TWI613072B - 具有穩壓內層之覆膜導體 - Google Patents
具有穩壓內層之覆膜導體 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI613072B TWI613072B TW103114035A TW103114035A TWI613072B TW I613072 B TWI613072 B TW I613072B TW 103114035 A TW103114035 A TW 103114035A TW 103114035 A TW103114035 A TW 103114035A TW I613072 B TWI613072 B TW I613072B
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- conductor
- coated conductor
- polymer composition
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 26
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
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- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVOZXXSUSRZIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prop-2-enylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CCC1CCCCC1 KVOZXXSUSRZIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920010346 Very Low Density Polyethylene (VLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylidenebutanoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(=C)CC QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPZFLZYXYGBAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CCC1(C)OCCO1 UPZFLZYXYGBAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCAWNQIQDRHBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=C)(=O)O.[SiH4].C=C Chemical compound C(C=C)(=O)O.[SiH4].C=C HCAWNQIQDRHBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVHATDHYVDBRRR-PEKFUONFSA-N CCCC[C@@H](CC)COCC(COC(C(C)C1)=CC(O)=C1c1nc(-c2c(C)cc(CC)cc2)nc(-c2c(C)cc(C)cc2)n1)O Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)COCC(COC(C(C)C1)=CC(O)=C1c1nc(-c2c(C)cc(CC)cc2)nc(-c2c(C)cc(C)cc2)n1)O NVHATDHYVDBRRR-PEKFUONFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CN1C(c2ccc(*)cc2)=*C(c(c(O*)c2)ccc2OC(BC=C)C(O*)=O)=NC1c1ccc(*)cc1 Chemical compound CN1C(c2ccc(*)cc2)=*C(c(c(O*)c2)ccc2OC(BC=C)C(O*)=O)=NC1c1ccc(*)cc1 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000333 X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HEAMQYHBJQWOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;oct-1-ene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCCCC=C HEAMQYHBJQWOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005461 organic phosphorous group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-diene Chemical compound C=CCC=C QYZLKGVUSQXAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/29—Compounds containing one or more carbon-to-nitrogen double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本案揭露具有增強的擊穿強度之聚合物組成物。該聚合物組成物含有聚烯烴和穩壓劑,該穩壓劑係選自於由三種特殊三
Description
本申請案基於2013年4月18日提出申請的美國專利臨時申請案第61/813,320號,主張優先權。
一典型的電纜包含在一電纜核心內之一或多個導體,該電纜核心被一或多層聚合物材料包覆。中電壓(6至36kV)、高電壓(大於36kV)、及特高電壓(大於220kV)的電纜一般包含一個核心以及最外層護套,該核心被一內部半導體層包覆,接著被一絕緣層包覆,及接著再被一外層半導體層包覆。
一個電纜系統的負載能力,某種程度上,受限於遠離導體的熱傳。聚烯烴,如聚乙烯,經常被用在絕緣層,及/或半導體層中。聚乙烯具有低介電容率及相對高的電擊穿強度。
用於增加電纜中,絕緣層電擊穿強度的聚烯烴組成物之穩壓劑是已知的。但傳統的穩壓劑(如多環芳香烴族,例:并苯)與聚烯烴的相容性差。此技術認知到對於與聚烯烴相容的穩壓劑的持續需要,為了:(1)增強電纜絕緣材料的電擊穿強度,(2)增強現有電纜設計的可靠度及/或
(3)提供能傳輸大量能量的高應力設計。
一具體實施例為一覆膜導體,包含:一導體;一不透明最外層;一位於導體及最外層之間的內層,該內層包含一聚合物組成物,該組成物包含:聚烯烴;及三(triazine),選自於由具有下述結構(I)、(II)或(III)中之一的化合物及該等化合物中之二或多者的組合所構成之群組:
10‧‧‧絕緣電纜
12‧‧‧金屬導體
14‧‧‧屏蔽層
16‧‧‧絕緣層
18‧‧‧外屏蔽層
20‧‧‧纏繞的配線或導電帶的金屬網
22‧‧‧最外層
圖1為一根據本案揭露的一具體實施例的電纜之立體圖
本案揭露提供一聚合物組成物。該聚合物組成物包含(i)聚合物成分,(ii)穩壓劑,與(iii)任擇的其他添加物。本案揭露進一步提供包含該聚合物組成物的覆膜導體。
該聚合物成分可包括熱塑性塑膠和/或熱固性材料(如聚矽氧橡膠)。該聚合物成分可為交聯或可為未交聯。合適的熱塑性塑膠的非限制性範例包括聚胺甲酸酯、聚烯烴、環聚縮醛、聚碳酸酯、乙烯基聚合物、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、丙烯酸類、聚苯乙烯、聚碸、聚醚酮、纖維素、聚酯、聚醚、氟聚合物和其等的共聚物,如烯烴-乙烯基共聚物、烯烴-烯丙基共聚物以及聚醚與聚醯胺的共聚物。乙烯基聚合物的例子包括聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯縮醛。
當理想的是使用一交聯聚合物成分,交聯能藉由
以下非限制性步驟中之一或多者來完成:自由基交聯(如過氧化物交聯);輻射交聯(如電子加速器,伽瑪射線,如X射線、微波的高能量輻射等等);熱交聯,及/或濕式固化(如矽烷-接枝)。
在一具體實施例中,該聚合物成分為聚烯烴。合適的聚烯烴的非限制性範例為均聚物和包含一或多個C2-C20之α-烯烴的共聚物。為了本案揭露,乙烯被視為α-烯烴。合適的α-烯烴的非限制性範例為乙烯、丙烯、異丁烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、和1-辛烯。合適的聚烯烴的非限制性範例包括以乙烯為主的聚合物,以丙烯為主的聚合物,及其等之組合。「以乙烯為主的聚合物」,或「聚乙烯」和相似的專門術語為含有至少50莫耳百分比(mol%)之衍生自乙烯的單元的聚合物。「丙烯類聚合物」,或「聚丙烯」和相似的專門術語為含有至少50莫耳百分比之衍生自丙烯的單元的聚合物。
在一具體實施例中,該聚合物成分為以乙烯為主的聚合物。該以乙烯為主的聚合物可以為乙烯均聚物或乙烯/α-烯烴間聚物。該α-烯烴含量,以間聚物的重量為基準,為約5wt%,或約10wt%,或約15wt%,或約20wt%,或約25wt%至小於50wt%,或小於約45wt%,或小於約40wt%,或小於約35wt%。該α-烯烴含量係使用13C核磁共振(NMR)光譜法測量,使用描述於Randall(Rev.Macromol.Chem.Phys.,C29(2&3))中的步驟。一般而言,間聚物的α-烯烴含量愈大,間聚物的密度愈低且愈為非晶
形,且此可轉變為保護性絕緣層的理想物理及化學特性。
該α-烯烴為線性C3-20、分支的或環狀α-烯烴。合適的C3-20之α-烯烴的非限制性範例包括丙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二烯、1-十四烯、1-十六烯及1-十八烯。該α-烯烴亦可包含如環己烷或環戊烷的環狀結構,而得出如如3-環己基-1-丙烯(烯丙基環己烷)及乙烯基環己烷的α-烯烴。雖然並非此專門術語的傳統觀點中的α-烯烴,但為了本案揭露的目的,如降莰烯和相關的烯烴,特別是5-亞乙基-2-降莰烯的環狀烯烴被視為α-烯烴,且可用於取代部分或全部的上述α-烯烴。同樣地,苯乙烯及其相關的烯烴(例如,α-甲基苯乙烯等),為本案揭露的目的被視為α-烯烴。合適的以乙烯為主的聚合物的非限制性範例包括以下共聚物:乙烯/丙烯,乙烯/丁烯,乙烯/1-己烯,乙烯/1-辛烯,乙烯/苯乙烯,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯,乙烯-丙酸乙烯酯,乙烯-異丁酸乙烯酯,乙烯-乙烯醇,乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯,乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯,乙烯-甲基丙烯酸乙酯,乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA),乙烯-烯丙基苯,乙烯-烯丙基醚,及乙烯-丙烯醛;乙烯-丙烯(EPR)橡膠或乙烯-丙烯-二烯(EPDM)橡膠;天然橡膠;丁基橡膠等等。
合適的三元共聚物的非限制性範例包括乙烯/丙烯/1-辛烯,乙烯/丙烯/丁烯,乙烯/丁烯/1-辛烯,乙烯/丙烯/二烯單體(EPDM),及乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。該共聚物/間聚物可為隨機或嵌段。
以乙烯為主的聚合物可為高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),中密度聚乙烯(MDPE),低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),及/或極低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE)。使用於本案揭露的實施之以乙烯為主的聚合物可被單獨使用或與一或多個其他以乙烯為主的聚合物組合使用,例如,二或多個「彼此不同」之以乙烯為主的聚合物的摻合物,「彼此不同」意指以至少一例如單體/共聚單體組成及含量、熔融指數、熔化溫度、分支程度,製備的催化方法等的特性的角度,該等以乙烯為主的聚合物無共通性。如果以乙烯為主的聚合物為二或多個以乙烯為主的聚合物的摻合物,則以乙烯為主的聚合物可藉由任何反應器中或反應器後的製程來摻合。該反應器可充填相同的催化劑,但在例如不同的反應物濃度、溫度、壓力等之不同條件下操作,或在相同狀態下操作但充填不同的催化劑。
使用高壓程序製造之以乙烯為主的聚合物的範例包括(但不限制於)低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),乙烯丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA),及乙烯矽烷丙烯酯三元共聚物。
合適的以乙烯為主的聚合物的非限制性範例包括極低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE)(例如陶氏化學公司(The Dow Chemical Company)製造的FLEXMOR®乙烯/1-己烷聚乙烯),均相分支的、線性乙烯/α-烯烴共聚物(例如三井石油化學有限公司(Mitsui Petrochemicals company Limited)的TAFMER®及艾克森美孚化學公司(Exxon Chemical
Company)的EXACT®),均相分支的、實質線性乙烯/α-烯烴共聚物(例如可自陶氏化學公司取得的AFFINITY®及ENGAGE®聚乙烯),及乙烯嵌共聚物(例如可自陶氏化學公司取得的INFUSE®聚乙烯)。實質線性乙烯共聚物描述於美國專利第5,272,236, 5,278,272,及5,986,028號中。
除聚合物成分外,聚合物組成物亦包括一穩壓劑(或簡稱VSA)。如本文中使用者,「穩壓劑」為一化合物,當暴露於電場下,會減低聚合物材料的損害。已考慮到VSA可捕捉電子或使電子失活以抑制絕緣材料中電樹枝化(electrical treeing),或者是提供高度局部化電場的有效篩選(靠近缺陷或污染物),從而減低注入電子的能量及/或頻率,該注入電子可能對聚烯烴造成傷害。將該VSA與聚合物成分摻合以抑制或延遲樹枝化現象。不被任何特定理論約束,一般相信該VSA會填滿及/或圍繞聚合物成分中的缺陷,該缺陷為樹枝化的起始點。該缺陷包含存在於聚合物成分中的空隙及/或雜質。
a)在一具體實施例中,該聚合物組成物包括從約0.1wt%或約0.2wt%至約5wt%,或約3wt%,或約1wt%的VSA。
c)前述的VSA無法預期地改良含有本案揭露之聚合物組成物的絕緣層的直流電(「DC」)擊穿強度。該DC擊穿強度的改良可由下文中描述的實施例1-3中呈現的增加的DC擊穿強度看出。
此外,本案揭露的VSA顯示出在聚烯烴基質中的良好溶解度及低遷移趨勢。本案揭露的VSA可有效地與該聚合物組成物中的其他成分一起使用,特別是交聯劑。
在不同的具體實施例中,含有一或多個上述VSA的聚合物組成物的DC擊穿強度為至少400kV/mm,至少425kV/mm,或至少450kV/mm且最高達700kV/mm,650kV/mm,600kV/mm,或550kV/mm。DC擊穿強度將根據以下測試方法章節中提供的步驟來測定。在一具體實施例中,該聚合物組成物的DC擊穿強度範圍為467至543kV/mm。
在一具體實施例中,含有一或多個上述VSA的聚合物組成物的DC擊穿強度,比具有相同組成但缺少VSA的比較例聚合物組成物高至少5%,至少10%,至少15%,或至少20%。在一具體實施例中,含有一或多個上述VSA的聚合物組成物的DC擊穿強度範圍,比具有相同組成但缺少VSA的比較例聚合物組成物高10%至40%,或13%至32%。
任何前述的聚合物組成物可選擇性地包含一或多個添加物。合適的添加物的非限制性例子包括抗氧化劑、安定劑、加工助劑、防焦劑及/或交聯增強劑。作為
抗氧化劑,能被提及的是立體受阻或半受阻酚、芳族胺、脂肪族立體受阻胺、有機亞磷酸,硫化物及其等之混合物。傳統的交聯增強劑可包括具有乙烯基或烯丙基的化合物,舉例如三聚氰酸三乙烯酯,三聚異氰酸三乙烯酯,及二-、三-或四-丙烯酸酯。作為其他的添加劑,能被提及的是耐燃性添加劑、酸性捕捉劑、無機填充劑、抗水樹劑及其他穩壓劑。
本文中使用之「防焦劑」為在聚合物組成物的擠壓期間,在典型使用的擠壓溫度下,當與不含此化合物的經擠壓聚合物組成物相較,會減少焦化形成的化合物。除了防焦特性外,防焦劑可同時達到其他效果,例如助推作用,亦即在交聯步驟期間增進交聯性能。
聚合物組成物可包含本文中揭露的二或更多的具體實施例。
本案揭露提供了含有本案之聚合物組成物的物件。在一具體實施例中,該物件包含導體及在該導體上的塗層。如此形成覆膜導體。該導體可為單一電纜或數條綁束在一起的電纜(也就是電纜核心或核心)。該覆膜導體可為撓性、半剛性或剛性。合適的覆膜導體的非限制性範例包括撓性配線,如消費性電子產品的撓性配線、電纜、行動電話及/或電腦充電器電線、電腦數據線、電源線、家電配線材料及消費性電子產品的配件線。
塗層是塗覆在導體上。該塗層可為一或多層內
層,例如絕緣層及/或屏蔽層及/或半導體層。該塗層亦可包括一或多層外層(亦被指為護套或護鞘)。該塗層包括如本案揭露之任一聚合物組成物。如本文中所使用者,「在...之上(on)」包含塗層(或一層)與該導體之間的直接或間接接觸。「直接接觸」為一種構形,藉此塗層直接與導體接觸,在塗層與導體之間無中介層及/或中介材料。「間接接觸」為一種構形,藉此一或多中介層及/或一或多中介結構或材料是位於導體與塗層之間。該塗層可全部或一部分覆蓋或者包圍或包覆該導體。該塗層可為包圍該導體的唯一元件。或者,該塗層可為包覆該金屬導體的一層多層結構、護套或護鞘。
在一具體實施例中,提供一覆膜導體且包括導體,內層,不透明最外層(或護鞘)。不透明最外層為暴露層或與周圍環境接觸的層。內層位於導體與最外層之間。換言之,內層並未暴露至周圍環境及/或暴露於陽光。內層包括含有如上述揭露的聚烯烴及VSA之聚合物組成物。VSA可為如本文中所述之任何結構(I)、(II)及(III)的三,或二個不同三的摻合物。
在一具體實施例中,該內層(含有聚烯烴及VSA)排除暴露於陽光的層。
在一具體實施例中,該內層的聚合物組成物含有聚乙烯。
在一具體實施例中,該內層的聚合物組成物含有交聯聚乙烯。
在一具體實施例中,該覆膜導體為在大於1Kv之電壓或大於6kV至36kV(中電壓)之電壓,或大於36kV(高電壓)之電壓,或大於220kV(特高電壓)之電壓下操作的電纜。圖1顯示絕緣電纜10(也就是覆膜導體),其包括金屬導體12、內屏蔽層14、絕緣層16、外屏蔽層18、纏繞的配線或導電帶的金屬網20,及最外層22(亦已知為護鞘)。最外層22是不透明的。
在一具體實施例中,內屏蔽層14及/或絕緣層16,及/或外屏蔽層18是由含有聚乙烯及結構(I)、(II)及(III)的三之聚合物組成物組成。亦即,內層可以為絕緣層及/或屏蔽層,二層中之一或全體含有本案之聚合物組成物。
本案之覆膜導體可包含本文中揭露之二或更多的具體實施例。
本文中所有參照到元素週期表的內容應意指CRC出版公司於2003出版及擁有版權的元素週期表。同樣,任何參照到一族或多族的內容應意指使用用於編號族的IUPAC系統之反映在元素週期表中的一族或多族。除非有相反指示,依本文或習知技術領域慣例的暗示,所有份量及百分比皆以重量為基準。為了美國專利實務,在本文中任何專利、專利申請案或公開案係全文併入本案中以供參考(或其美國對應案亦併入以供參考),特別是關於合成技術、定義(達不與本文中提供之任何定義相牴觸的程度),及技術領域中的一般知識的揭露。
在本文中描述的任何數值範圍,包括自較低數值至較高數值的所有數值,是以一單位遞增,限制條件為任何較低數值與任何較高數值之間存在有至少兩個單位的分隔。做為一實施例,若提到成分的含量,或組成或物理特性的數值,例如摻合成分的量、軟化溫度、熔融指數等,是界於1至100之間時,意指所有個別的數值,如1,2,3等,及所有次範圍,例如1至20,55至70,197至100等,皆已明白列舉於本案說明書中。對於小於1之數值,適當的是將一個單位認定為0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。這些僅為特別意圖的實施例,且列舉之最低值與最高值之間數值的所有可能組合被視為已明白描述於申請案中。換言之,本文中描述的任何數值範圍包括所述範圍內的任何值或次範圍。如本文中討論者,已載明參考熔融指數、熔體流動速率及其他特性的數值範圍。
於本文中使用的「摻合物」或「聚合物摻合物」為二或更多聚合物的摻合物。此摻合物可以是或可以不是相混容的(在分子階層無相分離)。此摻合物可以是或可以不是相分離的。此摻合物可以含有或可以不含有一或多個由穿隧電子能譜術、光散射、X光散射及習知技術中已知的其它方法決定出的區域組態。
絕緣體的「DC擊穿強度」為造成絕緣體某部分變成導電性的最低電壓,該電壓是用下文中測試方法章節中提供的步驟來測量。
「電纜」或相似專門術語為在一保護絕緣體、護
套或護鞘中的至少一配線或光纖。一般而言,電纜為綁束在一起的二或更多的配線或光纖,一般是在共同的保護絕緣體、護套或護鞘中。在護套中的個別配線或光纖可以是裸露、被覆蓋、或被隔離的。組合電纜可含有電線及光纖兩者。電纜等可以設計供低、中、高電壓應用。一般性的電纜設計係舉例說明於美國專利第5,246,783、6,496,629、及6,714,707號中。
「組成物」或相似專門術語意指二或更多之成分的混合物或摻合物。此處使用的“組成物”包括一種材料混合物,此材料混合物構成此組成物,以及由組成物中的材料形成的反應物和分解物。
專門術語「包含」及其衍生術語無意要排拒任何額外成分、步驟或程序的存在,不論其等是否已揭露於本文中。為了避免任何疑慮,除非有相反的說明,所有本文中請求的組成物,透過專門術語「包含」的使用,可包括任何額外的添加劑、佐劑、或化合物,不論是否為聚合物或其他。相對地,專門術語「實質上由...組成」自任何隨後詳述的範圍中,排除任何其它成分、步驟或程序,除了那些對可操作性非必要者以外。專門術語「由...組成」排除任何未被具體描述或列出的成分、步驟或程序。專門術言「或」,除非另外說明,意指單獨列出的組件及其任何的組合。
專門術語「導體」為拉長形狀的元件(配線、電纜、光纖),用於在任何電壓下(直流,交流,暫態)傳輸能
量。導體一般為至少一條金屬電線或至少一條金屬電纜(如鋁或銅),但亦可包括光纖。
專門術語「交聯」、「硬化」及類似術語意指聚合物在成型為元件之前或之後,接受或暴露於引發交聯的加工處理,且所具有的二甲苯和十氫萘之可萃取物的量小於或等於90重量百分比的(也就是大於或等於10重量百分比的凝膠含量)。
如本文中使用者,專門術語「絕緣層」為具有體積電阻率大於1010ohm-cm或大於1012ohm-cm的層。
如本文中使用者,專門術語「層」為圍繞導體的以聚合物為主的層,舉例而言,電絕緣層、半導體層、護鞘、保護層,水阻絕層,或實行組合功能的層,例如充填導電纖維的保護層。
專門術語「中電壓」一般意指界於6kV到大約36kV的電壓,而「高電壓」意指高於36kV的電壓,以及「特高電壓」一般意指高於220kV的電壓。熟習此技藝人士瞭解此等一般電壓範圍在美國以外的地區可能不同。
專門術語「不透明」為阻擋至少部分自然光(也就是太陽光)的材料。換言之,不透明材料無法讓具有250nm至800nm波長的光通過。
專門術語「聚合物」為藉由聚合相同或不同形式的單體製備的巨分子化合物。「聚合物」包括均聚物、共聚物、三元聚合物及間聚物等等。專門術語「間聚物」為藉由至少二種單體或共單體形式的聚合作用製備的聚合物。
此包括但不限於共聚物(其一般意指由兩種不同形式之單體或共單體製備的聚合物),三元聚合物(其一般意指由三種不同形式之單體或共單體製備的聚合物),四元聚合物(其一般意指由四種不同形式之單體或共單體製備的聚合物)等。
「屏蔽層」可為半導體性或電阻性。具有半導體特性的屏蔽層,當於90℃測量時,其體積電阻值小於1000Ω-m,或小於500Ω-m。具有電阻特性的屏蔽層的體積電阻率大於半導體層。具有電阻特性的屏蔽層的介電常數一般大於約10。
使用利用無稜角的0.25”圓形探針及大型平坦銅板的裝置執行DC擊穿強度測量。對於每一次測試,電壓以300V/s速度增加直至偵測到擊穿。「擊穿」是定義為從電源讀到電壓瞬間落至設定值的10%以下的點。所選擇的方法相對於電流峰值測量可減少來自靜電放電的偽陽性反應。DC擊穿測試步驟非常相似於ASTM D149(用於AC測試)且考量到ASTM D3755(用於DC測試)。DC擊穿強度為對厚度正規化後樣品失敗之電壓。ASTM方法建議為了足夠的標準差,每一樣品需要五個量測值。但早期測試顯示出標準差直至約十次量測前都無法平穩,同時標準誤差持續下降。為了於標準誤差及時間中取平衡點,每一樣品設定為十次的量測,以及取一平均值作為此材料的DC擊穿強度。
首先乾燥摻合包含特定量添加物之PE樹脂,接著混合物用~200RPM速度,在18-mm微型雙螺桿擠壓機內熔融摻合。流量為7lb/h及熔融溫度為約180-200℃。擠壓出的線股經空氣冷卻且切成珠粒。
藉由使用單螺桿擠壓機製造包含特定量添加物之PE膜。該膜沿著擠壓機,在170-210℃的溫度範圍內鑄造。模具間隙設定為4mm,及冷卻輥溫度為40℃。該膜的厚度約為1-2密耳(mils)。
實施例1為包含1wt%之下述三穩壓劑的LDPE,其為85wt%之溶於1-甲氧-2-丙醇中的溶液:
此穩壓劑可自BASF取得,品牌名為TINUVINTM400。使用在此實施例的LDPE為得自陶氏化學公司(米德蘭市,明尼蘇達州,美國)之LDPE DXM446。
實施例3為包含0.85wt%之應用於實施例2的相同穩壓劑之LDPE。使用在此實施例的LDPE與實施例1相同。
比較例樣品A為不含穩壓劑的LDPE。使用在比較例樣品A的LDPE與實施例1相同。
本案揭露尤其企圖不受限於本文中涵括的具體實施例及解釋說明,且包括該等具體實施例的改良形式,此等改良形式落於以下申請專利範圍範疇中的具體實施例部分與不同具體實施例之元件的組合。
10‧‧‧絕緣電纜
12‧‧‧金屬導體
14‧‧‧屏蔽層
16‧‧‧絕緣層
18‧‧‧外屏蔽層
20‧‧‧纏繞的配線或導電帶的金屬網
22‧‧‧最外層
Claims (10)
- 如請求項1的覆膜導體,其中該聚烯烴為聚乙烯。
- 如請求項1的覆膜導體,其中該聚合物組成物與該導體直接接觸。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項的覆膜導體,其中該覆膜導體是選自於由中電壓電纜、高電壓電纜及特高電壓電纜所構成之群組。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項的覆膜導體,其中該內層為絕緣層。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項的覆膜導體,其中該內層為屏蔽層。
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2014
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EP3395874B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
EP2986668A1 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
EP3643741A1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
KR102181765B1 (ko) | 2020-11-24 |
JP6348973B2 (ja) | 2018-06-27 |
CN105209534B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
MX2015014642A (es) | 2016-03-01 |
TW201500183A (zh) | 2015-01-01 |
CN105209534A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
CA2908972C (en) | 2022-08-02 |
CA2908972A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
US10490318B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
MX2020007324A (es) | 2020-09-07 |
EP3395874A3 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
US20160027550A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
EP2986668B1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
BR112015021505A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
JP2016520960A (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
KR20150143487A (ko) | 2015-12-23 |
EP3395874A2 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
WO2014172107A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
EP3643741B1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
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