TWI695350B - Apparatus and method for detecting smoke within compact footprint detector - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for optically detecting smoke and implementing thereof. Apparatus and methods for detecting the presence of smoke in a small, long-lasting smoke detector are disclosed. Specifically, the present disclosure shows how to build a very compact housing around the smoke detector while keeping the reflections from the housing structure to a very low value while satisfying all the other peripheral needs of fast response to smoke and preventing ambient light. This allows very small measurements of light scattering of the smoke particles to be reliable in a device resistant to the negative effects of dust. In particular, geometrical optical elements, e.g., cap and optical deflection elements, are disclosed.

Description

Device and method for detecting smoke in a detector in a tight coverage area

[References]

This application and the United States Provisional Application No. 62/599,474 filed on December 15, 2017 with the name "COMPACT OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR SYSTEM AND APPARATUS" and the file name filed on November 06, 2018 with the name "COMPACT OPTICAL SMOKE DETECTOR SYSTEM" US APP No. 16/181/878 of AND APPARATUS is related and claims priority, and these two applications are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

This article is about smoke detection. More specifically, this article describes devices and techniques related to optical recognition of smoke in a compact and rugged detector.

The smoke detector is a device that senses smoke and is generally used as an indicator of fire. Commercial security devices send signals to the fire alarm control panel as part of the fire alarm system, and household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms, generally emit regional audible or visual alarms from the detector itself.

The smoke detector is installed in a plastic housing and is generally shaped like a disk with a diameter of about 150 mm (6 inches) and a thickness of 25 mm (1 inch), but the shape and size are different. Can be optical (photoelectric) or The physical process (ionization) detects smoke, and the detector can use one or both of the above methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect and stop smoking in areas where smoking is prohibited. Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial, and residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by a building power supply with battery backup.

Household smoke detectors range from individual devices powered by batteries to several interconnected devices with backup batteries and powered by mains; using these interconnected devices, if any device detects smoke, even if the household power supply is powered off All will trigger an alarm. Optical smoke detectors tend to be larger in size. Therefore, 90% of household smoke detectors use ionization technology.

Ionization smoke alarms are generally more sensitive to flame-type fires, while photoelectric smoke alarms are generally more responsive to prolonged smoldering fires (called "smolder fires"). For all types of smoke alarms, the advantages it provides may be critical to life safety in certain fire situations. No matter day or night, deadly fires at home include a large number of smoldering fires and a large number of flame fires. One cannot predict the type of fire that may occur in the home or when the fire will occur. Any acceptable smoke alarm technology must be acceptable for both types of fires, so as to provide an early fire alarm at any time of the day or night and whether the user is asleep or awake.

The detector for ionizing smoke uses radioactive isotopes to ionize the air, generally known as 鋂-241; it detects differences caused by smoke and generates an alarm. The smoke detector has two ionization chambers, a pair of air is open, and the other is a reference chamber that does not allow particles to enter. The radioactive source emits alpha particles into the second chamber, ionizing certain air molecules.

There is a potential difference (voltage) between the pair of electrodes in the chamber; the charge on the ions allows current to flow. The currents in the two chambers should be the same because they are equally affected by air pressure, temperature, and source aging. If any smoke particles enter the open chamber, some ions will attach to the particles and cannot be used to carry the current in the chamber. The electronic circuit detects that a current difference has formed between the open chamber and the closed chamber, and emits an alarm sound.

Optoelectronic or optical smoke detectors include infrared, visible or ultraviolet light (generally incandescent bulbs or light-emitting diodes), lenses and photoelectric receivers (generally photodiodes). In a point-type detector, all these elements are placed in the chamber, which may contain air flowing from the smoke of nearby flames. In large open areas such as atriums and auditoriums, beam or projection beam smoke detectors are used to replace chambers in the device: wall-mounted devices emit infrared or ultraviolet beams, which are received and processed by a separate device, or reflected by reflectors Back to the receiver.

In some types, especially those of the beam type, the light emitted by the light source passes through the detected air and reaches the light sensor. The intensity of the received light will be reduced due to the absorption of smoke, dust or other substances in the air; the circuit detects the light intensity and generates an alarm when it may fall below a specified threshold due to smoke. In other types, it is generally a chamber type, and the light is not directed to the sensor, which will not be irradiated in the absence of particles. If the air in the chamber contains particles (smoke or dust), the light will be scattered and some of the light will reach the sensor, thus triggering an alarm.

As mentioned above, the ionization detector is more sensitive to the flame stage of the fire than the optical detector, and the optical detector is more sensitive to fire in the early smoldering stage. Fire safety experts and the National Fire Protection Agency recommend the installation of so-called combined alarms, which can detect thermal energy and smoke, or use both ionization and photoelectric processes. It can include a combination of two technologies in a single device, some of which even include carbon monoxide detection capabilities.

Unfortunately, the size and/or footprint of optical smoke detectors make them unsuitable for most homes and most commercial uses. The inventors have identified these shortcomings and understand the need for a more compact and robust optical smoke detector system. That is, an optical smoke detection detector, which is small enough to be used universally and strong enough to maintain a keen state for a long time.

This summary is intended to provide an overview of the subject matter of this patent application. Its purpose is not to provide an exclusive or detailed explanation of the invention. By using these systems and the rest of this application Comparing some aspects of the invention, further limitations and disadvantages of traditional and traditional methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

A device for optically detecting smoke and its implementation. A device and method for detecting smoke present in a small and durable smoke detector are disclosed. Specifically, the present invention shows how to build a very tight enclosure around the smoke detector, while keeping the reflection from the enclosure structure at an extremely low value, while meeting all other peripheral needs for quick response to smoke and protection from ambient light. This allows light scattering measurements of very small smoke particles to be reliable in devices that are resistant to the negative effects of dust. In particular, geometric optical elements such as caps and optical deflection elements are disclosed.

According to one aspect, the present invention is a device for identifying smoke using the optical analysis technology described herein. Specifically, the device is installed in an optical smoke detector and performs recognition therein.

According to another aspect of the device, light penetrates the air, which is scattered by smoke particles.

According to another aspect, scattered light is incident on one or more detectors, and each detector is arranged at a different distance from the light source as a light transmission source.

According to another aspect, the ratio of detected light is used to determine the presence of smoke.

According to yet another aspect, the device utilizes logic that performs the steps of receiving light information and performing smoke determination during execution.

According to another aspect of the invention, the device further includes a cap disposed substantially orthogonal to the first light source.

According to another aspect of the invention, at least part of the shape of the cap body is substantially similar to a conical section.

According to another aspect of the invention, the cap of the conical section is at least partially parabolic.

According to another aspect of the invention, the cap of the conical section is at least partially elliptical.

According to another aspect of the invention, the device further includes a first light emitting diode having a spectral intensity centered on the first wavelength λ ₁ .

According to another aspect of the invention, the device further includes an array of optical deflection elements, which are arranged in a circle substantially around the outer diameter of the cap.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the device further includes an anti-reflective coating, which is disposed on at least one of the cap body and the optical deflection element array.

According to another aspect of the invention, the coating is centered on the first wavelength λ ₁ .

According to another aspect of the invention, the device further includes a substrate, wherein the cap is mechanically connected to the substrate.

According to another aspect of the invention, the array of optical deflection elements is substantially aerofoil.

According to another aspect, the invention includes an analog front end in electrical communication with at least one photodetector.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, one or more light sources are used, each light source having a wavelength centered at a different frequency.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, each wavelength helps to determine the presence of smoke.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, multiple attenuating optical elements surround the center of the detector cavity.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the plurality of attenuating optical elements are substantially configured as cylinders.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the plurality of attenuating optical elements are configured substantially similar to the wing-like features of the heat sink fins.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the plurality of attenuating optical elements are substantially configured to have a refractive index close to household dust.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the plurality of attenuating optical elements also have an imaginary part of the attenuated complex impedance. This is not only used to reduce reflection (impedance matching), but also reduces the power (attenuating medium) that will absorb the false positive value of the smoke detector from ambient light absorption.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the compact smoke detector may be composed of a single analog front end (AFE).

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a compact smoke detector and a single analog front end (AFE) can be manufactured from multiple die on the substrate.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the compact smoke detector may utilize one or more filters.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, the compact smoke detector may utilize one or more filters. Specifically, the filter may include an absorption filter and/or an interference or splitting filter.

The figure shows an exemplary smoke detector circuit and configuration. Changes to these circuits, such as changing the position of the circuit, adding or removing certain components from the circuit, are all within the scope of the present invention. The smoke detectors, configurations and matching devices shown are intended to complement the support points in the detailed description.

100: Smoke detector cap

110: optical light pipe

120: Optical sensing tube

130: Light emitting device

140: light

150: light detector

160: scattered light

170: Smoke particles

200: Optical smoke detector

210: optical chamber

220: detector cover

230: Light Emitting Diode (LED)

240: light

250: light detector

260: scattered light

270: Smoke particles

280: shell mold

290: Optical deflection fins

300: Optical smoke detection device

310: substrate

320: optically isolated structural chamber column

400: Optical smoke detection device

410: Optically isolated structural chamber column

420: Dust particles

430: light

440: light

450: light

460: light

470: Attenuated light waves

500: Optical smoke detection device

520: LED cover

530: Photodetector (PD2)

540: Analog Front End (AFE)

550: Photodetector (PD1)

560: light emitting diode

565: Light emitting diode

570: Light detector cover

575: PD pin-output

585: AFE pin-out

600: optical detection die

610: Ambient light blocking element

620: LED cover

630: light detector

640: Analog front end

650: light detector

660: LED

670: Light detector cover

680: Optical isolator

690: substrate

700: Optical smoke detector

710: die substrate

720: optically isolated structural chamber column

730: Side shell

740: Upper reflective surface

750: pedestal

760: light cone

800: Optical smoke detector

820: Optically isolated structure chamber deflector

840: Ionization smoke detector

850: Inlet port

860: Outlet port

870: ionization chamber

880: ionization chamber

900: Smoke detector cap

920: Optical deflection fins

940: Geometric Space

1000: Smoke detector cap

1005: Center package pin

1010: Upper boundary

1020: Optical deflection fins

1030: Outer border

1040: geometric space

1060: axis

1070: External package pins

1080: Structure

1100: Smoke detector cap

1110: Lower boundary

120: upper boundary

1130: Round side wall

1140: Geometric surface

1150: Geometric surface

1160: axis

1165: Photon

1170: Photon

1175: Photon

1180: Anti-reflective coating

For a more comprehensive understanding of the essence and advantages of the present invention, refer to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a side view showing an exemplary optical smoke detector boundary surface according to some embodiments provided by the present invention; FIG. 2 is a drawing showing an example of operation according to one or more embodiments provided by the present invention 3 is a plan view of an exemplary optical smoke detection device element according to certain embodiments provided by the present invention; FIG. 4A is a view of certain embodiments provided by the present invention, shown in Disadvantages of the prior art in the optical smoke detection device in operation; FIG. 4B shows some embodiments provided in accordance with the present invention, showing the optical smoke detection device in operation and the components included by an exemplary optical smoke detector Means for overcoming the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art; FIG. 5 is a top perspective view depicting optical detection dies included in an exemplary optical smoke detection device according to some embodiments provided by the present invention; FIG. 6 is according to the present invention Certain embodiments provided depict a side view of the optical detection die included in an exemplary optical smoke detection device; FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of an exemplary operation in accordance with certain embodiments provided by the present invention. Isometric view of the optical smoke detection device in operation; FIG. 8 is a top view depicting elements forming an exemplary optical smoke detection device according to some embodiments provided by the present invention; FIG. 9A is some implementations provided according to the present invention For example, depicting a side view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap; 9B is a top view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to some embodiments provided by the present invention; FIG. 9C is an exemplary compact smoke detection according to some embodiments provided by the present invention; 10A is a side view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to some embodiments provided by the present invention; FIG. 10B is a side view according to some embodiments provided by the present invention, FIG. Depicts a top view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap; FIG. 10C depicts an isometric view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to certain embodiments provided by the present invention; FIG. 11 is based on the present Certain embodiments provided by the invention show a side view of an exemplary optical smoke detector boundary surface.

This article is about smoke detection. More specifically, this article describes devices and techniques related to optical recognition of smoke in a compact and robust detector.

The following description and drawings set forth certain illustrative embodiments herein in detail, which indicate several exemplary ways in which the various principles herein may be implemented. However, the illustrative examples are not exhaustive of the many possible embodiments herein. Other objectives, advantages, and novel features of this document are described in the foregoing process of the applicable drawings.

Fires can occur in various ways. The two most common types of fire are slow smolder fire and fast flame fire. The smoldering fire is a slow, low temperature, flameless form of combustion. Such The fire develops slowly and generates a lot of smoke, which is easily detected by optical smoke detectors. Smoldering fires are usually caused on upholstered furniture by weak heat sources such as cigarettes or electrical short circuits.

Rapid flame fires develop rapidly, usually producing black smoke and toxic smoke, and there is almost no time to escape. The characteristic temperature and heat energy released during smoldering (usually 600°C) is lower than the characteristic temperature and heat in a rapid flame fire (usually 1500°C). Fast flame fires usually spread ten times faster than smoldering fires. However, smoldering fires release large amounts of toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide. These gases are extremely flammable and can then be ignited in the gas phase, which initiates the transition to flame combustion.

A smoke detector for detecting smoke by detecting scattered light of smoke particles has been conventionally proposed and implemented. This smoke detector detects fire as follows. The smoke detector has a dark room for storing the light emitter and the light detector. The light emitted from the light emitter is scattered by the smoke particles flowing into the dark room, thereby generating scattered light. The light detector can receive scattered light.

Compared with ionized smoke alarms, optical smoke alarms have several systematic and operational shortcomings. In recent years, a smoke detector including a light trap for suppressing noise light (light emitted from the light emitter and reflected by the inner wall of the dark room) from reaching the light detector has been proposed.

There are generally two types of noise light, one is the undesired reflection caused by the light emitted from the light emitter by nearby surfaces, and the other is the other ambient light leaking into the smoke chamber. Both types of light must be avoided because the light detector cannot determine that the light is caused by reflection or scattering or by the surrounding environment. When the smoke detector is used, the optical and electrical systems must be designed to avoid accidental touch of noise light. The inventors of this article have realized how to reduce size, cost, and increase aesthetics while improving both.

However, in this smoke detector, the light trap is disposed in front of the light emitter and the light detector. Therefore, the light emitted from the light emitter is parallel to the optical axis including the light emitter and the optical axis of the light detector Is reflected in the direction of the virtual plane. Therefore, since noise light easily enters the light detection area, false alarms are still highly likely to occur.

Some smoke detectors use a labyrinth structure to prevent light from entering the dark room. Since the light emitted from the light emitter is reflected by the edge portion of the wall member constituting the labyrinth structure, irregular noise light that cannot be sufficiently attenuated by the light trap is generated. Therefore, noise light may enter the light detection area and cause false alarms.

In addition, in these types of smoke detectors, a plurality of light traps must be provided, and a light trap must be provided inside the labyrinth structure in the dark room. Therefore, in any case, a large space is required to set the light trap, which makes it difficult to miniaturize the smoke detector. Moreover, some smoke detectors include another element, such as a lens, in addition to the light trap, so it may increase the cost of manufacturing the smoke detector. In addition, the light trap and/or lens may inhibit smoke from flowing into the dark room.

In addition to a larger footprint, compared to ionization alarms, optical detection equipment faces verification issues during its action. Both optical smoke alarms using infrared emitter LEDs and ionizing smoke alarms are used to detect two types of fires and rely on ambient air flow through them. In some devices (such as in at least one of the foregoing embodiments), a fan is used to promote air flow through the fan. However, dust and particulate matter will accumulate and contaminate certain device components. These surfaces become more reflective in all directions, so that any light falling on these surfaces may be scattered into the light detector in a smoke-like manner.

Furthermore, in some cases, optical detection systems are superior to ionization systems. For example, the optical system can better detect smoldering fires. In addition, the disadvantage of the ionization alarm is that, because it is equal to the radioisotope contained in its sensor, it is subject to regulations related to its manufacture and disposal. These regulations depend on each country, but may place a considerable burden on manufacturers.

Optical smoke detectors are often large and expensive devices, and will age due to pollution, thus producing false positive values. The inventor of this article has recognized the need for a more robust optical smoke detector, whose size is related to the size of the ubiquitous household ionization unit, and is relatively insensitive to the threat of contamination by dust and other particles. In addition, the optical surface within the chamber itself is important for this.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of an exemplary optical smoke detector boundary surface according to some embodiments provided herein. The smoke detector cap 100 includes a lower boundary 110, a circular side wall 130, an upper boundary 120, an axis 160, and geometric surfaces 140, 150.

It should be noted that FIG. 1 depicts a side view of the smoke detector cap 100, which is circular when viewed from above. Therefore, strictly speaking, the geometric surfaces 140 and 150 are the same surface. However, for the purpose of elucidating photons 165, 175, they are labeled differently. This will be discussed in more detail later in this article.

In one or more embodiments, the smoke detector cap 100 is used to reflect and/or absorb light, so that the light in the smoke detector chamber is greatly scattered from particles (such as smoke, etc.) and returned to the smoke Detector system. This will also be discussed in more detail later in this article. The lower boundary 110 may be represented as a printed circuit board (PCB) or wafer die. For discussion purposes, light from one or more light emitting devices is emitted from the surface direction.

The circular side wall 130 includes a substantially cylindrical boundary that leaves ambient light out or prevents light present in the chamber from being redirected back to the lower boundary 110. Again, this assumption will be described later. The upper boundary 120 represents the top of the smoke detector cap 100. Assuming that the cap of the smoke detector has not substantially changed in the radial direction, the axis 160 is used to indicate its center.

Operationally, in some embodiments, light (photons 165, 175) is emitted from the light emitting device, which propagates upward through the smoke detector chamber. Light rays are incident on smoke particles (not shown) and are therefore scattered. The scattered light propagates down towards the lower boundary surface towards one or more light detectors. In addition to scattered light, the light detector also receives nominal light from the background.

In at least one embodiment, the geometric surfaces 150, 140 are used to reflect light emitted from the lower boundary 110 away from the lower boundary 110. That is, light not scattered by particulate matter should be reduced to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SnR). For example, in this embodiment, the geometric surfaces 150, 140 have a parabolic (strictly speaking, a 3-d parabolic) shape. In this way, according to the parabolic focus, most of the light emitted from the lower boundary 110 will be reflected in a substantially orthogonal direction.

For example, the light/photon 165 is incident on the geometric shape 150. Due to the direction and angle of incidence on the geometric shape 150, the light photon 165 is reflected away from the lower boundary 110, which is represented by light/photon 170. Similarly, the light/photon 175 is incident on the geometry 140. Due to the direction and angle of incidence on the geometric shape 140, the light photon 175 is reflected away from the lower boundary 110 and is represented by light/photon 180.

The predetermined threshold, background subtraction, and other operating parameters will be discussed in more detail later in this article, and those skilled in the art will understand such parameters.

FIG. 2 depicts a top view of an exemplary operation of an exemplary optical smoke detector 200 according to one or more embodiments of the invention. The optical smoke detector 200 includes a light emitting diode (LED) 230, an optical chamber 210, a detector cover 220, a housing mold 280, a photodiode/converter 250, and an optical deflection fin 290.

In at least one embodiment, the LED 230 is a ready-to-use green (495 nm to 570 nm) light-emitting diode. However, any suitable and compact light generating device is covered within the scope of this article, whether it is interference type, incandescent type or even thermal black body radiation.

In some embodiments, the housing mold 280 is a substrate that provides a structure for attaching the detector cover 220 and the optical chamber 210 thereto. Generally speaking, the purpose of optical smoke detectors is to allow Smoke from the surrounding air/environment enters while rejecting ambient light from the same source. In general, the detector cover 220 and the optical chamber 210 are intended to be used for these purposes.

That is, the detector cover 220 has two ports (eg, inlet and outlet) for gas/smoke channels, and the optical chamber 210 substantially surrounds the interior of the detector, preventing most ambient light from entering. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the detector cover 220 and the optical chamber 210 are made of opaque polymer and/or attenuating material, and their thickness is much greater than the average skin depth. High conductivity (mirror) or any other suitable materials, such as metal, semi-metal, and composite materials, are all covered by this case.

The light detector 250 is a sensor of light or other electromagnetic energy. The photodetector 250 has a p-n junction that converts photons into electric current. The absorbed photons form electron-hole pairs in the depleted region, which are used to detect the intensity of the received light. In some embodiments, the photodetector 250 is a photodiode or photocrystal. However, any light detection methods, such as collapse, photomultiplier tubes, etc., are covered in this article.

In operation, light 240 is emitted from LED 230. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, some light 240 is scattered from the smoke particles 270. The scattered light 260 can be re-scattered or directed to the light detector 250 and thus detected by the light detector 250. The light 240 that is not scattered by the smoke particles 270 is blocked by the blocking element to prevent direct irradiation to the photodetector 250, or to enter the optical deflection fin 290 and be redirected by it. The optical deflecting fin 290 usually has a black matte finish, and its purpose is to redirect light to other optical deflecting fins 290.

3 depicts a top view of elements forming an exemplary optical smoke detection device 300 in accordance with certain embodiments provided herein. In one or more embodiments, the substrate 310 includes an analog front end (AFE), a light detector, and a light source, which will be discussed in more detail later in this article.

In some embodiments, the light isolation structure chamber column 320 is made of a material that can absorb light into its body. In addition, these elements are smooth and have a mirror-like finish instead of a matte finish. this Bulk absorbing materials refer to wavelengths of light that can absorb depths >10. Therefore, the real part of the refractive index can be maintained very close to the non-absorbent material.

In some embodiments, the optical isolation structure chamber column 320 comprises polymer or glass. The refractive index of most plastics and glass is close to 1.45-1.6. This can produce a reflectivity R~3% from the Fresnel equation, and the smooth surface reflects light in a mirror manner, as shown below:

且

among them,

And

Therefore, most of the incident light is absorbed in the material of the cavity column of the optical isolation structure, and even if it is reflected, it is rarely backscattered.

FIG. 4A illustrates the prior art disadvantages regarding the optical smoke detection device 400 in operation according to certain embodiments provided herein. In view of the fact that the smoke detector is expected to last 10 years or more, the purpose of this article is to provide a rugged and durable optical smoke detector.

Given the constant air flux throughout the smoke detector, the knowledgeable person will generally understand the weakening characteristics of dim accumulation, which will be discussed in detail with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B. The dust particles 420 are adsorbed to the column 410 of the optical isolation structure chamber. The incident light 430 may come from ambient light, background light or from the internal light source of the smoke detector. For illustrative purposes, this description is simplified for clarity. That is, we assume that the light 430 is completely transmitted into the dust particles 420.

The incident light 430 is transmitted into the dust particles 420 to become light 440. When the light ray 440 is incident on the column 410 of the optical isolation structure, its energy (or vector magnitude) is decomposed according to the Fresnel equation for transmission and reflection. This is due to the impedance mismatch between the dust and the chamber column 410 of the optical isolation structure. Therefore, the light 450 is reflected, and the light 460 is transmitted into the column 410 of the optical isolation structure chamber. In addition, the inventor of the present invention points out that if a rough surface such as a matte surface is used on the light isolation structure chamber column 410, the light will still be scattered, which is also shown in FIG. 4A.

4B illustrates a means of overcoming the aforementioned prior art shortcomings regarding the optical smoke detection device in operation and the elements included by the exemplary optical smoke detector 400 according to some embodiments provided herein. The dust particles 420 are adsorbed to the column 410 of the optical isolation structure chamber. The incident light 430 may come from ambient light, background light or from the internal light source of the smoke detector. Also, for illustrative purposes, this description has been simplified for clarity. That is, we assume that the light 430 is completely transmitted into the dust particles 420.

The incident light 430 is transmitted into the dust particles 420 to become light 440. When the light ray 440 is incident on the column 410 of optical isolation structures, its energy (or vector magnitude) is usually decomposed according to the Fresnel equation for transmission and reflection. However, in one or more embodiments herein, the real part of the complex impedance (or refractive index) of the optical isolation structure chamber column 410 matches ordinary dust 420. Therefore, the light 440 is almost completely transmitted into the optical isolation structure chamber column 410. The refractive index of most dust particles falls between 1.35 and 1.55, while the refractive index of most plastics and glass falls between 1.45 and 1.55.

In one or more embodiments, the complex impedance imaginary part of the optical isolation structure chamber column 410 is selected so that the material has extremely high attenuation, and thus the penetration depth falls on the order of tens of wavelengths. If the penetration depth is shorter, the impedance mismatch becomes larger, and the substrate will also start to reflect light 440. If the absorption depth is too large, thick elements are required to absorb light and thus increase the overall size of the chamber. This is illustrated in the attenuated light wave 470 in FIG. 4B. In addition, in the preferred embodiment, the present inventor presents a smooth mirror finish on the surface of the optical isolation structure chamber column 410.

5 depicts a top perspective view of the optical detection die included by the exemplary optical smoke detection device 500 according to some embodiments provided herein. The optical smoke detection device 500 includes a substrate 590, light emitting diodes (LEDs) 560 and 565, an LED cover 520, an analog front end (AFE) 540, a light detector (PD1) 550, a light detector (PD2) 530, Light detector cover 570, PD pin-output 575, AFE pin-output 585.

The substrate 590 is a die manufactured by a silicon chip (SoC) process, which is known in the art, however, any suitable support structure is included within the scope of this document. For example, the substrate 590 may be made of any metal, semi-metal, semiconductor, mixture/compound, or polymer, and care must be taken to ensure that the AFE 540 does not short-circuit.

The light blocking element extends along the periphery of the upper substrate 590. Their equivalent function is to block ambient light from being received by the light detectors 530 and 550. Therefore, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the ambient light blocking element is made of an opaque polymer and/or an attenuating material, the thickness of the attenuating material is much greater than the average skin depth. High conductivity (reflected) is also covered within the scope of this article.

Likewise, the optical isolator traverses the overall span between the LED 560, 565 side and the photodetector 530, 550 side of the device, which will be explained in more detail later in this article. The function of the optical isolator is to prevent the light of the LEDs 560, 565 from being directly received by the light detectors 530, 550. Therefore, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the light barrier The separator is made of opaque polymer and/or attenuating material, and its thickness is much greater than the average skin depth. High conductivity (mirror surface) is also covered within the scope of this article, however, this is not a preferred embodiment, and later this article will clearly introduce the preferred embodiment.

The photodetector cover 570 and the LED cover 520 are transparent polymer protective shells of the photodetectors 530 and 550 and the LEDs 560 and 565, respectively. In other embodiments, the photodetector cover 570 and the LED cover are made of crystals (glass, Pyrex, etc.), but other suitable ones can be used.

In one or more embodiments, the LEDs 560, 565 are ready-made red and near infrared (450nm-1400nm) light emitting diodes. However, any suitable, compact light generating device of any color is within the scope of this article. In some embodiments where LEDs 560 and 565 emit different wavelengths, the light detector (PD1) 550 and the light detector (PD2) 530 can be modified to suit their detection. For example, one half of the photodetector (PD1) 550 and the photodetector (PD2) 530 may be covered by different filters.

In particular, the photodetector (PD1) 550 and the photodetector (PD2) 530 may be at least partially covered with a dichroic filter. A spectroscopic filter, a thin film filter, or an interference filter is a very precise filter that is used to selectively transmit light with a small range of colors while reflecting other colors. In contrast, dichroic mirrors and dichroic mirrors tend to be characterized by the color of their equally reflected light, rather than the color of their equivalent.

Although a spectroscopic filter is used in this embodiment, other optical filters are also covered by the scope of the present invention, such as interference, absorption, diffraction, grating, Fabry-Perot, and the like. The interference filter is composed of multiple thin dielectric material layers with different refractive indexes. There may also be a metal layer. In its broadest sense, interference filters also include etalons that can be implemented as tunable interference filters. The interference filter has wavelength selectivity due to the interference effect that occurs between the incident wave and the reflected wave at the film boundary.

In other embodiments, multiple detectors are implemented, for example, at least two for the wavelength, so that each pair of the multiple detectors is for a specific wavelength. For example, for a specific λ , each light-emitting diode has at least two detectors (PD1, PD2).

The analog front end 540 (AFE) is a set of analog signal conditioning circuits that utilize sensitive analog amplifiers, operational amplifiers, filters, and dedicated integrated circuits to connect the sensors to analog digital converters and/or microcontrollers as needed .

The AFE 540 is in electrical communication with the photodetectors 530 and 550 through the PD pin-out 575. The PD pin-output 575 is electrically connected to the photodetectors 530 and 550 through the wiring. In this embodiment, the photodetectors 530, 550 and AFE 540 are packaged as die with soldered pin output. However, in other embodiments, they are integrated at the wafer level, and are connected to the chip through a vertical interconnection (VIA) through traces or through a silicon VIA (TSV).

In some embodiments, the AFE pin-output 585 is in electrical communication with the smoke detector cap 100. In other embodiments, the AFE pin-output 585 can be electrically connected to a microcontroller unit (MCU), a field programmable logic gate array (FPGA), a bus, or other computer platforms such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi. All are covered in this article.

6 depicts a side view of an optical detection die 600 included in an exemplary optical smoke detection device according to some embodiments provided herein. The optical detection die 600 includes an ambient light blocking element 610, an optical isolator 680, a substrate 690, a light emitting diode (LED) 660, an LED cover 620, an analog front end (AFE) 640, a light detector (PD1) 650, Light detector (PD2) 630 and light detector cover 670.

In one or more embodiments, the substrate 690 is a die manufactured by a silicon chip (SoC) process known in the art, however, any suitable support structure is included within the scope of this document. For example, the substrate 690 may It is made of any metal, semi-metal, semiconductor, mixture/compound or polymer, and care must be taken to ensure that AFE 640 does not short-circuit.

The ambient light blocking element 610 extends along the periphery of the upper substrate 690. Its equivalent function is to block ambient light from being received by the light detectors 630 and 650. Therefore, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the ambient light blocking element 610 is made of an opaque polymer and/or attenuating material, and its thickness is much greater than the average skin depth. High conductivity (reflected) is also covered within the scope of this article.

Similarly, the optical isolator 680 traverses the overall span between the LED 660 side and the photodetectors 630, 650 side of the device, which will be explained in more detail later in this article. The function of the optical isolator 680 is to prevent the LED 660 light from being directly received by the photodetectors 630, 650. Therefore, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the optical isolator 680 is made of an opaque polymer and/or attenuating material, and its thickness is much greater than the average skin depth. High conductivity (reflected ones) is also covered in this article, however, this is not a preferred embodiment, and later this article will clearly introduce the preferred embodiment.

In one or more embodiments, the LED 660 is a ready-made green (495 nm to 570 nm) light emitting diode. However, any suitable, compact light generating device of any color is covered within the scope of this article, regardless of interference type, incandescent type, or even thermal black body radiation. The LED cover 620 is a transparent polymer protective shell of the LED 660. In other embodiments, the LED cover 620 is a crystal (glass, pyrex, etc.), but any suitable one can be used. Although translucent and/or attenuating materials can be used within the scope of this document, these non-preferred embodiments will be described more clearly later in this document.

The light detectors 650 and 630 (PD1 and PD2, respectively) are sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy. The photodetectors 630, 650 have p-n junctions that convert photons into electrical current. The absorbed photons form electron-hole pairs in the depleted region, which are used to detect the intensity of the received light. In some embodiments, the light detectors 650, 630 It is a photodiode or photoelectric crystal. However, any light detection method, such as avalanche type, photomultiplier tube, etc., is covered within the scope of the present invention.

The analog front end 640 (AFE or analog front end controller AFEC) is a group of analog signal conditioning circuits that utilize sensitive analog amplifiers, usually operational amplifiers, filters, and sometimes sensors, radio receivers, and other circuits A dedicated integrated circuit to provide a configurable and flexible electronic functional block, which is required when connecting various sensors to an antenna, an analog-to-digital converter, or in some cases to a microcontroller. AFE 640 is in electrical communication with light detectors 650, 630 and optical smoke detectors.

The photodetector cover 670 is a transparent polymer protective shell of PD1 and PD2. In other embodiments, the photodetector cover 670 is a crystal (glass, pyrex, etc.), but any suitable one can be used. Translucent and/or attenuating materials can be used within the scope of this document.

FIG. 7 graphically illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary optical smoke detection device 700 in operation, according to some embodiments herein. The inventors herein have constructed a minimal smoke detector 700 that only needs a very small chamber surrounding the detector to protect it from insects, ambient light, and large particulate matter.

So far, in the prior art, a large casing is used to prevent light scattering caused by dust accumulated over time. The light scattered from the housing elements prevents the detection of small changes in the light scattering of smoke particles that impede the performance of these sensor systems. Therefore, the design of the housing or chamber is critical. It must also allow the smoke from the surrounding environment to be easily exchanged and therefore have a relatively large opening.

This article shows how to build a very tight shell around the smoke detector, while keeping the reflection from the shell structure at a very low value, while meeting all other peripheral needs for fast response to smoke and protection from ambient light. This minimal measurement system that allows light scattering from smoke particles is reliable.

The optical smoke detection device 700 includes a base 750, a die substrate 710, a side shell 730, a cavity column 720 of an optical isolation structure, and an upper reflective surface 740. In one or more embodiments, the The base 750, the optical isolation structure chamber column 720, and the die substrate 710, which have electronic components and provide connection means, are as described in FIGS. 2, 3, 5, and 6. The side shell 730 can serve two purposes, that is, the side shell 730 can block the entry of environmental factors while guiding the air through the channel of the optical smoke detection device 700.

The structure of the upper reflective surface 740 is similar to the side structure, and uses the same design concept. Light impinging on the surface from the light emitter should be reflected/scattered back from the surface of the structure to a minimum. This is achieved by using a highly wavy or curved surface so that no direct reflection from the surface is directed towards the light detector element. The light is reflected to other surfaces in the chamber. As described earlier for FIG. 4b, most of the light incident on the surface is absorbed in the body of the material. A small amount of about 3% is guided to another surface after reflection, which may be the upper reflective surface or any side surface, and the process is repeated. Therefore, only a very small amount of light returns to the light detector.

It should be noted that the upper reflective surface may be an anti-reflective coating to be more easily absorbed by the body, but in practice may not be necessary. This is because light can enter the surface from many angles, especially if the top reflective surface is corrugated or curved in a complicated manner. In addition, after dust accumulates on the surface, the surface may not be as anti-reflective.

In operation, the light from the light cone 760 is directed upward. It is true that the light returning to the detector has been bounced several times by different components and has lost most of its energy. The light trace shows that the probability of light returning to the detector is very low.

The optical isolation structure chamber column 720 contains a plastic absorption rod. For example, the optical isolation structure chamber column 720 includes acrylic, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, and the like. However, any suitable material can be used, for example, one with a suitably matched refractive index and complex impedance.

The design shown in FIG. 7 allows the user to measure the light scattered from the smoke particles back to the light detector, while the optical structure is designed to reduce the noise light to an extremely low level. In addition, the optical structures can be placed extremely close to each other, and extremely close to the light generation and detection equipment, forming a very compact structure. The The structure reduces (1) the noise light from the light emitter, (2) the noise light from the environment, and (3) provides a tight measurement with a single module, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.

8 depicts a top view of another design of elements that form an exemplary optical smoke detection device 800 according to some embodiments provided herein. In one or more embodiments, according to the foregoing embodiment, the substrate 810 includes an analog front end (AFE), a light detector, and a light source. In addition, a similar top reflective structure may be used, such as 740.

According to some embodiments, the optical smoke detection device 800 includes an inlet port 850, an outlet port 860, and an ionization smoke detector 840. The ports 850, 860 allow the air path to travel through the optical smoke detection device 800. In alternative embodiments, the inlet port 850 and the outlet port 860 include small low-power fans to facilitate the passage of gas.

The ionization smoke detector 840 uses radioisotopes to ionize air, which is usually 鋂-241; the difference caused by smoke is detected and an alarm is generated. Ionization detectors are more sensitive to the flame stage of fire than optical detectors, and optical detectors are more sensitive to flames in the early smoldering stage.

The smoke detector has two ionization chambers 870, 880, one is open to the air (870), and the other is a reference chamber (880) that does not allow particles to enter. The radioactive source emits alpha particles into the two chambers, which ionize certain air molecules. There is a potential difference (voltage) between the pair of electrodes in the chamber; the charge on the ions allows current to flow.

The currents in the two chambers should be the same, as they are also affected by air pressure, temperature, and source aging. If any smoke particles enter the open chamber, some ions will attach to the particles and cannot carry the current in the chamber. An electronic circuit detects a current difference between the open chamber and the closed chamber, and emits an alarm sound.

In some embodiments, the optical isolation structure chamber deflector 820 is made of a material that can absorb light in its body. In addition, these elements are smooth and have mirror finishes, not matte finishes. Ontology Absorbent material refers to the wavelength of light that can absorb depth >10. Therefore, the real part of the refractive index can be maintained very close to the non-absorbent material.

In some embodiments, the optically isolated structure chamber deflector 820 substantially includes a three-dimensional prism orthogonal polyhedron, a regular rectangular prism, a rectangular cuboid, or a rectangular parallelepiped. In one or more embodiments, the optically isolated structure chamber deflector 820 is substantially circular on one surface or may have a knife edge. Note that this also applies to the upper reflective surface 740. The purpose of the optically isolated structure chamber deflector 820 is to guide the reflected light to another optically isolated structure chamber deflector 820, which is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, most of the incident light is absorbed in the material, and even if it is reflected, it is rarely backscattered.

Most dust particles have an index of glass, which is between 1.4 and 1.7. The index of the optical isolation structure chamber deflector 820 can be matched, and the generated scattering is lower compared to the same particles attached to a surface with a large difference in refractive index. All forward scattering from these particles is also absorbed by their equivalent substrate. Also, this can reduce the backscatter caused by dust accumulated over time to a very low level.

The elements of the chamber, namely the optically isolated structure chamber deflector 820, are calibrated to reflect light from the source to other elements of the chamber. Therefore, the optical system goes out very quickly. After n reflections, the reflected light is reduced to R ⁿ and is quickly eliminated. This is conducive to a very compact design: the radius from the center of the smoke sensor is less than 1 cm, and the height is less than 1 cm.

9A depicts a side view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to certain embodiments provided by the present invention. The smoke detector cap 900 includes an upper boundary 910 and optical deflection fins 920.

9B depicts a top view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to some embodiments provided by the present invention. The smoke detector cap 900 includes a geometric space 940 and optical deflection fins 920. In one or more embodiments, the geometric space 940 may be any parabolic or elliptical shape. In other embodiments, it can be variously modified or linear.

9C depicts an isometric view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to some embodiments provided by the present invention. The smoke detector cap 900 includes a geometric space 940 and optical deflection fins 920.

In some embodiments, the optical isolation structure chamber optical deflection fin 920 is made of a material that can absorb light into its body. In addition, these elements are smooth and have a mirror-like finish, rather than a matte finish. The body absorption material is such that it can absorb light wavelengths with a depth >10. Therefore, the real part of the refractive index can be maintained very close to the non-absorbent material. Bulk absorbing materials refer to wavelengths of light that can absorb depths >10. Therefore, the real part of the refractive index can be maintained very close to the non-absorbent material.

In some embodiments, the optical isolation structure chamber optical deflection fin 920 comprises polymer or glass. The refractive index of most plastics and glass is close to 1.45-1.6. This can produce a reflectivity R~3% from the Fresnel equation, and the smooth surface reflects light in a mirror manner, as shown below:

among them,

Therefore, most of the incident light is absorbed in the material of the cavity column of the optical isolation structure, and even if it is reflected, it is rarely backscattered.

10A depicts a side view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to some embodiments provided by the present invention. The smoke detector cap 1000 includes an upper boundary 1010, an axis 1060, a center package pin 1005 and an external package pin 1070. The center package pin 1005 and the external package pin 1070 are convenient.

10B depicts a top view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to some embodiments provided by the present invention. The smoke detector cap 1000 includes a geometric space 1040 and an optical deflection fin 1020. In one or more embodiments, the geometric space 1040 can be any parabolic or elliptical shape. In other embodiments, it can be variously modified or linear. The outer boundary 1030 represents the solid round cap of the structure.

10C depicts an isometric view of an exemplary compact smoke detector cap according to some embodiments provided by the present invention. The smoke detector cap 1000 includes a solid round cap 1010 and an optical deflection fin 1020 of the structure 1080.

FIG. 11 depicts a side view of the boundary surface of an exemplary compact smoke detector according to some embodiments provided by the present invention. The smoke detector cover 1100 includes a lower boundary 1110, a circular side wall 1130, an upper boundary 120, an axis 1160, and geometric surfaces 1140, 1150.

It should be noted that FIG. 11 depicts a side view of the smoke detector cover 1100, which is circular in a plan view. Therefore, strictly speaking, the geometric surfaces 1140 and 1150 are the same surface. However, in order to explain the photons 1165, 1175, etc. are labeled differently.

In one or more embodiments, the smoke detector cap 1100 can reflect and/or absorb light, so that the light energy in the smoke detector chamber is greatly scattered from particles such as smoke and returned to smoke detection Detector system. The lower boundary 1110 may represent a printed circuit board (PCB) or wafer die. For discussion purposes, light from one or more light emitting devices is emitted from this surface direction.

The circular side wall 1130 includes a substantially cylindrical boundary, which can block ambient light or prevent light in the chamber from being re-directed back to the lower boundary 1110. Similarly, this premise will be described later. The upper boundary 1120 represents the top of the smoke detector cap 1100. Assuming that the cap of the smoke detector has not substantially changed in the radial direction, the axis 1160 is used to indicate its center.

Operationally, in some embodiments, light (photons 1165, 1175) is emitted from the light-emitting device, which propagates upward through the smoke detector chamber. The light is incident on the smoke particles (not shown) and enters Line scattering. The scattered light propagates down to the lower boundary surface and towards one or more light detectors. In addition to scattered light, the light detector also receives nominal light from the background.

The geometric surfaces 1150, 1140 are used in one or more embodiments to reflect the light emitted by the lower boundary 1110 away from the lower boundary 1110. That is, light that is not scattered by particulate matter should be reduced to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SnR). For example, in this embodiment, the geometric surfaces 1150, 1140 have a parabolic (strictly speaking, 3-d parabolic) shape. As such, according to the parabolic focus, the light emitted from the lower boundary 1110 is mainly reflected in a substantially orthogonal direction.

For example, light/photon 1165 is incident on geometry 1150. Due to the direction and angle incident on the geometric shape 1150, the light/photon 1165 is reflected away from the lower boundary 1110, which is represented by light/photon 1170. Similarly, light/photon 1175 is incident on geometry 1140. Due to the direction and angle incident on the geometric shape 1140, the light/photon 1165 is reflected away from the lower boundary 1110, which is represented by light/photon 117.

In at least one embodiment, an additional anti-reflective coating 1180 is included. Anti-reflective or anti-reflective (AR) coating is a type of optical coating that can be applied to the surface of lenses and other optical components to reduce reflections. In a typical imaging system, light loss due to reflection causes less efficiency. This coating is not dedicated to the top cap, it can be applied to anti-reflective fins as previously described.

Many coatings consist of a transparent film structure with alternating layers of contrasting refractive index. The thickness of the layer is selected to produce destructive interference in the beam reflected from the interface and constructive interference in the corresponding transmitted beam. This allows structural performance to vary with wavelength and angle of incidence, so color effects usually appear at oblique angles.

In one or more embodiments, the geometric shape is a parabolic geometry. The parabola is a plane curve, which is mirror-symmetric and approximately U-shaped. It is applicable to any of the different mathematical descriptions on various surfaces, and it can be proved that they can be used to define this exact same curve. More specifically, as in the present embodiment depicted in FIG. 11, a semi-parabola is used as an implementation means. That is, sqrt(r) rotates around the axis 1160.

One of the parabolic descriptions involves points (focus) and lines (guidelines). The focus is not on the line. The parabola is the trajectory of a point in the plane equidistant from the guideline and the focal point. Another description of the parabola is a conical cross-section, which results from the intersection of the right circular conical surface and a plane that is parallel to another plane that is tangent to the conical surface.

In other embodiments, the geometric shape is at least partially elliptical. An ellipse is a curve around two focal points in a plane, so that the total distance to the two focal points is fixed for each point on the curve. Therefore, this is a summary of a circle, which is a special type of ellipse with two focal points at the same position. The shape of an ellipse (the degree of its "stretch") is represented by its eccentricity. For an ellipse, it can be any number from 0 (the limit case of a circle) to any value close to but less than 1.

The ellipse is a closed type of conical section: the plane curve produced by the intersection of the cone and the plane (see figure on the right). The ellipse has many similarities with the other two types of conic sections: parabola and hyperbola, both of which are open and unbounded. The cross-section of the cylinder is elliptical unless the cross-section is parallel to the axis of the cylinder.

However, any conical cross-section is included in the scope of the present invention.

In this paper, the total attenuation from the LED to the detector is 10 ^-6 . This is achieved through simulation and structural design.

The inventors herein also use this concept, and the scattering characteristics may depend on the wavelength. Therefore, the analysis and/or comparison of different wavelengths, λ and/or PD1/PD2 ratios can depend on the wavelength and can be used to detect large amounts of particulate matter.

Other means, systems and equipment are covered by the scope of the present invention. For example, three or more light detectors can be used to further interpolate and extrapolate the characteristic signals of the material. In addition, alternative LED/photodetector configurations and geometries can be utilized.

With reference to the light scattering theory, the inventor's observations are closely consistent with the module, which is consistent with this well-known theory known to those skilled in the art and can reflect this well-known theory. Therefore, the subsequent observations are derived from potential physical factors and are therefore more versatile than any particular device listed in several embodiments.

Having described several aspects and embodiments of the technology of the present application in this way, it should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art will easily think of various alternatives, modifications, and improvements. These substitutions, modifications and improvements are intended to fall within the spirit and technical scope described in this application. For example, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily think of various other means and/or structures for performing functions and/or obtaining results and/or at least one of the advantages described herein, and each such change and/or modification is considered to fall Within the scope of the embodiments described herein.

Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to use no more than routine experimentation to determine many equivalents of the specific embodiments described herein. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented as examples only, and within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in ways different from the specific description. In addition, if the features, systems, items, materials, kits, and/or methods do not conflict with each other, any combination of at least two features, systems, items, materials, kits, and/or methods described herein falls within the scope of this disclosure. range.

The above-described embodiments can be implemented in any of various ways. At least one aspect and embodiments of the present application related to the execution of a process or method may utilize program instructions executed by a device (eg, computer, processor, or other device) to execute or control the execution of the process or method.

In this regard, various inventive concepts can be implemented as computer-readable storage media (or several computer-readable storage media) (eg, a computer memory, at least one floppy disk, CD, CD, tape, flash memory, live Programmable gate array circuits other semiconductor devices, or other tangible computer storage media), which are encoded so that when executed on at least one computer or other processor, a computer-readable storage medium with at least one program executes at least one of the above The method of each embodiment.

The computer-readable medium is removable, so that the programs stored thereon can be loaded on at least one different computer or other processor to achieve the above aspects. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory medium.

The term "program" or "software" is used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer coding or computer executable instruction set that can be used to encode a computer or other processor to implement the above aspects. In addition, it should be understood that according to one level, at least one computer The method does not need to reside on a single computer or processor, but can be distributed among several different computers or processors in a modular manner to implement various aspects of the application.

The computer executable instructions can be in many forms, such as program modules, which are executed by at least one computer or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. Generally, the functions of the program modules can be combined or distributed in various embodiments as needed.

Moreover, the data structure can be stored in a computer-readable medium in any suitable form. To simplify the explanation, it can be shown that the data structure has fields related to the position through the data structure. Such a relationship can also be achieved by allocating storage for a field with a position whose position communicates the relationship between the fields in a computer-readable medium. However, any suitable mechanism can be used to establish the relationship between the messages in the fields of the data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags, or other mechanisms to establish relationships between data elements.

When implemented in software, the software code can be executed on any suitable processor or set of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among several computers.

In addition, it should be understood that as a non-limiting example, the computer may be implemented in any of several forms, such as an industrial computer, a desktop computer, a notebook computer, or a tablet computer. In addition, a computer can be embedded in a device that is not normally regarded as a computer but has suitable processing capabilities, including a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a mobile phone, an iPad, or any other suitable portable or stationary electronic equipment.

In addition, the computer may have at least one input and output device. Among other things, these devices can be used to present a user interface. Examples of output devices that can be used to provide a user interface include copiers or display screens for output for visual presentation and speakers or other sound generating devices for audiovisual presentation. Examples of input devices that can be used in the user interface include keyboards and pointing devices, such as mice, touchpads, and digital tablets. As another example, the computer can receive input messages through voice recognition or other audible formats.

The computers can be interconnected in at least one network in any suitable form, including a local area network or a wide area network, such as an enterprise network and an intelligent network (IN) or Internet. Such networks may be based on any suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol, and may include wireless or wired networks.

Moreover, as described, certain aspects may be implemented as one or more one-methods. The actions performed as part of the method can be ordered in any suitable way. Therefore, the embodiments may perform actions in a different order than shown, which may include performing certain actions at the same time, even if the exemplary embodiments are shown as sequential actions.

All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to override dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

Unless clearly indicated to the contrary, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" used in this specification and the scope of patent application shall be understood as meaning "at least one".

The phrase "and/or" used in the scope of this specification and the patent application should be understood to mean "one or two" of the elements so connected, that is, in some cases coexist and separate in other cases. element. Multiple elements listed with "and/or" should be interpreted in the same way, that is, "one or more" of the elements so combined.

Except for those specifically identified by the "and/or" clause, the elements can exist selectively, whether they are related or unrelated to the specific identified elements. Therefore, as a non-limiting example, when used in conjunction with an open language such as "contains", the reference to "A and/or B" may in one embodiment refer to only A (optionally including other than B Element); in another embodiment, only refers to B (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, refers to both A and B (optionally including other elements), etc. .

As used in this specification and the scope of patent applications, with regard to the list of one or more elements, the phrase "at least one" should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more element lists. However, it is not necessarily included in at least one element of each element specifically listed in the element list, and does not exclude any combination of elements in the element list. The definition also allows for specific identification in addition to the list of elements referred to in the phrase "at least one" In addition to the recognized elements, the elements can exist selectively, whether they are related or unrelated to the specific identified elements.

Therefore, as a non-limiting example, "at least one of A and B" (or equivalently, "at least one of A or B", or identically "at least one of A and/or B") It can refer to that in one embodiment, at least one in the absence of B (and optionally including elements other than B), optionally including more than one A; in another embodiment, at least one in In the absence of A (and optionally including elements other than A), optionally including more than one B; in yet another embodiment, at least one, optionally including more than one B (and Optionally include other elements) and so on.

As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the term "between" is inclusive. For example, unless otherwise stated, "between A and B" includes A and B.

In addition, the wording and terminology used herein are for descriptive purposes and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of "includes", "includes" or "includes", "contains", "involves" and variations thereof herein is intended to cover the items listed thereafter and their equivalents and additional items.

In the scope of the patent application and the above description, all transitional phrases, such as "include", "include", "carry", "have", "contain", "involve", "hold", "consists of... "And the like. Etc. should be understood as open-ended, including, but not limited to. Only the transition phrases "consisting of" and "basically consisting of" should be closed or semi-closed transition phrases, respectively.

The present invention should not be considered limited to the specific embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention is directed will readily understand various modifications, equivalent processes, and many structures that can be applied to the present invention.

1. A device for detecting smoke in a detector with a tight coverage area, which essentially allows light to propagate away from a smoke detector chamber. The device includes: a first light source; a first light detector , Which is substantially disposed near the first light source; A non-variable logic for performing: receiving a first signal from the first light detector; and determining the presence of smoke based at least on the first received signal; and a cap body, which is arranged substantially orthogonal The first light source.

2. The device as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the cap is at least partially substantially shaped like a conical section.

3. The device as described in item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein at least part of the conical section of the cap body is a parabola.

4. The device as described in item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein at least part of the conical section of the cap body is an ellipse.

5. The device as described in item 1 of the patent application further includes a first light-emitting diode having a spectral intensity centered on a first wavelength λ ₁ .

6. The device as described in item 5 of the patent application further includes an array of optical reflective elements arranged substantially in a circle around the outer diameter of the cap body.

7. The device as described in item 6 of the patent application scope, wherein the array of optical reflective elements is substantially wing-shaped.

8. The device as described in item 6 of the patent application further includes an anti-reflection coating, which is disposed on at least one of the cap body and the optical reflective element array.

9. The device as described in item 8 of the patent application range, wherein the anti-reflection coating is centered on the first wavelength λ ₁ .

10. The device as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, further comprising a substrate, wherein the cap body is mechanically connected to the substrate.

11. A method for detecting smoke in a detector with a tight coverage area, which essentially causes light to propagate away from a smoke detector chamber. The device includes: providing light from a first light source; Light on a first light detector near the first light source; receiving a first signal from the first light detector; determining the presence of smoke based at least on the first receiving signal, the signal is based at least in part on scattering particles Matter; and use a cap body to reflect light, the cap body geometrically reflects light away from the first light detector.

12. The method according to item 11 of the patent application scope, wherein the cap body is at least partially substantially shaped like a conical section.

13. The method according to item 12 of the patent application scope, wherein at least part of the conical section of the cap body is a parabola.

14. The method according to item 12 of the patent application scope, wherein at least part of the conical section of the cap body is an ellipse.

15. The method as recited in item 11 of the patent application range, wherein the first light source is a first light-emitting diode having a spectral intensity centered on a first wavelength λ ₁ .

16. The method as described in item 15 of the scope of the patent application further includes providing an array of optical reflective elements that substantially forms a circle around the outer diameter of the cap body.

17. The method as described in item 16 of the patent application range, wherein the array of optical reflective elements is substantially wing-shaped.

18. The method of claim 16 of the patent application, further comprising depositing an anti-reflective coating on at least one of the cap and the array of optical reflective elements.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the anti-reflective coating is centered on the first wavelength λ ₁ .

20. The method as described in item 11 of the patent application scope, further comprising mechanically connecting the cap body to a substrate.

21. A device for detecting smoke in a detector with a tight coverage area, which essentially causes light to propagate away from a smoke detector chamber, the device includes: means for providing light from a first light source; A means for detecting glazing of a first light detector arranged near the first light source; Means for receiving a first signal from the first light detector; means for determining the presence of smoke based at least on the first received signal of the scattered particulate matter; and means for utilizing a cap to reflect light, the The cap body geometrically reflects the light away from the first light detector. The optical system utilizes the cap body to geometrically reflect light away from the first photodetector.

100: Smoke detector cap

110: optical light pipe

120: Optical sensing tube

130: Light emitting device

140: light

150: light detector

160: scattered light

170: Smoke particles

Claims (20)

A device for detecting smoke in a detector with a tight coverage area, which reduces the harmful effects of dust, thereby increasing life and efficiency. The device includes: a first light-emitting diode (LED); a first light The detector is substantially disposed close to the first light-emitting diode; a non-variable logic, which is used to execute: receiving a first signal from the first light detector, wherein the received first signal Based on scattering and related to the mass of particulate matter present in the device; and at least determining the presence of smoke based on the first signal received; and a plurality of attenuating optical elements surrounding the first light-emitting diode and the first light The detector has a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.7, where the attenuating optical elements are used to absorb ambient light. The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the first light-emitting diode has a spectral intensity centered on a first wavelength λ ₁ . The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 2 of the scope of the patent application further includes a second light-emitting diode having a spectrum centered on a second wavelength λ ₂ strength. The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 3 of the patent application scope further includes a second photodetector having a spectrum centered on the second wavelength λ ₂ strength. The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application further includes a substantially opaque barrier between the first light-emitting diode and the first light detector between. The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application further includes a substrate. The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 6 of the scope of the patent application further includes an analog front end disposed on the substrate. The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 7 of the patent application scope, wherein the first light detector and the second light detector are arranged on the analog front end. The device for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 6 of the patent application scope, wherein the first light-emitting diode is arranged on the substrate. A method for detecting smoke in a close-coverage detector, which reduces the harmful effects of dust, thereby increasing lifespan and efficacy. The method includes: providing light from a first light-emitting diode (LED); Measure the light placed on a first light detector near the first light-emitting diode; receive a first signal from the first light detector, wherein the received first signal is based on scattering and The mass of the particulate matter present in the device is related; the presence of smoke is determined based at least on the received first signal, which is based at least in part on the scattered particulate matter; and the use of a plurality of attenuating optical elements with a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.7 To absorb ambient light. The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 10 of the patent application scope, wherein the first light-emitting diode has a spectral intensity centered on a first wavelength λ ₁ . The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 11 of the scope of the patent application further includes providing light on a second light source. The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 12 of the patent application scope, wherein the second light source includes a second light emitting diode (LED) having a first wavelength λ ₂ is one of the spectral intensities of the center. The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 13 of the scope of the patent application further includes receiving a second signal from a second light detector, the second light detector having One spectral intensity centered on the second wavelength λ ₂ . The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 10 of the scope of the patent application further includes opaqueness between one of the first light-emitting diode and the first light detector The barrier forms one of the first light-emitting diodes to shield direct illumination. The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 10 of the scope of the patent application further includes providing a substrate. The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 16 of the scope of the patent application further includes placing an analog front end (AFE) on the substrate. The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 17 of the scope of the patent application further includes placing the first light detector and a second light detector at the front end of the analog. The method for detecting smoke in the close-coverage detector as described in item 16 of the patent application scope, wherein the first light-emitting diode is disposed on the substrate. A device for detecting smoke in a detector in a tight coverage area, which reduces the harmful effects of dust, thereby increasing life and efficiency. The device includes: a first light-emitting diode (LED) for providing light A first light detector for detecting the light set near the first light-emitting diode; Means for receiving a first signal from the first light detector; means for determining the presence of smoke based at least on the received first signal, the first signal is based at least in part on scattered particulate matter; and a plurality of attenuating optics Element, used to absorb ambient light, the emissivity of the attenuating optical elements is between 1.4 and 1.7; a cap body is used to reflect the light, and the cap body geometrically reflects the light away from the first light detector .

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