TWI686028B - Battery protection architecture - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明係一種電池保護架構,包括功率開關元件、過電流保護設定電阻、保護控制器、第一二極體、第二二極體、切換開關以及電流感測電阻,用以提供電池保護功能。主要是利用定電流流過過電流保護設定電阻,產生過電流電壓臨限值,當作過電流保護的參考位準,使用者可使用最佳的過電流保護設定電阻而彈性調節過電流電壓臨限值。再者,由保護控制器控制切換開關而切換第一二極體、第二二極體,用以在充電或放電期間發生過電流的異常狀態時,關閉充放電迴路,避免損壞功率開關元件,達到過電流保護目的。 The present invention is a battery protection architecture, including a power switch element, an overcurrent protection setting resistor, a protection controller, a first diode, a second diode, a switch, and a current sensing resistor, to provide a battery protection function. Mainly use constant current to flow through the overcurrent protection setting resistor to generate the overcurrent voltage threshold, which is used as a reference level for overcurrent protection. Users can use the optimal overcurrent protection setting resistor to flexibly adjust the overcurrent voltage threshold Limit. Furthermore, the protection controller controls the switch to switch the first diode and the second diode to close the charge and discharge circuit to avoid damage to the power switching element when an abnormal state of overcurrent occurs during charging or discharging. To achieve the purpose of overcurrent protection.
Description
本發明係一種電池保護架構,尤其是針對可充電式電池的保護架構,包括保護控制器、功率開關元件(比如MOSFET)、第一二極體、第二二極體、切換開關以及過電流保護設定電阻,用以實現單晶片完成充電池進行充放電動作時的過充電、過放電的保護。主要由保護控制器控制內部所整合功率開關元件內的第一二極體、第二二極體進行切換,用以在電池進行充電或放電期間發生過度充電、過度放電、過電壓以及過溫的異常狀態時,關閉充放電迴路,避免電池的損壞或傷害及增加對功率開關元件的保護,達到對電池保護目的。再者,利用定電流流過過電流保護設定電阻,產生過電流電壓臨限值,當作過電流保護的參考位準,使用者可使用最佳的過電流保護設定電阻而彈性調節過電流的臨限值。 The present invention is a battery protection architecture, especially for a rechargeable battery protection architecture, including a protection controller, a power switching element (such as a MOSFET), a first diode, a second diode, a switch, and overcurrent protection Setting resistance is used to realize the protection of overcharge and overdischarge when the single chip completes the charge and discharge of the rechargeable battery. The protection controller mainly controls the switching of the first diode and the second diode in the integrated power switching element to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, overvoltage and overtemperature during battery charging or discharging. In abnormal state, close the charge and discharge circuit to avoid damage or injury of the battery and increase the protection of the power switching element to achieve the purpose of protecting the battery. Furthermore, the constant current flows through the overcurrent protection setting resistor to generate the overcurrent voltage threshold, which is used as a reference level for overcurrent protection. The user can use the optimal overcurrent protection setting resistor to flexibly adjust the overcurrent Threshold.
隨著電子工業技術的不斷進步,使得各種可攜式電子產品的愈加普及,包括手機、平板電腦、筆記型電腦、隨身影音播放器、無線耳機,而所配置的可攜式電源一般包含傳統的乾電池、鹼性電池,但這類的一次性電池只能使用一次,當電力輸出下降到下限值時,即須丟棄,造成大量難以處理的垃圾,所以非常不環保而且很浪費資源。因此,大部分的可攜式電子產品都改用可重負多次充電放電循環的充電電池,比如鋰電池。 With the continuous advancement of technology in the electronics industry, various portable electronic products have become more and more popular, including mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, portable audio and video players, wireless headphones, and the configured portable power supply generally includes traditional Dry batteries and alkaline batteries, but this type of disposable batteries can only be used once. When the power output drops to the lower limit, they must be discarded, causing a lot of garbage that is difficult to handle, so it is very environmentally friendly and wastes resources. Therefore, most portable electronic products are replaced by rechargeable batteries that can bear multiple charge and discharge cycles, such as lithium batteries.
眾所周知的是,充電電池所使用的材料相當不穩定,而當充 電電池發生過度充電或過度放電時,便很容易引起爆炸,非常的危險,對使用安全性構成嚴重挑戰。 It is well known that the materials used in rechargeable batteries are quite unstable, and when charging When the battery is overcharged or overdischarged, it will easily cause an explosion, which is very dangerous and poses a serious challenge to the safety of use.
在習用技術中,為避免發生過度充電或過度放電的問題,如第一圖所示,會利用控制器M、第一一極體D1、第二二極體D2、第一電晶體MOS1以及第二電晶體MOS2以構成保護架構,用以保護充電電池B。具體作法是,在正常充電或放電時,由控制器M導通第一電晶體MOS1以及第二電晶體MOS2,且關閉第一二極體D1、第二二極體D2,而在發生充電過電流時,關閉第一電晶體MOS1,並導通第一二極體D1,如果是放電過電流,則關閉第二電晶體MOS2,並導通第二二極體D2。再者,過電流保護的臨限值是設定為固定的電壓位準,當作是過電流的保護點,比如150mV,一般是透過第一電晶體MOS1以及第二電晶體MOS2的導通電阻,亦即RDS(ON),來選擇並決定過電流的大小。 In the conventional technology, in order to avoid the problem of overcharge or overdischarge, as shown in the first figure, the controller M, the first unipolar body D1, the second diode D2, the first transistor MOS1 and the first transistor are used. The two transistors MOS2 form a protection structure to protect the rechargeable battery B. The specific method is that during normal charging or discharging, the controller M turns on the first transistor MOS1 and the second transistor MOS2, and turns off the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, and a charging overcurrent occurs At this time, the first transistor MOS1 is turned off, and the first diode D1 is turned on. If it is a discharge overcurrent, the second transistor MOS2 is turned off, and the second diode D2 is turned on. Furthermore, the threshold of overcurrent protection is set to a fixed voltage level, which is regarded as a protection point for overcurrent, such as 150mV, generally through the on-resistance of the first transistor MOS1 and the second transistor MOS2. That is RDS (ON), to select and determine the magnitude of overcurrent.
然而,上述習用技術的缺點在於第一電晶體MOS1以及第二電晶體MOS2為串接組態,因此在正常操作狀態下,充電電流或放電電流會串流過第一電晶體MOS1以及第二電晶體MOS2而消耗部分電力,造成良費,同時降低系統中正極端BTT+及負極端BTT+之間的跨壓,影響充電電池B的充電放電效率。 However, the disadvantage of the above-mentioned conventional technology is that the first transistor MOS1 and the second transistor MOS2 are connected in series. Therefore, under normal operating conditions, the charging current or the discharge current will flow in series through the first transistor MOS1 and the second transistor The crystal MOS2 consumes part of the power and causes good costs. At the same time, it reduces the voltage across the positive terminal BTT+ and the negative terminal BTT+ in the system, affecting the charging and discharging efficiency of the rechargeable battery B.
此外,習用技術中過電流保護的臨限值在電路硬體上為固定值,使用者無法改變,在需要滿足不同過電流大小的需求時,很明顯的,只能更換相對應的控制器M,因而大幅限縮應用上的方便性。 In addition, the threshold value of overcurrent protection in the conventional technology is a fixed value on the circuit hardware, and the user cannot change it. When it is necessary to meet the needs of different overcurrent levels, it is obvious that only the corresponding controller M can be replaced. , Thus greatly reducing the convenience of application.
因此,很需要一種創新的電池保護架構,利用定電源的定電流流過過電流保護設定電阻,並將所產生電壓設定為過電流電壓臨限值, 以供過電流保護的參考位準,因而使用者可依實際需要使用具最佳電阻值的過電流保護設定電阻而到彈性調節過電流電壓臨限值的目的,再者,利用切換開關以切換第一二極體、第二二極體,用以在充電或放電期間發生過電流的異常狀態時,關閉充放電迴路,避免損壞功率開關元件,達到過電流保護目的,藉以解決習用技術的問題。 Therefore, there is a great need for an innovative battery protection architecture, which uses a constant current of a fixed power supply to flow through an overcurrent protection setting resistor, and sets the generated voltage as an overcurrent voltage threshold, It is used as a reference level for overcurrent protection, so users can use the overcurrent protection setting resistor with the best resistance value to adjust the overcurrent voltage threshold according to actual needs. Furthermore, use the switch to switch The first diode and the second diode are used to close the charge and discharge circuit to avoid damage to the power switching element and achieve the purpose of overcurrent protection when the abnormal state of overcurrent occurs during charging or discharging to solve the problem of conventional technology .
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種電池保護架構,包括功率開關元件、過電流保護設定電阻、保護控制器、第一二極體、第二二極體、切換開關以及電流感測電阻,用以提供電池保護功能,避免發生過電壓、過電流、過高溫,其中功率開關元件可為金氧半場效電晶體(MOSFET),並具有汲極、閘極及源極,而保護控制器可為微控制器(MCU)。此外,汲極至源極的跨壓是當作充電導通電壓,而源極至汲極的跨壓是當作放電導通電壓。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a battery protection architecture, including a power switching element, an overcurrent protection setting resistor, a protection controller, a first diode, a second diode, a switch, and a current sensing resistor to provide Battery protection function to avoid over-voltage, over-current, and over-temperature. The power switching element can be a metal-oxide half field effect transistor (MOSFET) with drain, gate, and source, and the protection controller can be micro-control Device (MCU). In addition, the drain-to-source crossover voltage is regarded as the charge-on voltage, and the source-to-drain crossover voltage is regarded as the discharge-on voltage.
具體而言,保護控制器具有電源端、接地端、過電流電壓設定端、控制端、切換端以及電流感測端,其中控制端是連接至功率開關元件的閘極,電源端及接地端是分別連接至充電電池的正極及負極,而功率開關元件的汲極是連接充電電池的負極,保護控制器的過電流電壓設定端連接過電流保護設定電阻的一端,而過電流保護設定電阻的另一端是連接至充電電池的負極。 Specifically, the protection controller has a power terminal, a ground terminal, an overcurrent voltage setting terminal, a control terminal, a switching terminal, and a current sensing terminal, where the control terminal is a gate connected to the power switching element, and the power terminal and the ground terminal are Connected to the positive and negative poles of the rechargeable battery respectively, and the drain of the power switching element is connected to the negative pole of the rechargeable battery, the overcurrent voltage setting end of the protection controller is connected to one end of the overcurrent protection setting resistance, and the other of the overcurrent protection setting resistance One end is connected to the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery.
此外,第一二極體的正極是連接功率開關元件的汲極,第二二極體的負極是連接功率開關元件的汲極。切換開關具有輸入端、第一輸出端及第二輸出端,其中輸入端連接至保護控制器的切換端,第一輸出端 連接至第一二極體的負極,而第二輸出端連接至第二二極體的正極。進一步,電流感測端連接電流感測電阻的一端,而電流感測電阻的另一端是連接至功率開關元件的源極,並由電流感測端產生電流感測電壓。 In addition, the anode of the first diode is connected to the drain of the power switching element, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the power switching element. The switch has an input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the input terminal is connected to the switching terminal of the protection controller, and the first output terminal It is connected to the negative electrode of the first diode, and the second output terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode. Further, the current sensing terminal is connected to one end of the current sensing resistor, and the other end of the current sensing resistor is connected to the source of the power switching element, and the current sensing terminal generates the current sensing voltage.
充電電池的正極連接正極端,且功率開關元件的源極進一步連接負極端,而正極端及負極端進一步連接外部裝置,其中充電電池可為鋰系充電電池,而外部裝置可為充電積體電路(Charger IC)、升壓(Boost)IC或降壓(Buck)IC。 The positive electrode of the rechargeable battery is connected to the positive terminal, and the source of the power switching element is further connected to the negative terminal, and the positive terminal and the negative terminal are further connected to external devices, wherein the rechargeable battery can be a lithium-based rechargeable battery, and the external device can be a charging integrated circuit (Charger IC), boost (Boost) IC or buck (Buck) IC.
尤其,保護控制器包含定電流源以及處理核心。定電流源產生定電流,並輸出至過電流電壓設定端,此時,過電流電壓設定端的電壓被當作過電流電壓臨限值。處理核心接收並比較過電流電壓臨限值、充電導通電壓以及放電導通電壓,藉以產生並輸出控制信號至控制端,同時產生並輸出切換信號至切換端。當充電導通電壓為正值時,處理核心判斷充電電池是在進行充電,而當放電導通電壓為正值時,處理核心判斷充電電池是在進行放電。 In particular, the protection controller contains a constant current source and a processing core. The constant current source generates a constant current and outputs it to the overcurrent voltage setting terminal. At this time, the voltage at the overcurrent voltage setting terminal is regarded as the overcurrent voltage threshold. The processing core receives and compares the over-current voltage threshold, the charge-on voltage and the discharge-on voltage to generate and output a control signal to the control terminal, and at the same time generate and output a switching signal to the switching terminal. When the charge-on voltage is positive, the processing core determines that the rechargeable battery is charging, and when the discharge-on voltage is positive, the processing core determines that the rechargeable battery is discharging.
當充電電池進行充電且充電導通電壓大於或等於過電流電壓臨限值時,表示充電電池發生過度充電(過充),因此,控制信號關閉該功率開關元件,同時該切換開關依據該切換信號以連接該輸入端至該第一輸出端,進而導通該第一二極體,並關閉該第二二極體。 When the rechargeable battery is charged and the charge-on voltage is greater than or equal to the overcurrent voltage threshold, it indicates that the rechargeable battery is overcharged (overcharged). Therefore, the control signal turns off the power switch element, and the switch is based on the switch signal to The input terminal is connected to the first output terminal, and then the first diode is turned on, and the second diode is turned off.
當充電電池進行放電且放電導通電壓大於或等於過電流電壓臨限值時,表示發生過度充電(過放),則由控制信號關閉功率開關元件,同時切換開關依據切換信號以連接輸入端至第二輸出端,進而關閉第一二極體,並導通第二二極體。 When the rechargeable battery is discharged and the discharge conduction voltage is greater than or equal to the overcurrent voltage threshold, indicating that overcharge (overdischarge) occurs, the power switch element is turned off by the control signal, and the switch is connected to the input terminal according to the switch signal to the first The two output terminals turn off the first diode and turn on the second diode.
當充電電池進行充電且充電導通電壓小於過電流電壓臨限值時,或當放電電池進行放電且放電導通電壓小於過電流電壓臨限值時,由控制信號導通功率開關元件,並由切換開關依據切換信號關閉該第一二極體及該第二二極體。 When the rechargeable battery is charged and the charge-on voltage is less than the overcurrent voltage threshold, or when the discharge battery is discharged and the discharge-on voltage is less than the overcurrent voltage threshold, the power switching element is turned on by the control signal, and the switch is based on The switching signal turns off the first diode and the second diode.
因此,本發明可具體實現過充、過放時的保護功能。 Therefore, the present invention can specifically realize the protection function during overcharge and overdischarge.
此外,處理核心還可監測整體溫度是否超出臨限值而判斷是否發生過度高溫(過溫),比如功率開關元件或處理核心本身是否過溫,進而實現過溫保護功能。 In addition, the processing core can also monitor whether the overall temperature exceeds the threshold to determine whether excessive high temperature (over temperature) occurs, such as whether the power switching element or the processing core itself is over temperature, and then realize the over temperature protection function.
很明顯,本發明利用定電源的定電流流過過電流保護設定電阻,並將所產生電壓設定為過電流電壓臨限值,以供過電流保護的參考位準,因而使用者可依實際需要使用具最佳電阻值的過電流保護設定電阻而達到彈性調節過電流電壓臨限值的目的,再者,利用切換開關以切換第一二極體、第二二極體,用以在充電或放電期間發生過電流的異常狀態時,關閉充放電迴路,避免損壞功率開關元件,達到過電流保護目的。 Obviously, the present invention uses the constant current of the fixed power supply to flow through the overcurrent protection setting resistor, and sets the generated voltage as the overcurrent voltage threshold, so as to provide a reference level for overcurrent protection, so the user can according to actual needs Use the over-current protection setting resistor with the best resistance value to achieve the purpose of elastically adjusting the over-current voltage threshold. Furthermore, use the switch to switch the first diode and the second diode for charging or When an abnormal state of overcurrent occurs during discharge, close the charge and discharge circuit to avoid damage to the power switching element and achieve the purpose of overcurrent protection.
10‧‧‧保護控制器 10‧‧‧Protection controller
12‧‧‧定電流源 12‧‧‧ Constant current source
14‧‧‧處理核心 14‧‧‧ processing core
20‧‧‧切換開關 20‧‧‧Switch
B‧‧‧充電電池 B‧‧‧rechargeable battery
BTT+‧‧‧正極端 BTT+‧‧‧Positive extreme
BTT-‧‧‧負極端 BTT-‧‧‧Negative terminal
D1‧‧‧第一二極體 D1‧‧‧ First Diode
D2‧‧‧第二二極體 D2‧‧‧ Second Diode
I‧‧‧定電流 I‧‧‧Constant current
IN‧‧‧輸入端 IN‧‧‧input
M‧‧‧控制器 M‧‧‧Controller
MOS1‧‧‧第一電晶體 MOS1‧‧‧First transistor
MOS2‧‧‧第二電晶體 MOS2‧‧‧second transistor
OUT1‧‧‧第一輸出端 OUT1‧‧‧ First output
OUT2‧‧‧第二輸出端 OUT2‧‧‧second output
Q‧‧‧功率開關元件 Q‧‧‧Power switch element
ROV‧‧‧過電流保護設定電阻 ROV‧‧‧Overcurrent protection setting resistance
RCS‧‧‧電流感測電阻 RCS‧‧‧Current sensing resistor
VCT‧‧‧控制信號 VCT‧‧‧Control signal
VSW‧‧‧切換信號 VSW‧‧‧switch signal
X‧‧‧第一節點 X‧‧‧First node
Y‧‧‧第二節點 Y‧‧‧The second node
CT‧‧‧控制端 CT‧‧‧Control
CS‧‧‧電流感測端 CS‧‧‧Current sensing terminal
GND‧‧‧接地端 GND‧‧‧Ground terminal
OV‧‧‧過電壓設定端 OV‧‧‧Over voltage setting terminal
SW‧‧‧切換端 SW‧‧‧Switch
VCC‧‧‧電源端 VCC‧‧‧Power terminal
第一圖顯示習用技術電池保護架構的示意圖。 The first figure shows a schematic diagram of a conventional technology battery protection architecture.
第二圖顯示依據本發明實施例電池保護架構的示意圖。 The second figure shows a schematic diagram of a battery protection architecture according to an embodiment of the invention.
以下配合圖示及元件符號對本發明之實施方式做更詳細的說明,俾使熟習該項技藝者在研讀本說明書後能據以實施。 The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to icons and component symbols, so that those skilled in the art can implement them after studying this specification.
請參考第二圖,本發明實施例電池保護架構的示意圖。如第二圖所示,本發明實施例的電池保護架構包括功率開關元件Q、過電流保護
設定電阻ROV、保護控制器10、第一二極體D1、第二二極體D2、切換開關20以及電流感測電阻RCS,用以提供電池保護功能,避免發生過電壓、過電流、過高溫。功率開關元件Q、保護控制器10、第一二極體D1、第二二極體D2、切換開關20以及電流感測電阻RCS可為分立的元件,也可以較佳的整合成單一的積體電路(IC)。
Please refer to the second figure, a schematic diagram of a battery protection architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the second figure, the battery protection architecture of the embodiment of the present invention includes a power switching element Q and overcurrent protection
Setting resistance ROV,
上述的功率開關元件Q可為金氧半場效電晶體(MOSFET),並具有汲極、閘極及源極,而保護控制器10可為微控制器(MCU)。
The above-mentioned power switching element Q may be a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), and has a drain, a gate, and a source, and the
再者,功率開關元件Q的汲極至源極的跨壓是當作充電導通電壓,而源極至汲極的跨壓是當作放電導通電壓。 Furthermore, the drain-to-source crossover voltage of the power switching element Q is regarded as the charging conduction voltage, and the source-to-drain crossover voltage is regarded as the discharge conduction voltage.
具體而言,保護控制器10具有電源端VCC、接地端GND、過電壓設定端OV、控制端CT、切換端SW以及電流感測端CS,其中電源端VCC、接地端GND分別連接充電電池B的正極及負極,且保護控制器10是經由電源端VCC、接地端GND感測充電電池B的端電壓,並經由控制端CT輸出控制信號,用以導通或關閉功率開關元件Q,同時,經由切換端SW輸出切換信號,用以導通或關閉第一二極體D1、第二二極體D2。
Specifically, the
充電電池B的正極及負極是分別連接正極端BTT+及負極端BTT-,且正極端BTT+及負極端BTT-還進一步連接外部裝置(圖中未顯示),比如充電積體電路(Charger IC)、升壓(Boost)IC、降壓(Buck)IC。再者,上述的充電電池B可為鋰系充電電池。 The positive and negative terminals of the rechargeable battery B are connected to the positive terminal BTT+ and the negative terminal BTT-, respectively, and the positive terminal BTT+ and the negative terminal BTT- are further connected to external devices (not shown in the figure), such as a charging IC (Charger IC), Boost (Boost) IC, buck (Buck) IC. Furthermore, the above-mentioned rechargeable battery B may be a lithium-based rechargeable battery.
此外,保護控制器10的過電流電壓設定端OV連接過電流保護設定電阻ROV的一端,且過電流保護設定電阻ROV的另一端是連接至充電電池B的負極。第一二極體D1的正極是連接功率開關元件Q的汲極,而第
二二極體D2的負極是連接功率開關元件Q的汲極。
In addition, the overcurrent voltage setting terminal OV of the
切換開關20具有輸入端IN、第一輸出端OUT1及第二輸出端OUT2,其中輸入端IN連接至保護控制器10的切換端SW,第一輸出端OUT1連接至第一二極體D1的負極,而第二輸出端OUT2連接第二二極體D2的正極。進一步,電流感測端CS連接電流感測電阻RCS的一端,而電流感測電阻RCS的另一端是連接至功率開關元件Q的源極,且由電流感測端CS產生電流感測電壓。
The
更加具體而言,保護控制器10是包含定電流源12以及處理核心14,其中定電流源12產生並輸出定電流I至過電流電壓設定端OV,進而流過過電流保護設定電阻ROV,且在過電流電壓設定端OV的電壓是當作過電流電壓臨限值,而處理核心14接收並比較過電流電壓臨限值、充電導通電壓以及放電導通電壓,藉以產生並輸出控制信號VCT至控制端CT,同時產生並輸出切換信號VSW至切換端SW。
More specifically, the
當充電導通電壓為正值時,表示有一電流由節點X流向節點Y,所以處理核心14判斷充電電池B是在進行充電,而當放電導通電壓為正值時,表示有一電流由節點Y流向節點X,所以處理核心14判斷充電電池是在進行放電。
When the charge-on voltage is positive, it indicates that there is a current flowing from node X to node Y, so the
如果充電電池B是在進行充電中而且充電導通電壓是大於或等於過電流電壓臨限值,即表示充電電池B發生異常狀態的過度充電(或簡稱過充),充電電流過大,因此,控制信號VCT關閉功率開關元件Q,同時切換開關20依據切換信號VSW以連接輸入端IN至第一輸出端OUT1,進而導通第一二極體D1,並關閉第二二極體D2。其功效為將過大的充電電流直接
流過第一二極體D1,而不流過功率開關元件Q,進而保護功率開關元件Q以免損壞。
If the rechargeable battery B is being charged and the charge-on voltage is greater than or equal to the overcurrent voltage threshold, it means that the rechargeable battery B has abnormally overcharged (or simply referred to as overcharge), and the charging current is too large. Therefore, the control signal VCT turns off the power switching element Q, and at the same time, the
如果充電電池B在進行放電且放電導通電壓是大於或等於過電流電壓臨限值,即表示發生異常狀態的過度充電(或簡稱過放),放電電流過大,此時,控制信號VCT關閉功率開關元件Q,同時切換開關20依據切換信號VSW以連接輸入端IN至第二輸出端OUT2,進而關閉第一二極體D1,並導通第二二極體D2。此時,所達成的功效為將過大的放電電流直接流過第二二極體D2,而不流過功率開關元件Q,進而保護功率開關元件Q以免損壞。
If the rechargeable battery B is discharging and the discharge conduction voltage is greater than or equal to the overcurrent voltage threshold, it means that an abnormal state of overcharging (or simply overdischarge) occurs and the discharge current is too large. At this time, the control signal VCT turns off the power switch The element Q and the
如果充電電池B進行充電且充電導通電壓是小於過電流電壓臨限值,亦即正常的充電狀態,或是如果放電電池B進行放電且放電導通電壓是小於過電流電壓臨限值,亦即正常的放電狀態,則控制信號VCT導通功率開關元件Q,並由切換開關20依據切換信號VSW同時關閉第一二極體D1及第二二極體D2。
If the rechargeable battery B is charged and the charge-on voltage is less than the overcurrent voltage threshold, which is the normal state of charge, or if the discharge battery B is discharged and the discharge-on voltage is less than the overcurrent voltage threshold, which is normal In the discharge state, the control signal VCT turns on the power switching element Q, and the
較佳的,處理核心14在一開機時,所產生的控制信號VCT是用以導通功率開關元件Q,同時,所產生的切換信號VSW是同時關閉第一二極體D1及第二二極體D2,亦即,在啟始狀態下,功率開關元件Q是導通,而第一二極體D1及第二二極體D2是關閉。
Preferably, when the
另外,處理核心14還可進一步提供過度高溫(過溫)的保護功能,主要是偵測並監視功率開關元件Q的溫度或是整個保護控制器10的溫度,並在溫度超過臨限溫度時,認為發生過溫的異常狀態,此時,處理核心14驅動控制信號以關閉功率開關元件,並驅動切換信號而由切換開關同
時關閉第一二極體及第一二極體。
In addition, the
綜上所述,本發明的特點在於利用定電源的定電流流過過電流保護設定電阻,並將所產生電壓設定為過電流電壓臨限值,供過電流保護的參考位準,可依實際需要使用具最佳電阻值的過電流保護設定電阻,藉以達到彈性調節過電流電壓臨限值的目的。 In summary, the present invention is characterized by using a constant current of a fixed power source to flow through an overcurrent protection setting resistor, and setting the generated voltage as an overcurrent voltage threshold. The reference level for overcurrent protection can be based on actual conditions. It is necessary to use the overcurrent protection setting resistor with the best resistance value to achieve the purpose of elastically adjusting the overcurrent voltage threshold.
本發明的另一特點在於利用切換開關而切換第一二極體、第二二極體,用以在充電或放電期間發生過電流的異常狀態時,形成旁通路徑以導引異常的過電流,避免功率開關元件損壞,達到過電流保護目的。尤其,本發明可只使用單一的功率開關元件,大幅簡化系統配置、電路佈局,提升操作的可靠度及穩定性。 Another feature of the present invention is that the first diode and the second diode are switched by using a switch to form a bypass path to guide the abnormal overcurrent when an abnormal state of overcurrent occurs during charging or discharging , To avoid damage to the power switching element, to achieve the purpose of overcurrent protection. In particular, the present invention can use only a single power switching element, greatly simplifying system configuration and circuit layout, and improving the reliability and stability of operation.
以上所述者僅為用以解釋本發明之較佳實施例,並非企圖據以對本發明做任何形式上之限制,是以,凡有在相同之發明精神下所作有關本發明之任何修飾或變更,皆仍應包括在本發明意圖保護之範疇。 The above are only for explaining the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form, so that any modifications or changes made to the present invention under the same spirit of the invention , Should still be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
10‧‧‧保護控制器 10‧‧‧Protection controller
12‧‧‧定電流源 12‧‧‧ Constant current source
14‧‧‧處理核心 14‧‧‧ processing core
20‧‧‧切換開關 20‧‧‧Switch
B‧‧‧充電電池 B‧‧‧rechargeable battery
BTT+‧‧‧正極端 BTT+‧‧‧Positive extreme
BTT-‧‧‧負極端 BTT-‧‧‧Negative terminal
D1‧‧‧第一二極體 D1‧‧‧ First Diode
D2‧‧‧第二二極體 D2‧‧‧ Second Diode
I‧‧‧定電流 I‧‧‧Constant current
IN‧‧‧輸入端 IN‧‧‧input
OUT1‧‧‧第一輸出端 OUT1‧‧‧ First output
OUT2‧‧‧第二輸出端 OUT2‧‧‧second output
Q‧‧‧功率開關元件 Q‧‧‧Power switch element
ROV‧‧‧過電流保護設定電阻 ROV‧‧‧Overcurrent protection setting resistance
RCS‧‧‧電流感測電阻 RCS‧‧‧Current sensing resistor
VCT‧‧‧控制信號 VCT‧‧‧Control signal
VSW‧‧‧切換信號 VSW‧‧‧switch signal
X‧‧‧第一節點 X‧‧‧First node
Y‧‧‧第二節點 Y‧‧‧The second node
Claims (6)
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