TWI680288B - 由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置 - Google Patents

由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置 Download PDF

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TWI680288B
TWI680288B TW107140056A TW107140056A TWI680288B TW I680288 B TWI680288 B TW I680288B TW 107140056 A TW107140056 A TW 107140056A TW 107140056 A TW107140056 A TW 107140056A TW I680288 B TWI680288 B TW I680288B
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electrode
liquid crystal
crystal molecules
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TW202018269A (zh
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林怡欣
Yi-Hsin Lin
張家銘
Chia-Ming Chang
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國立交通大學
National Chiao Tung University
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Abstract

本發明提供一種由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置，包含一絕緣基板、複數電極膜單元，及一液晶聚合物複合膜，每一個電極膜單元一第一電極及一第二電極，該液晶聚合物複合膜覆蓋該等電極膜單元並包括一與該環境空氣接觸的接觸面及複數個液晶分子，每一個液晶分子具有一親水部分及一疏水部分，藉由施加電壓於該第一電極及該第二電極而產生一電場，而改變該等液晶分子的排列位向，使該接觸面具有親水性，進而使環境空氣中的水氣易於該接觸面凝結而被收集。

Description

由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置
本發明是有關於一種集水裝置，特別是指一種由環境空氣中擷取水滴的集水裝置。
由於日趨嚴重的氣候極端變化，以及人口增加等原因，使得地球上可使用的水資源面臨缺乏的危機，將造成糧食短缺、疾病爆發等問題，為解決水資源缺乏的問題，目前已有許多不同類型的大氣集水裝置。
一般的大氣集水裝置大致可分為冷凝式及乾燥式兩種。冷凝式集水裝置是利用熱交換系統冷卻空氣，或是利用土壤提供的低溫環境來使空氣降溫，使空氣中的水氣可冷凝而被收集，但冷凝式集水裝置若需大規模集水必須消耗相當多能源，且裝置複雜不易安裝。乾燥式集水裝置是利用特殊鹽類的潮解作用吸收空氣中的水氣，之後再利用淨化系統獲得乾淨的水，但乾燥式集水裝置不但在集水後還需耗費能源以濾除水中鹽分，且技術門檻較高，因此並無法大規模且節能的集水。此外也有利用特殊纖維網材料收集霧水及露水的裝置，但須在日夜溫差大且濕度高的地區才有較佳的集水效果，且後續收集過程需仰賴重力效應來達成，使得集水效率不佳。
因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種易於由環境空氣擷取水滴並可移動該水滴的裝置。
於是，本發明由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置，包含一絕緣基板、複數個電極膜單元，及一液晶聚合物複合膜。
該絕緣基板包括一上表面，該上表面定義了複數個彼此錯開的電極形成區域，每一個電極形成區域具有一第一區、一與該第一區相間隔的第二區，及一設置於該第一區及該第二區間的中間區。
該等電極膜單元是對應形成於該等電極形成區域，且每一個電極膜單元包括一第一電極及一第二電極。該第一電極具有一對應形成於該第一區的第一基部，及複數個第一指電極部，該等第一指電極部是對應形成於該中間區且彼此錯開，且每一個第一指電極部是由該第一基部朝對應的該第二區方向延伸。該第二電極與該第一電極電性絕緣，具有一對應形成於該第二區的第二基部，及複數個第二指電極部，該等第二指電極部是對應形成於該中間區，並與該等第一指電極部交替設置，且每一個第二指電極部是由該第二基部朝該第一基部方向延伸。
該液晶聚合物複合膜覆蓋該等電極膜單元，包括一暴露於環境空氣的接觸面，該接觸面具有複數個接觸區域，每一個接觸區域對應設置於該等電極膜單元的其中一者，且具有複數個液晶分子，每一個液晶分子具有一親水官能基及一疏水部分。
使得當該等液晶分子被複數個聚合物顆粒維持於一第一位向時，對應的該接觸區域具有親水性及疏水性的其中之一。
以及，使得當電壓施加於其中一電極膜單元中的該第一電極與該第二電極間，而產生一邊緣電場(Fringing field)時，該對應的接觸區域的該等液晶分子被該平面電場定位於一第二位向，以允許該對應的接觸區域被切換成親水性及疏水性的其中另一，從而使由該環境空氣所凝結的該水滴於該接觸面上移動。
本發明之功效在於：藉由該等液晶分子具有親水官能基及疏水部分，於施加電壓於該裝置時，該等液晶分子可藉由產生的電場而改變排列位向，使該接觸區域的親疏水性改變，進而使大氣中的水氣易於該接觸面凝結並可被移動收集。
在本發明被詳細描述之前，應當注意的是圖式僅為說明之目的，並未依比例繪制，且非意圖表示下敘元件的實際尺寸或實際相對尺寸。
參閱圖1~圖3，本發明由環境空氣中擷取水滴100的裝置的一實施例包含一絕緣基板1、複數個電極膜單元2、一液晶聚合物複合膜3，及一冷卻單元4。
該絕緣基板1可選自高分子或玻璃等絕緣材料，包括一上表面10，該上表面10定義了複數個彼此錯開的電極形成區域11，每一個電極形成區域11具有一第一區111、一與該第一區111相間隔的第二區112，及一設於該第一區111及該第二區112間的中間區113。
該等電極膜單元2是對應形成於該等電極形成區域11，每一個電極膜單元2包括一第一電極21及一第二電極22，且該每一個電極膜單元2可藉由該第一電極21及該第二電極22的配合各自獨立施加電壓至該液晶聚合物複合膜3。
詳細地說，該第一電極21具有一對應形成於該第一區111的第一基部211，及複數個形成於該中間區113且彼此錯開的第一指電極部212。該等第一指電極部212是自該第一基部211朝遠離該第一基部211方向延伸。要說明的是，該等第一指電極部212呈鋸齒條狀且鋸齒部分的夾角可以是任意的夾角角度並無特別限制，於本實施例中，是以該等第一指電極部212呈鋸齒條狀且鋸齒部分的夾角為150度為例說明。
於一些實施例中，每一個第一指電極部212的寬度介於4至25微米。
於一些實施例中，每一個第一指電極部212的寬度介於4至15微米。
於一些實施例中，每一個第一指電極部212的寬度介於4至5微米。
該第二電極22與該第一電極21彼此間隔，並可用於與該第一電極21配合電連接，該第二電極22具有一對應形成於該第二區112的第二基部221，及複數個形成於該中間區113並與該等第一指電極部212交替排列的第二指電極部222，該等第二指電極部222是自該第二基部221朝該第一基部211方向延伸，且每一個第二指電極部222的尺寸及形狀與該等第一指電極部212的形狀或尺寸可為相同或不同。
該液晶聚合物複合膜3覆蓋該等電極膜單元2，包括一暴露於環境空氣的接觸面31，該接觸面31具有複數個接觸區域311，該等接觸區域311與該等電極膜單元2的位置相對應，且每一個接觸區域311具有複數個液晶分子312，每一個液晶分子312具有一親水官能基及一疏水部分。
具體的說，該液晶聚合物複合膜3包括複數聚合物顆粒313及該等液晶分子312，該等液晶分子312被該等聚合物顆粒313維持於一第一位向(如圖2所示)，並可於受到由該第一電極21及該第二電極22配合產生的電場時偏轉至一第二位向(如圖3所示)。每一個液晶分子312的該親水官能基可以是氰基，該疏水部分則可包括苯基，據此，該等液晶分子312可選自4-戊基-4'-氰基聯苯、4-庚基-4'-氰基聯苯、4-辛氧基-4-氰基聯苯、4-戊基-4'-氰基三聯苯，及上述的其中一組合。要說明的是，因該等液晶分子312具有該親水官能基及該疏水部分，因此，當該等液晶分子312被該等聚合物顆粒313維持於該第一位向時，將令該接觸區域311具有親水性及疏水性的其中之一，當該等液晶分子312由該第一位向偏轉至該第二位向時，該接觸區域311則具有親水性及疏水性的另一種。
該冷卻單元4設於該絕緣基板1反向該等電極膜單元2的表面，用於降低該接觸面31的溫度以低於露點，達成降溫冷卻的目的，而使環境空氣中的水氣更容易於該接觸面31凝結。該冷卻單元4可以是冷媒式或是半導體製冷晶片、由吸熱材料構成的冷卻板，或式冷卻循環管等，只要是可達成降溫冷卻的目的即可，並無特別限制。
要說明的是，該冷卻單元4也可視環境溫差及濕度而選擇不設置該冷卻單元4，該裝置依然可發揮其功效，且可降低生產成本。
配合參閱圖4及圖5，該液晶聚合物複合膜3是由下述步驟91至步驟94製作而得：
步驟91：提供形成有該等電極膜單元2的該絕緣基板1及一具有一配向層6的上層基板5，該配向層6具有一預定圖案，且該上層基板5是與該絕緣基板1相間隔，以於該配向層6及該等電極膜單元2間定義一填充空間7。
步驟92：將一包含該等液晶分子312及複數個液晶性單體的混合物填充於該填充空間7，令該等液晶子312被該配向層6配向於一第一位向。該等液晶性單體分子選自有能受電場改變方向之介電非等向性，且同時具有親/疏水非等向性的有機材料。於該具體例中該等液晶性單體是以4-(3-丙烯醯氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸 2-甲基-1,4-苯酯為例說明。
步驟93：固化該等液晶性單體以形成該等聚合物顆粒313，且該等液晶分子312會與該等聚合物顆粒313相分離，並被該等聚合物顆粒313維持於該第一位向。
步驟94：移除該上層基板5及該配向層6，使該液晶聚合物複合3膜留置並覆蓋該等電極膜單元2，即完成該液晶聚合物複合膜3的製作。
於使用該實施例時，是將該接觸面31與環境空氣接觸，並施加電壓於該等第一電極21與該等第二電極22間，而產生通過該液晶聚合物複合膜3的電場，令對應的該接觸區域311中的該等液晶分子312由該第一位向偏轉至該第二位向(如圖2、3所示)，於本實施例中是以該等液晶分子312位於該第一位向時，該接觸區域311呈疏水性，而該等液晶分子312位於該第二位向時，該接觸區域311呈親水性為例做說明，因此，當該等液晶分子312位於該第二位向時，可使環境空氣中的水氣易於呈親水性的該接觸區域311凝結成水滴100，且該等水滴100於呈親水性的該接觸區域311上易彼此互相結合而形成更大的水滴100，可避免該等水滴100尺寸過小時，因表面積大而易於凝結後又蒸發消散的問題，而能更進一步提升該裝置的集水效率。此外，要再說明的是，由於水滴會隨時間成長達到一終端大小(約150um)，因此，在成長到此大小前也可以藉由移動於不同處收極的水滴以加速水滴的結合、收集。因此，一組電極所占區域的寬度範圍可進一步控制為20um~2mm，以利於移動水滴並加速收集。
此外，本發明該裝置還可藉由控制該等接觸區域311的親/疏水性，而使於該接觸面31上凝結的該等水滴100可移動而被收集。
詳細地說，當環境中的水氣於具有親水性的該接觸區域311上凝結成該等水滴100後，控制施加電壓使該接觸區域311的該等液晶分子312偏轉至該第一位向，而令具有凝結的該等水滴的該接觸區域311呈疏水性，並使與該疏水性接觸區域311相鄰的接觸區域311呈親水性，則該等水滴100將往相鄰且具有親水性的接觸區域311移動，藉由反覆調控該等接觸區域311的親/疏水性，可使該等水滴100往特定方向移動而被收集。一般利用重力收集水滴100的方式需使水滴100凝結至一定的尺寸後，才能克服凝結面的摩擦力而下滑被收集，收集過程需耗費較多時間，且會有凝結的水滴100還未成長至足夠克服摩擦力的尺寸即蒸發消散的問題，收集成效低，相較下，本發明該裝置藉由控制施加電壓改變該等接觸區域311的親/疏水性，使水滴100可被移動收集，能更加提升本發明該裝置的集水效率。
綜上所述，本發明由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置，藉由控制具有親水官能基及疏水部分的該等液晶分子312的偏轉，而使該等接觸區域311的親疏水性改變，不僅可使大氣中的水氣易於該等接觸區域311凝結，且凝結後的該等水滴100可被移動收集，集水效率高，可應用於取得乾淨水源，以解決目前水資源缺乏問題，此外，也可應用於除濕機中以更有效率的收集空氣中多餘的水氣，故確實可達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
1‧‧‧絕緣基板
10‧‧‧上表面
11‧‧‧電極形成區域
111‧‧‧第一區
112‧‧‧第二區
113‧‧‧中間區
2‧‧‧電極膜單元
21‧‧‧第一電極
211‧‧‧第一基部
212‧‧‧第一指電極部
22‧‧‧第二電極
221‧‧‧第二基部
222‧‧‧第二指電極部
3‧‧‧液晶聚合物複合膜
31‧‧‧接觸面
311‧‧‧接觸區域
312‧‧‧液晶分子
313‧‧‧聚合物顆粒
4‧‧‧冷卻單元
5‧‧‧上層基板
6‧‧‧配向層
7‧‧‧填充空間
100‧‧‧水滴
91~94‧‧‧步驟
本發明之其他的特徵及功效，將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現，其中： 圖1是一示意圖，說明本發明由環境空氣擷取水的裝置的一實施例； 圖2是一放大示意圖，說明該實施例中的複數液晶分子被複數聚合物顆粒維持在一第一位向； 圖3是一放大示意圖，說明該實施例中的該等液晶分子位於一第二位向。 圖4是一剖視圖，說明一形成有一電極膜單元的絕緣基板與一包括一配向層的上層基板共同界定出一填充空間；及 圖5是一流程圖，說明該液晶聚合物複合膜的製作方法；

Claims (7)

  1. 一種由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置，包含：一絕緣基板，其具有一上表面，該上表面定義了彼此錯開的複數個電極形成區域，該等電極形成區域之每一者具有一第一區、一與該第一區隔開的第二區，以及一設置於該第一區及該第二區之間的中間區；複數個電極膜單元，其等之每一者係形成於該等電極形成區域之一對應者上，且該等電極膜單元之每一者係包括：一第一電極，其具有一形成於對應的該第一區之上的第一基部，以及複數個第一指電極部，該等第一指電極部係形成於對應的該中間區且彼此錯開，該等第一指電極部之每一者係由該第一基部延伸朝向對應的該第二區，及一第二電極，其與該第一電極電性絕緣，且其具有一形成於該對應的第二區之上的第二基部，以及複數個第二指電極部，該等第二指電極部係形成於該對應的中間區而與該等第一指電極交替設置，該等第二指電極部之每一者係由該第二基部延伸朝向該第一基部；一液晶聚合物複合膜，其設置成覆蓋該等電極膜單元，且具有一暴露於該環境空氣的接觸面，該接觸面係具有複數個接觸區域，該等接觸區域之每一者在位置上係對應於該等電極膜單元之一相應者，且該等接觸區域之每一者具有複數個液晶分子，該等液晶分子之每一者具有一親水官能基及一疏水部分，使得當該等液晶分子係被複數個聚合物顆粒維持於一第一位向之時，對應的該接觸區域係被允許具有親水性及疏水性之其中一者，以及使得當一電壓係施加於該等電極膜單元之其中一者的該第一電極及該第二電極之間，而產生一邊緣電場時，該對應的接觸區域之該等液晶分子係被該平面電場的定位於一第二位向，以允許該對應的接觸區域被切換成該親水性及該疏水性之另一者，從而容許由該環境空氣所凝結的該水滴被移動於該接觸面之上；以及一冷卻單元，該冷卻單元係設置用以將該接觸面冷卻至低於露點，以便促使該環境空氣中的水蒸氣在該等接觸區域之具有該親水性的至少一者之上，被凝結成該水滴。
  2. 如請求項1所述的裝置，其中，該親水官能基係一氰基，且該疏水部分係包括一苯基部分。
  3. 如請求項1所述的裝置，其中，該等第一指電極部及該等第二指電極部之每一者係成鋸齒條狀。
  4. 如請求項1所述的裝置，其中，該液晶聚合物複合膜係由以下步驟所製成：(a)提供一具有一配向層的上層基板，該配向層係具有一預定圖案，且與於該絕緣基板上的該等電極膜單元相隔開，以於該配向層與該等電極膜單元之間定義一填充空間；(b)將一包含該等液晶分子及複數個液晶性單體的混合物，填充至該填充空間，以允許該等液晶分子及該等液晶性單體被該配向層配向於該第一位向，其中，該等液晶分子之每一者具有一親水官能基及一疏水部分；(c)固化該等液晶性單體，以形成該等聚合物顆粒，並且使該等聚合物顆粒及該等液晶分子產生相分離，以便允許該等液晶分子被該等聚合物顆粒維持於該第一位向；以及(d)移除該上層基板及該配向層，而將該液晶聚合物複合膜留在該等電極膜單元之上。
  5. 如請求項4所述的裝置，其中，該等液晶分子係選自由下列所組成之群組：4-戊基-4'-氰基聯苯、4-庚基-4'-氰基聯苯、4-辛氧基-4-氰基聯苯、4-戊基-4'-氰基三聯苯及其等之組合。
  6. 如請求項5所述的裝置，其中，該等液晶性單體係包括4-(3-丙烯醯氧基丙氧基)苯甲酸2-甲基-1,4-苯酯。
  7. 如請求項6所述的裝置，其中，當該等液晶分子係於該第一位向，該對應的接觸區域係具有該疏水性，及當該等液晶分子係於該第二位向，該對應的接觸區域係具有該親水性。
TW107140056A 2018-11-12 2018-11-12 由環境空氣中擷取水滴的裝置 TWI680288B (zh)

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