TWI633219B - Verfahren zur herstellung eines strukturierten mikrofilamentvliesstoffs - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for making a structured microfilament nonwoven wherein the microfilaments and/or composite filaments that can be split into microfilaments are woven, drawn into at least one fibrous layer and laid out into a nonwoven fabric; hot precured Non-woven fabric; the heat pre-cured nonwoven fabric is treated with a pressurized pressurized medium such that the thermal pre-curing is at least partially cracked; the nonwoven fabric is subjected to compression in a manner lying flat on the surface providing the structure The medium is further loaded, thereby obtaining a structured microfilament nonwoven.

Description

Method for making structured microfilament nonwovens

The invention relates to the field of textiles and their use.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for making a structured microfilament nonwoven, and a microfilament nonwoven produced by the method and uses thereof.

Nonwovens are woven fabrics composed of individual fibers and can be produced by different manufacturing methods such as carding (dry-laid), melt-spinning (spunbonding), melt-blown or also aerodynamic nonwovens ( Vlieslegen) (airlaid) obtained.

In the case of melt spinning, the polymerized material is heated in an extruder and extruded through a spinning nozzle by means of a spinning pump. The polymer exits from the nozzle plate as a line (continuous filament) in molten form which is cooled by the gas stream and extends from the melt. The air stream transports the continuous filaments onto a conveyor belt that is constructed as a screen. By drawing under the screen belt, the thread can be shaped in the form of a fiber fabric. The curing of the fiber layup can take place by means of heated rolls (calenders), by steam flow or by (hydraulic-) mechanical or chemical bonding.

The textile physical properties of the nonwoven can be controlled via the chemical and textile physical properties of the fibers or filaments from which the nonwoven is formed. Here, the fiber raw material or the filament raw material is selected depending on desired chemical properties or physical properties, for example, regarding its dyeability, chemical resistance, thermoformability thereof or its absorption ability. Modulus characteristics of fibers or filaments and The force strain characteristics are related to material properties that can be controlled by the choice of crystallinity and/or degree of orientation and cross-sectional geometry to affect the bending stiffness, force absorption or specific surface area of the individual fibers or filaments.

It is also known for improved visual, tactile or use purposes that the nonwoven is provided with a structuring.

The manufacture of structured nonwovens based on rayon is known. These fibers have a high degree of fiber mobility due to their short length to form a neat structuring. However, the disadvantage of using man-made fibers is that a high degree of mobility leads to decomposition of the structure under the mechanical action of the washing process. The above disadvantages are overcome in the engineering by using an adhesive for bonding, which adversely affects the weavability of the obtained fabric.

DE 10 2008 033 253 A1 describes a method and apparatus for producing a structured nonwoven in which the nonwoven is subjected to loading with a pressurized medium in a manner lying flat on the face of a given structure. It is proposed that the nonwoven to be structured is guided around the circumference of the drum during loading with the pressurized medium, wherein the surface of the drum has a surface structuring that produces a fishbone pattern.

A disadvantage of this method is that the structured pattern of the nonwoven is not very resistant and is particularly affected by mechanical loading processes, such as multiple washing or dyeing processes.

A method for pre-curing a roving consisting of fibers or filaments is known from DE 10 2008 061 679 A1, in which a roving is transported on a base plate by means of a device for water jet needling, and wherein the device for water jet needling is Positioned at a large distance from the bottom plate carrying the roving.

In the nonwovens described in the publication, the structured pattern is also relative The handling of mechanical loading is not very resistant.

Here, the invention is based on the object of providing a structured nonwoven whose structural pattern is also resistant to mechanical loading, such as multiple washing or dyeing processes. The nonwoven should at the same time provide good mechanical properties, in particular good sustained washability with satisfactory use characteristics, good thermophysiological comfort, comfortable touch and vision.

The present invention relates to a method for making a structured microfilament nonwoven wherein: - woven, stretched into at least one fibrous layer of microfilaments and/or composite filaments that can be split into microfilaments and laid out into a nonwoven fabric; - a thermally pre-cured nonwoven fabric; - the thermally pre-cured nonwoven is treated with a pressurized medium such that the thermal pre-curing is at least partially cracked; - The nonwoven fabric is further loaded with a compressed medium in a manner lying flat on the face providing the structure, thereby obtaining a structured microfilament nonwoven.

It has been found that with the method according to the invention it is possible to produce microfilament nonwovens with clearly defined structured patterns which are treated with respect to mechanical loading, such as multiple washings, especially for intense loading. The loop or dyeing process is also resistant. Nonwovens also exhibit excellent mechanical properties, particularly good washfastness with satisfactory use characteristics, good thermophysiological comfort, comfortable touch and vision.

Thermal pre-curing is the main method step of the method according to the invention. by In the method step, the fibers of the nonwoven can be stabilized before being transferred to the device for loading with the pressurized medium without any problem. At the same time, the bonding in the nonwoven is sufficiently weak that the bonding can be re-split in a simple manner by loading with a pressurized medium and is at least reversible in proportion. Thereby, it is possible to avoid limiting fiber movability at the time of structuring. This is advantageous because, in the case of irreversible pre-curing, such as needling, the associated drop in fiber mobility makes the structuring step difficult and a clear structured pattern cannot be obtained. Furthermore, in the case of irreversible pre-curing, the fibers are provided with a high restoring force, which additionally has a negative effect on the stability and clarity of the structured pattern. For these reasons, the nonwoven fabric is not needled to pre-cure in a preferred embodiment of the invention, and more preferably it is only pre-cured by heat.

In contrast, it is possible to obtain a microfilament nonwoven having a clearly defined structured pattern by means of the method according to the invention, which in addition surprisingly exhibits a treatment with respect to mechanical loading, such as High stability due to multiple washing or dyeing processes.

It will be presumed that the advantageous properties of the structured nonwoven produced by the process according to the invention can be attributed, at least in part, to the reversible thermal pre-curing of the nonwoven. Another positive effect of thermal pre-curing is that the thermal pre-cure enables transportation and roll-up and unwinding to enable off-line program control. Furthermore, reversible thermal pre-curing is also advantageous in on-line program control because the thermal pre-curing enables the fibers to stably maintain the desired structure during the method steps between curing and structuring.

Thermal pre-cure can be carried out in a manner and method which is customary, known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of a heated calender. If a nonwoven fabric comprising composite filaments is used as a raw material, the advantage of using a calender is that it has been possible to obtain a slight tearing of the filaments, which The subsequent splitting steps are simplified and high productivity can be achieved.

The use of hot air knives, continuous flow dryers, such as hot air tunnel ovens or drum "flow through dryers" which continuously flow from hot air has proven to be equally suitable. The advantage of these methods is that undesired compression of the nonwoven fabric does not occur during pre-cure and, in the case of pre-wound or embossing, the pre-cure can avoid image-like representations of "wrong knots", which It usually has a beneficial effect on the later structuring process.

Those skilled in the art will be able to adjust the strength of the nonwoven fabric to be thermally pre-cured depending on the materials used, the weight per unit area, and the degree of cure desired. In the case of, for example, a higher basis weight of more than 130 g/m ² , it can be advantageous to carry out the pre-curing by means of continuous flow heating in order to ensure that the nonwoven is completely heated, for example in a calender.

After thermal pre-curing of the nonwoven, the nonwoven is treated with a pressurized medium. To this end, the nonwoven fabric can be handed over to the apparatus for loading with the pressurized medium without problems. This is possible because the sufficient stability of the nonwoven fabric as described above can be imparted by thermal pre-curing.

This treatment is used to at least partially rupture the thermal pre-curing. This makes it possible to avoid limiting fiber movability at the point of time of structuring. This is advantageous as described above, since the nonwoven fabric can thus be provided with a clearly structured pattern in the subsequent structuring step.

The extent of the rupture can be adjusted here in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example by adjusting the pressure or the duration of the treatment. In principle, it has proven to be expedient to carry out the treatment of the nonwoven fabric such that, upon structuring, the hot pre-cured material ruptures completely or almost completely. The actual test thus concluded that the more complete the cracking of the pre-cured material, the clearer the pattern. Nevertheless, it can be appropriate that the pre-cured material is only partially cracked, for example in order to obtain A stronger cured nonwoven.

Different media can be used as a pressurized medium. The use of water is especially simple and low cost. For loading with water, conventional devices for water jet curing can be used.

The adjustment of the loading pressure can vary depending on the materials used and the desired degree of thermal pre-cracking. Generally, pressures in the range of 200 to 300 bar prove to be advantageous.

By loading with a pressurized medium, it is possible to additionally perform different other processes, such as interlacing and/or splitting of fibers, fiber separation, compression, depending on the selected raw material and the adjusted process conditions. Suitably, the nonwoven fabric is guided around the circumference of the drum, in particular the calender roll, during loading with the pressurized medium. Here, the nonwoven fabric can be placed flat on the face providing the structure or can also be placed flat on the face which does not provide the structure.

For the structuring of the nonwoven fabric, in accordance with the present invention, the nonwoven fabric is subjected to further loading with a pressurized medium in a manner lying flat on the face providing the structure, thereby obtaining a structured microfilament nonwoven. The structured pattern can here be constructed in two dimensions. However, it is particularly effective that the pattern composition is three-dimensional.

Advantageously, both treatments according to the invention with a pressurized medium can be carried out in the same device, for example in a conventional device for water jet needling. The carrier surface of the carrier element can function as a face providing the structure and has a projection for this purpose. The projections are formed here such that the projections represent a negative image of the desired pattern.

In an advantageous manner, the carrier surface additionally has perforations as drainage openings. By loading the nonwoven with a compressed medium, at least a portion of the fibers of the nonwoven can be rinsed down from the projections by the liquid, thereby creating a desired pattern in the nonwoven, wherein the fibers are loaded with liquid The entrance is placed on the bulge.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier element is formed as a preferably perforated drum. In this embodiment, the nonwoven fabric to be structured is suitably guided on the structured belt during the loading with the pressurized medium and in particular around the circumference of the drum. Thus, particularly simple and reasonable program control is possible.

Other processes, such as further cracking of the thermal pre-cure, interlacing of the fibers, and/or felting, compression, fiber separation, can occur unless the woven fabric is structured. As long as the nonwoven comprises composite filaments, its splitting is suitably carried out during these process steps.

With the method according to the invention, nonwovens having different patterns can be produced by varying the shape of the projections on the surface of the carrier. Therefore, the projections can be formed, for example, in a dot shape, a ring shape, a stripe shape, a linear shape, a wave shape, or a rhombus shape. A design of the pattern of the pattern is also conceivable, whereby an image can be assigned to the nonwoven, which is similar to the known watermark in paper. If a perforation is formed in the nonwoven, the surface of the carrier can have a projection with a polygonal, circular, semi-circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.

The type of structured pattern introduced can be selected according to the desired vision. Thus, the nonwoven can, for example, be provided with a wave pattern, a fishbone pattern, a patchwork pattern or a textile pattern, such as a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, a double layer fabric and/or a jacquard pattern. It is also conceivable for the nonwoven to be provided with perforations.

In this method step, different media and preferably water can also be used as the pressurized medium.

The adjustment of the loading pressure can vary depending on the materials used and the desired structuring results. Pressures typically in the range of 200 to 300 bar have proven to be suitable.

As mentioned above, the carrier surface advantageously has perforations as drainage openings to remove the medium for loading. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the medium can also be removed in a separate method step.

When loaded with a pressurized medium, the microfilaments can interweave and solidify one another, as is known to those skilled in the art, even in the range of cracking of the thermal pre-curing or in the range of structuring.

Microfilaments are characterized by very small medium deniers of less than 1 dtex. The use of microfilaments has the advantage that, due to the low bending stiffness of the filaments, a particularly clearly defined structured pattern can be achieved, and that the continued processing of the structured nonwoven is particularly simple.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microfilaments have a titer between 0.1 dtex and 0.5 dtex and especially between 0.15 dtex and 0.3 dtex. It has been found that good stability of the structuring (sliding resistance of the filaments) can be achieved in these denier ranges, and that the structuring does not tend to shrink. The use of still finer deniers, for example from 0.05 dtex to 0.3 dtex, can lead to better stability of the structuring part, however, due to the increasingly smaller bending stiffness of the microfilaments, the three-dimensional structure is also increased here. To the trend of shrinking.

According to the invention, the term filament is understood to mean a fiber of theoretically infinite length which is different from rayon. The advantage of using filaments relative to rayon is the mechanical strength of the nonwoven produced therefrom: as the length of the fiber increases, the number of friction points (or joints) with other fibers increases. Short fibers therefore have fewer points of friction, and the fibers can be easily moved and easily extracted from the textile when the textile is loaded.

As the fiber length increases, the sliding resistance and the necessary force also increase with the number of friction points (or bonding points) to extract the fibers from the composite structure. Non-fiber length In the case of Changda, this is no longer a success at all, so that the destruction of the textile can only occur by breaking the fibers.

The materials used to form the microfilaments and/or composite filaments can be selected based on the desired properties of the structured nonwoven made from the materials. It is important for the method according to the invention that the filaments are heat curable at least in proportion. This is advantageous because it is therefore possible to dispense with the chemical bonding of the fibers or the needling or pre-interlacing.

Microfilaments and/or composite filaments have proven to be suitable for very different purposes of use, said microfilaments and/or composite filaments comprising a thermoplastic polymer, such as a polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and/or from a thermoplastic polymer, in particular a thermoplastic as described above. Polymer composition.

In order to be able to carry out thermal pre-curing industrially safely, it is advantageous if the microfilaments and/or composite filaments have at least two different polymers which differ in melting point by at least 10 ° C, for example from 10 ° C to 30 ° C, more It is preferably at least 15 ° C, for example 15 ° C to 25 ° C and especially at least 20 ° C, such as 20 ° C to 25 ° C, such as PET (256 ° C) and PA 6 (225 ° C). It is advantageous here for the above-mentioned method that the polymers used are incompatible, non-mixable and, in turn, not bondable to one another.

In order to achieve a sufficient degree of thermal pre-cure, it is also advantageous if the proportion of thermoplastic polymer in the nonwoven comprises at least 20% by weight, preferably from 25% to 100% by weight, still more preferably from 40% to 100% by weight, more It is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 60% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 80% by weight to 100% by weight and especially 90% by weight to 100% by weight.

In order to achieve a sufficient effect on the microfilaments, it is advantageous to use the microfilaments and/or composite filaments in this kind and amount and to adjust the degree of splitting if necessary so that the fraction of microfilaments is The total weight of the nonwoven comprises at least 70% by weight, preferably from 70% to 100% by weight, and especially about 100% by weight.

In principle it can be considered that the nonwoven also has other fibers which are not microfilaments. In this case, however, it is advantageous if the proportion of the other fibers is not adjusted too high, since the compliance of the fibers with respect to the surface providing the structure decreases as the fiber titer increases. In this context, if present, the proportion of other fibers having a denier of more than 1 dtex is preferably up to 25% by weight, more preferably up to 10% by weight and in particular no other fibers, according to the invention.

According to the present invention, preferably, the nonwoven fabric is produced based on composite filaments that can be split into microfilaments. In particular, the proportion of composite filaments in the nonwoven fabric is preferably adjusted to more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 80% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight and more preferably more than 95% by weight. The composite filaments are composed of at least two basic filaments and can be split into microfilaments and cured by being loaded with a pressurized medium, such as a water jet, as known to those skilled in the art.

Here, the microfilament obtained by the split has a titer of less than 1 dtex, preferably between 0.1 dtex and 0.5 dtex and especially 0.15 dtex to 0.3 dtex. It has been found that good stability of the structuring (sliding resistance of the filaments) can be achieved in these denier ranges and that the structuring does not tend to shrink. As described above, it is also possible to use a finer fineness of, for example, 0.05 dtex to 0.3 dtex.

The advantage of using composite filaments as raw materials for making microfilaments is that the fineness of the microfilaments produced by the composite filaments can be adjusted in a simple manner by varying the number of microfilaments contained in the composite filaments. Here, the fineness of the composite filament can be kept constant, which is in the process side. The surface is beneficial.

An additional advantage of using composite filaments is that nonwoven manufacturing can be performed without the use of solvents, chemical cements, and with minimal process steps. Since the use of the solvent can also be dispensed with during structuring, it is possible to advantageously carry out the method according to the invention in a manner that is extremely harmless to the environment and cost-effective. It is therefore feasible to use the nonwoven according to the invention to meet the requirements of the eco-textile standard 100, 1 product grade.

An additional advantage of using composite filaments is that the composite filaments can be split and cured during the cracking and/or structuring of the thermal pre-curing by loading with a pressurized medium in a simple manner. Here, the degree of splitting is advantageously adjusted to more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 80% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight and more preferably more than 95% by weight.

In an embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven fabric is rolled up after thermal pre-cure, temporarily stored if necessary, and provided for continued processing (offline program control). However, after direct pre-curing with heat, performing the processing with the pressurized medium (program control on the line) is also conceivable.

Microfilaments and composite filaments used as raw materials for the manufacture of microfilaments can be made by methods and methods known to those skilled in the art. In particular, melt spinning (spunbonding) is a suitable method.

To produce microfilaments and/or composite filaments, the polymeric mass can be heated under pressure, such as in an extruder, and extruded through a two-component nozzle or multi-component nozzle, wherein a continuous filament is produced. After exiting from the extruder nozzle, the continuous filaments can be extended and positioned by means of a dynamic pay-off method on the conveyor belt in the case of forming a fibrous layer in a transverse direction. The advantage of the positioning of the continuous filaments in the transverse direction is that the machine for increasing the nonwoven is thereby The isotropy of mechanical properties.

The composite filaments can have extremely different cross sections known for the manufacture of split fibers, such as cross sections of a multi-segment structure having a willow shape or also referred to as "Pie", wherein the segments can contain different , alternating incompatible polymers.

In this case, the pie-shaped arrangement of the fibers can have, for example, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 segments, so that the composite filaments are correspondingly 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 microfilaments. A hollow pie structure is also suitable, and the hollow pie structure can also have an asymmetrical axially extending cavity. The pie structure, in particular the hollow pie structure, can in particular be easily split.

Here, the microwires can be formed in the cross section to be n-sided or multi-bladed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite filaments comprise different filaments comprising at least two preferably incompatible, thermoplastic polymers. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly simple splitting and at the same time to obtain a multicomponent nonwoven.

Incompatible polymers are understood to mean polymers which, in combination, produce a non-bonded, conditionally bonded or difficult to bond pair. Such composite filaments have good splitting properties that split into microfilaments and cause a suitable ratio of strength to basis weight. A further advantage of using incompatible polymers is that the bonding achieved during thermal pre-curing can be more easily cracked immediately after treatment with a pressurized medium, and due to the improved fiber mobility achieved thereby It causes an improvement in the structurability of the nonwoven.

In an embodiment of the invention according to the invention, it is advantageous if the microfilament comprises at least two microfilaments composed of different incompatible polymers, wherein in the embodiment the nonwoven has been included Microfilament.

The composite filaments preferably comprise at least one incompatible polymer pair. Preferably, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamines and/or polyurethanes are used in such a combination as incompatible polymer pairs such that a non-bonded, conditionally bonded or difficult to bond pair is produced. When splitting a composite filament having these pairs is simpler than in a composite filament composed of only one of the polymers used, there is a pair that is only conditionally bonded or difficult to bond.

The polymer pair used is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: having at least one polyolefin and/or at least one polyamine, preferably having a polyethylene, such as polypropylene/polyethylene, polyamine 6/polyethylene or polyterephthalic acid. Ethyl acetate/polyethylene, or a polymer pair having a polypropylene such as polypropylene/polyethylene, polyamine 6/polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene.

More particularly preferred are polymer pairs having at least one polyester and/or at least one polyamine.

A polymer having at least one polyamine or having at least one polyethylene terephthalate is preferably used because of its conditional adhesion, and a polymer pair having at least one polyolefin is difficult due to its It is especially preferably used for adhesion.

Polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid and/or polybutylene terephthalate, polyamine, preferably polyamine 6, polyamine 66, polyamine 46, It has proven to be particularly suitable if necessary in combination with one or more other polymers which are incompatible with the abovementioned components, preferably polymers selected from polyolefins. This combination has excellent cleavability. More particularly preferred is a combination of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamido 6 or a combination of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 66.

The polymer used to make the microfilaments and/or composite filaments can comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, antistatic agents, antimicrobial agents such as copper, silver, gold, Or a hydrophilic additive or a hydrophobic additive in an amount of from 150 ppm to 10% by weight. The use of the above additives in the polymers used allows matching to the specific requirements of the customer.

Antistatic equipment for the surface can be considered, as well as with a care substance. It is also conceivable to equip the nonwoven with a hydrophilic, hydrophobic or antistatic spinning impregnating agent and to provide a care substance. It is also conceivable that the additives for surface modification have been fed into the extruder during the production of continuous filaments. It is also not necessary to dye after the dyeing of the material, since the pigment can already be introduced into the extruder at the time of continuous filament production.

Furthermore, the nonwoven can withstand chemical type bonding or refining, such as anti-pilling treatment, hydrophilization, antistatic treatment, treatment for improving fire resistance and/or for changing tactile properties or gloss, mechanical type treatment Or processed in a tumbler and/or used to change the appearance of a color or print.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a structured nonwoven which can be produced by the method according to the invention. As mentioned above, the nonwoven is characterized in particular in that its structured pattern is very clearly contoured and is also resistant to mechanical loading, such as multiple washing or dyeing processes. It can thus be determined that, for example, the nonwoven according to the invention still has a structured pattern which is well visually and/or tactilely recognized after 30 times of home washing loops at 90° C. according to DIN EN ISO 6330.

In addition, the nonwoven exhibits good mechanical properties due to the small weight per unit area of the microfilament, is structurally resistant to mechanically severe dyeing processes (spraying), and has good satisfactory use characteristics. Continuous washability, good thermophysiological comfort, high fineness, density, excellent cleaning efficiency, high light weight, sound-absorbing properties and comfortable touch and vision.

The nonwoven according to the invention is characterized in that the structuring is embossed very cleanly with respect to the nonwoven which does not perform pre-curing. Thus, when perforations are used as structured patterns, it should be recognized, for example, that the perforations are substantially free of fibers that cover the apertures or span the apertures. Surprisingly, when thermal pre-cure is completely split before embossing, then this effect is also observed. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven according to the invention is free of needling and/or curing by a bonding agent.

Furthermore, the nonwoven can be provided with a structured pattern that does not harden relative to the residue of the nonwoven, relative to the subsequent thermally introduced structuring. Similar to the hardening of the buttonholes, the fibers are not destroyed by this structuring process, but the undamaged filaments are only pushed to the edges of the pore structure and entangled there. Thereby, the fibers can also continue to contribute to the mechanical strength of the textile. Nonwovens can have extremely different structuring portions, such as wavy patterns, fishbone patterns, ribs or textile patterns, such as plain, twill, satin-patterns (Altas-), double-layer fabrics and/or jacquard patterns and/or perforations.

According to the invention, preferably, the nonwoven has composite filaments which are at least partially split into microfilaments and interwoven with one another, said microfilaments having less than 1 dtex, preferably between 0.1 dtex and 0.5 dtex and especially Medium denier of 0.15 dtex to 0.3 dtex. In this case, the proportion of split microfilaments is preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably from 70% to 100% by weight, and especially about 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the nonwoven.

As mentioned above, the nonwoven preferably has microfilaments and/or at least partially split composite filaments comprising a thermoplastic polymer, such as a polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and/or from a thermoplastic polymer, in particular a thermoplastic as described above. Polymer composition.

As described above, the microfilaments and/or at least partially split composite filaments are advantageous The way contains different, alternating incompatible polymers. Preferably, as described above, the microfilaments and/or composite filaments comprise at least two incompatible polymers.

It is likewise advantageous if the proportion of thermoplastic polymer in the nonwoven is at least 20% by weight, preferably from 25% to 100% by weight, more preferably from 40% to 100% by weight, more preferably from 50% to 100% by weight, It is more preferably 60% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 80% by weight to 100% by weight and especially 90% by weight to 100% by weight.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven has a basis weight of less than 50 g/m ² , such as from 20 g/m ² to 50 g/m ² , more preferably from 20 g/m ² to 40 g/m ² and especially 25 g/m. ² to 35 g/m ² . According to the invention, the basis weight is measured in accordance with DIN EN 29073.

In this ultra-light category, the structured pattern is particularly capable of positively affecting the uniformity of the distribution of the microfilaments and simplifies processing. This enables the manufacture of three-dimensional structured nonwovens that are significantly lighter than light weight fabrics of similar use characteristics from other manufacturing methods. Furthermore, due to the density and fineness of the microfilaments, the nonwoven provides the desired excellent cleaning efficacy despite its small basis weight.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven has a basis weight of more than 50 g/m ² , such as from 50 g/m ² to 130 g/m ² , more preferably from 70 g/m ² to 120 g/m ² , more preferably 80 g/m ² to 110 g/m ² . Nonwovens can be made in this medium lightweight category where the three dimensional structuring can re-adjust the feel and appearance of the fabric. Thus, for example, a towel can be produced which is not only compact, light and effective and the towel also provides a textile appearance that is familiar to the consumer.

Another subject of the invention is a microfilament nonwoven according to the invention as a clear Cleaning cloth, towels, sanitary napkins, bedding, upholstery, lining applications.

The invention is explained in detail below on the basis of examples.

Figure 1 is a photograph of a perforated microfilament nonwoven made by the method according to the present invention.

70% PET and 30% PA6 were melted by means of 2 extruders and gathered in a spinning nozzle for bicomponent filaments, which were extruded together in the form of continuous PIE16 filaments and stretched at approximately 3500 m/min. To a fineness of about 2.4 dtex in the unsplit state, and put it on the pay line to become a yarn of 37 g/m ² . The roving is stabilized by loading the airflow through the roving of the take-up belt from above, and if necessary, also heating the air stream, which is again withdrawn from below. In the case of free drooping of only a few centimeters, the roving was introduced into a calender, which was controlled at a line pressure of 33 daN/cm and a temperature of 150 ° C of two rolls. The thermally pre-cured nonwoven is rolled up and can therefore be handled (rollable and unrollable) and delivered to other locations of the water jet reinforcement device.

In the case of solidification with the aid of 4 drum-controlled water jets, the following steps are carried out simultaneously: splitting the pre-cure, splitting the bicomponent filaments into polyamine and polyester segments, and adhering the filaments to the suction The wet roller structure is structured and the filaments are entangled in the flow of eddy currents between the water jet and the bottom plate (sieve cylinder).

In the experimental setup, a fine mesh structure, i.e., a screen cylinder that is as smooth as possible, is shown to be advantageous for the first three channels, while the fourth screen cylinder is structurally provided. The first three channels are moderately moved with alternating loading of the side (ABA): the screen is provided with the structure Enter at least two channels on the same side (BB) and load high voltage. Subsequently, it is dried by a continuous suction dryer and wound into a cylinder under a low tensile force (interlacing pressure).

In this second stage of the manufacturing process, depending on the structure of 7% to 15% of the width, the article is added and the basis weight is also increased by 7% to 10%. In the specific case, it was increased from 37 g/m ² after the thermal pre-curing in the step 1 to 40 g/m ² after the water jet was solidified and dried.

The product is thus able to withstand the dispersion dyeing in the spray and keep it structured.

A perforated microfilament nonwoven made by the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. It can be clearly recognized that the introduced perforations have very well defined edges and are only passed through by very few fibers.

Claims (22)

A method for making a structured microfilament nonwoven wherein: - spinning and stretching the microfilaments and/or composite filaments capable of splitting into microfilaments into at least one fibrous layer and discharging into a nonwoven fabric; Thermally pre-curing the nonwoven fabric; - the thermally pre-cured nonwoven fabric is treated with a pressurized medium such that the thermal pre-curing is at least partially cracked; - laying the nonwoven fabric in a flat configuration The manner of the face is subjected to further loading with a pressurized medium, thereby obtaining a structured microfilament nonwoven. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonwoven fabric is not needled or bonded for pre-curing. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermal pre-curing is performed by means of a heated calender. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the same apparatus, on the one hand, the pressurized medium is used for the treatment for cracking the hot pre-cured material, and on the other hand The treatment for structuring the nonwoven fabric is performed using the pressed medium. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the treatment for cracking the hot pre-cured material is performed by using a pressurized medium and/or for performing the non- The woven fabric is structured to at least partially split the composite filaments into microfilaments and interweave them. A structured microfilament nonwoven manufactured by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5. The structured microfilament nonwoven according to item 6 of the patent application, characterized in that the structured pattern is still visually and/or tactile after being washed 30 times at 90 ° C according to DIN EN ISO 6330. It is identifiable. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the nonwoven has a basis weight of less than 50 g/m ² . The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the microfilament comprises a thermoplastic polymerization in a proportion of at least 20% by weight based on the total weight of the nonwoven. Things. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the proportion of the microfilaments is at least 70% by weight based on the total weight of the nonwoven. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the proportion of the microfilaments is from 70% by weight to 100% by weight based on the total weight of the nonwoven. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the proportion of the microfilaments is about 100% by weight based on the total weight of the nonwoven. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the proportion of the composite filaments in the microfilament nonwoven which is at least partially split into microfilaments and interwoven with each other exceeds 70% by weight. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the composite filament has a degree of splitting of more than 80%. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the composite filament has a degree of splitting of more than 95%. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the composite filament and/or microfilament comprises at least two incompatible, thermoplastic polymers, The polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyester on the one hand and polyamine on the other hand. The microfilament nonwoven according to item 16 of the patent application, characterized in that the polyester is polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid and/or polybutylene terephthalate. ester. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 16, wherein the polyamine is polyamine 6, polyamine 66, and polyamine 46. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the composite filament comprises at least one polymer composed of at least one of a polyester and at least one of the other polyamines. Correct. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 19, wherein the polyester is polyethylene terephthalate. The microfilament nonwoven according to claim 19, characterized in that the guanamine is polyamine 6 and/or polyamine 66. A use of the microfilament nonwoven according to any one of claims 6 to 21, which is used as a cleaning cloth, a towel, a sanitary napkin, a bedding, a decorating material and/or a lining.