TWI734824B - System and method for reducing interference from neighboring wireless devices - Google Patents

Abstract

A technique is disclosed for reducing interference in a communication system including a plurality of wireless devices. A first device transmits a frame (e.g., an RTS frame or a CTS frame) to a second device, the frame including information from which a non-target third device may use to estimate potential interference at the first device based on a proposed transmission to a fourth device. The information includes at least one of an interference and sensitivity factor (ISF), transmit power, and reciprocity factor (a difference between an antenna receive gain and an antenna transmit gain). Using the information in the frame to estimate the potential interference at the first device, the third device may choose to proceed with the proposed transmission if the estimated potential interference is less than a threshold; or withdraw or modify the proposed transmission if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold.

Description

System and method for reducing interference from neighboring wireless devices

This patent application claims the provisional application No. 62/382,170 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on August 31, 2016, and the provisional application No. 62/382,707 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on September 1, 2016. , And the priority and rights of non-provisional application No. 15/679,049 filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on August 16, 2017.

This case is generally about wireless communication, and especially about systems and methods for reducing interference from neighboring wireless devices.

Communication systems usually include three or more wireless devices configured to communicate with each other at various times. For example, the first wireless device can participate in the communication period with the second wireless device. During the communication period, the third wireless device may expect to communicate with the fourth wireless device. If the third wireless device is close enough to the first wireless device and/or the second wireless device, the signal transmission intended by the third wireless device to the fourth wireless device may be in the first wireless device and/or the second wireless device. Interference occurs everywhere. The interference may significantly affect the communication period between the first and second wireless devices.

Some aspects of this case provide a device for wireless communication. The device includes a processing system configured to generate at least one frame including information, and at least one first wireless node can estimate potential interference at the device based on the information; an interface configured to output the at least one signal Frame for transmission to at least one second wireless node.

Certain aspects of this case provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes the following steps: generating at least one frame including information, based on which the first wireless node can estimate potential interference at a device configured to transmit the at least one frame; and outputting the at least one frame for use To at least one second wireless node.

Some aspects of this case provide a device for wireless communication. The device includes means for generating at least one frame including information, at least one first wireless node can estimate potential interference at the device based on the information; and for outputting the at least one frame for transmission to at least A component of a second wireless node.

Some aspects of the present case provide a computer-readable medium on which instructions are stored for generating at least one frame including information, and at least one first wireless node can estimate based on the information that it is configured to transmit the Potential interference at the device of at least one frame; and outputting the at least one frame for transmission to at least one second wireless node.

Some aspects of this case provide a first wireless node. The first wireless node includes a processing system configured to generate at least one frame including information, and at least one second wireless node can estimate the potential interference at the first wireless node based on the information; and a transmitter, which is It is configured to transmit the at least one frame to at least one third wireless node.

Some aspects of this case provide a device for wireless communication. The device includes: an interface configured to receive at least one first frame from a first wireless node; and a processing system coupled to the interface and configured to be based on the information in the at least one first frame and for directing The second wireless node transmits the proposed transmission scheme of at least one second frame to estimate potential interference at the first wireless node; and performs operations based on the estimated potential interference.

Certain aspects of this case provide a method for wireless communication. The method includes the following steps: receiving at least one first frame from a first wireless node; based on the information in the at least one first frame and a proposed transmission scheme for transmitting at least one second frame to the second wireless node To estimate potential interference at the first wireless node; and perform operations based on the estimated potential interference.

Some aspects of this case provide a device for wireless communication. The device includes: means for receiving at least one first frame from a first wireless node; and means for transmitting at least one second frame to the second wireless node based on the information in the at least one first frame Means for the proposed transmission scheme to estimate potential interference at the first wireless node; and means for performing operations based on the estimated potential interference.

Some aspects of the present case provide a computer-readable medium on which instructions are stored for: receiving at least one first frame from a first wireless node; based on the information in the at least one first frame and using The proposed transmission scheme for transmitting at least one second frame to the second wireless node is used to estimate potential interference at the first wireless node; and operations are performed based on the estimated potential interference.

Certain aspects of this case provide a wireless node. The wireless node includes: a receiver configured to receive at least one first frame from the first wireless node; and a processing system coupled to the receiver configured to be based on information in the at least one first frame And the proposed transmission scheme for transmitting at least one second frame to the second wireless node to estimate potential interference at the first wireless node; and perform operations based on the estimated potential interference.

Various aspects of this case also provide various methods, components and computer program products corresponding to the above-mentioned devices and operations.

Hereinafter, various aspects of the case will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this case can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function provided throughout the case. On the contrary, these aspects are provided so that the case will be thorough and complete, and it will fully convey the scope of the case to those familiar with the technology. Based on the teachings in this article, those familiar with the technology should understand that the scope of this case is intended to cover any aspect of the case disclosed in this article, regardless of whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspects of the case. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement a device or method of practice. In addition, the scope of this case is intended to cover the use of such devices or methods as a supplement to the various aspects of the case set forth herein or other other structures, functions, or structures and functions. It should be understood that any aspect of the case disclosed herein can be implemented by one or more elements of the claim.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" need not be construed as being superior or superior to other aspects.

Although specific aspects are described in this article, many variations and permutations of these aspects fall within the scope of this case. Although some benefits and advantages of the preferred aspect are mentioned, the scope of this case is not intended to be limited to specific benefits, uses, or goals. To be precise, the various aspects of this case are intended to be widely applicable to different wireless technologies, system configurations, networks and transmission protocols, some of which are illustrated in the drawings and the following description of the preferred aspects by way of examples. For example, the transmission protocol may include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocol. In some aspects, 802.11 protocols may include 802.11ay and/or 802.11ad protocols, as well as future protocols. The detailed description and drawings only illustrate the case, but do not limit the case. The scope of the case is defined by the appended claims and their equivalent technical solutions.

The technologies described in this article can be used in various broadband wireless communication systems, including communication systems based on orthogonal multiplexing schemes. Examples of such communication systems include spatial division multiple access (SDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC -FDMA) system and so on. The SDMA system can utilize fully different directions to simultaneously transmit data belonging to multiple access terminals. The TDMA system can allow multiple access terminals to share the same frequency channel by dividing the transmission signal into different time slots, and each time slot is assigned to a different access terminal. The OFDMA system uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which is a modulation technique that divides the overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal sub-carriers. These sub-carriers can also be called tones, frequency bands, and so on. Under OFDM, each sub-carrier can be independently modulated with data. The SC-FDMA system can use interleaved FDMA (IFDMA) to transmit on sub-carriers distributed across the system bandwidth, local FDMA (LFDMA) to transmit on blocks composed of adjacent sub-carriers, or use enhanced FDMA (EFDMA) ) Transmit on multiple blocks composed of adjacent sub-carriers. Generally speaking, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain under OFDM, and in the time domain under SC-FDMA.

The teachings herein can be incorporated into (eg, implemented within or executed by) various wired or wireless devices (eg, nodes). In some aspects, a wireless node implemented in accordance with the teachings herein may include an access point or an access terminal.

An access point ("AP") may include, be implemented as, or be referred to as a Node B, a radio network controller ("RNC"), an evolved Node B (eNB), a base station controller ("BSC") , Base Transceiver Station ("BTS"), Base Station ("BS"), Transceiver Function ("TF"), Radio Router, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set ("BSS"), Extended Service Set ("ESS "), radio base station ("RBS"), or some other term.

An access terminal ("AT") may include, be implemented as, or be referred to as a subscriber station, subscriber unit, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, user terminal, user agent, user equipment, use User equipment, user station, or some other term. In some implementations, access terminals may include cellular phones, wireless phones, communication period initiation protocol ("SIP") phones, wireless area loop ("WLL") stations, personal digital assistants ("PDAs"), and wireless connectivity A capable handheld device, station ("STA"), or some other suitable processing device connected to a wireless modem. Therefore, one or more aspects taught in this article can be incorporated into phones (for example, cellular phones or smart phones), computers (for example, laptops), portable communication devices, portable computing Equipment (for example, personal data assistant), entertainment equipment (for example, music or video equipment, or satellite radio), global positioning system equipment, or any other suitable equipment configured to communicate via wireless or wired media. In some aspects, the node is a wireless node. Such wireless nodes may, for example, provide connectivity to or to a network (for example, a wide area network (such as the Internet) or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system 100 having a plurality of wireless nodes, such as an access point (AP) 110 and an access terminal (AT) 120. For simplicity, only one access point 110 is shown. The access point 110 is usually a fixed station that communicates with each access terminal 120, and can also be called a base station or some other terminology. The access terminal 120 may be fixed or mobile, and may be called a mobile station, a wireless device, or some other terminology. The access point 110 can communicate with one or more access terminals 120a to 120i on the downlink and uplink at any given moment. The downlink (ie, the forward link) is the communication link from the access point 110 to the access terminal 120, and the uplink (ie, the reverse link) is the communication link from the access terminal 120 to the access terminal 120. Point 110 of the communication link. The access terminal 120 can also communicate with another access terminal 120 at the same level. The system controller 130 is coupled to the access points 110 and provides coordination and control of the access points 110. The access point 110 can communicate with other devices coupled to the backbone network 150.

In one example, the wireless communication system 100 uses a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) modulation technique in the communication between the access point 110 and the access terminal 120. The use of spread spectrum technology allows the system to easily manage and operate longer inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels. Specifically, compared with the conventional cellular system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) easily promotes the increase in user capacity in a system of this size. More specifically, the access point 110 may use several modulator-demodulator units or spread spectrum modems to process communication signals in a predefined geographic area or cell. During typical operation, the modem in the access point 110 is assigned to each access terminal 120 as required to accommodate communication signal transmission. If the modem uses multiple receivers, one modem is suitable for diversity processing, otherwise, multiple modems can be used in combination.

2 illustrates the access point 110 (in general, the first wireless node) and the access terminal 120 (for example, one of the access terminals 120a) in the wireless communication system 100 (in general, the second wireless node) Block diagram. The access point 110 is a transmitter entity for the downlink and a receiver entity for the uplink. The access terminal 120a is a transmitting entity for the uplink and a receiving entity for the downlink. As used herein, a "transmitting entity" is an independently operated device or device capable of transmitting data via a wireless channel, and a "receiving entity" is an independently operated device or device capable of receiving data via a wireless channel.

For data transmission, the access point 110 includes a transmission data processor 220, a frame builder 222, a transmission processor 224, a plurality of transceivers 226a to 226n, a bus interface for connecting the devices and components shown, and A plurality of antennas 230a to 230n. The access point 110 also includes a controller 234 for controlling the operation of the access point 110. In one embodiment, the antennas 230a to 230n form a multi-antenna phased array for multiple steerable beams that can be directed to a specific user. In this embodiment, an antenna array can be used to increase the isolation between users. These antennas can also be configured for equal gain beamforming (EGB) technology and null steering technology via phase control.

In operation, the transmission data processor 220 receives data (for example, data bits) from the data source 215 and processes the data for transmission. For example, the transmission data processor 220 may encode data (for example, data bits) into encoded data, and modulate the encoded data into data symbols. The transmission data processor 220 can support different modulation and coding schemes (MCS). For example, the transmission data processor 220 may encode data at any of a plurality of different encoding rates (for example, using low-density parity check (LDPC) encoding). In addition, the transmission data processor 220 can use any one of a plurality of different modulation schemes to modulate the encoded data. These modulation schemes include, but are not limited to, binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). ), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) (for example, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM), and amplitude and phase shift keying or asymmetric phase shift keying (APSK) (for example, 64APSK, 128APSK, and 256APSK).

In some aspects, the controller 234 may send (for example, based on the channel status of the downlink) to the transmission data processor 220 a command specifying which modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is to be used, and the transmission data processor 220 may follow The designated MCS encodes and modulates the data from the data source 215. It will be appreciated that the transmission data processor 220 may perform additional processing on the data, such as data scrambling and/or other processing. The transmission data processor 220 outputs the data symbols to the frame builder 222.

The frame builder 222 constructs or generates a frame (also called a packet), and inserts data symbols into the data payload of the frame. The frame can include preamble, header, and data payload. In one embodiment, the frame is any one of a beacon frame, a probe request frame, or a probe response frame. The frame may include interference information in the form of classes, such as interference sensitivity factor (ISF), transmission power, or reciprocity factor, as described in more detail below. The preamble signal may include a short training field (STF) sequence and a channel estimation field (CEF) sequence to help the access terminal 120a receive the frame. The header may include information related to the data in the payload, such as the length of the data and the MCS used to encode and modulate the data. This information allows the access terminal 120a to demodulate and decode the data. The data in the payload can be divided into a plurality of blocks, and each block can include a part of the data and a guard interval (GI), which helps the receiver to perform phase tracking. The frame builder 222 outputs the frame to the transmission processor 224.

The transmission processor 224 processes the frames for transmission on the downlink. For example, the transmission processor 224 may support different transmission modes, such as an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission mode and a single carrier (SC) transmission mode. In this example, the controller 234 can send a command specifying which transmission mode to use to the transmission processor 224, and the transmission processor 224 can process the frame to transmit according to the designated transmission mode. The transmission processor 224 may apply a spectrum mask to the frame so that the frequency composition of the downlink signal meets a specific spectrum requirement.

In some aspects, the transmission processor 224 may support multiple output multiple input (MIMO) transmission. In this aspect, the access point 110 may include multiple antennas 230a to 230n and multiple transceivers 226a to 226n (for example, one transceiver for each antenna). The transmission processor 224 may perform spatial processing on the incoming frame and provide a plurality of transmission frame streams for the plurality of antennas. The transceivers 226a to 226n receive and process (eg, convert into analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) respective transmission frame streams to generate transmission signals for transmission via the antennas 230a to 230n, respectively.

The transmission processor 224 may be configured to transmit 802.11 beamforming training protocols (for example, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, or future beamforming training protocols) between the access point 110 and one or more access terminals 120a A plurality of training signals associated with the beamforming training part. In one example, the beamforming training protocol may include a sector-level sweep (SLS) and a beam improvement phase for transmission (BRP-Tx).

For data transmission, the access terminal 120a includes a transmission data processor 260, a frame builder 262, a transmission processor 264, a plurality of transceivers 266a to 266n, a bus interface for connecting the devices and components shown, and Multiple antennas 270a to 270n (for example, one antenna for each transceiver). The access terminal 120a can transmit data to the access point 110 on the uplink and/or transmit data to another access terminal 120 (for example, for inter-level communication). The access terminal 120a also includes a controller 274 for controlling the operation of the access terminal 120a. In one embodiment, the antennas 270a to 270n form an antenna array for multiple steerable beams that can be directed to a specific user. In this embodiment, an antenna array can be used to increase the isolation between users. The antennas can also be configured for equal gain beamforming (EGB) technology and zero control technology via phase control, for example.

In operation, the transmission data processor 260 receives data (eg, data bits) from the data source 255 and processes (eg, encodes and modulates) the data for transmission. The transmission data processor 260 can support different MCSs. For example, the transmission data processor 260 can encode data at any of a plurality of different encoding rates (for example, using LDPC encoding), and use a plurality of different modulation schemes (including but not limited to BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM). , 64APSK, 128APSK, 256QAM and 256APSK) to modulate the encoded data. In some aspects, the controller 274 may send a command to the transmission data processor 260 (for example, based on uplink channel conditions) specifying which MCS to use, and the transmission data processor 260 may encode according to the specified MCS And modulation comes from data source 255. It will be appreciated that the transmission data processor 260 can perform additional processing on the data. The transmission data processor 260 outputs the data symbol to the frame builder 262.

The frame builder 262 constructs or generates a frame, and inserts the received data symbol into the data payload of the frame. The frame can include preamble, header, and data payload. In one embodiment, the frame is a beacon frame. The beacon frame may include interference information, such as interference sensitivity factor (ISF), transmission power, or reciprocity factor, as described in more detail below. The preamble signal may include STF sequence and CEF sequence to help the access point 110 and/or other access terminals 120 to receive the frame. The header may include information related to the data in the payload, such as the length of the data and the MCS used to encode and modulate the data. The data in the payload can be divided into a plurality of blocks, where each block can include a part of the data and a guard interval (GI) that helps the access point 110 and/or other access terminals 120 to perform phase tracking. The frame builder 262 outputs the frame to the transmission processor 264.

The transmission processor 264 processes the frames for transmission. For example, the transmission processor 264 may support different transmission modes, such as OFDM transmission mode and SC transmission mode. In this example, the controller 274 may send a command specifying which transmission mode to use to the transmission processor 264, and the transmission processor 264 may process the frame to transmit according to the designated transmission mode. The transmission processor 264 may apply a spectrum mask to the frame so that the frequency composition of the uplink signal meets a specific spectrum requirement.

The transceivers 266a through 266n receive and process (eg, convert into analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output of the transmission processor 264 for transmission via one or more antennas 270a through 270n. For example, the transceiver 266 may up-convert the output of the transmission processor 264 to a transmission signal having a frequency in the 60 GHz range.

In some aspects, the transmission processor 264 may support multiple output multiple input (MIMO) transmission. In this aspect, the access terminal 120 may include multiple antennas 270a to 270n and multiple transceivers 266a to 266n (for example, one transceiver for each antenna). The transmission processor 264 can perform spatial processing on the incoming frame and provide a plurality of transmission frame streams for the plurality of antennas 270a to 270n. The transceivers 266a to 266n receive and process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) respective transmission frame streams to generate transmission signals for transmission via antennas 270a to 270n.

The transmission processor 264 may be configured to transmit 802.11 beamforming training protocols (for example, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, or future beamforming training protocols) between the access point 110 and one or more access terminals 120a A plurality of training signals associated with the beamforming training part. In one example, the beamforming training protocol may include a sector-level sweep (SLS) and a beam improvement phase for transmission (BRP-Tx).

For receiving data, the access point 110 includes a receiving processor 242 and a receiving data processor 244. In operation, the transceivers 226a to 226n (eg, from the access terminal 120a) receive signals and spatially process the received signals (eg, down-convert, amplify, filter, and convert to digits). The received signal can also be processed so that the phase and gain can be controlled via beamforming algorithms. The beamforming algorithm can control the phase (ie, phase shift) and gain of each antenna, and includes linear space techniques, such as channel correlation matrix inversion (CCMI) technology, minimum mean square error (MMSE) technology, and equal gain beam Forming technology and other technologies. Beamforming algorithms may also include space-time technologies, such as minimum mean square error linear equalizer (MMSE-LE) technology, decision feedback equalizer (DFE) technology, maximum ratio combining technology (MRC), and other technologies.

The receiving processor 242 and the receiving data processor 244 may be configured to receive 802.11 beamforming training protocols (for example, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, or future beams) between the access point 110 and one or more access terminals 120a. Forming training protocol) to transmit multiple training signals associated with the beamforming training part. For example, the beamforming training protocol may include a sector-level sweep (SLS) and a beam improvement phase for reception (BRP-Rx).

The receiving processor 242 receives the output of each transceiver 226a to 226n and processes the output to recover the data symbol. For example, the access point 110 may receive data in a frame (for example, from the access terminal 120a). In this example, the receiving processor 242 can use the STF sequence in the preamble of the frame to detect the beginning of the frame. The receiving processor 242 may also use STF to perform automatic gain control (AGC) adjustment. The receiving processor 242 may also perform channel estimation (for example, using the CEF sequence in the preamble of the frame) and perform channel equalization on the received signal based on the channel estimation.

Further, the receiver processor 242 may use the guard interval (GI) in the payload to estimate the phase noise, and reduce the phase noise in the received signal based on the estimated phase noise. The phase noise may be due to the noise from the local oscillator in the access terminal 120a and/or the noise from the local oscillator in the access point 110 for frequency conversion. Phase noise can also include noise from the channel. The receiving processor 242 can also recover information (for example, the MCS scheme) from the header of the frame and send the information to the controller 234. After performing channel equalization and/or phase noise reduction, the receiving processor 242 can recover data symbols from the frame, and output the recovered data symbols to the receiving data processor 244 for further processing.

The receiving data processor 244 receives data symbols from the receiving processor 242 and receives instructions from the controller 234 for the corresponding multi-level control (MSC) scheme. The receiving data processor 244 demodulates and decodes the data symbols according to the indicated MSC scheme to recover the data, and outputs the recovered data (for example, data bits) to the data slot 246 for storage and/or further processing.

As discussed above, the access terminal 120a may use the OFDM transmission mode or the SC transmission mode to transmit data. In this case, the receiving processor 242 can process the received signal according to the selected transmission mode. Moreover, as discussed above, the transmission processor 264 may support multiple output multiple input (MIMO) transmission. In this case, the access point 110 includes a plurality of antennas 230a to 230n and a plurality of transceivers 226a to 226n (for example, one transceiver for each antenna). Each transceiver receives and processes (for example, down-converting, amplifying, filtering, and converting to digital) the signal from the corresponding antenna. The receiving processor 242 may perform spatial processing on the output of the transceivers 226a to 226n to recover the data symbols.

For receiving data, the access terminal 120a includes a receiving processor 282 and a receiving data processor 284. In operation, the transceivers 266a to 266n receive signals via corresponding antennas 270a to 270n (for example, from the access point 110 or another access terminal 120) and process (for example, down-convert, amplify, filter, and convert into Digital) received signal. The received signal can also be processed so that the phase and gain can be controlled via beamforming algorithms. The beamforming algorithm can control the phase (ie, phase shift) and gain of each antenna, and includes linear space techniques, such as channel correlation matrix inversion (CCMI) technology, minimum mean square error (MMSE) technology, and equal gain beam Forming technology and other technologies. Beamforming algorithms may also include space-time technologies, such as minimum mean square error linear equalizer (MMSE-LE) technology, decision feedback equalizer (DFE) technology, maximum ratio combining technology (MRC), and other technologies.

The receiving processor 282 and the receiving data processor 284 may be configured to receive 802.11 beamforming training protocols (for example, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, or future beams) between the access point 110 and one or more access terminals 120a. Forming training protocol) to transmit multiple training signals associated with the beamforming training part. For example, the beamforming training protocol may include a sector-level sweep (SLS) and a beam improvement phase for reception (BRP-Rx).

The receiving processor 282 receives the output of each transceiver 266a to 266n and processes the output to recover the data symbols. For example, the access terminal 120a may receive data in a frame (eg, from the access point 110 or another access terminal 120), as discussed above. In this example, the receiving processor 282 can use the STF sequence in the preamble signal of the frame to detect the beginning of the frame. The receiving processor 282 may also perform channel estimation (for example, using the CEF sequence in the preamble of the frame) and perform channel equalization on the received signal based on the channel estimation.

Further, the receiver processor 282 can use the guard interval (GI) in the payload to estimate the phase noise, and reduce the phase noise in the received signal based on the estimated phase noise. The receiving processor 282 can also recover information (for example, the MCS scheme) from the header of the frame and send the information to the controller 274. After performing channel equalization and/or phase noise reduction, the receiving processor 282 can recover data symbols from the frame and output the recovered data symbols to the receiving data processor 284 for further processing.

The receiving data processor 284 receives data symbols from the receiving processor 282 and receives an instruction of the corresponding MSC scheme from the controller 274. The receiver data processor 284 demodulates and decodes the data symbols according to the indicated MSC scheme to recover the data, and outputs the recovered data (for example, data bits) to the data slot 286 for storage and/or further processing.

As discussed above, the access point 110 or another access terminal 120 may use the OFDM transmission mode or the SC transmission mode to transmit data. In this case, the receiving processor 282 can process the received signal according to the selected transmission mode. Moreover, as discussed above, the transmission processor 224 may support multiple output multiple input (MIMO) transmission. In this case, the access terminal 120a may include multiple antennas and multiple transceivers (for example, one transceiver for each antenna). Each transceiver receives and processes (for example, down-converting, amplifying, filtering, and converting to digital) the signal from the corresponding antenna. The receiving processor 282 may perform spatial processing on the output of the transceiver to recover the data symbols.

As shown in FIG. 2, the access point 110 also includes a memory device 236 coupled to the controller 234. The memory device 236 may store instructions that when executed by the controller 234 cause the controller 234 to perform one or more of the operations described herein. Similarly, the access terminal 120a also includes a memory device 276 coupled to the controller 274. The memory device 276 may store instructions that when executed by the controller 274 cause the controller 274 to perform one or more of the operations described herein. The memory devices 236 and 276 can store data to help the access point 110 and the access terminal 120a estimate interference information at one or more neighboring devices, as described in further detail herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary modified request to send (RTS) frame or "RTS-TRN" frame 300 according to another aspect of the present case. The wireless device (referred to as the "initial device" in this article) can use the RTS frame to determine whether the communication medium can be used to send one or more data frames to the "destination device". Normally, the RTS frame is sent when the size of one or more data frames to be transmitted to the destination device exceeds a specified threshold. In response to receiving the RTS frame, if the communication media is available, the destination device in turn sends a clear to send (CTS) frame to the initiating device. In response to receiving the CTS frame, the initiating device sends the one or more data frames to the destination device. In response to successfully receiving the one or more data frames, the destination device sends one or more acknowledgement ("ACK") frames to the initiating device. Such RTS frames, CTS frames, and ACK frames are examples of media access control (MAC) frames.

The MAC may include a distributed coordination function (DCF) and a point coordination function (PCF) based on carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). DCF allows access to media without centralized control. The PCF is deployed at the access point 110 to provide centralized control. DCF and PCF use various gaps between successive transmissions to avoid conflicts. Transmission can be called frame, and the gap between frames is called inter-frame spacing (IFS). The frame can be a user data frame, a control frame, or a management frame.

Regarding the frame details, the RTS-TRN frame 300 includes the RTS part, which includes the frame control field 310, the duration field 312, the receiver address field 314, the transmitter address field 316, and the frame check sequence field. Bit 318, and control the trailing field 320. As discussed in more detail herein, controlling tailing 320 includes information that allows neighboring (non-destination) devices to estimate potential interference at the initiating device if the neighboring device transmits signals in accordance with the communication period. Such information may include at least one of interference sensitivity factor (ISF), transmission power P _t , or reciprocity factor G _r -G _t (the difference between antenna reception gain and antenna transmission gain).

For improved communication and interference reduction purposes, as discussed in more detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/273,397 (which is incorporated herein by reference), the RTS-TRN frame 300 further includes a device for configuring the destination and a Or the beam training sequence field 322 of the corresponding antennas of multiple neighboring devices. The destination device uses the beam training sequence field 322 to configure its antenna for directional reception from the initiating device and directional transmission to the initiating device. The one or more neighboring devices use the beam training sequence field 322 to configure their antennas for transmission, thereby reducing interference at the initiating device (such as by configuring its transmission antenna radiation pattern to have a substantially targeted initiating device The zero point of the direction). The beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 322 may be based on the Golay sequence.

The RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300 can be configured as a standard RTS frame specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocol. In this regard, the frame control field 310 includes the following subfields: a "protocol" subfield for specifying the version associated with the RTS frame part; a "type" subfield for indicating the type of the frame Bit (for example, type=01 for a control frame); "subtype" sub-field used to indicate the subtype of the frame (for example, subtype=1011 indicates RTS frame); and used to indicate the distribution system Whether to send or receive the "ToDS (to DS)" and "FromDS (from DS)" sub-fields of the control frame (for example, for RTS frames, ToDS=0 and FromDS=0).

In addition, the frame control field 310 further includes the following subfields: a "more fragments" subfield for indicating whether the frame is segmented (for example, for an RTS frame, more fragments = 0, because its Not segmented); the "retry" sub-field used to indicate whether the frame should be retransmitted if it has not been received (for example, for an RTS frame, retry=0, because it will not be retransmitted) ; "Power Management" sub-field used to indicate the power management status of the sender after the current frame exchange is completed; "More Information" sub-field used in management and data frames (for example, for RTS frames, More data=0); the "protected frame" sub-field used to indicate whether the frame is encrypted (for example, because the RTS frame is not encrypted, so the protected frame=0); and used to indicate The "Order" sub-field of the order of the associated frame (for example, for an RTS frame, order=0, because the frame cannot be transmitted out of order).

The duration field 312 of the RTS portion of the RTS-TRN frame 300 provides an indication of the estimated duration of communication between the initiating device and the destination device. Or in other words, the duration field 312 specifies an estimate of the duration in which the communication medium will be used to carry out the communication between the initiating device and the destination device. The duration may include the following cumulative duration: (1) the duration of the inter-short frame space (SIFS) between the end of the transmission of the RTS frame and the beginning of the transmission of the CTS frame; (2) the duration of the CTS frame; (3) The duration of another SIFS between the end of the transmission of the CTS frame and the beginning of the transmission of one or more data frames; (4) the duration of the one or more data frames; (5) the one or more data frames The duration of another SIFS between the end of the transmission of the frame and the beginning of the transmission of the ACK frame; and (6) the duration of the ACK frame. As discussed in further detail herein, one or more neighboring devices may use this duration to decide whether to estimate the potential interference at the initiating device based on the proposed transmission scheme.

The receiver address field 314 of the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300 indicates the address of the destination device (for example, a media access control (MAC) address). As discussed in more detail, the device that receives the RTS-TRN frame 300 may perform different operations depending on whether the device is a destination device or a non-destination neighbor device. The transmitter address field 316 of the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300 indicates the address of the starting device (for example, the MAC address). The frame check sequence field 318 of the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300 includes a value that allows the receiver device to determine the validity of at least some of the information transmitted via the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300.

As previously discussed, the control tail 320 includes at least one of _{ISF, P t} , or G _r -G _t. The neighboring device that receives the modified RTS-TRN frame 300 can estimate the potential interference at the initiating device based on the following: the received power level of the RTS-TRN frame 300, the information ISF, P _t , or G _{One or more of r} -G _t , its proposed transmission power, and its proposed antenna's own reciprocity factor. The interference is the power level of the signal transmitted by the neighboring device at the receiver input of the initiating device. If the estimated potential interference at the initiating device is too high (for example, greater than or equal to the threshold), the neighboring device can perform any number of response operations, such as canceling the transmission of the proposed signal and selecting a different transmission sector for transmission Proposed signal, or reduce the transmission power of the proposed signal-if this option is appropriate based on whether the signal can be adequately received by the target device.

Based on ISF, neighboring devices can use the following equation to estimate the potential interference at the originating device. P _ra = P _rb + P _tb + (G _tb -G _rb ) – ISF _a Equation 1 where P _ra is the potential interference or power level at the receiver input of the initiating device, and P _rb is the RTS-TRN frame 300 is the power level at the receiver input of the _{neighboring device, P tb} is the proposed transmission power _{of the neighboring device, G tb} -G _rb is the proposed reciprocity factor of the neighboring device, and ISF _a is the interference sensitivity of the initiating device Factor.

Based on P _t and G _r -G _t , the neighboring device can use the following equation to estimate the potential interference at the originating device. P _ra = P _rb + P _tb + (G _tb -G _rb ) – P _ta + (G _ra -G _ta ) Equation 2 where P _ta is the transmission power of the initiating device, and G _ra -G _ta is the initiating device The negative number of the reciprocity factor. That is, the interference sensitivity factor (ISF) is equal to the transmission power P _t plus the reciprocity factor G _t -G _r .

Based on P _t (and no ISF or G _r -G _t ), the neighboring device can use the following equation to estimate the potential interference at the originating device. P _ra = P _rb + P _tb + (G _tb -G _rb )-P _ta Equation 3 As indicated, Equation 3 is a shortened version of Equation 2. That is, the reciprocity factor of the initiating device is missing because it is not communicated to neighboring devices. _{In such situations, the neighboring device can use Equation 3 to estimate the potential interference P ra} at the initiating device under the assumption that the reciprocity factor of the initiating device is zero (0). Alternatively, the neighboring device can make an assumption about the reciprocity factor of the starting device and _{use Equation 2 with G ra} -G _ta as the assumed value.

Based on G _r -G _t (and no ISF or P _t ), the neighboring device can use the following equation to estimate the potential interference at the originating device. P _ra = P _rb + (G _tb -G _rb ) + (G _ra -G _ta ) Equation 4 As indicated, Equation 4 is a shortened version of Equation 2. That is, the difference between the proposed transmission power P _{tb of the} neighboring device and the transmission power P _{ta of the initiating device is missing because P ta is} not communicated to the neighboring device. In such a situation, the neighboring device can use Equation 4 to estimate the potential interference P _ra at the initiating device assuming that the neighboring device's proposed transmission power P _tb is equal to the initiating device's transmission power P _ta . Alternatively, the neighboring device can make an assumption about the transmission power difference and _{use Equation 2 with P tb} -P _ta as the assumed value. Alternatively, ISF may be related to the transmission power P _ta and receiving sensitivity of the initiating device.

Any one of the parameters used to determine the ISF may be based on the transmission and/or reception of a plurality of frames. For example, the initiating device can transmit multiple frames with different transmission powers. Correspondingly, the frames can include different transmission power information in their corresponding control tails. Correspondingly, the ISF can be determined based on the average of the transmission power respectively used to transmit the frames. Or, the ISF can be determined based on the maximum value of the transmission power used to transmit the frames. Or, the ISF can be determined based on all the transmission power used to transmit the frames.

The neighboring device can use the information in the duration field 312 to determine the time interval during which the initiating device will communicate with the destination device. Based on the duration field 312, if the initiating device and the destination device will communicate during the proposed communication period between the neighboring device and the target device, the neighboring device can estimate the potential interference at the initiating device in order to be able to Take appropriate action. In another aspect, based on the duration field 312, if the initiating device and the destination device will no longer communicate during the proposed communication period, the neighboring devices do not need to perform interference estimation.

As mentioned above, based on _{the estimation of the potential interference P ra} at the initiating device, neighboring devices can perform specific operations. For example, if the potential interference P _{ra is} less than (or equal to) the threshold (so that the interference will not be considered significant at the initiating device, for example, it may not affect the initiating device's reception of communications from the destination device), then the neighbor The device can continue to use the proposed transmission scheme to communicate with the target device. The threshold can be defined as the maximum acceptable interference, where the phrase "less than (or equal to) the threshold" as used herein is applicable. Alternatively, the threshold can be defined as the minimum unacceptable interference, where the phrase "greater than or equal to" as used herein is applicable.

If the potential interference P _{ra is} greater than or equal to the threshold (so that the interference will be considered significant at the initiating device, for example, it may affect the initiating device's reception of communications from the destination device), the neighboring device can take action to eliminate Or reduce potential interference at the starting device. For example, the neighboring device can withdraw participating in the communication with the target device. Alternatively, the neighboring device can change the transmission sector (change to a suboptimal sector) to communicate with the target device; using the new sector will reduce the estimated interference to less than (or equal to) the threshold. Alternatively, the neighboring device can reduce its proposed transmission power to reduce the estimated interference to less than (or equal to) the threshold, as long as the reduced transmission power is acceptable for communication with the target device.

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary modified clear to send (CTS) frame or CTS-TRN frame 400 according to another aspect of the present case. As previously discussed, if the communication medium can be used to transmit one or more data frames from the initiating device to the destination device, the destination device transmits the CTS-TRN frame 400 to the initiating device.

Specifically, the modified CTS-TRN frame 400 includes a CTS part, which includes a frame control field 410, a duration field 412, a receiver address field 414, a frame check sequence field 418, and control tailing 420. Similar to the control tail 320 of the RTS-TRN frame 300, the control tail 420 of the CTS-TRN frame 400 includes allowing neighboring (non-destination) devices to estimate the potential of the proposed transmission scheme based on the neighboring device at the destination device. Interfering information. Again, such information may include at least one of interference sensitivity factor (ISF), transmission power P _t , or reciprocity factor G _r -G _t (the difference between antenna reception gain and antenna transmission gain).

For the purpose of improved communication and interference reduction, as discussed in detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/273,397, the CTS-TRN frame 400 further includes beams for configuring the corresponding antennas of the initiating device and one or more neighboring devices Training sequence field 422. The initiating device uses the beam training sequence field 422 to configure its antenna for directional reception from the destination device and directional transmission to the destination device. The one or more neighboring devices use the beam training sequence field 422 to configure their antennas for transmission, thereby reducing interference at the destination device (such as by configuring its transmission antenna radiation pattern to have a substantially targeted destination device The zero point of the direction). The beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 422 may be based on the Golay sequence.

The frame control field 410 of the CTS part of the CTS-TRN frame 400 includes the same sub-fields as the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300, as discussed previously. The sub-fields of the frame control field 410 include the same values as the sub-fields of the frame control field 310 of the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300, except that the sub-type sub-fields of the frame control field 410 are Set to 1100 to indicate the CTS frame (instead of 1011 indicating the RTS frame).

The duration field 412 of the CTS portion of the CTS-TRN frame 400 provides an indication of the remaining estimated duration for the initiating device to communicate with the destination device. Or in other words, the duration field 412 specifies an estimate of the remaining duration in which the communication medium will be used to carry out the communication between the initiating device and the destination device. Specifically, the duration field 412 includes the duration indicated in the duration field 312 of the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300. The difference is that it does not include the CTS frame and the SIFS immediately before the CTS frame. Cumulative duration. More specifically, the duration may include the following cumulative duration: (1) the duration of SIFS between the end of the transmission of the CTS frame and the beginning of the transmission of one or more data frames; (2) the one or more data frames (3) the duration of another SIFS between the end of the transmission of the one or more data frames and the beginning of the transmission of the ACK frame; and (4) the duration of the ACK frame.

The receiving address field 414 of the CTS part of the CTS-TRN frame 400 indicates the address of the initiating device (for example, the MAC address). The frame check sequence field 418 of the CTS portion of the CTS-TRN frame 400 includes a value that allows the receiver device to determine the validity of at least some of the information transmitted via the CTS portion of the CTS-TRN frame 400.

As previously discussed, the control tail 420 includes at least one of _{ISF, P t} , or G _r -G _t. The neighboring device that receives the CTS-TRN frame 400 can estimate the potential interference at the destination device based on the following, for example, using the appropriate equations in Equations 1-4: The received power level of the CTS-TRN frame 400 , One or more of the information ISF, P _t , or G _r -G _t , its proposed transmission power, and its proposed antenna's own reciprocity factor. Based on the information in the duration field 412 of the CTS-TRN frame 400, if the proposed subsequent transmission coincides with the communication period between the initiating device and the destination device, the neighboring device can perform potential interference estimation.

Similarly, if the estimated potential interference at the destination device is too high (for example, greater than or equal to a threshold), the neighboring device can perform any number of response actions to eliminate or reduce the potential interference at the destination device, As discussed previously. For example, the response action may include canceling signal transmission to eliminate potential interference at the destination device, selecting a different transmission sector to transmit the signal to reduce potential interference at the destination device, or reducing the transmission power (again, reducing the potential interference at the destination device). Potential interference at the local equipment)-If the transmission power is reduced, it is still suitable for communication with the target equipment.

FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary ACK frame 500 according to another aspect of the present case. The ACK frame 500 can be configured as a standard ACK frame according to the IEEE 802.11 protocol. As previously discussed, the destination device transmits an ACK frame 500 to the initiating device in response to successfully receiving one or more data frames from the initiating device.

Specifically, the ACK frame 500 includes a frame control field 510, a duration field 512, a receiver address field 514, and a frame check sequence field 518. The frame control field 510 of the ACK frame 500 includes the same subfields as the RTS-TRN frame 300 and the CTS-TRN frame 400, respectively. The sub-fields of the frame control field 510 include the same values as the sub-fields of the frame control fields 310 and 410 of the RTS-TRN frame 300 and CTS-TRN frame 400, except for the frame control field 510 The subtype subfield of is set to 1101 to indicate the ACK frame.

The duration field 512 of the ACK frame 500 provides an indication of the remaining estimated duration of communication between the initiating device and the destination device. For example, if the last data frame from the initiating device indicates 0 in the More Fragment subfield of its frame control field, then there is no further data transmission from the initiating device to the destination device. Accordingly, in this type of situation, the duration field 512 indicates 0, because once the ACK frame is transmitted, there is no further communication between the initiating device and the destination device. In another aspect, if the last data frame from the initiating device indicates 1 in the More Fragment subfield of its frame control field, there are more subsequent data transmissions from the initiating device to the destination device. Accordingly, in such cases, the duration field 512 indicates an estimate of the remaining duration of communication between the initiating device and the destination device after the transmission of the ACK frame. As discussed below, the duration of such estimates can be used by neighboring devices to decide whether they need to perform an estimate of potential interference at the initiating device for the proposed future transmission.

The following description with reference to Figures 6-8 provides examples of how the aforementioned MAC frames (specifically RTS-TRN frame 300 and CTS-TRN frame 400) can be used to improve the communication between the originating device and the destination device. , Such as at least through the elimination of potential interference or reduction of actual interference caused by transmissions by neighboring devices at the originating device and the destination device.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communication system 600 in the first configuration according to another aspect of the present case. As illustrated, the communication system 600 includes a plurality of wireless devices, such as a first device 610, a second device 620, a third device 630, and a fourth device 640. In this example, the first device 610 is an example of an initiating device that will transmit one or more data frames to a destination device, and the destination device is the second device 620 in this example. Also, in this example, the third device 630 is an example of neighboring devices of the first device 610 and the second device 620. Similarly, the fourth device 640 is another example of neighboring devices of the first device 610 and the second device 620.

Each of the first device 610, the second device 620, the third device 630, and the fourth device 640 includes an antenna with multiple antenna elements, thereby allowing each of these devices to perform in an omnidirectional manner as well as in a directional manner Transmission and reception. In the first configuration, the first device 610 has configured its antenna for directional transmission (DIR-TX) roughly aimed at the second device 620. The second device 620, the third device 630, and the fourth device 640 have configured their respective antennas for omnidirectional reception (OMNI-RX).

In the first configuration, the first device 610 operating as the initiating device transmits an RTS-TRN frame 300 with a receiver address field 314 indicating the address of the second device 620. In this example, the second device 620, the third device 630, and the fourth device 640 are sufficiently close to the first device 610 to receive the RTS-TRN frame 300. The second device 620 determines that the second device 620 is the destination device based on the information in the receiver address field 314 of the RTS-TRN frame 300. Similarly, the third device 630 and the fourth device 640 determine based on the information in the receiver address field 314 of the RTS-TRN frame 300 that the third device 630 and the fourth device 640 are not expected devices (but only the first device). Neighboring device of device 610).

As neighboring devices of the first device 610, the third device 630 and the fourth device 640 both receive and store one or more of the information in the duration field 312 of the RTS-TRN frame 300 and the control tail 320. As discussed, the information in the control tail 320 includes the interference sensitivity factor (ISF), the transmission power P _t , or the reciprocity factor (G _r -G _t ) At least one of. The third device 630 and the fourth device 640 also measure and store the power level of the RTS-TRN frame 300 at its corresponding receiver input. The stored information can be used in the future to determine whether the third device 630 and/or the fourth device 640 need to estimate the potential interference at the first device 610 based on the information in the duration field 312 of the RTS-TRN frame 300, _{And if it is, the information (ISF, P t} , and/or G _r -G _t ) in the tail 320 based on the control of the RTS-TRN frame 300 and the proposed transmission between the third device 630 and the fourth device 640 Scheme to estimate the potential interference at the first device 610.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communication system 700 in a second configuration according to another aspect of the present case. In the second configuration, the second device 720 has determined that the second device 720 is the destination device, and in response, can optionally use the beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 322 of the received RTS-TRN 300 to Its antenna is configured for directional transmission basically aimed at the first device 710. That is, the antenna of the second device 720 may be configured to generate a non-main lobe that is basically aimed at the first device 710 (for example, the highest gain lobe) and aimed at other directions (for example, not aimed at the first device 710). An antenna radiation pattern of a lobe (for example, a lobe with a different gain below the main lobe). In this example, the non-main lobes are roughly aimed at the third device 730 and the fourth device 740, respectively.

In the second configuration, the second device 720 transmits the CTS-TRN frame 400, and its antenna can optionally be configured for directional transmission basically aimed at the first device 710. In this example, the first device 710 receives the CTS-TRN frame 400. Moreover, according to this example, the third device 730 and the fourth device 740 both receive the CTS-TRN frame 400. The third device 730 and the fourth device 740 determine based on the information in the receiver address field 414 of the CTS-TRN frame 400 that the third device 730 and the fourth device 740 are not expected devices (but only those of the second device 720). Neighboring equipment).

As neighboring devices of the second device 720, the third device 730 and the fourth device 740 both receive and store one or more of the information in the duration field 412 of the CTS-TRN frame 400 and the control tail 420. As discussed, the information in the control tail 420 includes the interference sensitivity factor (ISF), the transmission power P _t , or the reciprocity factor (G _r -G _t ) At least one of. The third device 730 and the fourth device 740 also measure and store the power level of the CTS-TRN frame 400 at its corresponding receiver input. The stored information can be used in the future to determine whether the third device 730 and/or the fourth device 740 need to estimate the potential interference at the second device 720 based on the information in the duration field 412 of the CTS-TRN frame 400, _{And if it is, the information (ISF, P t} , and/or G _r -G _t ) in the tail 420 based on the control of the CTS-TRN frame 400 and the proposed transmission between the third device 730 and the fourth device 740 Scheme to estimate the potential interference at the second device 720.

The interference information can be transmitted and received via the CTS-TRN frame 400 and/or the RTS-TRN frame 300 usage class. In one embodiment, the class may include one or more bits in the field of the frame. In another embodiment, the class can be defined by the arrangement of the fields of the frame. The class can identify the actual interference at the device. Another device that receives the class can determine the actual value by using the view table stored on the other device, or by comparing the received class with the value stored in memory (for example, in a central or cloud database) interference.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communication system 800 in a third configuration according to another aspect of the present case. In the third configuration, the first device 810 determines that the first device 810 is the intended recipient device of the CTS-TRN frame 400 based on the address indicated in the receiver address field 414 of the CTS-TRN frame 400. In response to determining that the first device 810 is the intended recipient device of the CTS-TRN frame 400, the first device 810 may optionally use the beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 422 of the received CTS-TRN frame 400 To configure its antenna for directional transmission basically aimed at the second device 820. That is, the antenna of the first device 810 is configured to generate an antenna radiation pattern having a main lobe (for example, the highest gain lobe) basically aimed at the second device 820 and a non-main lobe aimed at other directions.

Moreover, in the third configuration, the second device 820 may optionally configure its antenna to be used to target the directional reception of the first device 810 (for example, the main antenna radiation lobe), because the second device 820 is already based on its The beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 322 of the previously received RTS-TRN frame 300 knows the direction to the first device 810. Thus, when the antenna of the first device 810 is configured for directional transmission to the second device 820, and the antenna of the second device 820 is configured for directional reception from the first device 810, the first device 810 One or more data frames are transmitted to the second device 820.

When the first device 810 is communicating with the second device 820, the third device 830 determines that the third device 830 needs to communicate with the fourth device 840 (for example, transmitting an RTS frame to the fourth device 840). In response, the third device 830 determines the proposed transmission scheme for transmitting the signal (eg, RTS frame) to the fourth device 840. The proposed transmission scheme may include the proposed transmission power P _t and the proposed antenna radiation pattern (which may be characterized by the reciprocity factor G _t -G _r ). Subsequently, the third device 830 determines whether the first device 810 is currently interacting with one or both of the duration fields 312 and 412 in the RTS-TRN frame 300 and the CTS-TRN frame 400, respectively. The second device 820 communicates. If the third device 830 determines that the first device 810 no longer communicates with the second device 820 based on one or both of the duration fields 312 and 412, the third device 830 advances to the fourth device 840 according to the proposed transmission scheme. Transmission signal (for example, RTS frame).

In another aspect, if the third device 830 determines that the first device 810 is still communicating with the second device 820, the third device 830 estimates that the third device will transmit signals to the fourth device 840 according to the proposed transmission scheme. Corresponding potential interference caused at the first device 810 and the second device 820. The third device 830 can use the appropriate equations in Equations 1-4, and the information in the control tail 320 of the RTS-TRN frame 300 received from the first device 810 (for example, ISF, P _t , or G _r- G _t ), the power level of the RTS-TRN frame 300 at the receiver input of the third device 830, and the transmission power and reciprocity factor of the proposed transmission scheme to estimate the potential interference at the first device 810. Similarly, the third device 830 can use the appropriate equations in Equations 1-4, and the information in the control tail 420 of the CTS-TRN frame 400 received from the second device 820 (for example, ISF, P _t , or G _r -G _t ), the power level of the CTS-TRN frame 400 at the receiver input of the third device 830, and the transmission power and reciprocity factor of the proposed transmission scheme to estimate the potential at the second device 820 interference.

If the third device 830 decides that the corresponding potential interference estimates at both the first device 810 and the second device 820 are less than (or equal to) the threshold (where the corresponding interference will not significantly affect the communication between the first device 810 and the second device 820). Communication), the third device 830 proceeds to transmit a signal (for example, an RTS frame) to the fourth device 840 according to the proposed transmission scheme.

In another aspect, if the third device 830 decides that the estimated potential interference at either or both of the first device 810 and the second device 820 is greater than or equal to the threshold (wherein the corresponding interference will significantly affect the first device 810 Communication with the second device 820), the third device 830 can perform specific actions to eliminate or reduce the interference at the first device 810 and the second device 820.

For example, the third device 830 may decide to cancel the transmission of a signal (for example, an RTS frame) to the fourth device 840. The third device 830 can cancel the transmission until the first device 810 and the second device 820 are based on one or more of the duration fields 312 and 412 in the RTS-TRN frame 300 and CTS-TRN frame 400, respectively. Stop communicating with each other. Thus, after the first device 810 and the second device 820 stop communicating, the third device 830 can transmit a signal (for example, an RTS frame) to the fourth device 840 according to the proposed transmission scheme.

Alternatively, the third device 830 may decide to change the transmission sector in accordance with the proposed transmission scheme to reduce interference at one or both of the first device 810 and the second device 820. For example, the third device 830 may have selected the sector “0” for transmitting a signal (for example, an RTS frame) to the fourth device 840 according to the proposed transmission scheme. However, since the estimated potential interference at the second device 820 is greater than or equal to the threshold, the third device 830 may decide to select sector "7" to transmit the signal. In such situations, transmitting the signal via sector "7" results in the estimated potential interference at both the first device 810 and the second device 820 being less than (or equal to) a threshold. In this example, the original estimated interference at the first device 810 may have been less than (or equal to) the threshold; and thus, changing the transmission sector from "0" to "7" is due to the change in the second device 820 Estimated interference not at the first device 810. Accordingly, the third device 830 may proceed to transmit a signal (for example, an RTS frame) to the fourth device 840 via the sector "7" according to the modified transmission scheme.

As another example of modifying the proposed transmission scheme, the third device 830 may reduce the transmission power of the proposed transmission scheme to reduce interference at one or both of the first device 810 and the second device 820. For example, the transmission power of the proposed transmission scheme may cause the estimated potential interference at the second device 820 to be greater than or equal to a threshold. However, as a result of reducing the transmission power, the estimated potential interference at the second device 820 is less than (or equal to) the threshold. Similarly, in this example, the estimated potential interference at the first device 810 may have been less than (or equal to) the threshold; and thus, the transmission power reduction is due to the second device 820 instead of the first device 810 Estimated potential interference at the location. The third device 830 may now proceed to transmit a signal (eg, RTS frame) to the fourth device 840 at the transmission power of the modified transmission scheme.

In response to receiving a signal (for example, an RTS frame) from the third device 830, the fourth device 840 determines a proposed transmission scheme for sending a response signal (for example, a CTS frame) to the third device 830. Similarly, the proposed transmission scheme may include the proposed transmission power P _t and the proposed antenna radiation pattern (which may be characterized by the reciprocity factor G _t -G _r ). Subsequently, the fourth device 840 determines whether the first device 810 is currently interacting with one or both of the duration fields 312 and 412 in the RTS-TRN frame 300 and the CTS-TRN frame 400, respectively. The second device 820 communicates. If the fourth device 840 determines that the first device 810 no longer communicates with the second device 820 based on one or both of the duration fields 312 and 412, the fourth device 840 proceeds to the third device 830 according to the proposed transmission scheme. Transmission signal (for example, CTS frame).

In another aspect, if the fourth device 840 determines that the first device 810 is still communicating with the second device 820, the fourth device 840 estimates that the fourth device 840 transmits signals to the third device 830 according to the proposed transmission scheme The corresponding potential interference that will be caused at the first device 810 and the second device 820. The fourth device 840 can use the appropriate equations in Equations 1-4, and the information in the control tail 320 of the RTS-TRN frame 300 received from the first device 810 (for example, ISF, P _t , or G _r- G _t ), the power level of the RTS-TRN frame 300 at the receiver input of the fourth device 840, and the transmission power and reciprocity factor of the proposed transmission scheme to estimate the potential interference at the first device 810. Similarly, the fourth device 840 can use the appropriate equations in Equations 1-4, and the information in the control tail 420 of the CTS-TRN frame 400 received from the second device 820 (for example, ISF, P _t , or G _r -G _t ), the power level of the CTS-TRN frame 400 at the receiver input of the fourth device 840, and the transmission power and reciprocity factor of the proposed transmission scheme to estimate the potential at the second device 820 interference.

If the fourth device 840 decides that the corresponding potential interference estimates at both the first device 810 and the second device 820 are less than (or equal to) the threshold (where the corresponding interference will not significantly affect the communication between the first device 810 and the second device 820) Communication), the fourth device 840 proceeds to transmit a signal (for example, a CTS frame) to the third device 830 according to the proposed transmission scheme.

In another aspect, if the fourth device 840 decides that the estimated potential interference at either or both of the first device 810 and the second device 820 is greater than or equal to the threshold (wherein the corresponding interference will significantly affect the first device 810 Communication with the second device 820), the fourth device 840 may perform specific actions to eliminate or reduce the interference at the first device 810 and the second device 820.

For example, the fourth device 840 may decide to cancel the transmission of a signal (for example, a CTS frame) to the third device 830. The fourth device 840 can cancel the transmission until the first device 810 and the second device 820 are based on one or more of the duration fields 312 and 412 in the RTS-TRN frame 300 and the CTS-TRN frame 400, respectively. Stop communicating with each other. Thus, after the first device 810 and the second device 820 stop communicating, the fourth device 840 can transmit a signal (for example, a CTS frame) to the third device 830 according to the proposed transmission scheme.

Alternatively, the fourth device 840 may decide to change the transmission sector in accordance with the proposed transmission scheme to reduce interference at one or both of the first device 810 and the second device 820. For example, the fourth device 840 may have selected sector "3" for transmitting a signal (for example, a CTS frame) to the third device 830 according to the proposed transmission scheme. However, since the estimated potential interference at the first device 810 is greater than or equal to the threshold, the fourth device 840 may decide to select sector "4" to transmit the signal. In such situations, transmitting the signal via sector "4" results in the estimated interference at both the first device 810 and the second device 820 being less than (or equal to) the threshold. In this example, the original estimated interference at the second device 820 may have been less than (or equal to) the threshold; and therefore, changing the transmission sector from "3" to "4" is due to the change in the first device 810 Estimated interference not at the second device 820. Accordingly, the fourth device 840 may proceed to transmit a signal (for example, a CTS frame) to the third device 830 via the sector "4" according to the modified transmission scheme.

As another example of modifying the proposed transmission scheme, the fourth device 840 may reduce the transmission power of the proposed transmission scheme to reduce interference at one or both of the first device 810 and the second device 820. For example, the transmission power of the proposed transmission scheme may cause the estimated potential interference at the first device 810 to be greater than or equal to a threshold. However, as a result of reducing the transmission power, the estimated interference at the first device 810 is less than (or equal to) the threshold. Similarly, in this example, the original estimated interference at the second device 820 may have been less than (or equal to) the threshold; and thus, the transmission power reduction is due to the first device 810 instead of the second device 820 The estimated interference. The fourth device 840 may now proceed to transmit a signal (eg, CTS frame) to the third device 830 via the transmission power of the modified transmission scheme. It should be noted that the device 610 may correspond to the devices 710 and 810. Similarly, devices 620, 630, and 640 may correspond to devices 720 and 820, 730 and 830, and 740 and 840, respectively.

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method 900 of wirelessly communicating with another device according to certain aspects of the present case. The method 900 may be implemented by an initiating device (such as a first device (610, 710, 810)), which transmits an RTS-TRN frame 300 to communicate with a destination device (eg, a second device (620, 720, 820)).

The method 900 includes the following steps: the initiating device configures its antenna for transmission in a directional manner generally aimed at the destination device (block 902). For example, the initiating device may have previously communicated with the destination device or intercepted transmissions from the destination device, allowing the initiating device to estimate the direction towards the destination device. In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the transmission processor 224 or 264 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to generate antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n signal, so that the main lobe is roughly aimed at the destination device respectively to generate the antenna radiation pattern. As is well known, the transceivers 226a to 226n or the transceivers 266a to 266n combine the corresponding signals generated by the transmission processor 224 or 264 with different local oscillators having different relative amplitudes/phases (for example, also called weights). The signals are mixed to produce constructive interference to produce a main lobe, constructive and destructive interference to produce a non-main lobe, and destructive interference to produce a zero point.

The method 900 further includes the following steps: when the antenna is configured for directional transmission roughly aimed at the destination device, generating and transmitting RTS-TRN 300 to the destination device via the antenna (including ISF, P _t in the control tail 320, Or _{at least one of G r} -G _t ) (block 904). The information in the control tail 320 (for example, _{at least one of ISF, P t} , or G _r -G _t ) is information that can be used by neighboring (non-destination) devices to estimate potential interference at the originating device Instance. In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 shown in FIG. 2, the transmission data processor 220 or 260 generates the data symbol of the RTS-TRN frame 300 based on the data received from the data source 215 or 255 . The frame builder 222 or 262 generates the RTS-TRN frame 300 including the data symbols associated with the RTS part of the RTS-TRN frame 300 and the beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 322. The transmission processor 224 or 264 serves as an interface for outputting the RTS-TRN frame 300 for transmission to the destination device.

The method 900 further includes the following steps: when the antenna is configured to receive in an omnidirectional manner, receiving the CTS-TRN frame 400 from the destination device via the antenna (including ISF, P _t , or G _r -in the control tail 420 At least one of G _t ) (block 906). The information in the control tail 420 (for example, _{at least one of ISF, P t} , or G _r -G _t ) is information that can be used by neighboring (non-destination) devices to estimate potential interference at the destination device Instance. In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively The signal is received in an omnidirectional manner.

The method 900 further includes the step of: optionally configuring the antenna for orientation to the destination device based on the beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 422 of the CTS-TRN frame 400 received from the destination device Transmission (block 908). Similarly, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the transmission processor 224 or 264 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to generate antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n. Therefore, the main lobe is basically aimed at the destination device to generate the antenna radiation pattern.

The method 900 further includes the following steps: when the antenna is configured for directional transmission aimed at the destination device, generating and transmitting one or more data or control frames to the destination device via the antenna (block 910). Similarly, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 shown in FIG. 2, the transmission data processor 220 or 260 generates the one or more data or control frames based on the data received from the data source 215 or 255 Data symbol. The frame builder 222 or 262 generates the one or more data or control frames. The transmission processor 224 or 264 serves as an interface for outputting the one or more data or control frames for transmission to the destination device.

The method 900 further includes the steps of receiving one or more ACKs from the destination device via the antenna when the antenna is configured to receive in an omnidirectional manner or optionally in a directional manner aimed at the destination device, Data, or ACK and data frame (block 912). In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively The signal is received in an omnidirectional manner. Alternatively, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively, to receive signals in a directional manner aimed at the destination device.

The method 900 further includes the steps of: once the communication with the destination device has stopped, reconfiguring the antenna to receive in an omnidirectional manner (block 914). In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively The signal is received in an omnidirectional manner.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of another exemplary method 1000 of wirelessly communicating with another device according to certain aspects of the present case. The method 1000 can be implemented by a destination device (such as a second device (620, 720, 820)) in response to receiving an RTS-TRN frame 300 from an initiating device (such as the first device (610, 710, 810)) The CTS-TRN frame 400 is transmitted.

The method 1000 includes the steps of configuring its antenna to receive signals in an omnidirectional manner (block 1002). In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively The signal is received in an omnidirectional manner.

The method 1000 further includes the following steps: when the antenna is configured to receive in an omnidirectional manner, receiving the RTS-TRN frame 300 from the initiating device (including ISF, P _t , or G _r -G _{t in the control tail 320} At least one of) (block 1004). The information in the control tail 320 (for example, _{at least one of ISF, P t} , or G _r -G _t ) is information that can be used by neighboring (non-destination) devices to estimate potential interference at the originating device Instance. In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282, the controller 234 or 274, and the receiving data processor 244 or 284 operate together to process the received data respectively. RTS-TRN frame 300 in order to extract data from the RTS-TRN frame 300. This data informs the destination device of the identity of the originating device (for example, based on the data in the transmitter address field 316 of the RTS-TRN frame 300), that the originating device expects to communicate with the destination device (for example, based on the frame The control field 310 indicates that the frame is an RTS type frame), and the destination device is the intended recipient of the RTS-TRN frame 300 (for example, based on the receiver address field of the RTS-TRN frame 300) 314 information).

The method 1000 further includes the following steps: optionally, based on the beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 322 of the received RTS-TRN frame 300, the antenna is configured to be used to basically aim at the initiating device in a directional manner Perform transmission (block 1006). In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the transmission processor 224 or 264 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to generate antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n signal, so that the main lobe is basically aimed at the starting device to generate the antenna radiation pattern.

The method 1000 further includes the following steps: when the antenna is configured to aim at the directional transmission of the initiating device, generating and transmitting a CTS-TRN frame 400 to the initiating device via the antenna (in the control tail 420 includes ISF, P _t , Or _{at least one of G r} -G _t ) (block 1008). The information in the control tail 420 (for example, _{at least one of ISF, P t} , or G _r -G _t ) is information that can be used by neighboring (non-destination) devices to estimate potential interference at the destination device Instance. In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 shown in FIG. 2, the transmission data processor 220 or 260 generates the data symbol of the CTS-TRN frame 400 based on the data received from the data source 215 or 255 . The frame builder 222 or 262 generates the CTS-TRN frame 400 including the data symbols associated with the CTS part of the CTS-TRN frame 400 and the beam training sequence in the beam training sequence field 422. The transmission processor 224 or 264 serves as an interface for outputting the CTS-TRN frame 400 for transmission to the initiating device.

The method 1000 further includes the following steps: when the antenna is configured to receive in an omnidirectional manner or optionally based on a beam training sequence previously received via the RTS-TRN frame 300 to receive in a directional manner that is basically aimed at the initiating device At this time, one or more data or control frames are received from the destination device via the antenna (block 1010). In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively The signal is received in an omnidirectional manner. Alternatively, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively, to receive signals in a directional manner aimed at the initiator. In addition, in this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282, the controller 234 or 274, and the receiving data processor 244 or 284 operate together to process all of them, respectively. One or more received data or control frames to extract information from.

The method 1000 further includes the following steps: when the antenna is configured for directional transmission aimed at the initiating device, generating and transmitting one or more ACKs, data, or ACK and data frames to the initiating device via the antenna (block 1012) . Similarly, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 shown in FIG. 2, the transmission data processor 220 or 260 generates the one or more data or control frames based on the data received from the data source 215 or 255 Data symbol. The frame builder 222 or 262 generates the one or more data or control frames. The transmission processor 224 or 264 serves as an interface for outputting the one or more data or control frames for transmission to the initiating device.

The method 1000 further includes the following steps: once the communication with the initiating device is completed, the antenna is reconfigured to receive in an omnidirectional manner (block 1014). In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may configure the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to configure the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively The signal is received in an omnidirectional manner.

Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method 1100 for reducing or eliminating interference at a wireless device in accordance with certain aspects of the present case. The method 1100 may be implemented by a neighboring device of the originating device or the destination device. For example, the method 1100 can be implemented at the third device (630, 730, 830) to reduce or eliminate the problem of the first device (610, 710, 810) due to the proposed transmission scheme selected by the third device (630, 730, 830). ) Or the interference caused by the second device (620, 720, 820). Similarly, the method 1100 can be implemented at the fourth device (640, 740, 840) to reduce or eliminate the problem of the first device (610, 710, 710, 710, 710, 710, 710, 710, 810) or the interference caused by the second device (620, 720, 820).

The method 1100 includes the following steps: receiving an RTS-TRN frame 300 or a CTS-TRN frame 400 from a neighboring device (block 1102). The RTS-TRN frame 300 or the CTS frame 400 may have been received by an antenna configured to receive in an omnidirectional manner. In this regard, referring to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120 illustrated in FIG. 2, the receiving processor 242 or 282 may have configured the transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n to connect the antennas 230a to 230n or 270a to 270n, respectively. It is configured to receive signals in an omnidirectional manner.

The method 1100 further includes the following steps: generating an indication of the power level of the RTS-TRN frame 300 or the CTS-TRN frame 400 at the receiver input and processing the frame to extract the time information in the time field 312 or 412, and Control at least one of ISF, P _t , or G _r -G _t information in the tail 320 or 420 (block 1104). In this regard, the receiving processor 242 or 282 can operate together with the controller 234 or 274 to determine the input of the RTS-TRN frame 300 or the CTS-TRN frame 400 of one or more transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n The cumulative power level at the location. Additionally, the receiving processor 242 or 282 can operate together with the controller 234 or 274 and the receiving data processor 244 or 284 to extract chronological information and ISF, P _t from the RTS-TRN frame 300 or CTS-TRN frame 400, Or at least one of _{G r} -G _{t information.}

The method 1100 further includes the following steps: storing power level indication, duration information, and _{at least one of ISF, P t} , or G _r -G _t information for potential subsequent use in estimating the transmission RTS based on the proposed transmission scheme -Potential interference at neighboring devices of TRN frame 300 or CTS-TRN frame 400 (block 1106). In this regard, the controller 234 or the controller 274 may store the aforementioned information in the memory device 236 or 276, respectively.

The method 1100 further includes the following steps: deciding on a proposed transmission scheme (including transmission power and reciprocity factor) for transmitting a signal (for example, an RTS frame or a CTS frame) to the target device (block 1108). This can be, for example, that the third device (630, 730, 830) selects the proposed transmission scheme for sending RTS frames to the fourth device (640, 740, 840); or the fourth device (640, 740, 840) The proposed transmission scheme for sending the CTS frame to the third device (630, 730, 830) is selected, as previously discussed. In this regard, the controller 234 or 274 may determine the proposed transmission scheme, which includes the transmission power used for transmission to the target device and the antenna radiation pattern. The reciprocity factor is based on the selected antenna radiation pattern.

The method 1100 further includes the following steps: determining whether the neighboring device transmitting the RTS-TRN frame 300 or the CTS-TRN frame 400 is communicating based on the duration information in the duration field 312 or 412, respectively (block 1110). In this regard, the controller 234 or the controller 274 can access the elapsed time information from the memory device 236 or 276 to determine whether the neighboring device is communicating.

In block 1112, if it is determined that the neighboring device is not communicating, the method 1100 further includes the following steps: transmitting a signal (for example, an RTS frame or a CTS frame) to the target device according to the proposed transmission scheme (block 1118). In this regard, data source 215 or 255, transmission data processor 220 or 260, frame builder 222 or 262, transmission processor 224 or 264, transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n, and antennas 230a to 230n or 270a Operate together to 270n to transmit signals to the target device (for example, RTS frame or CTS frame).

In another aspect, at block 1112, if it is determined that the neighboring device is communicating, the method 1100 includes the following steps: based on _{at least one of ISF, P t} , or G _t -G _r and the proposed transmission scheme to estimate the (transmission) Potential interference at neighboring equipment (block 1114) in the RTS-TRN frame 300 or CTS-TRN frame 400). For example, any suitable equation in Equations 1-4 can be used to estimate the potential interference at neighboring devices. In this regard, the controller 234 or 274 can access the received power level indication, ISF, P _t , or G _{t of the RTS-TRN frame 300 or CTS-TRN frame 400 from the corresponding memory device 236 or 276} -At _{least one of G r} , and the transmission power and reciprocity factor of the proposed transmission scheme, and generate the estimated transmission scheme based on the aforementioned information.

The method 1100 further includes the step of determining whether the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold (block 1116). As previously discussed, if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to the threshold, the proposed transmission scheme may adversely affect the communication of neighboring devices associated with the received RTS-TRN frame 300 or CTS-TRN frame 400 . In another aspect, if the estimated potential interference is less than (or equal to) the threshold, the proposed transmission scheme may not adversely affect the neighbors associated with the received RTS-TRN frame 300 or CTS-TRN frame 400. Device communication.

In block 1116, if it is determined that the estimated potential interference is less than (or equal to) the threshold, the method 1100 further includes the following steps: transmitting a signal (for example, an RTS frame or a CTS frame) to the target device according to the proposed transmission scheme (block 1118 ). The operations specified in block 1118 also assume that the estimated potential interference to devices communicating with neighboring devices is less than (or equal to) the threshold. In this regard, data source 215 or 255, transmission data processor 220 or 260, frame builder 222 or 262, transmission processor 224 or 264, transceivers 226a to 226n or 266a to 266n, and antennas 230a to 230n or 270a Operate together to 270n to transmit signals to the target device (for example, RTS frame or CTS frame).

In another aspect, at block 1116, if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to the threshold, the method 1100 includes the following steps: performing actions to eliminate or reduce potential interference at neighboring devices (block 1120). For example, the device can decide to cancel the transmission of signals to the target device (for example, RTS frame or CTS frame). The device can delay transmitting the signal to the target device until the neighboring device stops communicating based on the duration information in the duration field 312 or 412 of the RTS-TRN frame 300 or CTS-TRN frame 400, respectively.

Alternatively, the device may change the proposed transmission scheme to reduce the estimated interference at neighboring devices to be less than (or equal to) the threshold. For example, the device can change the transmission sector used to transmit the signal (for example, RTS frame or CTS frame) to reduce the estimated interference to less than (or equal to) a threshold. In this regard, the controller 234 or 274 operates together with the transmission processor 224 or 264 to change the transmission sector. For example, the device can generate the antenna weight vector (AWV) and the corresponding transmission power value used to generate the signal, so that the estimated interference is reduced to less than (or equal to) the threshold.

As another example, the device may change the transmission power of the proposed transmission scheme to reduce the transmission power, thereby reducing the estimated interference at neighboring devices to be less than (or equal to) a threshold. In this regard, the controller 234 or 274 operates together with the transmission processor 224 or 264 to change the transmission power.

Figure 12 illustrates an exemplary device 1200 according to certain aspects of the present case. The device 1200 may be configured to operate in an access point (eg, access point 110) or an access terminal 120 (eg, access terminal 120a) and perform one or more operations described herein. The device 1200 includes a processing system 1220 and a memory device 1210 coupled to the processing system 1220. In the example of the access point 110, the processing system 1220 may include one of a transmission data processor 220, a frame builder 222, a transmission processor 224, a controller 234, a reception data processor 244, and a reception processor 242 Or more. Still referring to the example of the access point 110, the memory device 1210 may include one or more of the memory device 236 and the data slot 246. Still referring to the example of the access point 110, the transmission/reception interface may include a bus interface, a transmission data processor 220, a transmission processor 224, a reception data processor 244, a reception processor 242, transceivers 226a to 226n, and an antenna 230a To one or more of 230n.

In the example of the access terminal 120, the processing system 1220 may include one of a transmission data processor 260, a frame builder 262, a transmission processor 264, a controller 274, a reception data processor 284, and a reception processor 282 Or more. Still referring to the example of the access terminal 120, the memory device 1210 may include one or more of the memory device 276 and the data slot 286. Still referring to the example of the access terminal 120, the transmission/reception interface 1230 may include a bus interface, a transmission data processor 260, a transmission processor 264, a reception data processor 284, a reception processor 282, transceivers 266a to 266n, and an antenna One or more of 270a to 270n.

The memory device 1210 can store instructions that, when executed by the processing system 1220, cause the processing system 1220 to perform one or more operations described herein. An exemplary implementation of the processing system 1220 is provided below. The device 1200 also includes a transmission/reception circuit system coupled to the processing system 1220, which may be referred to as a transmission/reception interface 1230 herein. The transmission/reception interface 1230 (eg, interface bus) may be configured to interface the processing system 1220 to a radio frequency (RF) front end or transmission/reception interface 1230, as discussed further below.

In some aspects, the processing system 1220 may include one or more of the following: a transmission data processor (for example, a transmission data processor 220 or 260), a frame builder (for example, a frame builder 222 or 262), A transmission processor (eg, transmission processor 224 or 264) and/or a controller (eg, controller 234 or 274) for performing one or more operations described herein. In these aspects, the processing system 1220 can generate a frame and output the frame to the RF front-end for wireless transmission (for example, to the access point 110 or the access terminal 120).

In some aspects, the processing system 1220 may include one or more of the following: a receiving processor (for example, receiving processor 242 or 282), a receiving data processor (for example, receiving data processor 244 or 284), and/or Controllers (eg, controllers 234 and 274) for performing one or more operations described herein. In these aspects, the processing system 1220 can receive a frame from the RF front-end and process the frame according to any one or more of the aspects discussed above.

In the case of the access terminal 120, the device 1200 may include a user interface 1240 coupled to the processing system 1220. The user interface 1240 may be configured to receive data from the user (for example, via a keypad, mouse, joystick, etc.) and provide the data to the processing system 1220. The user interface 1240 may also be configured to output data from the processing system 1220 to the user (eg, via a display, speakers, etc.). In this case, the data can undergo additional processing before being output to the user. In the case of the access point 110, the user interface 1240 may be omitted.

Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary method 1300 for determining potential interference according to certain aspects of the present case. The method 1300 may be implemented by a neighboring device of the originating device or the destination device. For example, the method 1300 may be implemented at the third device (630, 730, 830) to reduce or eliminate the problem of the first device (610, 710, 810) due to the proposed transmission scheme selected by the third device (630, 730, 830). ) Or the interference caused by the second device (620, 720, 820). Similarly, the method 1300 can be implemented at the fourth device (640, 740, 840) to reduce or eliminate the problem of the first device (610, 710, 710, 710, 810) or the interference caused by the second device (620, 720, 820).

The method includes the following steps: generating at least one frame including information, and at least one first wireless node can estimate the potential interference at a device configured to transmit the at least one frame based on the information (block 1302), followed by The at least one frame is output for transmission to at least one second wireless node (block 1304).

FIG. 14 illustrates an apparatus 1400 for wireless communication corresponding to the exemplary method of FIG. 13. The device 1400 for wireless communication may include a component 1402 for generating at least one frame including information, and at least one first wireless node can estimate the potential interference at the device configured to transmit the at least one frame based on the information. . For example, the information may include one or more additional bits in one or more fields indicating potential interference. In another example, the size and field configuration of the frame can be an indication of potential interference.

The apparatus 1400 for wireless communication may include a means for output 1404 coupled to a means for generating 1402, which is configured to output the at least one frame for transmission to at least one second wireless node. For example, the means for generating 1402 (for example, the processing system 1220) may communicate the at least one frame to be transmitted to the means for output 1404 (for example, the transmission/reception interface 1230). The output means 1404 can transmit the at least one frame to another device for wireless communication.

FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary method 1500 for performing communication operations based on potential interference according to certain aspects of the present case. The method 1500 may be implemented by a neighboring device of the originating device or the destination device. For example, the method 1500 can be implemented at the third device (630, 730, 830) to reduce or eliminate the problem of the first device (610, 710, 810) due to the proposed transmission scheme selected by the third device (630, 730, 830). ) Or the interference caused by the second device (620, 720, 820). Similarly, the method 1500 can be implemented at the fourth device (640, 740, 840) to reduce or eliminate the problem of the transmission scheme selected by the fourth device (640, 740, 840) in the first device (610, 710, 810) or the interference caused by the second device (620, 720, 820).

The method includes the following steps: receiving at least one first frame from a first wireless node (block 1502), based on the information in the at least one first frame and a method for transmitting at least one second frame to the second wireless node The proposed transmission scheme estimates the potential interference at the first wireless node (block 1504), and performs operations based on the estimated potential interference (block 1506).

FIG. 16 illustrates an apparatus 1600 for wireless communication corresponding to the exemplary method of FIG. 15. The apparatus 1600 for wireless communication may include a member 1602 for receiving at least one first frame from a first wireless node. For example, the means for receiving at least one first frame may include a transmission/reception interface 1230, which may receive the first frame through wireless communication with the access point 110 and/or the access terminal 120.

The apparatus 1600 for wireless communication may include a method for estimating the location at the first wireless node based on the information in the at least one first frame and the proposed transmission scheme for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node. The potentially interfering member 1604. For example, the means for estimation 1604 may include a processing system 1220 and a memory device 1210. The estimation of potential interference may include based on known values associated with the information provided in the at least one first frame (for example, identifier data, or any other part of the RTS/CTS portion of the frame) estimate.

The apparatus 1600 for wireless communication may include means 1606 for performing operations based on the estimated potential interference. For example, the components used for execution may include a processing system 1220, a memory device 1210, and/or a transmission/reception interface 1230. Performing operations may include transmitting data associated with interference or potential interference at a specific node via the transmission/reception interface 1230.

The apparatus 1600 for wireless communication may include means 1606 for performing operations based on the estimated potential interference.

The various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing corresponding functions. These components may include various hardware and/or software components and/or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or processors. Generally speaking, where there are operations illustrated in the drawings, these operations may have corresponding pairing means functional elements with similar numbers. For example, operations 1300 and 1500 illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 15 correspond to the members 1400 and 1600 illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 16.

For example, the controller (234 and 274) and the processing system 1220 are respectively examples of components that configure a subset of a plurality of RF receiver chains coupled to corresponding antennas to receive in an omnidirectional manner. The controller (234 and 274), the receiving processor (242 and 282), the receiving data processor (244 and 284), and the processing system 1220 are respectively used to determine whether the subset of the RF receiver chain is configured to perform in an omnidirectional manner. An example of a component of the first energy level of at least one signal received via the subset when receiving. The controller (234 and 274), the receiving processor (242 and 282), the receiving data processor (244 and 284), and the processing system 1220 are used to configure the plurality of RF receiver chains to be directed based on the first energy level. An instance of the component that is received locally from the target device. The controller (234 and 274), the receiving processor (242 and 282), the receiving data processor (244 and 284), and the processing system 1220 are used to determine when the RF receiver chain is configured to directionally receive from the target device An example of a component of the second energy level of at least one signal received via the RF receiver chain. The controller (234 and 274) and the processing system 1220 are respectively examples of means for generating data from the at least one signal based on the second energy level.

The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are respectively examples of components for generating a first frame including a request to send (RTS) part and a first beam training sequence. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively examples of components for outputting the first frame for transmission to the device. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are respectively examples of members for configuring the antenna to transmit the first frame in a directional manner. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are respectively examples of members for configuring the antenna to transmit the first frame with an antenna radiation pattern that is substantially aimed at the main lobe of the device.

The processing system 1220, the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n, and the receiving processors 242 and 282 are respectively examples of components for receiving a second frame from the device in response to transmitting the first frame, wherein the second signal The box includes a clear to send (CTS) part and a second beam training sequence. The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are respectively examples of components for generating one or more data frames in response to receiving the second frame. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively examples of components used to output the one or more data frames for transmission to the device.

The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transceivers 226a to 226n, 266a to 266n are respectively used to configure the antenna based on the second beam training sequence to transmit the one or more antenna transmission radiation patterns with an antenna basically aimed at the main lobe of the device. An instance of the component of a data frame. The processing system 1220, the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n, and the receiving processors (242 and 282) are respectively used to receive one or more acknowledgments (ACK) from the device in response to the transmission of the one or more data frames. ) An instance of the component of the frame. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are respectively used to configure the antenna based on the second beam training sequence to have an antenna radiation pattern basically aimed at the main lobe of the device to receive the one or more An example of the components of the ACK frame 500.

The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are examples of components for generating a first frame including a clear to send (CTS) part and a first beam training sequence, respectively. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively examples of components for outputting the first frame for transmission to the device. The processing system 1220, the controller (234 and 274), and the frame builder (222 and 262) are examples of components used to generate the first frame in response to receiving a request to send (RTS) frame from the device .

The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are respectively examples of members for configuring the antenna to receive the RTS frame in an omnidirectional manner. The processing system 1220, the controller (234 and 274), and the frame builder (222 and 262) are respectively used to generate in response to receiving a second frame including a request to send (RTS) part and a second beam training sequence An example of the components of the first frame. The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are used to receive one or more data frames from the device in response to the transmission of the first frame. Instance.

The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are respectively used to configure the antenna based on the second frame including the RTS part and the second beam training sequence to have An example of a component that is basically aimed at the antenna radiation pattern of the main lobe of the device to receive the one or more data frames. The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are respectively examples of components for generating one or more acknowledgement (ACK) frames 500 in response to receiving the one or more data frames. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively examples of components for outputting the one or more ACK frames 500 for transmission to the device. The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are respectively used to configure the antenna based on the second frame including the RTS part and the second beam training sequence to have An example of the component of the one or more ACK frames 500 is basically aimed at the antenna radiation pattern of the main lobe of the device.

The processing system 1220 and the receiving processor (242 and 282) are components for receiving the first frame including the first request to send (RTS) part and the first beam training sequence from the first device (610, 710, 810), respectively Instance. The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are examples of components for configuring the antenna to the first configuration based on the first beam training sequence, respectively. The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are examples of components used to generate the second frame, respectively. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively components for outputting the second frame for transmission to the second device (620, 720, 820) via the antenna when the antenna is configured in the first configuration Instance.

The processing system 1220 and the controller (234 and 274) are respectively used to determine that the first device (610, 710, 810) will communicate with the third device (630, 730, 830) based on the first RTS part of the first frame An instance of the diachronic widget. The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are used to respond to the decision based on the duration that the first device (610, 710, 810) is no longer with the third device (630, 730, 830) Examples of communication to reconfigure the antenna as a member of the second configuration. The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are respectively examples of components used to generate the third frame. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively components for outputting a third frame for transmission to the second device (620, 720, 820) via the antenna when the antenna is configured in the second configuration Instance.

The processing system 1220 and the receiving processor (242 and 282) are respectively examples of members for receiving a third frame including a clear to send (CTS) part and a second beam training sequence from a third device (630, 730, 830) . The processing system 1220 and the controller (234 and 274) are used to determine the first device (610, 710, 810) based on at least one of the first RTS part of the first frame or the CTS part of the third frame, respectively Examples of time-consuming components that will communicate with the third device (630, 730, 830). The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are used to respond to the decision based on the duration that the first device (610, 710, 810) is no longer with the third device (630, 730, 830) Examples of communication to reconfigure the antenna as a member of the second configuration. The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are respectively examples of components used to generate the third frame. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively components for outputting a third frame for transmission to the second device (620, 720, 820) via the antenna when the antenna is configured in the second configuration Instance.

The processing system 1220 and the receiving processor (242 and 282) are components for receiving the first frame including the first clear to send (CTS) part and the first beam training sequence from the first device (610, 710, 810), respectively Instance. The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are examples of components for configuring the antenna to the first configuration based on the first beam training sequence, respectively. The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are examples of components used to generate the second frame, respectively. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively components for outputting the second frame for transmission to the second device (620, 720, 820) via the antenna when the antenna is configured in the first configuration Instance.

The processing system 1220 and the controller (234 and 274) are respectively used to determine that the first device (610, 710, 810) will communicate with the third device (630, 730, 830) based on the first CTS part of the first frame An instance of the diachronic widget. The transmission/reception interface 1230, the controller (234 and 274), and the transceivers 226a to 226n and 266a to 266n are used to respond to the decision based on the duration that the first device (610, 710, 810) is no longer with the third device (630, 730, 830) Examples of communication to reconfigure the antenna as a member of the second configuration. The processing system 1220 and the frame builder (222 and 262) are respectively examples of components used to generate the third frame. The transmission/reception interface 1230 and the transmission processor (224 and 264) are respectively components for outputting a third frame for transmission to the second device (620, 720, 820) via the antenna when the antenna is configured in the second configuration Instance.

In some cases, the device may not actually transmit the frame, but may have an interface (a component for output) for outputting the frame for transmission. For example, the processing system 1220 may output a frame for transmission to an RF front end (which is also referred to as a transmission/reception interface 1230 herein) via a bus interface. Similarly, a device may not actually receive a frame, but may have an interface (a component for obtaining) for obtaining a frame received from another device. For example, the processor can obtain (or receive) a frame for reception from the RF front-end via the bus interface.

The processing system 1220 and one or more of the transmission processor (224 and 264) and the controller (234 and 274) are examples of means for modifying the proposed transmission scheme via changing the transmission power, respectively. In some aspects, the processing system 1220, transmission data processors (220 and 260), frame builders (222 and 262), transmission processors (224 or 264) and/or controllers (234 and 274) are An example of a component used to perform operations based on estimated potential interference. In other aspects, the processing system 1220, the receiving processor (242 and 282), the receiving data processor (244 or 284), and/or the controller (234 and 274) are used to perform operations based on the estimated potential interference Examples of widgets. The processing system 1220 and one or more of the transmission processor (224 and 264) and the controller (234 and 274) are examples of means for estimating potential interference at the first wireless node, respectively.

As used herein, the term "decision" covers a variety of actions. For example, "decisions" can include calculations, calculations, processing, derivations, research, inspections (for example, inspections in tables, databases, or other data structures), detection, and the like. Moreover, "decision" can include receiving (for example, receiving information), accessing (for example, accessing data in memory), and the like. Moreover, "decision" can also include analysis, selection, selection, establishment and similar actions.

As used herein, a phrase quoting "at least one" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including individual members. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, and any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac , Abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

Combining the various descriptive logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in this case can be designed to perform the functions described in this article as general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), special application integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable Design gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof to realize or execute. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in cooperation with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The steps of the method or algorithm described in this case can be implemented directly in the hardware, in the software module executed by the processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module can reside in any form of storage media known in the art. Some examples of storage media that can be used include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electronically erasable Programming read-only memory (EEPROM), register, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, etc. The software module may include a single command, or perhaps many commands, and may be distributed on several different code fragments, distributed among different programs, and distributed across multiple storage media. The storage medium can be coupled to the processor so that the processor can read and write information from/to the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor.

The methods disclosed herein include one or more steps or actions for achieving the described methods. These method steps and/or actions can be interchanged with each other without departing from the scope of the claim. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions can be changed without departing from the scope of the claim.

The described functions can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in hardware, the exemplary hardware configuration may include a processing system in a wireless node. The processing system can be implemented with a bus architecture. Depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints, the bus bar may include any number of interconnecting bus bars and bridges. The bus can connect various circuits including a processor, a machine readable medium, and a bus interface together. The bus interface can be used especially to connect network adapters and the like to the processing system via the bus. The network adapter can be used to realize the signal processing function of the physical (PHY) layer. In the case of the access terminal 120 (for example, see FIGS. 1, 2 and 12), a user interface (for example, a keypad, a display, a mouse, a joystick, etc.) may also be connected to the bus interface. The bus bar can also be connected to various other circuits (such as timing sources, peripheral devices, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc.), which are well known in the art, and therefore will not be described in detail.

The processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including executing software stored on machine-readable media. The processor can be implemented with one or more general-purpose and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software. Software should be interpreted broadly to mean commands, data, or any combination thereof, whether it is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other. As an example, machine-readable media may include RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read only memory), PROM (programmable read only memory), EPROM (erasable and programmable Design read-only memory), EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable read-only memory), register, floppy disk, optical disc, hard drive, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof. The machine readable medium can be implemented in a computer program product. The computer program product may include packaging materials.

In hardware implementation, the machine-readable medium may be a separate part of the processing system from the processor. However, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the machine-readable medium or any part thereof may be external to the processing system. As examples, machine-readable media may include transmission lines, carrier waves modulated by data, and/or computer products separated from wireless nodes, all of which can be accessed by the processor through the bus interface. Alternatively or in addition, the machine readable medium or any part thereof may be integrated into the processor, such as cache memory and/or general purpose register files, which may be the case.

The processing system may be configured as a general-purpose processing system, the general-purpose processing system having one or more microprocessors providing processor functionality, and an external memory providing at least a portion of a machine-readable medium, all of which are The external bus structure is connected with other supporting circuit systems. Alternatively, the processing system can be an ASIC (special application) with a processor integrated in a single chip, a bus interface, a user interface (in the case of an access terminal), a supporting circuit system, and at least a part of machine-readable media. Integrated circuit), or use one or more FPGA (field programmable gate array), PLD (programmable logic device), controller, state machine, gate control logic, individual hardware components, or any other A suitable circuit system, or any combination of circuits that can perform the various functionalities described throughout this case. Depending on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system, those skilled in the art will recognize how to best implement the functionality described with respect to the processing system.

The machine readable medium may include several software modules. The software modules include instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions. Such software modules may include transmission modules and receiving modules. Each software module can reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices. As an example, when a trigger event occurs, the software module can be loaded into RAM from the hard drive. During the execution of the software module, the processor can load some instructions into the cache to increase the access speed. One or more cache lines can then be loaded into the general register file for execution by the processor. When describing the functionality of a software module below, it will be understood that such functionality is implemented by the processor when the processor executes instructions from the software module.

If implemented by software, each function can be stored on a computer readable medium or transmitted through it as one or more commands or codes. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media. Such media includes any media that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. The storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store instructions or data structures The desired code and any other media that can be accessed by the computer. Any connection is also legitimately referred to as computer readable media. For example, if the software uses coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology (such as infrared (IR), radio, and microwave) from a web site, server, or other remote source Transmitted, the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave) are included in the definition of the media. Disks and discs as used in this article include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVD), floppy discs and Blu-ray® discs, among which disks are often Magnetically reproduce data, and a disc (disc) uses lasers to optically reproduce data. Therefore, in some aspects, computer-readable media may include non-transitory computer-readable media (eg, tangible media). In addition, for other aspects, the computer-readable medium may include a temporary computer-readable medium (for example, a signal). The above combination should also be included in the category of computer readable media.

Therefore, certain aspects may include computer program products for performing the operations provided herein. For example, such a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium with instructions stored (and/or encoded) thereon, and the instructions can be executed by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein. For some aspects, the computer program product may include packaging materials.

In addition, it should be appreciated that the modules and/or other suitable components used to implement the methods and techniques described in this document can be downloaded and/or obtained in other ways by the access terminal and/or base station where applicable. For example, such devices can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, the various methods described herein can be provided via storage means (for example, RAM, ROM, physical storage media such as compact discs (CD) or floppy disks, etc.) so that once the storage means is coupled to or Provided to the access terminal and/or base station, the device can obtain various methods. In addition, any other suitable technology suitable for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device may be utilized.

It will be understood that the claimed items are not limited to the precise configuration and elements described above. Various changes, replacements and deformations can be made in the layout, operation and details of the method and device described above without departing from the scope of the claims.

100‧‧‧Wireless communication system 110‧‧‧Access point 120a‧‧‧Access terminal 120b‧‧‧Access terminal 120c‧‧‧Access terminal 120d‧‧‧Access terminal 120e‧‧‧Access terminal 120f ‧‧‧Access Terminal 120g‧‧‧Access Terminal 120h‧‧‧Access Terminal 120i‧‧‧Access Terminal 130‧‧‧System Controller 150‧‧‧Backbone Network 215‧‧‧Data Source 220‧‧ ‧Transmission data processor 222‧‧‧Frame builder 224‧‧‧Transmission processor 226a‧‧‧Transceiver 226n‧‧‧Transceiver 230a‧‧‧antenna 230n‧‧‧antenna 234‧‧‧controller 236‧ ‧‧Memory device 242‧‧‧Receiving processor 244‧‧‧Receiving data processor 246‧‧‧Data slot 255‧‧‧Data source 260‧‧‧Transmitting data processor 262‧‧‧Frame builder 264‧ ‧‧Transmission processor 266a‧‧‧Transceiver 266n‧‧‧Transceiver 270a‧‧‧antenna 270n‧‧‧antenna 274‧‧‧controller 276‧‧‧memory device 282‧‧‧receiving processor 284‧‧ ‧Receive data processor 286‧‧‧Data slot 300‧‧‧RTS-TRN frame 310‧‧‧Frame control field 312‧‧‧Duration field 314‧‧‧Receiver address field 316‧‧‧ Transmitter address field 318‧‧‧Frame check sequence field 320‧‧‧Control tail field 322‧‧‧Beam training sequence field 400‧‧‧CTS-TRN frame 410‧‧‧Frame control Field 412‧‧‧Duration field 414‧‧‧Receiver address field 418‧‧‧Frame check sequence field 420‧‧‧Control tailing 422‧‧‧Beam training sequence field 500‧‧‧ACK Frame 510‧‧‧Frame control field 512‧‧‧Duration field 514‧‧‧Receiver address field 518‧‧‧Frame check sequence field 600‧‧‧Communication system 610‧‧‧First Equipment 620‧‧‧Second equipment 630‧‧‧Third equipment 640‧‧‧Fourth equipment 700‧‧‧Communication system 710‧‧‧First equipment 720‧‧‧Second equipment 730‧‧‧Third equipment 740 ‧‧‧Fourth device 800‧‧‧Communication system 810‧‧‧First device 820‧‧‧Second device 830‧‧‧Third device 840‧‧‧Fourth device 900‧‧‧Method 902‧‧‧Block 904‧‧‧Block 906‧‧‧Block 908‧‧‧Block 910‧‧‧Block 912‧‧‧Block 914‧‧‧Block 1000 1008‧‧‧Box 1010‧‧‧Box 1012 ‧‧Block 1112‧‧‧Block 1114‧‧‧Block 1116‧‧‧Block 1118‧‧‧Block 1120‧‧‧Block 1200 Transmission/reception interface 1240‧‧‧User interface 1300‧‧‧Method 1302‧‧‧Block 1304‧‧‧Block 1400‧‧‧Device for wireless communication 1402‧‧‧Building for generation 1404‧‧‧Use Component 1500‧‧‧Method 1502‧‧‧Block 1504‧‧‧Block 1506‧‧‧Block 1600‧‧‧Device for wireless communication 1602‧‧‧Component 1604‧‧‧Component 1606‧ for estimation ‧‧member

Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system according to an aspect of the present case.

Fig. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary access point and a user terminal according to another aspect of the present application.

FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary modified request to send (RTS) frame according to another aspect of the case.

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary modified clear to send (CTS) frame according to another aspect of the present case.

FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary modified acknowledgement (ACK) frame according to another aspect of the present case.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communication system in the first configuration according to another aspect of the present case.

FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communication system in a second configuration according to another aspect of the present case.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communication system in a third configuration according to another aspect of the present case.

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method of wirelessly communicating with another device according to certain aspects of the present case.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of another exemplary method of wirelessly communicating with another device according to certain aspects of the present case.

Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for reducing or eliminating interference at a wireless device according to certain aspects of the present case.

Figure 12 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary device according to certain aspects of the present case.

FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of another exemplary method of wirelessly communicating with another device according to certain aspects of the present case.

FIG. 14 illustrates elements capable of performing the operations shown in FIG. 13 according to certain aspects of the present case.

FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of another exemplary method of wirelessly communicating with another device according to certain aspects of the present case.

FIG. 16 illustrates elements capable of performing the operations shown in FIG. 15 according to certain aspects of the present case.

Domestic hosting information (please note in the order of hosting organization, date, and number) None

Foreign hosting information (please note in the order of hosting country, institution, date, and number) None

900‧‧‧Method

902‧‧‧Block

904‧‧‧Block

906‧‧‧Block

908‧‧‧Block

910‧‧‧Block

912‧‧‧Block

914‧‧‧Block

Claims (85)

An initiating wireless node for wireless communication includes: a processing system configured to generate at least one frame including information, and at least one neighboring wireless node can estimate a location at the initiating wireless node based on the information Potential interference, where the information includes an interference sensitivity factor (ISF), a transmission power and a reciprocity factor of the initiating wireless node of the ISF; and an interface configured to output the at least one frame for transmission To at least one destination wireless node. Such as the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the transmission power is associated with transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one destination wireless node. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the at least one frame includes a plurality of frames, and wherein the ISF relates to a plurality of transmission powers respectively used to transmit the plurality of frames. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 3, wherein the ISF relates to an average value or maximum value of the transmission powers used to transmit the plurality of frames. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the reciprocity factor is related to and respectively used for transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one destination wireless node and receiving at least one other frame from the at least one destination wireless node An antenna associated with an antenna transmission Input gain and an antenna receive gain. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the transmission power is associated with transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one destination wireless node, and the reciprocity factor is used to transmit the at least one destination wireless node to the at least one destination wireless node. At least one frame is associated with an antenna that receives at least one other frame from the at least one destination wireless node. Such as the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the ISF relates to a receiving sensitivity for receiving at least one other frame from the at least one destination wireless node. Such as the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the information includes a receiving sensitivity for receiving at least one other frame from the at least one destination wireless node. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the information includes and an antenna respectively used for transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one destination wireless node and receiving at least one other frame from the at least one destination wireless node An antenna reception gain and an antenna transmission gain are associated. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the at least one frame includes a request to send (RTS) frame. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 10, wherein the RTS frame includes a control tail with the information. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 1, wherein the at least one frame includes a clear to send (CTS) frame. For example, the initiating wireless node of claim 12, wherein the CTS frame includes a control tail with the information. A method for wireless communication includes the following steps: generating at least one frame including information, and at least one first wireless node can estimate a potential interference at a device configured to transmit the at least one frame based on the information , Wherein the information includes an interference sensitivity factor (ISF), a transmission power and a reciprocity factor of the ISF regarding the device; and outputting the at least one frame for transmission to at least one second wireless node. The method of claim 14, wherein the transmission power is associated with transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node. Such as the method of claim 14, wherein the at least one frame includes a plurality of frames, and wherein the ISF relates to a plurality of transmission powers respectively used to transmit the plurality of frames. Such as the method of claim 16, wherein the ISF relates to an average value or maximum value of the plurality of transmission powers used to transmit the plurality of frames. Such as the method of claim 14, wherein the reciprocity factor is related to an antenna used for transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node and receiving at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node, respectively An antenna transmission gain and an antenna reception gain are associated. Such as the method of claim 14, wherein the transmission power is associated with transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node, and the reciprocity factor is used to transmit the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node. The frame is associated with an antenna that receives at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node. The method of claim 14, wherein the ISF relates to a receiving sensitivity for receiving at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node. The method of claim 14, wherein the information includes a receiving sensitivity for receiving at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node. The method of claim 14, wherein the information includes information associated with an antenna respectively used for transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node and receiving at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node One antenna reception gain and one antenna transmission gain. Such as the method of claim 14, wherein the at least one frame Includes a request to send (RTS) frame. Such as the method of claim 23, wherein the RTS frame includes a control tail with the information. Such as the method of claim 14, wherein the at least one frame includes a clear to send (CTS) frame. Such as the method of claim 25, wherein the CTS frame includes a control tail with the information. A device for wireless communication includes: a component for generating at least one frame including information, at least one first wireless node can estimate a potential interference at the device based on the information, wherein the information includes an interference A sensitivity factor (ISF), a transmission power and a reciprocity factor of the ISF with respect to the device; and a component for outputting the at least one frame for transmission to at least one second wireless node. Such as the device of claim 27, wherein the transmission power is associated with transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node. Such as the device of claim 27, wherein the at least one frame includes a plurality of frames, and wherein the ISF relates to a plurality of transmission powers respectively used to transmit the plurality of frames. Such as the device of claim 29, where the ISF is related to An average value or maximum value of the plurality of transmission powers used to transmit the plurality of frames. Such as the device of claim 27, wherein the reciprocity factor is related to an antenna used for transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node and receiving at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node, respectively An antenna transmission gain and an antenna reception gain are associated. Such as the device of claim 27, wherein the transmission power is associated with transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node, and the reciprocity factor is used to transmit the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node. The frame is associated with an antenna that receives the at least one frame from the at least one second wireless node. Such as the device of claim 27, wherein the ISF relates to a receiving sensitivity for receiving at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node. The device of claim 27, wherein the information includes a receiving sensitivity for receiving at least one other frame from the at least one second wireless node. The device of claim 27, wherein the information includes an antenna reception gain and an antenna transmission gain associated with an antenna for transmitting the at least one frame to the at least one second wireless node. Such as the device of claim 27, wherein the at least one frame Includes a request to send (RTS) frame. Such as the device of claim 36, wherein the RTS frame includes a control tail with the information. Such as the device of claim 27, wherein the at least one frame includes a clear to send (CTS) frame. Such as the device of claim 38, wherein the CTS frame includes a control tail with the information. An initiating wireless node includes: a processing system configured to generate at least one frame including information, and at least one neighboring wireless node can estimate a potential interference at the initiating wireless node based on the information, wherein the The information includes an interference sensitivity factor (ISF); and a transmitter configured to transmit the at least one frame to at least one destination wireless node; wherein the ISF has a transmission power and a mutual relationship with respect to the initiating wireless node Sex factor. An apparatus for wireless communication includes: an interface configured to receive at least one first frame from a first wireless node; and a processing system coupled to the interface, configured to: based on the at least one Information in the first frame and a proposed transmission for transmitting at least one second frame to a second wireless node Transmission scheme to estimate a potential interference at the first wireless node, wherein the information includes an interference sensitivity factor (ISF), a transmission power and a reciprocity factor of the ISF with respect to the first wireless node; and based on the estimated Of the potential interference to perform an operation. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the transmission power is associated with the transmission of the at least one first frame by the first wireless node. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the at least one first frame includes a plurality of first frames, and wherein the ISF relates to a plurality of transmission powers respectively used to transmit the plurality of first frames. Such as the device of claim 43, wherein the ISF is an average value or maximum value of the plurality of transmission powers used to transmit the plurality of first frames. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the reciprocity factor relates to an antenna transmission gain associated with an antenna used by the first wireless node to transmit the at least one first frame and to receive the at least one third frame, respectively And an antenna receive gain. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the transmission power is associated with the transmission of the at least one first frame by the first wireless node, and the reciprocity factor and the first wireless node are respectively used to transmit the at least one first frame. The frame is associated with an antenna that receives at least one third frame. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the ISF relates to a receiving sensitivity of at least one third frame received by the first wireless node. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the information includes a receiving sensitivity of at least one third frame received by the first wireless node. The device of claim 41, wherein the information includes an antenna reception gain and an antenna transmission associated with an antenna used by the first wireless node to transmit the at least one first frame and receive at least one third frame Gain, and wherein the processing system is configured to estimate the potential interference at the first wireless node based on the information. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the processing system is further configured to estimate the potential interference at the first wireless node based on a received power level of the at least one first frame. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes the transmission power for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node, and wherein the processing system is configured to estimate the transmission power based on the transmission power. This potential interference at the first wireless node. Such as the apparatus of claim 41, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes a method for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node and receiving at least one third frame from the second wireless node The mutuality factor associated with an antenna, and wherein the processing system is configured to estimate the potential interference at the first wireless node based on the mutuality factor. For example, the device of claim 41, wherein the at least one first frame includes a request to send (RTS) frame or a clear to send (CTS) frame, wherein the RTS frame or the CTS frame includes a frame with the information Control tailing. For example, the device of claim 41, wherein the at least one first frame includes a request to send (RTS) frame or a clear to send (CTS) frame, and the processing system is configured to be based on the RTS frame or CTS frame To estimate the potential interference at the first wireless node. For example, the device of claim 41, wherein the operation includes generating the at least one second frame, and wherein the interface is configured to output the at least one second frame if the estimated potential interference is less than or equal to a threshold The proposed transmission scheme is transmitted to the second wireless node. The device of claim 41, wherein the operation includes generating at least one of an antenna weight vector (AWV) or a transmission power value for transmitting the at least one second frame via an antenna set according to the proposed transmission scheme, and Wherein the interface is configured to output the at least one first if the estimated potential interference is less than or equal to a threshold The two frames are transmitted to the second wireless node according to the proposed transmission scheme. For example, the device of claim 41, wherein the at least one first frame further includes time information, and further wherein performing the operation includes generating the at least one second frame if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold value and based on The duration information is outputted to the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the operation includes generating the at least one second frame and modifying the at least one second frame to transmit the at least one second frame to the second wireless node if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold The proposed transmission scheme of, and wherein the interface is configured to output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. Such as the device of claim 58, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes the transmission power for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node, wherein the operation includes generating the at least one second frame and changing The transmission power modifies the proposed transmission scheme, and wherein the interface is configured to output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. The device of claim 58, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes a transmission sector for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node, and the operation includes generating the at least one first frame. Two frames and modify the proposed transmission scheme by changing the transmission sector, and wherein the interface is configured to output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. The device of claim 58, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes an antenna weight vector (AWV) for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node via an antenna set, wherein the operation includes generating the at least A second frame and modify the proposed transmission scheme by changing the AWV, and wherein the interface is configured to output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. Such as the device of claim 41, wherein the ISF is equal to the transmission power plus the reciprocity factor. A method for wireless communication includes the following steps: receiving at least one first frame from a first wireless node; transmitting at least one first frame to a second wireless node based on the information in the at least one first frame A proposed transmission scheme for two frames to estimate a potential interference at the first wireless node, where the information includes an interference sensitivity factor (ISF), the ISF relates to a transmission power and a mutual relationship of the first wireless node Performance factor; and performing an operation based on the estimated potential interference. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the transmission power is related to The at least one first frame is transmitted by the first wireless node. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the at least one first frame includes a plurality of first frames, and wherein the ISF relates to a plurality of transmission powers respectively used to transmit the plurality of first frames. Such as the method of claim 65, wherein the ISF relates to an average value or a maximum value of the plurality of transmission powers used to transmit the plurality of first frames. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the reciprocity factor relates to an antenna transmission gain associated with an antenna used by the first wireless node to transmit the at least one first frame and to receive the at least one third frame, respectively And an antenna receive gain. For example, the method of claim 63, wherein the transmission power is associated with the transmission of the at least one first frame by the first wireless node, and the reciprocity factor is used by the first wireless node to transmit the at least one first frame. The frame is associated with an antenna that receives at least one third frame. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the ISF relates to a receiving sensitivity of at least one third frame received by the first wireless node. The method of claim 63, wherein the information includes a receiving sensitivity of at least one third frame received by the first wireless node. The method of claim 63, wherein the information includes an antenna reception gain and an antenna transmission associated with an antenna used by the first wireless node to transmit the at least one first frame and receive at least one third frame Gain, and wherein estimating the potential interference at the first wireless node is based on the information. The method of claim 63, wherein the estimated potential interference at the first wireless node is based on a received power level of the at least one first frame. The method of claim 63, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes a transmission power for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node, and wherein the potential interference at the first wireless node is estimated to be Based on the transmission power. The method of claim 63, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes being associated with an antenna for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node and receiving at least one third frame from the second wireless node The reciprocity factor of, wherein the potential interference estimated at the first wireless node is based on the reciprocity factor. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the at least one first frame includes a request to send (RTS) frame or a clear to send (CTS) frame, wherein the RTS frame or the CTS frame includes a frame with the information Control tailing. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the at least one first The frame includes a request-to-send (RTS) frame or a clear-to-send (CTS) frame, wherein the potential interference at the first wireless node is estimated based on the duration field of the RTS frame or CTS frame Of information. The method of claim 63, wherein performing the operation includes outputting the at least one second frame to transmit to the second wireless node according to the proposed transmission scheme if the estimated potential interference is less than or equal to a threshold. The method of claim 63, wherein the operation includes generating at least one of an antenna weight vector (AWV) or a transmission power value for transmitting the at least one second frame via an antenna set according to the proposed transmission scheme, and One of the interfaces is configured to output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the proposed transmission scheme if the estimated potential interference is less than or equal to a threshold. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the at least one first frame further includes chronological information, and further wherein performing the operation includes generating the at least one second frame if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold value and based on The duration information is outputted to the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node. Such as the method of claim 63, wherein the step of performing the operation includes the following steps: Generate the at least one second frame; if the estimated potential interference is greater than or equal to a threshold, modify the proposed transmission scheme for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node; and output the at least A second frame is transmitted to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. The method of claim 80, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes the transmission power for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node, and wherein the step of performing the operation includes the following steps: generating the at least one A second frame; modify the proposed transmission scheme by changing the transmission power; and output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. The method of claim 80, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes a transmission sector for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node, and wherein the step of performing the operation includes the following steps: generating the at least one A second frame; modify the proposed transmission scheme by changing the transmission sector; and output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. The method of claim 80, wherein the proposed transmission scheme includes an antenna weight vector (AWV) for transmitting the at least one second frame to the second wireless node via an antenna set, wherein the step of performing the operation includes The following steps: generate the at least one second frame; modify the proposed transmission scheme by changing the AWV; and output the at least one second frame for transmission to the second wireless node according to the modified transmission scheme. A wireless node includes: a receiver configured to receive at least one first frame from a first wireless node; and a processing system coupled to the receiver, configured to: based on the at least one first frame Information in the frame and a proposed transmission scheme for transmitting at least one second frame to a second wireless node to estimate a potential interference at the first wireless node, where the information includes an interference sensitivity factor ( ISF); and perform an operation based on the estimated potential interference; wherein the ISF has a transmission power and a reciprocity factor for the first wireless node. Such as the wireless node of claim 84, wherein the ISF is equal to the transmission power plus the mutuality factor.

Images