TWI619292B - 鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法 - Google Patents
鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI619292B TWI619292B TW105128760A TW105128760A TWI619292B TW I619292 B TWI619292 B TW I619292B TW 105128760 A TW105128760 A TW 105128760A TW 105128760 A TW105128760 A TW 105128760A TW I619292 B TWI619292 B TW I619292B
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- carbon nanotube
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMCSYKXXCXZHKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M [I-].[Li+].FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F.FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F Chemical compound [I-].[Li+].FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F.FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F SMCSYKXXCXZHKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明涉及一種鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,包括以下幾個步驟:提供一隔膜基底;以及形成一功能層於所述隔膜基底的至少一個表面,所述功能層的形成方法包括:在隔膜基底的至少一個表面鋪設一第一奈米碳管層;提供複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒及複數個氧化石墨烯片,將所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒以及複數個氧化石墨烯片分散在一溶劑中得到一混合物,將混合物均勻沉積在該第一奈米碳管層的表面形成一第一氧化石墨烯複合層;在所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管層;在第二奈米碳管層的表面形成一第二氧化石墨烯複合層。
Description
本發明涉及一種鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,尤其涉及一種基於奈米碳管薄膜的鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法。
鋰硫電池以硫單質為正極,以金屬鋰為負極。放電時負極反應為鋰失去電子變為鋰離子,正極反應為硫與鋰離子及電子反應生成硫化物,其反應方程式為:S8+16Li++16e-1=8Li2S。由於發生多電子轉移反應,因此,其具有很高的理論比容量,比容量高達1672mAh g-1。另外,由於硫單質具備環境污染小、無毒、成本低、且原料來源廣泛等特點,因此,鋰硫電池受到越來越多的關注。
隔膜是鋰硫電池中的一個重要組成部分,用於分離正極和負極,以避免內部短路;以及有助於自由鋰離子在電極之間運輸。然而,先前的鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法得到的鋰硫電池隔膜很難抑制多硫化物擴散,進而使多硫化物在正極和負極之間穿梭,導致正極含硫結構的不可逆破壞。最終導致鋰硫電池的迴圈穩定性差,實際比容量低,倍率特性差等一系列問題。
有鑑於此,確有必要提供一種鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,該製備方法得到的鋰硫電池隔膜在保證鋰硫電池充放電過程中,鋰離子順利穿越,同時可以抑制多硫化物擴散,避免多硫化物在正極和負極之間穿梭的鋰硫電池隔膜。
一種鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,包括以下幾個步驟:S1:提供一隔膜基底;以及S2:形成一功能層於所述隔膜基底的至少一個表面,所述功能層的形成方法包括:S21:在隔膜基底的至少一個表面鋪設一第一奈米碳管層;S22:提供複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒及複數個氧化石墨烯片,將所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒以及複數個氧化石墨烯片分散在一溶劑中得到一混合物,將混合物均勻沉積在該第一奈米碳管層的表面形成一第一氧化石墨烯複合層;
S23:在所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管層;S24:在第二奈米碳管層的表面形成一第二氧化石墨烯複合層。
相較於先前技術,本發明提供的鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法得到的鋰硫電池隔膜,在隔膜基底的表面鋪設一由氧化石墨烯片,二氧化錳奈米顆粒,以及奈米碳管層組成的功能層,由於氧化石墨烯片,二氧化錳奈米顆粒中的含氧官能團對多硫化物具有很強的化學吸附作用,可以抑制多硫化物擴散,避免多硫化物在正極和負極之間穿梭。奈米碳管層具有很好的機械性和導電性。所以該鋰硫電池隔膜可以在保證鋰硫電池電化學反應活性和鋰離子順利穿越的同時,抑制多硫化物擴散,避免多硫化物在正極和負極之間穿梭。而且,奈米碳管層的品質較輕,不會影響鋰硫電池整體的能量密度。
10,20‧‧‧鋰硫電池隔膜
110‧‧‧隔膜基底
120‧‧‧功能層
122‧‧‧氧化石墨烯複合層
124‧‧‧奈米碳管層
1222‧‧‧氧化石墨烯片
1224‧‧‧二氧化錳奈米顆粒
圖1為本發明第一實施例鋰硫電池隔膜的結構示意圖。
圖2為本發明第一實施例鋰硫電池隔膜中的功能層的橫截面的形貌圖。
圖3為本發明第一實施例鋰硫電池隔膜中的功能層的結構示意圖。
圖4為本發明第一實施例鋰硫電池隔膜中的功能層的表面形貌圖。
圖5為本發明第一實施例鋰硫電池隔膜的奈米碳管層的電子顯微鏡照片。
圖6為本發明第二實施例鋰硫電池隔膜的結構示意圖。
圖7為本發明實施例1的鋰硫電池和對比例1中的鋰硫電池的恒流充放電循環測試結果。
圖8為本發明實施例1的鋰硫電池在不同循環次數下的充放電電壓特性曲線。
圖9為本發明實施例1的鋰硫電池在不同倍率下充放電循環測試結果。
圖10為實施例1的鋰硫電池經過倍率測試之後在0.5C充放電倍率下的循環測試結果。
圖11為本發明實施例1的鋰硫電池和對比例1中的鋰硫電池再1C充放電倍率下的長循環測試結果。
圖12為本發明實施例1的鋰硫電池在靜置20天前後的自放電測試對比結果。
圖13為本發明對比例1的鋰硫電池在靜置20天前後的自放電測試對比結果。
下面將結合附圖及具體實施例,對本技術方案實施例作進一步的詳細說明。
請參閱圖1,本發明第一實施例提供一鋰硫電池隔膜10,該鋰硫電池隔膜10包括:一隔膜基底110以及一功能層120。所述隔膜基底110為一平面結構,是具有一定厚度的薄膜。所述隔膜基底110具有兩個相對表面,所述功能層120覆蓋在所述隔膜基底110的兩個相對表面的至少一個表面。本實施例中,所述功能層120覆蓋在所述隔膜基底110的一個表面。
所述隔膜基底110可以為聚烯烴微孔膜,如聚丙烯(PP)膜、聚乙烯(PE)膜或兩者的多層複合膜。所述隔膜基底110具有複數個微孔。本實施例中,所述隔膜基底110為多孔的聚乙烯(PE)膜,孔徑為1微米左右,厚度為20微米。
所述功能層120的厚度優選1~3微米。圖2為本實施例中所述功能層120的橫截面的形貌圖,由圖2可以看出,本實施例中所述功能層的厚度為2微米左右。
請參閱圖3,所述功能層120包括至少兩層氧化石墨烯複合層122以及至少兩層奈米碳管層124層疊交替設置在所述隔膜基底110的至少一個表面,其中所述至少兩層奈米碳管層124中的一個奈米碳管層124與所述隔膜基底110直接接觸。所述氧化石墨烯複合層122包括複數個氧化石墨烯片1222以及複數個二氧化錳(MnO2)奈米顆粒1224。所述複數個氧化石墨烯片1222平鋪在所述奈米碳管層124的表面,所述複數個氧化石墨烯片1222相互搭接。所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224均勻的吸附在所述氧化石墨烯片1222上,並且該複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224嵌入在奈米碳管層124與所述氧化石墨烯片
1222形成的夾層中間。優選的,所述氧化石墨烯複合層122以及奈米碳管層124的數量相同。所述氧化石墨烯複合層122以及奈米碳管層124的層數優選8~12層。當氧化石墨烯複合層122以及奈米碳管層124的數量太大時,功能層120的厚度太大,鋰硫電池的整體能量密度將減小;而如果氧化石墨烯複合層122以及奈米碳管層124的數量太小,會導致鋰硫電池隔膜10的電化學反應活性較差以及無法限制多硫化物的穿梭效應。本實施例中,所述功能層120包括10層氧化石墨烯複合層122以及10層奈米碳管層124層疊交替設置。
請參閱圖4,為本實施例中所述功能層120的表面形貌圖,由圖3可以看出,二氧化錳奈米顆粒均勻分散在所述功能層120表面,且功能層120平整地覆蓋在奈米碳管層124之上,說明氧化石墨烯片1222和二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224在所述功能層120中均勻分佈。
所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224的直徑優選5~10奈米。所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224與所述複數個氧化石墨烯片1222的重量比優選1:2~1:1。本實施例中,所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224與所述複數個氧化石墨烯片1222的品質比為1:1。
所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒通過凡得瓦力吸附在複數個氧化石墨烯片上,吸附力較大,另外由於二氧化錳奈米顆粒的顆粒尺寸很小,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸較大且機械強度較高。奈米碳管層是一僅由奈米碳管組成的純結構,而且奈米碳管層中的網孔孔徑較小,一般只有幾十奈米。所以,二氧化錳奈米顆粒可牢固吸附在氧化石墨烯片層上,且該複合層結構被交疊奈米碳管層固定,因此MnO2顆粒不會在奈米碳管層的孔隙中自由移動。
所述奈米碳管層124可為一層奈米碳管薄膜,也可為至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜。請參閱圖5,當所述奈米碳管層124為一層奈米碳管薄膜時,相鄰的兩層奈米碳管層124交叉設置,交叉角度優選90度。當所述奈米碳管層124為至少兩層奈米碳管薄膜時,該至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜之間通過範德華力緊密結合。優選的,該至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜相互交叉地重疊設置,交叉角度不限。更優選的,該至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜中的奈米碳管薄膜相互交叉地重疊設置,交叉角度為90度。本實施例中,所述奈米碳管層124包括兩層奈米碳管薄膜重疊且交叉設置,交叉角度為90度。
所述奈米碳管薄膜由若干奈米碳管組成,所述奈米碳管薄膜中多數奈米碳管是通過範德華力首尾相連。所述奈米碳管薄膜為超順排奈米碳管薄膜,超順排奈米碳管薄膜是指奈米碳管薄膜中的所述若干奈米碳管沿同一方向擇優取向排列。所述擇優取向是指在奈米碳管薄膜中大多數奈米碳管的整體延伸方向基本朝同一方向。當然,所述奈米碳管薄膜中存在少數隨機排列的奈米碳管,這些奈米碳管不會對奈米碳管薄膜中大多數奈米碳管的整體取向排列構成明顯影響。
本發明實施例提供的鋰硫電池隔膜10在隔膜基底的表面鋪設一由氧化石墨烯複合層122以及奈米碳管層124組成的夾層結構,該氧化石墨烯複合層122包括複數個氧化石墨烯片1222和複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224,由於氧化石墨烯片1222,二氧化錳奈米顆粒1224中的含氧官能團對多硫化物具有很強的化學吸附力,奈米碳管層具有很好的機械性和導電性。所以該鋰硫電池隔膜10可以在保證鋰硫電池電化學反應活性的同時,抑制多硫化物擴散,避免多硫化物在正極和負極之間穿梭。
請參閱圖6,本發明第二實施例提供一鋰硫電池隔膜20,該鋰硫電池隔膜20與第一實施例中的鋰硫電池隔膜10基本相同,其不同在於,本實施例中,隔膜基底110的兩個相對表面上均覆蓋有所述功能層120。即,所述隔膜基底110設置在兩層功能層120之間。
本發明第三實施例進一步提供一種鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法。該鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法包括以下幾個步驟:S1:提供一隔膜基底;以及S2:形成一功能層於所述隔膜基底的一個表面,所述功能層的形成方法包括:S21:在隔膜基底的表面鋪設一第一奈米碳管層;S22:提供複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒及複數個氧化石墨烯片,將所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒以及複數個氧化石墨烯片分散在一溶劑中得到一混合物,將混合物均勻沉積在該第一奈米碳管層的表面形成一第一氧化石墨烯複合層;S23:在所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管層;S24:在第二奈米碳管層的表面形成一第二氧化石墨烯複合層。
步驟S1中,所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒的直徑優選5~10nm。
所述隔膜基底可以為鋰硫電池中的常用隔膜。優選的,所述隔膜基底為聚烯烴微孔膜,如聚丙烯(PP)膜、聚乙烯(PE)膜或兩者的多層複合膜。所述隔膜基底具有複數個微孔。本實施例中,所述隔膜基底為多孔的聚乙烯(PE)膜,孔徑為1微米左右,厚度為20微米。
步驟S2中,所述溶劑優選乙醇,異丙醇等易揮發的非極性溶劑。本實施例中,所述溶劑為乙醇。
所述第一奈米碳管層或第二奈米碳管層可為一層奈米碳管薄膜,也可為至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜。當所述第一奈米碳管層或第二奈米碳管層為一層奈米碳管薄膜時,相鄰的兩層第一奈米碳管層或第二奈米碳管層交叉設置,交叉角度優選90度。當所述第一奈米碳管層或第二奈米碳管層為至少兩層奈米碳管薄膜時,該至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜之間通過範德華力緊密結合。優選的,該至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜相互交叉地重疊設置,交叉角度不限。更優選的,該至少兩層重疊的奈米碳管薄膜中的奈米碳管薄膜相互交叉地重疊設置,交叉角度為90度。本實施例中,所述第一奈米碳管層以及第二奈米碳管層均包括兩層奈米碳管薄膜重疊且交叉設置,交叉角度為90度。
所述奈米碳管薄膜由若干奈米碳管組成,所述奈米碳管薄膜中多數奈米碳管是通過範德華力首尾相連。所述奈米碳管薄膜為超順排奈米碳管薄膜,超順排奈米碳管薄膜是指奈米碳管薄膜中的所述若干奈米碳管沿同一方向擇優取向排列。所述擇優取向是指在奈米碳管薄膜中大多數奈米碳管的整體延伸方向基本朝同一方向。當然,所述奈米碳管薄膜中存在少數隨機排列的奈米碳管,這些奈米碳管不會對奈米碳管薄膜中大多數奈米碳管的整體取向排列構成明顯影響。
所述奈米碳管薄膜是採用一拉伸工具從一奈米碳管陣列中拉取得到的,所述奈米碳管薄膜從奈米碳管陣列中拉出之後,直接鋪設到所述隔膜基底上。具體的,採用低壓化學氣相沉積在一4英寸的矽晶片生長一奈米碳管陣列,其中,鐵作為催化劑,乙炔作為前體。優選的,該奈米碳管陣列的高度為300μm,奈米碳管陣列中奈米碳管的直徑為10~20nm。具體的製備方法請參見2008年8月13日公開的,公開號為101239712A的中國發明專利申請公開說明書。
所述在隔膜基底的表面鋪設所述第一奈米碳管層,可以通過在奈米碳管陣列中拉取奈米碳管薄膜直接鋪設在隔膜基底上。當第一奈米碳管層包括兩層或兩層以上交叉且層疊設置的奈米碳管薄膜時,首先在隔膜基底的表面鋪設一第一奈米碳管薄膜;其次:在第一奈米碳管薄膜的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管薄膜,且使第一奈米碳管薄膜中奈米碳管的延伸方向與第二奈米碳管薄膜中的延伸方向相互交叉;多次重複上述步驟,可以得到包括兩層或兩層以上交叉且層疊設置的奈米碳管薄膜的奈米碳管層。本實施例中,首先在隔膜基底的表面鋪設一第一奈米碳管薄膜;其次,在所述第一奈米碳管薄膜的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管薄膜,所述第一奈米碳管薄膜中奈米碳管的延伸方向與第二奈米碳管薄膜中奈米碳管的延伸方向垂直。
在所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層的表面鋪設所述第二奈米碳管層的方法與所述在隔膜基底的表面鋪設第一奈米碳管層的方法相同。
步驟S21中,在所述隔膜基底的表面鋪設所述第一奈米碳管層之前,可進一步包括將所述隔膜基底固定在一平面玻璃上。
步驟S22中,可以採用機械攪拌或超聲震盪等方式使所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒以及複數個氧化石墨烯片在所述溶劑中分散均勻,得到所述混合物。所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒與所述複數個氧化石墨烯片的品質比優選1:2~1:1。本實施例中,將5mg二氧化錳奈米顆粒和5mg氧化石墨烯片分散在40mL乙醇中,並超聲分散30min。
所述將混合物均勻沉積在第一奈米碳管層的表面形成第一氧化石墨烯複合層的具體方法包括:將所述混合物通過滴管或緩慢傾倒等方式均勻沉積在第一奈米碳管層的表面,使該混合物浸潤該第一奈米碳管層,加熱去除混合物中的溶劑,在第一奈米碳管層的表面形成所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層。
由於採用機械攪拌或超聲等方式可以使所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒通過凡得瓦力吸附在複數個氧化石墨烯片上,吸附力較大,外由於二氧化錳奈米顆粒的顆粒尺寸很小,氧化石墨烯片的尺寸較大且機械強度較高。奈米碳管層是一僅包括奈米碳管的純結構,而且奈米碳管層中的網孔孔徑較小,一般只有幾十奈米。所以,二氧化錳奈米顆粒可牢固吸附在氧化石墨烯片層上,且該複合層結構被交疊奈米碳管層固定,因此MnO2顆粒不會在奈米碳管層的孔隙中自由移動。所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒均勻的吸附在所述氧化石墨烯
片上,並且該複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒嵌入在奈米碳管層與所述氧化石墨烯片形成的夾層中間。
可選擇地,可以多次重複步驟S23和S24,使得所述功能層包括多層奈米碳管層以及多層氧化石墨烯複合層層疊交替設置。優選的,該步驟重複7~11次。
本實施例中,將步驟S23和S24依次重複9次,形成一功能層,該功能層包括10層奈米碳管層和10層氧化石墨烯複合層交替層疊設置。具體的,在所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管層,並在第二奈米碳管層的表面成一第二氧化石墨烯複合層;在第二氧化石墨烯複合層上鋪設一第三奈米碳管層,並在第三奈米碳管層的表面形成一第三氧化石墨烯複合層;以此類推,直到在所述隔膜基底上形成10層奈米碳管層,且每層奈米碳管層上均勻沉積一氧化石墨烯複合層。
本發明第四實施例提供一種鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法。該鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法與第三實施例中的製備方法基本相同,其不同僅在於步驟S2中,在所述隔膜基底的兩個相對的表面均形成一功能層,該功能層在兩個相對的表面的形成方法與第三實施例中的功能層的形成方法相同。
本發明第五實施例進一步提供一鋰硫電池。該鋰硫電池包括正極,負極,鋰硫電池隔膜以及電解液。所述鋰硫電池隔膜設置在正極和負極之間。其中,所述正極為硫-奈米碳管複合極片,其中硫含量佔正極極片品質的60wt%~80wt%;所述負極為金屬鋰片,由於奈米碳管本身具有優良的柔韌性、長徑比和導電性,因此所製備的硫-奈米碳管正極極片不需要採用黏合劑和集流體,進而可以提高鋰硫電池的能量密度。所述隔膜採用上述鋰硫電池隔膜10,在此不再詳細描述。所述電解液可以為鋰硫電池的常用電解液。
實施例1
以硫-奈米碳管複合極片為正極,以金屬鋰片為負極,以1,3-二氧戊環(DOL)/乙二醇二甲醚(DME)基二(三氟甲基磺酸)亞胺鋰(LiTFSI)為電解液,組成一鋰硫電池。其中,正極極片的載硫品質比重為75wt%。
本實施例中的鋰硫電池隔膜包括一隔膜基底以及一功能層,隔膜基底為厚度為20微米的聚乙烯膜,功能層包括10層氧化石墨烯片以及10層奈米碳管層層疊交替設置在所述隔膜基底的一個表面。複數個MnO2奈米顆粒吸
附在氧化石墨烯片上,並且該複數個MnO2奈米顆粒嵌入在奈米碳管層與所述氧化石墨烯片形成的夾層中間。所述奈米碳管層由10個奈米碳管薄膜層疊且垂直交叉設置
對比例1
本實施例中的鋰硫電池與實施例中的鋰硫電池基本相同,不同僅在於對比例1中的的鋰硫電池隔膜為厚度為20微米的聚乙烯(PE)膜。
請參閱圖7,實施例1中的鋰硫電池以0.5C的恒定速率充放電,在經過200次充放電循環後,鋰硫電池的比容量保持在654mA h g-1(相對極片)以上。而對比例1的鋰硫電池,在相同的測試條件下,經過200次充放電循環後,電池的比容量僅為316mA h g-1(相對極片)。說明與對比例1的的鋰硫電池相比實施例1的鋰硫電池的容量及容量保持率均得到很大的提高。
請參閱圖8,為實施例1中鋰硫電池在0.5C的充放電倍率下分別循環1圈(1st),50圈(50th),100圈(100th)和200圈(200th)後的充放電電壓特性曲線,從圖中可以看出,循環200圈之後放電容量的保持率為80.4%,且循環1圈,50圈,100圈和200圈之後,鋰硫電池均具有較為穩定平整,包括2.35V和2.10V的兩個放電電壓平臺,說明實施例1中的鋰硫電池隔膜很好地抑制了充放電反應過程中多硫化物的穿梭效應,避免了正極極片中活性物質硫單質的損失,同時進一步提高了鋰硫電池的電化學反應活性。進而極大地改善了鋰硫電池的循環穩定性和容量保持率。
請參閱圖9,為實施例1中的鋰硫電池的倍率特性測試結果。倍率測試分為兩個部分,第一部分為快充慢放,在以0.5C的恒定速率放電下,分別以0.2C,0.5C,1C,5C,7C和10C進行充電,從圖中可以看出,在高倍率充電情況,鋰硫電池的放電容量仍然保持很高,且容量衰減較小。第二部分為快充快放,從圖中可以看出,在高倍率放電情況下,鋰硫電池的容量仍然保持較好的保持率,且在低倍率再循環下容量恢復率較高,表明該鋰硫電池具備優異的電化學特性。
請參閱圖10,為實施例1中的鋰硫電池經過倍率測試之後在0.5C充放電倍率下再循環100圈,從圖中可以看出,經過高倍率充放電測試之後,鋰硫電池的長循環穩定性並沒有表現出明顯衰減,在0.5C充放倍率再循環100圈後容量仍然可以保持在700mA h g-1以上。
請參閱圖11,當實施例1中的鋰硫電池以1C的恒定充放電倍率循環2500圈後,鋰硫電池的放電容量容量仍然可以達到293mA h g-1,庫侖效率保持在98.8%以上。說明實施例1中的鋰硫電池具有很好的充放電循環能力。而對比例1的鋰硫電池,在相同的測試條件下,表現出明顯的容量衰減過程,並在循環700圈時發生內部短路,同時其庫倫效率不高,且較實施例1的鋰硫電池有明顯波動。
請參閱圖12和圖13,為對實施例1及對比例1的鋰硫電池進行自放電測試。從圖12可以看出,靜置20天之後,實施例1的鋰硫電池仍具有很好的穩定性,20天後測試的放電容量可以達到即刻測試放電容量的93.0%以上,且在100圈循環過程中表現出很好的穩定性。從圖13可以看出,對比例1的鋰硫電池在靜置20天之後,其放電容量較即刻測試的放電容量有很明顯的衰減表現,表現出嚴重的自放電現象,同時在100圈測試過程中有明顯活化過程,但其放電容量仍然不高。說明實施例1中的鋰硫電池基本沒有自放電現象,而對比例1中的鋰硫電池自放電現象嚴重。
本發明的鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法成本較低,操作簡單,易於工業化生產。
綜上所述,本發明確已符合發明專利之要件,遂依法提出專利申請。惟,以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例,自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡習知本案技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化,皆應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍內。
124‧‧‧奈米碳管層
1222‧‧‧氧化石墨烯片
1224‧‧‧二氧化錳奈米顆粒
Claims (10)
- 一種鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,包括以下幾個步驟:S1:提供一隔膜基底;以及S2:形成一功能層於所述隔膜基底的至少一個表面,所述功能層的形成方法包括:S21:在隔膜基底的至少一個表面鋪設一第一奈米碳管層;S22:提供複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒及複數個氧化石墨烯片,將所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒以及複數個氧化石墨烯片分散在一溶劑中得到一混合物,將混合物均勻沉積在該第一奈米碳管層的表面形成一第一氧化石墨烯複合層;S23:在所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管層;S24:在第二奈米碳管層的表面形成一第二氧化石墨烯複合層。
- 如請求項第1項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,步驟S22中,採用機械攪拌或超聲震盪使所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒以及複數個氧化石墨烯片在所述溶劑中分散均勻。
- 如請求項第1項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,步驟S22中,所述複數個二氧化錳奈米顆粒與所述複數個氧化石墨烯片的品質比為1:2~1:1。
- 如請求項第1項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,步驟S21中,在所述隔膜基底的表面鋪設所述第一奈米碳管層之前,進一步包括將所述隔膜基底固定在一平面玻璃上。
- 如請求項第1項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,步驟S21中,所述第一奈米碳管層從一奈米碳管陣列中拉出之後,直接鋪設到所述隔膜基底的表面。
- 如請求項第1項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,所述第一奈米碳管層包括兩層或兩層以上交叉且層疊設置的奈米碳管薄膜,所述在隔膜基底的表面鋪設所述第一奈米碳管層的方法包括:在隔膜基底的表面鋪設一第一奈米碳管薄膜;在第一奈米碳管薄膜的表面鋪設一第二奈米碳管薄膜,且使第一奈米碳管薄膜中奈米碳管的延伸方向與第二奈米碳管薄膜中的延伸方向相互交叉;重複上述步驟。
- 如請求項第1項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,多次重複步驟S23和S24。
- 如請求項第7項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,重複步驟S23和S24,7~11次。
- 如請求項第1項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,所述將混合物均勻沉積在該第一奈米碳管層的表面形成所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層的具體方法包括:將所述混合物傾倒在第一奈米碳管層的表面,使該混合物浸潤該第一奈米碳管層,加熱去除混合物中的溶劑,在第一奈米碳管層的表面形成所述第一氧化石墨烯複合層。
- 如請求項第9項所述之鋰硫電池隔膜的製備方法,其中,所述二氧化錳奈米顆粒不會滲透到奈米碳管層中,奈米碳管層是一僅由奈米碳管組成的純結構。
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