TWI691924B - Carbon trading system and carbon trading platform - Google Patents

Abstract

A carbon trading system and a carbon trading platform includes setting at least one carbon credits transaction requirement and expected trading price in a trading platform by a purchaser according to a demand carbon credits category. A vendor sets at least one carbon credits supply requirement and expected trading price in the trading platform according to a supply carbon credits category. The trading platform generates transactional match and carbon credits market price information. The purchaser and vendor use the trading platform to select a product and compete price for implementing a carbon transaction according to the transactional match and carbon credits market price information. The blockchain technique is utilized to the platform to provide a safe and real-time transection.

Description

Carbon trading system and carbon trading platform

The present invention describes a carbon trading system and a carbon trading platform, especially a system and platform based on blockchain technology that uses a trading platform to match demand and supply sides to conduct carbon trading.

In recent years, due to the intensification of the greenhouse effect, affecting the safety of human economic life. In order to improve this status quo, countries around the world have begun to think about how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adjust the impact of climate change, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing harm to humans and ecology. In order to achieve the goal of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, internationally, carbon reduction methods generally use incentive strategies to trade carbon emission rights through carbon trading. It is hoped that through the operation of the market mechanism, the total amount of global carbon emissions will be effectively controlled. More than a decade ago, the Kyoto Protocol was officially adopted internationally, and carbon emissions trading was formally formed. Governments of various countries have also responded to jointly safeguard the coexistence of our planet and the environment, and adopted appropriate mechanisms to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction through international cooperation. At the same time, they have also set carbon emission plans for carbon reduction goals. In the greenhouse gas emission reduction transaction based on public international law, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is the largest of the seven kinds of greenhouse gases required to be reduced. Therefore, this kind of transaction is often calculated in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton, so it is generally called "carbon trading", and its trading market is called the carbon market (Carbon Market).

At present, the importance of issues related to carbon trading is increasing year by year. To encourage companies to participate in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the Environmental Protection Agency has set up a greenhouse gas exchange program. If the company complies with the principles of the law and implements the implementation of greenhouse gas emission reductions, it can apply. As long as the application is approved The industry can obtain the reduction quota issued by the Environmental Protection Agency, and the reduction quota is the trading bargaining chip in carbon rights trading. However, in terms of actual operation, it is questionable whether some developed countries have truly achieved the goal of energy saving and carbon reduction. Moreover, whether the carbon emissions trading system can truly achieve the goal of energy saving and carbon reduction, or is only used by traders as a tool for monopoly and wealth accumulation is also questionable. Therefore, the development of an automated trading platform, in addition to enabling traders to conduct carbon trading under institutional conditions, and monitoring carbon trading behavior in an open and transparent manner, is a very important issue today.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon trading system that executes a carbon transaction in a blockchain network, where the blockchain network has a plurality of nodes. The carbon trading system includes: a carbon trading platform, a management node and At least one trading node. The carbon trading platform includes: an interface display module, a platform control module, an identity authentication module, a message sending and receiving module, and a trading module. The management node is a node in the blockchain network. The management node publishes a smart contract corresponding to a carbon right category for each node in the blockchain network. The smart contract includes transaction restrictions corresponding to the carbon right category. At least one transaction node includes a demand side and a supply side, where the demand side is a node in the blockchain network, logging into the carbon trading platform to set a transaction demand in a trading demand information of at least one carbon right category, to Acquire one of the tradable carbon rights quota; and the supplier is a node in the blockchain network, log in to the carbon trading platform to set a supply demand in at least one carbon rights category of trading demand information to provide tradable Carbon rights quota; where the platform control module of the carbon trading platform generates a trading match information 1 and carbon rights market price information according to the carbon rights category's trading demand information for display on a display screen of the carbon trading platform. In addition, based on the displayed transaction match information and carbon rights market price information, the demand side and the supply side search for bids on the carbon trading platform to conduct a transaction, in which the message transceiving module of the carbon trading platform receives a transaction request, the transaction The module reads the transaction information in the transaction request and makes a transaction request to the smart contract corresponding to the carbon right category of the transaction in the blockchain network. Verify the identity of the node that initiated the transaction with a signature At least one of them with a permission; and the transaction module verifies whether the node that initiated the transaction has a sufficient carbon credit balance, when the node's carbon credit balance is greater than the transaction credit and meets the transaction limits of the smart contract, there is at least one condition When established, the messaging module of the carbon trading platform writes the transaction information in a decentralized ledger of the blockchain network; the demand side executes a payment process; and the demand side and the seller confirm the carbon rights after the carbon transaction is completed Type and quantity.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon trading platform that executes a carbon transaction in a blockchain network, where the blockchain network has a plurality of nodes, and the plurality of nodes includes a management node, and the management node is in the zone The block chain network publishes a smart contract corresponding to a carbon right category for each of the nodes. The smart contract includes a transaction limit corresponding to a carbon right category. The carbon trading platform includes: an interface display module for providing a display screen, wherein the display screen includes a login interface and a transaction input interface, wherein the transaction input interface is used for nodes to input trading demand information of a carbon right type. A platform control module is used to provide a transaction match information and a carbon rights market price information on the display screen according to the trading demand information of the carbon rights category. An identity authentication module is used to allow nodes connected to the carbon trading system to perform an identity authentication. A message transceiving module is electrically connected to the identity authentication module and used to receive a message broadcast from a node. The message includes a transaction request for a transaction. A transaction module and a message transceiving module are electrically connected to read a transaction information in the transaction request, and submit the transaction request to the smart contract corresponding to the carbon right category of the transaction in the blockchain network , And verify at least one of the identity and authority of the node initiating the transaction with the signature; the transaction module is used to verify whether the node initiating the transaction has a sufficient carbon credit balance, when the node's carbon credit balance is greater than the transaction When at least one of the quota and the transaction limit that meets the smart contract holds, the message sending and receiving module writes the transaction information in a decentralized ledger of the blockchain network.

100: Carbon trading system

10: Trading platform

11: Supply-side machine

12: demand side machine

13: Financial institution machine

14: Machine in charge of the unit

200: Carbon trading system

210: Blockchain system

201a, 210b, 210c, 226, 234, 244: distributed ledger

220: Carbon trading platform

221: Interface display module

222: Platform control module

223,231,241: Identity verification module

224,232,242: trading module

225,233,243: message transceiver module

230: management node

240a: node (demand side, buyer transaction node)

240b: node (supplier, seller transaction node)

500: Blockchain network

F1 to F8: data flow

S401 to S407: steps

S801 to S816: Steps

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a carbon trading platform according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of each data flow in the carbon trading platform of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a flowchart of the carbon trading platform in Figure 1 when performing carbon trading.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a carbon trading platform according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a carbon trading platform according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a carbon trading platform according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a carbon trading platform according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a carbon trading method according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the carbon trading system 100 of the present invention. The carbon trading system 100 includes a trading platform 10, a supply-side machine 11, a demand-side machine 12, a financial institution machine 13, and a competent unit machine 14. The transaction platform 10 can be any data processing device such as a server, a cloud data center, a computer, a workstation, and so on. The transaction platform 10 can provide transaction matching services of the demand side and the supply side, and return the transaction history and records to the machine 14 of the competent unit. The trading platform 10 may also be connected to the supervisory unit machine 14 to obtain information or regulations in the supervisory unit machine 14. The trading platform 10 can also generate carbon price warning information and establish a carbon market prediction model based on transaction history and records and other statistical data. The supply-side machine 11 is connected to the trading platform 10 and can be operated by the supply-side. Here, the supply side is defined as the seller of carbon transactions, providing tradable carbon credits. In the carbon trading system 100, "carbon rights" can be quantified as virtual digital assets, such as virtual electronic money or points. Therefore, abstract "carbon rights" can be transferred via virtual digital assets that are quantified. The demand-side machine 12 is connected to the trading platform 10 and can be operated by the demand-side. Here, the demand side is defined as the buyer of the carbon transaction, which purchases tradable carbon credits in a transactional manner. The financial institution machine 13 is connected to the trading platform 10 to provide a carbon trading transfer service. The machine 14 of the competent unit is connected to the trading platform 10 for synchronization with the trading platform 10, and at any time monitors the carbon trading records, market price fluctuations, transaction prices, and operations to control the transfer of carbon rights. In the carbon trading system 100, the trading platform 10 can conduct demand-side and supply-side carbon transactions through blockchain technology, and the demand-side and supply-side carbon transactions are anonymous carbon transactions between buyers and sellers. In the following, the carbon trading system 100 will be described in detail by the demand side and the supply side using the trading platform 10 to conduct carbon trading.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of each data flow in the carbon trading system 100. It is explained here that the demand side and the supply side must apply for an account before using the trading platform 10 for carbon trading. For example, the demand side and the supply side can verify the legality of their business after third-party authentication, and then apply for an account with the competent authority. Here, the competent authority may be the Environmental Protection Agency, and the account may be a greenhouse gas reduction account. When the demand side and the supply side each apply for an account to the competent authority and fill in the company's industry category and other corporate data, the trading platform 10 can synchronize or obtain the demand side and the demand side and Supply-side account information. Then, the demand side can use the demand side machine 12 to log in to the trading platform 10 with an account to set and confirm the transaction demand and expected transaction price of at least one carbon rights category, such as demand quantity and type, expected purchase amount, and so on. Therefore, the input information of the demand side will be input to the trading platform 10 through the data stream F2. Similarly, the supply side can use the supply side machine 11 and log in to the trading platform 10 with an account to set and confirm the supply demand and expected transaction price of at least one carbon rights category, such as supply quantity and type, expected sales amount, etc. Wait. Therefore, the input information of the supplier will be input to the trading platform 10 through the data stream F3. Then, the trading platform 10 may generate transaction matching information and carbon rights market price information according to the trading demand of at least one carbon rights category and the supply demand of at least one carbon rights category. Therefore, for the demand side, you can see the various carbon rights prices, types, and quantities sold by the supply side. For the supply side, you can also see the various carbon demand demand, price, type and other information set by the demand side. In other words, sellers can find suitable buyer needs through the trading platform 10, and buyers can find suitable seller products through the trading platform 10. Therefore, the demand side and the supply side can refer to the trading media information and carbon listed in the trading platform 10 Right market price information, use the data streams F4 and F5 to find business bids through the trading platform 10 for carbon trading. Since the supervisor unit machine 14 is connected to the trading platform 10, the supervisor unit machine 14 can use the data flow F6 to monitor the transaction information in the trading platform 10 at any time. Then, the financial institution can provide the carbon transaction transfer service through the financial institution machine 13 and return the transfer information to the transaction platform 10 through the data stream F7. After the carbon transaction of the demand side and the supply side is successfully completed, the machine 14 of the competent unit can use the data flow F8 to obtain the transaction price and transaction record of the carbon transaction through the transaction platform 10, and transfer the carbon quota of the supply side to the demand square. Finally, the demand side and the supply side can confirm on the trading platform 10 the type and quantity corresponding to the carbon credit after the carbon transaction is completed.

As mentioned above, because the purpose of the Environmental Protection Agency (the competent authority) is to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adjust the impact of climate change, in order to achieve a reduction in human and ecological damage. Therefore, the competent authority will define the standard for the transfer of carbon credits. Information on the standard of carbon credits transfer will also be synchronized with the trading platform 10 through the machine 14 of the competent unit. In other words, whether it is the demand side or the supply side, it is necessary to hand over the corresponding carbon rights payment quota to the competent authority according to the carbon rights quota payment standard. The trading platform 10 will also limit the carbon trading behavior in accordance with the provisions of the carbon credit quota. For example, because the supply side needs to turn in the carbon credits to the competent authority, the carbon credits sold by the supplier will be limited. In other words, the supplier needs to turn in the carbon credit payment quota stipulated by the government to the competent authority first, and if there is more carbon credit quota, it can be sold, otherwise the trading platform 10 will prohibit the supplier that fails to meet the carbon credit quota payment standard. Carbon trading. In addition, in order to avoid a monopoly in the carbon market or a collapse in market prices, the competent authority may also define restrictions on the use of carbon trading. Similarly, the restrictions on the use of carbon trading will be synchronized with the trading platform 10 through the machine 14 of the competent unit. The trading platform 10 will also restrict the behavior of carbon trading in accordance with the restrictions on the use of carbon trading, as described below.

The regulations on the use of carbon trading generated by the machine 14 of the competent unit may stipulate that the demand-side and supply-side cannot, after a predetermined period of time, use the carbon credits of certain specific sources as the offset of the greenhouse gas reduction commitments of the relevant regulations, but if The specified purpose is not limited to this. For example, the demand side and supply side The carbon credits issued for the project shall not be used as a credit for greenhouse gas reduction commitments (such as EIA credits) after three years unless they have been designated for use. The reason is that the EPA still hopes that the demand-side and supply-side enterprises can implement energy conservation and carbon reduction. Therefore, it is stipulated that the carbon credits obtained from the early project cannot be used every year to serve as an EIA offset, otherwise the enterprise The promised reduction will lose its due benefits. And, as mentioned earlier, the EPA encourages companies to participate in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. If the company complies with the promotion principles and implements the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, it can apply. As long as the company has passed the application and has been implemented and verified, the company can obtain the reduction quota issued by the Environmental Protection Agency. The reduction quota is the transaction bargaining chip in carbon rights transactions. Therefore, the supervising unit machine 14 can generate a credit-less weighting factor less than one. The competent authority may reduce the weight of carbon credits based on the credit weighting factor. For example, the competent authority stipulates that enterprises must pay in N tons of carbon. In order to encourage all enterprises to participate in reducing greenhouse gas emissions together, the carbon credit limit can be set to M tons. Therefore, after the credit, the amount of carbon payable by the enterprise is (N-M) tons. However, the competent authority may also generate a credit swap weighting factor α of less than 1 through the machine 14 of the supervisory unit to adjust the credit credit quota. Under this setting, the amount of carbon payable by the enterprise after the credit is (N-α×M) tons.

And, as mentioned above, the competent authority can also set a free nuclear quota for carbon rights through the machine 14 of the competent unit. In order to avoid the monopoly of the carbon market or the collapse of market prices, the regulations on the restrictions on the use of carbon transactions by the machine 14 of the competent unit and the trading platform 10 may also stipulate that the supplier shall not sell a predetermined proportion of the free nuclear quota of carbon rights. . The reason is that this regulation can avoid serious market price fluctuations in the carbon market. For example, if there is no such requirement, the supplier can sell the free nuclear quota of carbon rights at a high price, and then purchase the low-cost equivalent of the carbon rights through the trading platform 10, so that it can be earned through the price difference Profiteering. However, this behavior will undermine the price stability of the carbon market. Therefore, the competent authority may preset a ratio, for example, 50%. The supply side shall not sell more than 50% of the free nuclear quota of carbon rights, so as to stabilize the carbon market. Similarly, in order to avoid the monopolization of the carbon market or the collapse of market prices, the use restrictions of the carbon trading of the unit 14 of the competent unit and the trading platform 10 are synchronized. In addition, it may also be stipulated that the demand side shall not turn over the carbon rights quota obtained by the carbon exchange to the competent authority as part of the carbon rights payment quota. The reason for this is that the purpose of this regulation can also avoid serious market price fluctuations in the carbon market. For example, if there is no such requirement, the demand side can purchase a large amount of the low-cost carbon rights quota (carbon rights bought from international) sold by the supplier and submit it to the competent authority as the carbon rights payment quota. Therefore, the competent authority may preset a ratio, for example 10%. The demand side shall not turn over 10% of the carbon rights quota obtained by the carbon exchange as a part of the carbon rights payment quota to the competent authority. With the above-mentioned regulations, the carbon trading system 100 has the function of stabilizing the carbon market, and prevents the demand side and the supply side from using some means to profit and violate the principles of energy conservation and carbon reduction.

In the carbon trading system 100, the competent authority may also set the transaction exchange rate through the machine 14 of the competent unit. The competent authority may increase the carbon credit payment quota based on the transaction exchange rate. For example, the competent authority stipulates that enterprises must turn over N tons of carbon. The competent authority may set a weighting factor β corresponding to the exchange rate of the transaction. The weighting factor β may be a number less than 1. Due to the introduction of the weighting factor β, after an enterprise has paid in N tons of carbon, the equivalent carbon rights payment amount recognized by the competent authority is β×N tons. Since N is greater than β×N, in other words, the carbon amount of N tons paid in by the enterprise will not be fully recognized by the competent authority, and the competent authority only recognizes the carbon amount of β×N tons. Therefore, companies must add a certain amount of carbon to be turned over to meet the regulations of the competent authority.

Moreover, in the carbon trading system 100, since the trading platform 10 can store transaction record information of the demand side and the supply side, the transaction platform 10 can generate carbon price early warning information and establish a carbon market prediction model based on the transaction record information. For example, the trading platform 10 may generate carbon price early warning information by analyzing market fluctuations and status of carbon prices based on the transaction record information of many demand parties and many supply parties in the world, and generate a carbon market prediction model based on statistical results. The trading platform 10 can also return the carbon price warning information and the carbon market forecasting model information to the competent unit machine 14, so that the competent authority can refer to it accordingly.

In the carbon trading system 100, the trading platform 10 and the competent unit machine 14 may be the supervisory authorities corresponding to different parties, or may be the same supervisory authorities. For example, the competent authority (supervision authority) corresponding to the machine 14 of the competent unit may be the Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA can also integrate the trading platform 10 in the main Within the unit 14 of the unit. In this way, the EPA will be able to more easily grasp the supply and demand status of real-time carbon trading and the types of companies trading, etc. However, any reasonable technical or hardware changes are within the scope disclosed by the present invention. In addition, the trading platform 10 of the carbon trading system 100 can execute demand-side and supply-side carbon transactions through blockchain technology, and the demand-side and supply-side carbon transactions are anonymized carbon transactions between buyers and sellers. Here, the blockchain technology is a technical solution for storing, verifying, transmitting and communicating network data through its own decentralized nodes. Therefore, the blockchain technology can be regarded as a decentralized, open, and multi-centered large-scale network accounting book. Anyone can add their own messages using the same technical specifications and message formats at any time. In other words, the changed carbon trading messages in the trading platform 10 can be transmitted to each node through blockchain technology, and through decentralized accounting and storage, each node realizes the functions of self-verification, transmission and management of the messages. The data of the blockchain can be opened to everyone, anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface, so the information of the entire system is highly transparent. When the carbon trading system 100 uses blockchain technology to access information, as long as outsiders cannot fully control each node, they cannot manipulate or modify network data indiscriminately, that is, past transaction records. Therefore, the security of the carbon trading system 100 can be improved, and subjective and artificial data changes are also avoided.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the carbon trading system 100 when carbon trading is performed. The method for the carbon trading system 100 to execute carbon trading includes steps S401 to S407. In steps S401 to S407, any reasonable technical changes belong to the scope disclosed by the present invention. Steps S401 to S407 are described below.

Step S401: The demand side sets at least one carbon rights category trading demand in the trading platform 10; Step S402: The supply side sets at least one carbon rights category supply demand in the trading platform 10; Step S403: The trading platform 10 based on the at least one The transaction demand of the carbon rights category and the supply demand of the at least one carbon rights category generate transaction match information and carbon rights market price information; step S404: based on the transaction match information and the carbon rights market price information, the demand side and the supply side pass The trading platform 10 seeks business bids to conduct the carbon transaction; step S405: the financial institution provides a carbon transaction transfer service and returns the transfer result to the transaction platform 10; Step S406: The competent authority obtains the transaction record and transaction price of the carbon transaction through the transaction platform 10, and the transaction platform 10 records the carbon rights of the supplier and transfers it to the demand side; Step S407: The demand side and the supplier confirm the carbon transaction transaction The types and quantities corresponding to the future carbon credits.

The details of steps S401 to S407 have been described in the foregoing, so they will not be repeated here. The carbon trading system 100 uses steps S401 to S407 to execute the carbon trading process, which can be supervised by the competent authority. If the market price is abnormal or an unexpected transaction occurs, the competent authority can obtain real-time information through the trading platform 10 at any time to execute the corresponding measures.

More simply, the method of carbon trading of the present invention can be classified into several stages. At the planning stage, the competent authority manages the greenhouse gas reduction quota account. After opening the quota account, the demand side and the supply side set parameters such as the volume, type, amount, etc. of carbon trading. During the business search stage, the trading platform 10 can provide transaction match information to the demand side and the supply side for reference. During the bidding stage, the trading platform 10 will provide carbon market price information for the demand side and the supply side for reference. During the payment stage, financial institutions can provide transfer services for carbon transactions and return the transfer results to the trading platform 10. In the quota transfer phase, the competent authority obtains the transaction records and transaction prices of carbon transactions through the trading platform 10, and the trading platform 10 records the transfer of the carbon rights quota of the supplier to the demand side. At the completion of the transaction phase, the demand side and the supply side confirm the type and quantity corresponding to the carbon credit after the carbon transaction is completed.

In yet another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7, a carbon trading system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention executes a carbon transaction in a blockchain network 500, where The blockchain network 500 has a plurality of nodes 220, 230, 240a, 240b. The carbon trading system 200 includes: a carbon trading platform 220, a management node 230, and at least one trading node (which includes a demand side 240a and a supply side 240b ). The carbon trading platform 220 includes: an interface display module 221, a platform control module 222, an identity authentication module 223, a message transceiving module 225 and a trading module 224. In an embodiment, wherein body At least two of the sub-authentication module 223, the message transceiving module 225 and the transaction module 224 can be integrated into a blockchain module. The management node 230 is a node in the blockchain network 500. The management node 230 publishes an intelligence corresponding to a carbon right category for each node (for example, the demand side 240a and the supplier 240b) in the blockchain network 500. Contracts, where smart contracts contain transaction restrictions corresponding to one of the carbon rights categories, that is, different smart contracts can be designed for different carbon rights categories, and the transaction restrictions corresponding to different carbon rights categories will also be set in the smart contract, It is understandable that the trading rules are also regarded as a trading restriction. The demand side 240a is a node in the blockchain network 500, and logs in the carbon trading platform 220 to set a transaction demand in at least one carbon rights category of a trading demand information to acquire a tradable carbon rights quota. The supplier 240b is another node in the blockchain network 500, and it logs into the carbon trading platform 220 to set one of the supplier demand information of the carbon right category's trading demand information to provide the tradable carbon right quota. In one embodiment, the management node 230 and the transaction node each have their own identity authentication modules 231, 241, message transceiving modules 233, 243, transaction modules 232, 242, and distributed ledgers 234, 244 to complete the block The transactions on the chain system 210 will not be repeated here. The platform control module 222 of the carbon trading platform 220 generates a trading match information 1 and a carbon rights market price information according to the trading demand information of the carbon rights category to display on a display screen of the carbon trading platform 220. In addition, according to the displayed transaction match information and carbon rights market price information, the demand side 240a and the supply side 240b search for bids on the carbon trading platform 220 to conduct a transaction (carbon trading), in which the information sending and receiving mode of the carbon trading platform 220 After the group 225 receives a transaction request, the transaction module 224 reads the transaction information in the transaction request, submits the transaction request to the smart contract corresponding to the carbon type of the transaction in the blockchain network, and verifies the signature At least one of the identity and authority of the node that initiated the transaction; and the transaction module 224 verifies whether the node that initiated the transaction has a sufficient carbon credit balance, when the node's carbon credit balance is greater than the transaction credit and meets the requirements of the smart contract The transaction restriction is that when at least one of the two conditions is met, the message transceiving module 225 of the carbon trading platform 220 writes the transaction information in a decentralized ledger 210a (or 210b, 210c) of the blockchain system 210. In the embodiment, the carbon trading platform further includes a data storage module (not shown in the figure) for storing a copy of the distributed ledger 226. The demand side 240b executes a payment procedure Order; and the demand side 240a and the supply side 240b confirm the type and quantity of carbon rights after the carbon transaction is completed. In one embodiment, the transaction information includes at least one carbon rights transaction data and one carbon rights ownership update data. In an embodiment, the transaction information includes at least one carbon rights transaction data and one carbon rights ownership update data. In another embodiment, the carbon rights transaction data includes a carbon rights transfer unit and a unit transaction amount. It should be particularly noted here that in this embodiment, the relevant description of the competent authority (in one embodiment, it can be the management node), that is, the specified part has been fully described in the above embodiment, which is no longer Repeat.

In yet another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon trading platform 220 that executes a carbon transaction in a blockchain network 500, where the blockchain network 500 There are plural nodes and the plural nodes include a management node. The management node issues a smart contract corresponding to a carbon right category to each node in the blockchain network, wherein the smart contract includes a transaction limit corresponding to the carbon right category. The carbon trading platform 220 includes: an interface display module 221 for providing a display screen, wherein the display screen includes a login interface and a transaction input interface, wherein the transaction input interface is used by a node to input a trading demand information of a carbon right type. A platform control module 222 is used to provide a transaction match information and a carbon rights market price information on the display screen according to the carbon rights type trading demand information. An identity authentication module 223 is used to allow nodes connected to the carbon trading system to perform an identity authentication. A message transceiving module 225 is electrically connected to the identity authentication module 223 and used to receive a transaction request for a transaction broadcast from a node. A transaction module 224 and a message transceiving module 225 are electrically connected to read a transaction information in a transaction request, and submit the transaction to the smart contract corresponding to the carbon right category of the transaction in the blockchain network Transaction request, and at least one of the identity and authority of the node initiating the transaction is verified by the signature; the transaction module 224 is used to verify whether the node initiating the transaction has a sufficient balance of carbon credits, when the node's balance is greater than When at least one of the transaction amount and the transaction limit that meets the smart contract is established, the message sending and receiving module 225 writes the transaction information in a decentralized ledger 210a or decentralized ledger 210b of the blockchain network system 210 or In the distributed ledger 210c.

In yet another embodiment, please refer to FIG. 8, yet another embodiment of the present invention proposes a carbon trading method that executes a carbon transaction in a blockchain network 500, where the blockchain network 500 has plural numbers The node includes a seller transaction node 240b and a buyer transaction node 240a. In this embodiment, the seller transaction node 240b registers an account with the management node 230 before the transaction (step S801). After the seller transaction node 240b transmits the public key to the management node 230 (step S802), the management node 230 The transaction-related regulations and restrictions (such as quota) of the transaction node 240b are set in a smart contract and encrypted with one of the private keys of the management node 230 and issued (step S803, step S804). After the smart contract is issued, each node and update in their respective decentralized ledgers (step S805, step S806). If a buyer transaction node 240a proposes a transaction demand (such as buyer demand) from the carbon trading platform (step S808), the seller transaction node 240b receives the buyer demand in the carbon trading platform, the buyer transaction node 240a may pay first or wait for smart contract settings After completing the payment, the transaction is completed (steps S809-step S813). After the transaction is completed, the management node 230 confirms the content of the smart contract, and after verification, the transaction information is uploaded to the decentralized ledger (step S814-step S816).

In one embodiment, a computer software program downloaded from a communication network and/or stored in a management node in a blockchain network/or executed by the management node in the blockchain network to After logging into a carbon trading platform in a carbon trading system, perform the steps of the above embodiment. In yet another embodiment, a computer software program downloaded from a communication network and/or stored in a transaction node in a blockchain network/or executed by the transaction node in the blockchain network, After logging into a carbon trading platform in a carbon trading system, perform the steps of the above embodiment.

In summary, the present invention describes a carbon trading system and a carbon trading platform. The carbon trading system can use the above-mentioned planning stage, business-seeking stage, bidding stage, payment stage, quota transfer stage, and transaction completion stage to realize the transfer of carbon rights quota. Competent authorities can monitor market price anomalies or produce unexpected trading behaviors at any time to implement necessary measures. The carbon trading system also integrates the government's carbon credit quotas and carbon trading usage restrictions to prevent the demand side or the supply side from using some means to profit from violation of the principles of energy conservation and carbon reduction, and can also prevent the carbon market from Market price collapse Collapse. Moreover, the carbon trading system of the present invention executes the carbon trading of the demand side and the supply side through the blockchain technology. The changed carbon trading information in the trading platform can be transmitted to each node through blockchain technology. These distributed nodes can store, verify, transfer and communicate network data. Therefore, the carbon trading system of the present invention has several features. First, the crime prevention function. Due to the sound supervision mechanism and the block chain, as long as the outsiders cannot fully control more than half of the nodes, they will not be able to manipulate or modify the characteristics of the network data, so they can prevent cross-border transaction crimes, domestic crimes, and have maintenance information. And transaction security. Second, open and transparent features. Because the blockchain data of the carbon trading system can be opened to everyone, anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the public interface, so the entire system information is highly transparent. Highly transparent transaction information can build people's confidence in the system and regulations, and achieve nationwide monitoring of corporate compliance. It can also improve the effectiveness of corporate carbon rights management. Third, the function of being in line with international standards. Because the carbon trading system can use the Internet for cross-border transactions, and with the characteristics of the blockchain, traders in various countries can use the trading platform to access transaction data. Therefore, it can promote the reduction of carbon emissions in the world as a whole. And, as mentioned in the aforementioned transaction restriction information, various transaction restrictions can be set through blockchain technology to improve the effectiveness of carbon rights management in various countries. Fourth, the function of transaction supervision. The trading platform can generate carbon price warning information and establish a carbon market prediction model based on the transaction record information, and further return the carbon price warning information and the carbon market prediction model information to the competent authority. Therefore, for the competent authority, it can receive the statistical results of the carbon market and the forecast reference information, and can adjust the aforementioned handover rules and transaction restrictions, such as the amount of the weighting factor.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

200: Carbon trading system

220: Carbon trading platform

230: management node

240a: node (demand side, buyer transaction node)

240b: node (demand side, buyer transaction node)

500: Blockchain network

Claims (9)

A carbon trading system that executes a carbon transaction in a blockchain network, wherein the blockchain network has a plurality of nodes, the carbon trading system includes: a carbon trading platform, which includes: an interface display module , A platform control module, an identity authentication module, a messaging module and a transaction module; a management node is one of the nodes in the blockchain network, the management node is on the blockchain network Luzhong publishes a smart contract corresponding to a carbon right category for each of the nodes, where the smart contract includes a transaction limit corresponding to one of the carbon right categories; and at least one transaction node, which includes: a demand side, for the area One of the nodes in the blockchain network logs into the carbon trading platform to set at least one trading demand in a trading demand information of the carbon rights category to acquire a tradable carbon rights quota; and a supply side, One of the nodes in the blockchain network logs into the carbon trading platform to set at least one supply demand of the trading demand information of the carbon rights category to provide the tradable carbon rights limit; wherein the carbon trading platform The platform control module generates a transaction match information 1 and carbon rights market price information based on the trading demand information of the carbon rights category to display on a display screen of the carbon trading platform; based on the displayed transaction match information And the carbon rights market price information, the demand side and the supply side seek business bidding on the carbon trading platform to conduct a transaction, wherein after the message receiving and sending module of the carbon trading platform receives a transaction request, the transaction module Read the transaction information in the transaction request, submit the transaction request to the smart contract corresponding to the carbon class of the transaction in the blockchain network, and verify the signature of the node that initiated the transaction with the signature At least one of identity and authority; and the The transaction module verifies whether the node initiating the transaction has a sufficient balance of the carbon credit, and when the balance of the carbon credit of the node is greater than the transaction credit and at least one of the conditions that meet the transaction limit of the smart contract is satisfied At this time, the message sending and receiving module of the carbon trading platform writes the transaction information in a decentralized ledger of a blockchain system of the blockchain network; the demand side executes a payment procedure; and the demand The party and the supplier confirm the type and quantity of the carbon right after the carbon transaction is completed. The carbon trading system according to claim 1, wherein the transaction information includes at least a carbon rights transaction data and a carbon rights ownership update data. The carbon trading system according to claim 2, wherein the carbon rights transaction data includes a carbon rights transfer unit and a unit transaction amount. The carbon trading system according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the identity authentication module, the message transceiving module and the transaction module are integrated into a blockchain module. A carbon trading platform that executes a carbon transaction for a carbon credit in a blockchain network, wherein the blockchain network has a plurality of nodes, and the plurality of nodes includes a management node, and the management node is located in the In the blockchain network, a smart contract corresponding to a carbon right category is issued to each of the nodes, wherein the smart contract includes a transaction restriction corresponding to the carbon right category, and the carbon trading platform includes: an interface display module, It is used to provide a display screen, where the display screen includes a login interface and a transaction input interface, wherein the transaction input interface is used by the node to input a trading demand information of the carbon right category; a platform control module is used to The trading demand information of the carbon rights category provides a trading match information and a carbon rights market price information on the display screen; an identity authentication module is used to allow the nodes connected to the carbon trading system to perform an identity authentication; A message transceiver module, electrically connected to the identity authentication module, for receiving a message broadcast from a node, the message including a transaction request for a transaction; and a transaction module and the message transceiver module Electrical connection, used to read a transaction information in the transaction request, submit the transaction request to the smart contract corresponding to the carbon type of the transaction in the blockchain network, and initiate the signature verification At least one of the identity and the authority of the node of the transaction; the transaction module is used to verify whether the node initiating the transaction has sufficient balance of the carbon credit, when the carbon credit of the node When at least one of the balance is greater than the transaction limit and the transaction limit that meets the smart contract is met, the message transceiver module writes the transaction information to a decentralized in a blockchain system in the blockchain network In the ledger. The carbon trading platform as described in claim 5 further includes a data storage module for storing a copy of the decentralized ledger. The carbon trading platform according to claim 5, wherein the transaction information includes at least one carbon rights transaction data and one carbon rights ownership update data. The carbon trading platform as described in claim 7, wherein the carbon rights transaction data includes a carbon rights transfer unit and a unit transaction amount. The carbon trading platform according to claim 5, wherein at least two of the identity authentication module, the message transceiving module and the transaction module are integrated into a blockchain module.

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