TWI652450B - Signal detecting device - Google Patents
Signal detecting device Download PDFInfo
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- TWI652450B TWI652450B TW103122823A TW103122823A TWI652450B TW I652450 B TWI652450 B TW I652450B TW 103122823 A TW103122823 A TW 103122823A TW 103122823 A TW103122823 A TW 103122823A TW I652450 B TWI652450 B TW I652450B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/10—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for switching-in of additional or auxiliary indicators or recorders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/145—Indicating the presence of current or voltage
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- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
本發明公開了一種信號檢測裝置。該裝置包括:電源端、信號接收端、信號發送端、控制端和檢測電路,檢測電路包括第一端、第二端和第三端,其中,第一端連接至電源端;第二端連接在信號接收端和信號發送端之間;第三端連接至控制端,控制端用於接收控制信號,當控制信號處於第一狀態時,第一端和第二端之間的電阻值為第一電阻值,當控制信號處於第二狀態時,第一端和第二端之間的電阻值為第二電阻值,其中,第一電阻值與第二電阻值不相等。該信號檢測裝置解決了現有技術中地分離而造成的阻值信號受到地電壓差影響的問題,達到了準確檢測阻值信號所表示的待測電阻值的技術效果。 The invention discloses a signal detecting device. The device comprises: a power terminal, a signal receiving end, a signal transmitting end, a control end and a detecting circuit, wherein the detecting circuit comprises a first end, a second end and a third end, wherein the first end is connected to the power end; the second end is connected Between the signal receiving end and the signal transmitting end; the third end is connected to the control end, and the control end is configured to receive the control signal. When the control signal is in the first state, the resistance value between the first end and the second end is a resistance value, when the control signal is in the second state, the resistance value between the first end and the second end is a second resistance value, wherein the first resistance value and the second resistance value are not equal. The signal detecting device solves the problem that the resistance signal caused by the separation in the prior art is affected by the ground voltage difference, and achieves the technical effect of accurately detecting the resistance value to be measured represented by the resistance signal.
Description
本發明涉及信號檢測領域,具體而言,涉及一種信號檢測裝置。 The present invention relates to the field of signal detection, and in particular to a signal detecting apparatus.
車用感測器是車載電子控制系統的輸入裝置,用於感測機動車輛運行中的各類工況資訊,例如車速、各介質的溫度、發動機運轉工況等,並將這些資訊轉變為電信號發送到控制系統,以使車輛處於最佳的工作狀態。其中,油壓感測器、水溫感測器和空氣溫度感測器等感測器的工作原理通常是利用壓敏電阻或熱敏電阻等電阻式的敏感元件將對應的測量值轉變為阻值信號,並通過感測器的輸出端發送出去,該阻值信號用於表示感測器輸出端與感測器地之間的電阻值。因此,準確檢測上述電阻式感測器所發送的阻值信號所表示的待測電阻值是車輛控制中的一個重要環節。 The vehicle sensor is an input device of the in-vehicle electronic control system for sensing information of various working conditions in the operation of the motor vehicle, such as the speed of the vehicle, the temperature of each medium, the operating conditions of the engine, etc., and converts the information into electricity. Signals are sent to the control system to keep the vehicle in optimal working order. Among them, the sensor of the oil pressure sensor, water temperature sensor and air temperature sensor usually works by using a resistive sensitive component such as a varistor or a thermistor to convert the corresponding measured value into a resistance. The value signal is sent out through the output of the sensor, which is used to represent the resistance value between the sensor output and the sensor ground. Therefore, accurately detecting the resistance value of the resistance signal sent by the resistance sensor is an important part of vehicle control.
在現有技術中,通常通過微處理器等資料獲取模組直接採集上述阻值信號。在這種工作模式下,實現準確檢測該阻值信號所表示的待測電阻值的前提是該阻值信號的發送裝置與採集裝置共地,例如,對於車輛控制,要求各感測器與車載電子控制系統中的資料獲取模組共地。然而,在車身地與感測器地分離的情況下, 上述各感測器與上述資料獲取模組的地之間通常會存在電壓差。在這種情形下,輸入到處理器的阻值信號通常會受到上述地之間的電壓差的影響,從而無法準確地表示待測電阻值。在車輛控制領域外,上述的問題還廣泛存在於信號檢測領域。 In the prior art, the above resistance value signal is usually directly collected by a data acquisition module such as a microprocessor. In this mode of operation, the premise that the resistance value to be measured represented by the resistance signal is accurately detected is that the transmitting device of the resistance signal is shared with the collecting device. For example, for vehicle control, each sensor and vehicle are required. The data acquisition module in the electronic control system is common. However, in the case where the vehicle body ground is separated from the sensor, There is usually a voltage difference between each of the above sensors and the ground of the data acquisition module. In this case, the resistance signal input to the processor is usually affected by the voltage difference between the above grounds, so that the resistance value to be measured cannot be accurately represented. In addition to the field of vehicle control, the above problems are still widely found in the field of signal detection.
針對上述的問題,目前尚未提出有效的解決方案。 In response to the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed yet.
本發明實施例提供了一種信號檢測裝置,以至少解決現有技術中由於地分離而造成的阻值信號受到地電壓差影響的問題。 The embodiment of the invention provides a signal detecting device to solve at least the problem that the resistance signal caused by the ground separation in the prior art is affected by the ground voltage difference.
為了解決上述技術問題,本發明的信號檢測裝置包括:電源端、信號接收端、信號發送端、控制端和檢測電路,上述檢測電路包括第一端、第二端和第三端,其中,上述第一端連接至電源端,上述電源端用於連接電源,上述電源與第一地之間的電壓值恒定;上述第二端連接在上述信號接收端和上述信號發送端之間,上述信號接收端用於接收阻值信號,上述阻值信號用於表示上述信號接收端與第二地之間的待測電阻值,上述信號發送端用於發送電壓信號,上述電壓信號用於表示上述信號發送端與上述第一地之間的電壓值,其中,上述第一地與上述第二地之間存在電壓差;上述第三端連接至上述控制端,上述控制端用於接收控制信號,當上述控制信號處於第一狀態時,上述第一端和上述第二端之間的電阻值為第一電阻值,當上述控制信號處於第二 狀態時,上述第一端和上述第二端之間的電阻值為第二電阻值,其中,上述第一電阻值與上述第二電阻值不相等。 In order to solve the above technical problem, the signal detecting apparatus of the present invention includes: a power terminal, a signal receiving end, a signal transmitting end, a control end, and a detecting circuit, wherein the detecting circuit includes a first end, a second end, and a third end, wherein The first end is connected to the power end, the power end is used for connecting to the power source, and the voltage between the power source and the first ground is constant; the second end is connected between the signal receiving end and the signal sending end, and the signal receiving is The terminal is configured to receive a resistance value, wherein the resistance signal is used to indicate a resistance value to be measured between the signal receiving end and the second ground, and the signal transmitting end is configured to send a voltage signal, and the voltage signal is used to indicate the signal sending. a voltage value between the terminal and the first ground, wherein a voltage difference exists between the first ground and the second ground; the third end is connected to the control end, and the control terminal is configured to receive a control signal, when When the control signal is in the first state, the resistance between the first end and the second end is a first resistance value, and when the control signal is in the second state In the state, the resistance value between the first end and the second end is a second resistance value, wherein the first resistance value and the second resistance value are not equal.
較佳地,上述信號檢測裝置還包括:處理器,上述處理器的輸入端與上述信號發送端相連,用於根據上述第一電阻值、上述第二電阻值、第一電壓值以及第二電壓值得出上述待測電阻值,其中,上述第一電壓值為上述控制信號處於上述第一狀態時上述電壓信號的電壓值,上述第二電壓值為上述控制信號處於上述第二狀態時上述電壓信號的電壓值。 Preferably, the signal detecting device further includes: a processor, wherein an input end of the processor is connected to the signal sending end, and configured to be configured to be configured according to the first resistance value, the second resistance value, the first voltage value, and the second voltage The value of the resistance to be measured is obtained, wherein the first voltage value is a voltage value of the voltage signal when the control signal is in the first state, and the second voltage value is a voltage signal when the control signal is in the second state Voltage value.
較佳地,上述處理器用於根據以下公式得出上述待測電阻值:
,其中,R用於表示上述待測電阻值,E用於表示上述電源相對於上述第一地的電壓值,V_on用於表示上述第一電壓值,V_off用於表示上述第二電壓值,Z_on用於表示上述第一電阻值,Z_off用於表示上述第二電阻值。 Wherein R is used to represent the resistance value to be tested, E is used to indicate the voltage value of the power source relative to the first ground, V_on is used to represent the first voltage value, and V_off is used to represent the second voltage value. Z _on is used to indicate the above first resistance value, and Z _off is used to represent the above second resistance value.
較佳地,上述處理器的輸出端與上述控制端相連,用於將上述控制信號發送至上述控制端。 Preferably, the output end of the processor is connected to the control terminal for transmitting the control signal to the control terminal.
較佳地,上述檢測電路包括:開關電路和第一電阻器,上述開關電路與上述第一電阻器以串聯或者並聯的方式連接在上述第一端和上述第二端之間,其中,上述開關電路的控制輸入端與上述第三端相連,當上述控制信號處於上述第一狀態時,上述開關電路導 通,當上述控制信號處於上述第二狀態時,上述開關電路關斷。 Preferably, the detecting circuit includes: a switch circuit and a first resistor, wherein the switch circuit and the first resistor are connected in series or in parallel between the first end and the second end, wherein the switch The control input end of the circuit is connected to the third end, and when the control signal is in the first state, the switch circuit leads Preferably, when the control signal is in the second state, the switch circuit is turned off.
較佳地,上述檢測電路還包括:第二電阻器,當上述開關電路與上述第一電阻器以串聯的方式連接在上述第一端和上述第二端之間時,上述第二電阻器相對於上述開關電路以及上述第一電阻器的組合以並聯的方式連接在上述第一端和上述第二端之間,當上述開關電路與上述第一電阻器以並聯的方式連接在上述第一端和上述第二端之間時,上述第二電阻器相對於上述開關電路以及上述第一電阻器的組合以串聯的方式連接在上述第一端和上述第二端之間。 Preferably, the detecting circuit further includes: a second resistor, when the switching circuit and the first resistor are connected in series between the first end and the second end, the second resistor is opposite The combination of the switching circuit and the first resistor is connected in parallel between the first end and the second end, and the switching circuit and the first resistor are connected in parallel to the first end And between the second end, the second resistor is connected in series between the first end and the second end with respect to the combination of the switch circuit and the first resistor.
較佳地,上述檢測電路還包括:一個或多個第三電阻器,並聯在上述第一電阻器的兩端。 Preferably, the detecting circuit further comprises: one or more third resistors connected in parallel at opposite ends of the first resistor.
較佳地,上述信號檢測裝置包括:散熱機構,與上述第一電阻器以及上述第三電阻器相鄰。 Preferably, the signal detecting device includes: a heat dissipating mechanism adjacent to the first resistor and the third resistor.
較佳地,上述開關電路包括電晶體開關電路。 Preferably, the above switching circuit comprises a transistor switching circuit.
較佳地,上述檢測電路還包括以下至少之一:限流部件,連接在上述第二端和上述信號發送端之間;上拉電阻,上述上拉電阻的一端連接在上述第二端和上述信號發送端之間,上述上拉電阻的另一端與上述電源端相連;鉗位元電路,上述鉗位元電路的一端連接在上述第二端和上述信號發送端之間,上述鉗位元電路的另一端用於連接上述第一地,上述鉗位元電路的又一端與上述電源端相連;第一電容器,上述第一電容器的 一端連接在上述第二端和上述信號發送端之間,上述第一電容器的另一端用於連接上述第一地;第二電容器,上述第二電容器的一端連接在上述信號接收端和上述第二端之間,上述第二電容器的另一端用於連接上述第一地;第四電阻器,上述第四電阻器的一端連接在上述信號接收端和上述第二端之間,上述第四電阻器的另一端用於連接上述第一地。 Preferably, the detecting circuit further comprises at least one of: a current limiting component connected between the second end and the signal transmitting end; a pull-up resistor, one end of the pull-up resistor being connected to the second end and the above Between the signal transmitting ends, the other end of the pull-up resistor is connected to the power terminal; the clamp unit circuit, one end of the clamp circuit is connected between the second end and the signal sending end, and the clamp circuit The other end is connected to the first ground, and the other end of the clamp circuit is connected to the power terminal; the first capacitor is the first capacitor One end is connected between the second end and the signal transmitting end, the other end of the first capacitor is used to connect the first ground; the second capacitor is connected to one end of the second capacitor at the signal receiving end and the second Between the ends, the other end of the second capacitor is used to connect the first ground; the fourth resistor, one end of the fourth resistor is connected between the signal receiving end and the second end, the fourth resistor The other end is used to connect the first ground described above.
在本發明實施例中,利用檢測電路所形成的等效電阻與該檢測電路接收的阻值信號對應的待測電阻值所形成的等效電阻之間的分壓作用,通過對第一狀態下與第二狀態下的該檢測電路所形成的等效電阻的電阻值、以及對該檢測電路所形成的等效電阻兩端的電壓值的獲取,實現了準確檢測上述阻值信號所表示的上述待測電阻值的技術效果,進而解決了上述阻值信號受到上述第一地與上述第二地之間存在的電壓差的影響的技術問題。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the partial pressure between the equivalent resistance formed by the detection circuit and the equivalent resistance value corresponding to the resistance value received by the detection circuit is passed through the first state. Acquiring the resistance value of the equivalent resistance formed by the detecting circuit in the second state and the voltage value across the equivalent resistance formed by the detecting circuit, thereby realizing the accurate detection of the above-mentioned resistance signal The technical effect of measuring the resistance value further solves the technical problem that the resistance signal is affected by the voltage difference existing between the first ground and the second ground.
102‧‧‧信號接收端 102‧‧‧Signal receiving end
104‧‧‧信號發送端 104‧‧‧Signal sender
106‧‧‧控制端 106‧‧‧Control end
108‧‧‧電源端 108‧‧‧Power terminal
110‧‧‧檢測電路 110‧‧‧Detection circuit
112‧‧‧第一端 112‧‧‧ first end
114‧‧‧第二端 114‧‧‧second end
116‧‧‧第三端 116‧‧‧ third end
120‧‧‧開關電路 120‧‧‧Switch circuit
122‧‧‧三極管 122‧‧‧Transistor
130‧‧‧第一電阻器 130‧‧‧First resistor
132‧‧‧第二電阻器 132‧‧‧second resistor
134‧‧‧第三電阻器 134‧‧‧ third resistor
136‧‧‧等效電阻 136‧‧‧ equivalent resistance
140‧‧‧限流部件 140‧‧‧ Current limiting components
142‧‧‧上拉電阻 142‧‧‧ Pull-up resistor
144‧‧‧第一電容器 144‧‧‧First capacitor
146‧‧‧第二電容器 146‧‧‧second capacitor
148‧‧‧第四電阻器 148‧‧‧fourth resistor
150‧‧‧鉗位元電路 150‧‧‧ clamp element circuit
160‧‧‧散熱機構 160‧‧‧heating mechanism
180‧‧‧處理器 180‧‧‧ processor
此處所說明的附圖用來提供對本發明的進一步理解,構成本申請的一部分,本發明的示意性實施例及其說明用於解釋本發明,並不構成對本發明的不當限定。在附圖中:圖1是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的一種較佳電路圖;圖2是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的一種較佳示意圖; 圖3是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的另一種較佳示意圖;圖4是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置與阻值信號的發送裝置之間的一種較佳的連接方式的等效電路圖;圖5是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的檢測電路的一種較佳電路圖;圖6是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的檢測電路的另一種較佳電路圖;圖7是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的檢測電路的另一種較佳電路圖;圖8是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的檢測電路的另一種較佳電路圖;圖9是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的一種較佳結構圖;圖10是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置的另一種較佳電路圖;圖11是根據本發明實施例的信號檢測裝置與阻值信號的發送裝置之間的另一種較佳的連接方式的等效電路圖。 The drawings described herein are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are intended to be a part of the invention. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a preferred circuit diagram of a signal detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; 3 is another preferred schematic diagram of a signal detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 4 is a comparison of a preferred connection manner between a signal detecting apparatus and a transmitting apparatus of a resistance value according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a preferred circuit diagram of a detection circuit of a signal detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is another preferred circuit diagram of a detection circuit of a signal detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Another preferred circuit diagram of the detection circuit of the signal detecting device of the embodiment of the invention; FIG. 8 is another preferred circuit diagram of the detecting circuit of the signal detecting device according to the embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 9 is a signal detecting according to an embodiment of the present invention. A preferred structural view of the device; FIG. 10 is another preferred circuit diagram of the signal detecting device according to the embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 11 is another embodiment between the signal detecting device and the transmitting device of the resistance value signal according to the embodiment of the present invention. An equivalent circuit diagram of a preferred connection method.
下文中將參考附圖並結合實施例來詳細說明本發明。需要說明的是,在不衝突的情況下,本申請中的實施例及實施例中的特徵可以相互組合。 The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
本發明實施例提供了一種較佳的信號檢測裝置,如圖1所示,該裝置包括檢測電路110,該檢測電路110包括以下連接端:第一端112、第二端114和第三端116,其中,上述第一端112連接至電源端108,上述第二端114連接在信號接收端102和信號發送端104之間,上述第三端116連接至控制端106。 An embodiment of the present invention provides a preferred signal detecting apparatus. As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus includes a detecting circuit 110. The detecting circuit 110 includes the following connecting ends: a first end 112, a second end 114, and a third end 116. The first end 112 is connected to the power terminal 108, the second end 114 is connected between the signal receiving end 102 and the signal transmitting end 104, and the third end 116 is connected to the control end 106.
如圖2所示,電源端108用於連接電源。作為一種較佳的實施方式,該電源可以是車載的低壓直流電源,該電源與車輛的地即第一地之間的電壓值是恒定不變的。 As shown in Figure 2, the power terminal 108 is used to connect a power source. As a preferred embodiment, the power source may be an on-board low-voltage DC power source, and the voltage value between the power source and the ground of the vehicle, that is, the first ground, is constant.
如圖2所示,信號接收端102用於接收阻值信號。較佳地,該信號接收端102可以連接至電阻式感測器的輸出端,該感測器可以但不限於為車載的電阻式油壓感測器、水溫感測器或空氣溫度感測器等。在上述場景下,該阻值信號用於表示該電阻式感測器的輸出端與感測器地之間的待測電阻值,也即信號接收端102與第二地之間的電阻值,其中,該第二地與上述第一地之間存在電壓差。 As shown in FIG. 2, the signal receiving end 102 is configured to receive a resistance signal. Preferably, the signal receiving end 102 can be connected to the output of the resistive sensor, and the sensor can be, but is not limited to, a built-in resistive oil pressure sensor, water temperature sensor or air temperature sensing. And so on. In the above scenario, the resistance signal is used to indicate the resistance value to be measured between the output end of the resistive sensor and the sensor ground, that is, the resistance value between the signal receiving end 102 and the second ground. There is a voltage difference between the second ground and the first ground.
如圖2所示,信號發送端104用於輸出電壓信號。較佳地,如圖3所示,該信號發送端104可以連接至處理器180的輸入端,該處理器180可以但不限於是車載的微處理器或電子控制單元等,與上述電源端108所連接的電源共地。在上述場景下,該電壓信號被處理器180讀取,用於表示處理器180的該輸入端與處理器的地之間的電壓值,也即信號發送端104與上述第一地之間的電壓值。 As shown in FIG. 2, the signal transmitting terminal 104 is for outputting a voltage signal. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the signal transmitting end 104 can be connected to an input end of the processor 180. The processor 180 can be, but is not limited to, a vehicle-mounted microprocessor or an electronic control unit, etc., and the power terminal 108. The connected power supply is common ground. In the above scenario, the voltage signal is read by the processor 180 for indicating the voltage value between the input end of the processor 180 and the ground of the processor, that is, between the signal transmitting end 104 and the first ground. Voltage value.
如圖2所示,控制端106用於接收控制信號。較佳地,如圖3所示,該控制端106可以連接至上述處理器180的輸出端,即由處理器180輸出上述控制信號。具體地,該控制端可以是一個端子,也可以是一個觸點。較佳地,上述控制信號可以是週期性的高低電平信號或觸點通斷信號等。該控制信號可以是有源信號,也可以是無源信號,本發明對此不做限定。 As shown in FIG. 2, the control terminal 106 is configured to receive a control signal. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 3, the control terminal 106 can be connected to the output end of the processor 180, that is, the processor 180 outputs the control signal. Specifically, the control terminal may be a terminal or a contact. Preferably, the above control signal may be a periodic high and low level signal or a contact on/off signal or the like. The control signal may be an active signal or a passive signal, which is not limited in the present invention.
在本實施例中,當上述控制信號處於第一狀態時,上述檢測電路110的第一端112與第二端114之間的電阻值為第一電阻值,當上述控制信號處於第二狀態時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間的電阻值為第二電阻值,其中,該第一電阻值與該第二電阻值不相等。在上述場景下,由於檢測電路110的第一端112與第二端114之間的電阻值與由上述待測電阻值形成的等效電阻在上述電源和上述第二地之間形成分壓作用,當該檢測電路110的電阻值發生變化,由上述第一電阻值改變為上述第二電阻值時,上述電壓信號也將發生變化,由第一電壓值改變為第二電壓值。通過該第一電壓值與該第二電壓值之間的差值可以消除上述第一地與上述第二地之間存在的電壓差對信號接收端102接收的阻值信號的影響。 In this embodiment, when the control signal is in the first state, the resistance between the first end 112 and the second end 114 of the detecting circuit 110 is a first resistance value, when the control signal is in the second state. The resistance between the first end 112 and the second end 114 is a second resistance value, wherein the first resistance value is not equal to the second resistance value. In the above scenario, a voltage dividing effect is formed between the power source and the second ground due to a resistance value between the first end 112 and the second end 114 of the detecting circuit 110 and an equivalent resistance formed by the resistance value to be measured. When the resistance value of the detection circuit 110 changes, and the first resistance value changes to the second resistance value, the voltage signal also changes, and the first voltage value changes to the second voltage value. The influence of the voltage difference existing between the first ground and the second ground on the resistance signal received by the signal receiving end 102 can be eliminated by the difference between the first voltage value and the second voltage value.
下面將詳細闡述通過上述第一電壓值和上述第二電壓值的差值實現消除地電壓差對上述阻值信號的影響的原理。在圖4所示的等效電路中,上述電源相對於上述第一地的電壓值即電源電壓可以表示為E,上述 第二地相對於上述第一地的電壓值即地電壓差可以表示為S,上述信號發送端104相對於上述第一地的電壓值即上述電壓信號可以表示為V,上述檢測電路110的第一端112與第二端114之間的電阻值可以表示為Z,上述待測電阻值可以表示為R,上述待測電阻值的等效電阻136兩端所載入的電壓值可以表示為U,該等效電阻136上載入的電流值可以表示為I,該電壓值U以及電流值I的正方向如圖4所示,其中,上述等效電阻136的一端與上述第二地相連。在不考慮上述信號發送端104所連接的電路或設備的負載的情況下,在上述第一端112和上述第二端114之間通過的電流值可以視為與上述等效電阻136載入的電流值相等。 The principle of eliminating the influence of the ground voltage difference on the resistance signal by the difference between the first voltage value and the second voltage value will be described in detail below. In the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 4, the power source voltage relative to the first ground, that is, the power source voltage, can be expressed as E, The second voltage difference with respect to the first ground, that is, the ground voltage difference, can be expressed as S, and the voltage signal of the signal transmitting end 104 relative to the first ground, that is, the voltage signal can be represented as V, and the detecting circuit 110 The resistance value between the one end 112 and the second end 114 can be expressed as Z, and the resistance value to be tested can be expressed as R, and the voltage value loaded across the equivalent resistance 136 of the resistance value to be tested can be expressed as U. The current value loaded on the equivalent resistor 136 can be expressed as I, and the positive direction of the voltage value U and the current value I is as shown in FIG. 4, wherein one end of the equivalent resistor 136 is connected to the second ground. The current value passed between the first end 112 and the second end 114 may be regarded as being loaded with the equivalent resistance 136 without considering the load of the circuit or device to which the signal transmitting end 104 is connected. The current values are equal.
當上述控制信號處於上述第一狀態時,上述第一端112與上述第二端114之間的電阻值即第一電阻值可以用Z_on來表示,上述電壓信號所表示的電壓值即第一電壓值可以用V_on來表示,上述等效電阻136載入的電壓值可以用U_on來表示,上述電流值可以用I_on來表示。根據圖4中的電路結構以及電路原理可以得出:
當上述控制信號處於上述第二狀態時,上述第一端112與上述第二端114之間的電阻值即第二電阻值可以用Z_off來表示,上述電壓信號所表示的電壓值即第一電壓值可以用V_off來表示,上述等效電阻136載入
的電壓值可以用U_off來表示,上述電流值可以用I_off來表示。根據圖4中的電路結構以及電路原理可以得出:
在上述兩個狀態下上述待測電阻值相對穩定的情形下,根據歐姆定律以及電阻器作為線性元件的特性可以得出待測電阻值的計算式:
從而根據上述兩組等效電阻所載入的電壓值與電流值的關係式可以得出:
以及
從上式中可以看出,在本實施例中,通過該第一電壓值V_on與該第二電壓值V_off之間的差值可以消除上述第一地與上述第二地之間存在的電壓差S對上述阻值信號的影響。 As can be seen from the above formula, in the embodiment, the difference between the first voltage value V_on and the second voltage value V_off can be eliminated between the first ground and the second ground. The effect of the voltage difference S on the above resistance signal.
較佳地,上述處理器180還可以包括運算單元,用於根據上述第一電壓值、上述第二電壓值、上述電源電壓、上述第一電阻值以及上述第二電阻值得出上述待測電阻值,從而進一步實現準確檢測待測電阻值的技術效果。進一步地,還可以通過顯示裝置將上述待測 電阻值所表示的上述感測器的測量值顯示出來,該顯示裝置可以是車載的顯示器或儀錶盤等。作為一種可選的實施方式,該顯示裝置並未在附圖中示出。本領域的技術人員應當理解,上述運算單元並非必須,還可以通過運算電路等方式得出上述待測電阻值。 Preferably, the processor 180 further includes an operation unit configured to determine the resistance value to be measured according to the first voltage value, the second voltage value, the power voltage, the first resistance value, and the second resistance value. Therefore, the technical effect of accurately detecting the resistance value to be tested is further realized. Further, the above test can also be performed by the display device. The measured value of the above-mentioned sensor indicated by the resistance value is displayed, and the display device may be an on-board display or a dashboard or the like. As an alternative embodiment, the display device is not shown in the drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned arithmetic unit is not necessary, and the above-mentioned resistance value to be measured can also be obtained by an arithmetic circuit or the like.
具體地,作為本發明的一種可選的實施方式,可以通過上述的信號檢測裝置實現對於車輛的油壓信號的準確讀取,其中,該油壓信號可以由電阻式油壓感測器的輸出端輸出,該油壓感測器可以與其他車載電子設備相互分離地安裝於汽車或摩托車的內部或外部,用於檢測車輛的機油壓力,且該油壓感測器的感測器地與車載電子控制單元ECU(Electronic Control Unit)的系統地存在電壓差。在本發明實施例中,上述油壓感測器的輸出端可以通過導線與上述信號檢測裝置的信號接收端102相連,用於將上述油壓信號輸送至上述信號檢測裝置;上述信號檢測裝置的信號發送端104可以通過導線與處理器180的輸入端相連,用於將信號檢測裝置輸出的上述電壓信號輸送至上述處理器180;上述處理器180的輸出端可以通過導線與上述信號檢測裝置的控制端106相連,用於將上述控制信號輸送至上述信號檢測裝置;其中,處理器180可以為微處理器MCU(Micro Control Unit),其輸出端輸出的上述控制信號可以為週期為1ms的方波信號或脈衝寬度調製PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)信號。在上述場景下,可以以上述控制信號處於高電平作為上述第一狀態,以上述控制信號處於低
電平作為上述第二狀態,並可以將上述第一狀態和第二狀態下的信號檢測裝置中的檢測電路110的第一端112與第二端114之間的電阻值,也即上述第一電阻值和第二電阻值,分別記為Z_on和Z_off,將上述第一狀態和第二狀態下從信號檢測裝置的信號發送端104輸出的上述電壓信號的電壓值,也即上述第一電壓值和第二電壓值,分別記為V_on和V_off,從而可以根據以下計算式準確得出上述油壓信號的值:
其中,R用於表示上述油壓信號對應的電阻值,E用於表示車載的為上述ECU供電的電源相對於ECU的系統地的電壓值。進一步地,可以根據上述油壓信號對應的電阻值以及預先設定或標定的油壓信號的電阻值與實際油壓值之間的標定表或標定公式,得到實際的油壓值,其中,上述油壓信號的電阻值與實際油壓值之間的轉換也可以通過上述MCU來完成。當然,以上只是本發明的一種較佳的實施例,並不應理解為對本發明構成了任何限定。 Here, R is used to indicate the resistance value corresponding to the hydraulic pressure signal, and E is used to indicate the voltage value of the power supply for the ECU on the vehicle system with respect to the ECU. Further, the actual oil pressure value may be obtained according to a resistance value corresponding to the oil pressure signal and a calibration table or a calibration formula between the resistance value of the preset or calibrated oil pressure signal and the actual oil pressure value, wherein the oil is obtained. The conversion between the resistance value of the pressure signal and the actual oil pressure value can also be accomplished by the above MCU. Of course, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should not be construed as limiting the invention.
較佳地,上述檢測電路110包括開關電路120和第一電阻器130,該開關電路120與該第一電阻器130以串聯或者並聯的方式連接在上述第一端112和上述第二端114之間,分別如圖5和圖6所示。其中,該開關電路120的控制輸入端與上述第三端116相連,用於接收上述控制信號。該控制信號處於上述第一狀態時,該 開關電路120導通,該控制信號處於上述第二狀態時,該開關電路120關斷。在本實施例中,對於開關電路120與第一電阻器130串聯在第一端112和第二端114之間的情形,當開關電路120導通時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間的電阻值為該第一電阻器130的電阻值,當開關電路120關斷時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間為斷路,其電阻值可以視為正無窮大。對於開關電路120與第一電阻器130並聯在第一端112和第二端114之間的情形,當開關電路120導通時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間的電阻值為零,當開關電路120關斷時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間的電阻值為該第一電阻器130的阻值。 Preferably, the detecting circuit 110 includes a switching circuit 120 and a first resistor 130. The switching circuit 120 and the first resistor 130 are connected to the first end 112 and the second end 114 in series or in parallel. Between, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, respectively. The control input end of the switch circuit 120 is connected to the third end 116 for receiving the control signal. When the control signal is in the first state, the The switch circuit 120 is turned on, and when the control signal is in the second state, the switch circuit 120 is turned off. In the embodiment, for the case where the switch circuit 120 and the first resistor 130 are connected in series between the first end 112 and the second end 114, when the switch circuit 120 is turned on, the first end 112 and the second end 114 are The resistance value is the resistance value of the first resistor 130. When the switch circuit 120 is turned off, the first end 112 and the second end 114 are disconnected, and the resistance value can be regarded as positive infinity. For the case where the switching circuit 120 is connected in parallel with the first resistor 130 between the first end 112 and the second end 114, when the switching circuit 120 is turned on, the resistance value between the first end 112 and the second end 114 is Zero, when the switch circuit 120 is turned off, the resistance between the first end 112 and the second end 114 is the resistance of the first resistor 130.
本領域的技術人員應當理解,本實施例中所描述的上述檢測電路110的組成結構並非唯一,例如,上述開關電路120和上述第一電阻器130的組合也可以是該檢測電路110中的部分結構,或者該檢測電路可以包括通過電信號控制的可變電阻器,等。 It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the composition of the above-mentioned detection circuit 110 described in this embodiment is not unique. For example, the combination of the above-mentioned switch circuit 120 and the first resistor 130 may also be part of the detection circuit 110. The structure, or the detection circuit, may include a variable resistor controlled by an electrical signal, and the like.
較佳地,如圖7和圖8所示,上述檢測電路110還可以包括第二電阻器132,用以更為靈活地設定上述第一電阻值和上述第二電阻值。 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the detecting circuit 110 further includes a second resistor 132 for more flexibly setting the first resistance value and the second resistance value.
作為一種較佳的實施方式,對於開關電路120與第一電阻器130串聯在第一端112和第二端114之間的情形,上述第二電阻器132可以相對於開關電路120以及第一電阻器130的組合以並聯的方式連接在該第一端112和該第二端114之間,如圖7所示。在上述 場景下,當開關電路120導通時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間的電阻值為該第一電阻器130與該第二電阻器132的並聯電路的電阻值,當開關電路120關斷時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間為該第二電阻器132的電阻值。 As a preferred embodiment, for the case where the switch circuit 120 and the first resistor 130 are connected in series between the first end 112 and the second end 114, the second resistor 132 may be opposite to the switch circuit 120 and the first resistor. The combination of the devices 130 is connected in parallel between the first end 112 and the second end 114, as shown in FIG. Above In the scenario, when the switch circuit 120 is turned on, the resistance between the first end 112 and the second end 114 is a resistance value of the parallel circuit of the first resistor 130 and the second resistor 132, when the switch circuit When 120 is turned off, the resistance value of the second resistor 132 is between the first end 112 and the second end 114.
作為另一種較佳的實施方式,對於開關電路120與第一電阻器130並聯在第一端112和第二端114之間的情形,上述第二電阻器132可以相對於開關電路120以及第一電阻器130的組合以串聯的方式連接在該第一端112和該第二端114之間,如圖8所示。在上述場景下,當開關電路120導通時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間的電阻值為該第二電阻器132的電阻值,當開關電路120關斷時,該第一端112與該第二端114之間為該第一電阻器130與該第二電阻器132的串聯電路的電阻值。 As another preferred embodiment, for the case where the switch circuit 120 is connected in parallel with the first resistor 130 between the first end 112 and the second end 114, the second resistor 132 may be opposite to the switch circuit 120 and the first A combination of resistors 130 is connected in series between the first end 112 and the second end 114, as shown in FIG. In the above scenario, when the switch circuit 120 is turned on, the resistance between the first end 112 and the second end 114 is the resistance value of the second resistor 132. When the switch circuit 120 is turned off, the first Between the terminal 112 and the second end 114 is a resistance value of the series circuit of the first resistor 130 and the second resistor 132.
較佳地,如圖9所示,上述檢測電路還包括一個或多個第三電阻器134,該第三電阻器134並聯在上述第一電阻器130的兩端。該第三電阻器134可以在上述檢測電路110中起到分流作用,一方面實現了第一電阻器130以及第三電阻器134之間的功率的分攤,另一方面通過增加熱源的數量提升了散熱的效率,以解決局部溫度過高帶來的器件性能下降及損耗的問題。對應地,作為一種較佳的實施方式,上述信號檢測裝置還包括散熱機構160,該散熱機構160與上述第一電阻器130以及該第三電阻器134相鄰,用於進一步提升散熱的效率。 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 9, the detecting circuit further includes one or more third resistors 134, which are connected in parallel at both ends of the first resistor 130. The third resistor 134 can be shunted in the detecting circuit 110, and on the one hand, the power sharing between the first resistor 130 and the third resistor 134 is realized, and on the other hand, the number of heat sources is increased. The efficiency of heat dissipation to solve the problem of device performance degradation and loss caused by excessive local temperature. Correspondingly, as a preferred embodiment, the signal detecting device further includes a heat dissipating mechanism 160 adjacent to the first resistor 130 and the third resistor 134 for further improving the efficiency of heat dissipation.
較佳地,上述開關電路120可以為包括MOSFET(場效應電晶體),其源極和汲極接入到上述第一端112和上述第二端114之間,其閘極對應連接至上述第三端116。較佳地,上述控制信號在上述第一狀態和上述第二狀態之間的改變,反映到上述電晶體開關電路中,可以表現為該MOS管的閘極上所載入的電壓的高低。 Preferably, the switch circuit 120 may include a MOSFET (Field Effect Transistor), the source and the drain are connected between the first end 112 and the second end 114, and the gate is connected to the above Three ends 116. Preferably, the change between the first state and the second state of the control signal is reflected in the transistor switching circuit, and can be expressed as a voltage level applied to a gate of the MOS transistor.
作為一種較佳的實施方式,上述電晶體開關電路可以是三極管開關電路。較佳地,如圖10所示,三極管122的發射極對應上述第一端112,集電極對應上述第二端114,基極對應上述第三端116。在上述場景下,當該三極管122的基極通過控制端106接收的上述控制信號為高電平時,該三極管122不導通,其發射極與集電極之間等同於斷開狀態,反之,當上述控制信號為低電平時,該三極管122導通,其發射極與集電極之間等同於導通狀態,從而實現上述開關電路120在導通和斷開狀態之間的切換,以進一步實現上述第一端112和上述第二端114之間電阻值的改變。 As a preferred embodiment, the transistor switch circuit may be a triode switch circuit. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, the emitter of the transistor 122 corresponds to the first end 112, the collector corresponds to the second end 114, and the base corresponds to the third end 116. In the above scenario, when the control signal received by the base of the transistor 122 through the control terminal 106 is at a high level, the transistor 122 is not turned on, and the emitter and the collector are equivalent to an off state, and vice versa. When the control signal is at a low level, the transistor 122 is turned on, and the emitter and the collector are equivalent to an on state, thereby implementing switching between the on and off states of the switch circuit 120 to further implement the first end 112. A change in resistance value between the second terminal 114 and the second end 114 described above.
較佳地,如圖10所示,上述檢測電路110還可以包括限流部件140。較佳地,該限流部件140可以連接在上述第二端114和上述信號發送端104之間,用於限制通過該信號發送端104輸出的電流,從而可以保護與該信號發送端104相連的電路或設備。 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, the detecting circuit 110 may further include a current limiting component 140. Preferably, the current limiting component 140 can be connected between the second end 114 and the signal transmitting end 104 for limiting the current output through the signal transmitting end 104, thereby protecting the signal transmitting end 104. Circuit or device.
較佳地,如圖10所示,上述檢測電路110還可以包括上拉電阻142。較佳地,該上拉電阻142的一 端可以連接在上述第二端114和上述信號發送端104之間,該上拉電阻142的另一端與上述電源端108相連,用於在上述開關電路120關斷即上述三極管122處於截止狀態時,為上述信號檢測電路110提供額外的驅動,以維持上述信號發送端104所輸出的上述電壓信號的穩定。 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, the detection circuit 110 may further include a pull-up resistor 142. Preferably, one of the pull-up resistors 142 The terminal may be connected between the second end 114 and the signal transmitting end 104, and the other end of the pull-up resistor 142 is connected to the power terminal 108 for turning off when the switching circuit 120 is turned off, that is, when the transistor 122 is in an off state. An additional drive is provided for the signal detecting circuit 110 to maintain the stability of the voltage signal output by the signal transmitting end 104.
在本實施例中,考慮到上述上拉電阻142在電路中起到的分流作用以及上述限流部件140起到的分壓作用,下面將根據圖11所示的等效電路給出待測電阻值的更為準確的計算式。在圖11中,電源電壓可以表示為E,上述第二地相對於上述第一地的電壓值即地電壓差可以表示為S,上述電壓信號可以表示為V,上述第一電阻器130與第三電阻器134的並聯電路的電阻值可以表示為R1,通過該並聯電路的總電流值可以表示為I1,上述上拉電阻142的電阻值可以表示為R2,上述限流部件140的電阻值可以表示為R3,通過該上拉電阻142與限流部件140的串聯電路的電流值可以表示為I2,上述待測電阻值可以表示為R,上述待測電阻值的等效電阻136兩端所載入的電壓值可以表示為U,該等效電阻136上載入的電流值可以表示為I,該電壓值U以及電流值I的正方向如圖11所示,其中,上述等效電阻136的一端與上述第二地相連。根據電路原理,在不考慮上述信號發送端104所連接的電路或設備的負載的情況下,等效電阻136上載入的電流值I可以視為上述電流值I1與上述電流值I2的和值。 In the present embodiment, in consideration of the shunting action of the pull-up resistor 142 in the circuit and the voltage division effect of the current limiting component 140, the resistance to be tested is given according to the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. A more accurate calculation of the value. In FIG. 11, the power supply voltage can be expressed as E, the ground voltage difference of the second ground relative to the first ground can be expressed as S, and the voltage signal can be represented as V, the first resistor 130 and the first resistor 130 The resistance value of the parallel circuit of the three resistors 134 can be expressed as R 1 , the total current value through the parallel circuit can be expressed as I 1 , and the resistance value of the pull-up resistor 142 can be expressed as R 2 , the current limiting component 140 The resistance value can be expressed as R 3 , and the current value of the series circuit through the pull-up resistor 142 and the current limiting component 140 can be expressed as I 2 , and the resistance value to be tested can be expressed as R, and the equivalent resistance of the resistance value to be tested is The voltage value loaded at both ends of 136 can be expressed as U, and the current value loaded on the equivalent resistor 136 can be expressed as I, and the positive direction of the voltage value U and the current value I is as shown in FIG. One end of the equivalent resistor 136 is connected to the second ground described above. According to the circuit principle, the current value I loaded on the equivalent resistor 136 can be regarded as the current value I 1 and the current value I 2 without considering the load of the circuit or device to which the signal transmitting terminal 104 is connected. And value.
當上述控制信號分別處於上述第一狀態及上述第二狀態時,上述各電阻值R1、R2、R3、R、上述電源電壓E以及地電壓差S均可以視為不發生變化,上述第一電壓值可以用V_on來表示,上述第二電壓值可以用V_off來表示,上述各電流值在第一狀態下分別可以用I1_on、I2_on以及I_on來表示,在第二狀態下分別可以用I1_off、I2_off以及I_off來表示,上述載入在等效電阻136兩端的電壓值在第一狀態下可以用U_on來表示,在第二狀態下可以用U_off來表示。以及根據圖11中的電路結構以及電路原理可以得出:
以及
其中,
從而根據上述兩組等效電阻所載入的電壓值與電流值的關係式、歐姆定律以及電阻元件的線性特性可以得出:
以及
從上式中可以看出,在本實施例中,通過該第一電壓值V_on與該第二電壓值V_off之間的差值可以消除上述第一地與上述第二地之間存在的電壓差S對上述阻值信號的影響。 As can be seen from the above formula, in the embodiment, the difference between the first voltage value V_on and the second voltage value V_off can be eliminated between the first ground and the second ground. The effect of the voltage difference S on the above resistance signal.
較佳地,如圖10所示,上述檢測電路110還可以包括鉗位元電路150,該鉗位元電路150的一端連接在上述第二端114和上述信號發送端104之間,該鉗位元電路150的另一端與上述第一地相連,該鉗位元電路150的又一端與上述電源端相連,用於將上述電壓信號鉗制在一個穩定的電壓值範圍內。較佳地,上述鉗位元電路150可以包括串聯在上述第一地與上述電源端之間的兩個二極體,如圖10所示,上述兩個二極體的導通方向為上述第一地至上述電源端,其中,作為該鉗位元電路150的一端,上述兩個二極體之間的公共端連接在第二端114和信號發送端104之間,從而實現將上述電壓信號鉗制在上述電源電壓與上述第一地的電壓值之間的效果。 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, the detecting circuit 110 may further include a clamp unit circuit 150. One end of the clamp unit circuit 150 is connected between the second end 114 and the signal transmitting end 104. The other end of the circuit 150 is connected to the first ground. The other end of the clamp circuit 150 is connected to the power terminal for clamping the voltage signal within a stable voltage range. Preferably, the clamp circuit 150 may include two diodes connected in series between the first ground and the power terminal. As shown in FIG. 10, the conduction directions of the two diodes are the first Up to the power supply end, wherein, as one end of the clamp unit circuit 150, a common end between the two diodes is connected between the second end 114 and the signal transmitting end 104, thereby clamping the voltage signal The effect between the above-described power source voltage and the voltage value of the first ground described above.
較佳地,如圖10所示,上述檢測電路110還可以包括第一電容器144,該第一電容器144的一端連接在上述第二端114和上述信號發送端104之間,該第一電容器144的另一端與上述第一地相連,用於去除上述電壓信號中的高頻雜波部分,例如,尖脈衝信號。 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, the detecting circuit 110 further includes a first capacitor 144. One end of the first capacitor 144 is connected between the second end 114 and the signal transmitting end 104. The first capacitor 144 is connected. The other end is connected to the first ground for removing high frequency clutter portions, for example, sharp pulse signals, in the voltage signal.
較佳地,如圖10所示,上述檢測電路110還可以包括第二電容器146,該第二電容器146的一端連接在上述信號接收端102和上述第二端114之間,該第二電容器146的另一端與上述第一地相連。較佳地,如圖10所示,上述檢測電路110還可以包括第四電阻器148,該第四電阻器148的一端連接在上述信號接收端102和上述第二端114之間,該第四電阻器148的另一端與上述第一地相連。可以通過上述第二電容器146與上述第四電阻器148組成的一端接地的並聯電路削弱上述信號接收端102所接收的上述電阻信號中摻雜的電磁干擾。 Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, the detecting circuit 110 may further include a second capacitor 146. One end of the second capacitor 146 is connected between the signal receiving end 102 and the second end 114. The second capacitor 146 is connected. The other end is connected to the first ground described above. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 10, the detecting circuit 110 further includes a fourth resistor 148. One end of the fourth resistor 148 is connected between the signal receiving end 102 and the second end 114. The other end of the resistor 148 is connected to the first ground described above. A parallel circuit in which one end of the second capacitor 146 and the fourth resistor 148 are grounded may attenuate electromagnetic interference doped in the resistance signal received by the signal receiving end 102.
從以上的描述中可以看出,本發明實現了如下技術效果:通過上述第一電壓值V_on與上述第二電壓值V_off之間的差值可以消除上述第一地與上述第二地之間存在的電壓差S對上述阻值信號的影響;通過上述第一電壓值、上述第二電壓值、上述電源電壓、上述第一電阻值以及上述第二電阻值可以實現對上述待測電阻值的準確檢測。 As can be seen from the above description, the present invention achieves the following technical effects: the first ground and the second ground can be eliminated by the difference between the first voltage value V_on and the second voltage value V_off The influence of the voltage difference S existing between the resistance signal; and the resistance value to be measured by the first voltage value, the second voltage value, the power voltage, the first resistance value, and the second resistance value Accurate detection.
以上所述僅為本發明的較佳實施例而已,並不用於限制本發明,對於本領域的技術人員來說,本發明可以有各種更改和變化。凡在本發明的精神和原則之內,所作的任何修改、等同替換、改進等,均應包含在本發明的保護範圍之內。 The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
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