TWI606176B - An air suction and exhaust gases recirculation system for a diesel engine - Google Patents

Description

Air intake and exhaust recirculation system for diesel engines

The present invention relates to the technical part of a diesel engine having a recirculation system of exhaust gas, and more particularly to an air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system for a diesel engine, as defined in the preamble of claim 1 .

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a system used in engines, particularly in diesel engines, to limit the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the oxidation of nitrogen in the atmosphere, due to operational processes. The high temperature and pressure present in the combustion chamber.

The introduction of a predetermined amount of exhaust gas (which can be considered inert) actually produces a dual effect: it delays combustion (and therefore lowers the temperature and maximum pressure in the cylinder) and reduces the amount of oxygen allowed to be The amount of NOx discharged is significantly reduced by the stoichiometry to be achieved.

In general, in order to regulate the amount of exhaust gas to be recirculated, it is known to provide a valve in the exhaust gas recirculation system, often electromechanical, a so-called EGR valve, which is modified by the exhaust gas. The section of the delivery of the circulation conduit adjusts the amount of recirculated exhaust gas. The actuation of the EGR valve is typically controlled by an engine electronic control unit that is based on a particular operational algorithm.

Due to the increasing strict anti-pollution legislation, there is a general demand to exhaust It is possible to increase the amount of exhaust gas that is recirculated by the exhaust gas recirculation system. This has in particular led to increased complexity of the engine and one of the exhaust gas recirculation systems.

For this purpose, one of the prior art first expedients to increase the quality of the recirculated exhaust gas includes the use of a gas water heat exchanger for the EGR branch between the hot leg (exhaust) and the cold leg (suction). In the above, it is suitable for cooling the exhaust gas before the amount of exhaust gas to be recirculated is supplied to the intake system of the engine.

A second expedient of the prior art to increase the quality of the recirculated exhaust gas typically includes providing, in addition to the heat exchanger described above, an electronically controlled throttle valve that can be placed in the exhaust system to adjust Back pressure to the exhaust of the engine or placed in the suction system to regulate the negative suction pressure of the engine.

However, the use of the above throttle valve has some disadvantages. First, the use of a throttle valve is subject to a higher cost and a more complex exhaust gas recirculation system in that it requires, for example, a dedicated HW resource (driver) within the control unit that is required to control it and a dedicated The SW module is used for actuation and diagnosis of the throttle actuator, including a "wrong response" countermeasure. In addition, failure of the valve may damage the correct amount of recycled gas required and thus result in non-compliance limits related to nitrogen oxide emissions or, in the worst case, cause the engine to stop. Since the throttle valve is an electromechanical actuator, it may actually suffer from electrical problems (wire separation, incorrect power supply voltage, problems on the position sensor, problems with the electric motor, etc.) and mechanical problems ( Worn, stuck, stuck, etc.).

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a suction for a diesel engine Incoming and exhaust gas recirculation systems are capable of overcoming or at least partially reducing the above disadvantages with respect to the prior art.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, it is an object of the present invention to provide an intake and exhaust gas recirculation system for a diesel engine that is simpler than prior art systems and that simultaneously imparts general performance to nitrogen oxides. Emissions and fuel consumption, fuel consumption is substantially unchanged or in any case comparable to the fuel consumption of the prior art systems described above.

Such an object is by way of an air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system for use in a diesel engine, as defined and characterized in the entirety of the appended claims, in its entirety and in its entirety. The scope of the patent application is in some specific embodiments.

The present invention is also directed to a diesel engine and a motor vehicle as defined in items 15 and 16 of the accompanying patent application.

The above described objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description of the appended claims.

1,2‧‧ Air Intake and Exhaust Recirculation System

1‧‧‧Inhalation system

2‧‧‧Exhaust gas recirculation system

3,4‧‧‧Inhalation catheter

3‧‧‧Inhalation fistula

4‧‧‧Inhalation line

5‧‧‧ cylinder

6‧‧‧Exhaust pipe

7‧‧‧Exhaust manifolds, exhaust ramps

8,9,10‧‧‧Recycling catheter

8‧‧‧ initial road

9‧‧‧ Middle Road

10‧‧‧ End Road

11‧‧‧ Output gate

12‧‧‧Flow regulators, valves, EGR valves

13‧‧‧Input gate

14‧‧‧ heat exchanger

15‧‧‧Blocking device, occluder

16‧‧‧Output section, section

17‧‧‧ Input section

18‧‧‧ catheter section

19‧‧‧ Input Department

20‧‧‧Output Department

30‧‧‧ engine

31‧‧‧ Components, parts, adapter tubes

32,33‧‧‧ Output section

34‧‧‧Parts, blocking element, hole plate

35‧‧‧ holes

36‧‧‧Inhalation valve

37‧‧‧Fixed section hole

38‧‧‧Additional cross-section holes

39‧‧‧End section

A1, B1, C1‧‧‧ arrows

1 is a plan view showing a partially schematic and high-level representation of an air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system according to a presently preferred embodiment, the system being shown coupled to a cylinder of a diesel engine and an exhaust gas. Figure 2 is a graphical representation showing the operation of one of the systems of the system of Figure 1, depending on some of the operational parameters of the engine; Figure 3 is a perspective view showing one of the presently preferred embodiments. a diesel engine in which the air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system of Fig. 1 is implemented; 4 is a perspective view showing an air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system according to a presently preferred embodiment, which is supplied to the diesel engine of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a perspective view, wherein 4 some elements of the system are shown and some elements are shown in cross section; and Fig. 6 is a front plan view of one of the elements in Fig. 4; and Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the elements in Fig. 6. .

In the drawings, the same or similar elements are designated by the same reference numerals.

1 is a partially schematic and high level representation of an air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system for a diesel engine in accordance with a presently preferred embodiment. Such a system has been indicated in Figure 1 by reference numerals 1, 2. The air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system 1, 2 includes an intake system 1 and an exhaust gas recirculation system 2 or an EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system 2. The inhalation system 1 includes a suction conduit 3, 4, and a suction conduit 3, 4 is provided to deliver air drawn from the atmosphere to at least one cylinder 5 of the diesel engine. The suction duct includes an intake manifold 3 and a suction line 4 connected to the suction manifold 3. In particular, the suction line 4 is positioned upstream of the suction manifold 3. The suction line 4 is partially shown in Fig. 1 because one of the diesel engines sucks in other components of the line, and the suction system of such a motor, for example, an air cleaner or a so-called "ventilator", That is, the connecting tube used to draw in air from a more obscured area is generally known to those skilled in the art. The exhaust gas recirculation system 2 is provided to introduce a portion of the exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe 6 of one of the above engines back to Inhaled into the conduits 3, 4. Exhaust pipe 6 is shown in part in Figure 1 because other elements of an exhaust pipe of a diesel engine are generally known to those skilled in the art. In particular, Fig. 1 shows only the exhaust manifold 7 of the exhaust pipe 6. The exhaust gas recirculation system 2 includes a recirculation conduit 8, 9, 10 which is provided with an output gate 11 for the portion of the exhaust gas to be recirculated. As shown in Figure 1, the output gate 11 is adapted to communicate with the suction conduit.

According to a preferred embodiment, the exhaust gas recirculation system 2 includes a flow regulating device 12 or valve 12 that is provided along the recirculation conduits 8, 9, 10 to adjust the above portion or amount of exhaust gas to It is introduced back into the suction ducts 3, 4. Preferably, the adjustment device 12 includes an EGR valve 12. According to a preferred embodiment, the recirculation conduits 8, 9, 10 are positioned between the exhaust manifold 7 and the suction manifold 3. As shown in Fig. 1, according to a preferred embodiment, the recirculation conduits 8, 9, 10 include an initial passage 8 which is installed to communicate with one of the input gates 13 for the exhaust gas to be recirculated. The exhaust manifold 7 and an intermediate passage 9 and an end passage 10 including the output gate 11 are provided. Between the passages 8 and 9, in a known manner, a heat exchanger 14 is preferably provided with the function of cooling the exhaust gas to be introduced back into the suction manifold 3. Valve 12 is positioned between the channels 9 and 10 of the recirculation conduit. According to a preferred embodiment, the valve 12 is coupled to a control unit (not shown), preferably a control unit of the diesel engine, which is provided to the control valve 12. In the example of Fig. 1, the control unit is adapted to control the movement of an occluder device 15 in order to adjust the opening/closing of the output section 16 of the recirculation conduit. In Fig. 1, valve 12 is shown in a fully enclosed valve configuration in which the flow of exhaust gas to be recirculated back to the suction conduit is absent. When the occluder 15 fully opens the section 16 (moves to the right in the example of Figure 1), the valve 12 assumes a fully open valve configuration in which the flow of exhaust gas to be recirculated back to the suction conduit is recirculated. It is the biggest. Referring to Figure 2, a graphical representation of one of the preferred embodiments of operation of valve 12 is shown depending on some operational parameters of the engine. In particular, the numbers from 0 to 100 that are indicated on the coordinates indicate the extent of the aperture of the valve 12 as a percentage. In particular, referring to Fig. 1, the extent of the aperture is understood to be the ratio of the area of the section 16 that is not blocked by the occluder 15 to the entire area of the section 16. In practice, please refer to Figure 2 again. The value 0 on the vertical axis corresponds to the fully closed valve configuration, and the value 100 on the coordinate corresponds to the fully open valve configuration. The numbers 600 to 4000, which are indicated on the abscissa of the graph in Fig. 2, show the number of revolutions of the crank expressed in revolutions per minute (revs/min). The numbers 0 to 24 shown on the abscissa of the graph shown in Fig. 2 are expressed in mm ³ for each stroke and for each cylinder of the engine (mm ³ / stroke / cylinder) to be injected into the cylinder The amount of fuel. From the graph in Fig. 2, it can be observed that according to a particularly preferred embodiment, the control unit is set or programmed to control the valve 12 in order to maintain the valve 12 in a fully open valve configuration or substantially fully open the valve configuration. Medium ("substantially fully opening the valve form" is understood to mean that a valve has a degree generally comprised between 80% and 100%, and more preferably between 90% and 100%, wherein The flow of exhaust gas is substantially maximum) in the range of one of the number of revolutions of the crankshaft included between approximately 600 revs/min and approximately 1100 revs/min and the number of fuels injected into the cylinder, It is 2mm ³ / stroke / cylinder with approximately 20mm ³ / stroke / cylinder. According to a more preferred embodiment, the control unit is set or programmed to control the valve 12 to be included in approximately 600 revs/min and approximately in order to maintain the valve 12 in a fully open valve configuration or a substantially fully open valve configuration. One of the number of revolutions of the crankshaft between 1500 revs/min and the number of fuels injected into the cylinder is included between 1 mm ³ / stroke / cylinder and approximately 24 mm ³ / stroke / cylinder .

Referring again to the graph in Figure 2, it can be observed that according to a particularly preferred embodiment, the control unit is set or programmed to control the valve 12 in order to maintain the valve 12 in a fully open valve configuration or to substantially fully open the valve. The form is included in one of the number of revolutions of the crankshaft comprised between about 600 revs/min and about 3600 revs/min and is included in the number of fuels injected into the cylinder, which is included in 3 mm ³ / Stroke/cylinder between approximately 6 mm ³ / stroke / cylinder. According to a more preferred embodiment, the control unit is programmed or programmed to control the valve 12 to maintain the valve 12 in a fully open valve configuration for a crankshaft comprised between about 600 revs/min and about 3600 revs/min. The range of one of the number of revolutions and the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder is included between 1 mm ³ / stroke / cylinder and approximately 12 mm ³ / stroke / cylinder.

The method of operating valve 12 as described above with respect to FIG. 2 is advantageously allowed to be reduced to a minimum value compared to the prior art system described above, wherein the valve does not remain fully open to the engine described above with respect to valve 12. Within the scope of operation, the valve 12 is caused by a transient effect of a large re-introduction of one of the recirculating gases and a transient effect of the inertia of the regulating system, which is thus greatly reduced.

Referring again to Figure 1, the suction manifold 3 includes an input section 17 (section A-A) to allow for input into the suction manifold from the air of the suction line 4. Furthermore, the suction ducts 3, 4 comprise a conduit section 18 located upstream or at most at the output gate 11 of the exhaust to be recirculated. Input section 17 has a first A fluid transport zone and conduit section 18 have a second fluid transport zone. Conveniently, the second fluid transport zone is a constant and reduced area compared to the first fluid transport zone. In other words, the value of the second fluid transport zone is less than the value of the first fluid transport zone. For such purposes, it is worth noting that the wording "invariant region" is understood to mean that a region has a predetermined geometry and size that is not above time and is particularly unrelated to being suitable for selectively modifying such region. Any device, for example, is not limited to a throttle valve. Moreover, it will be understood that the terms "upstream" and "downstream" as used to describe the elements of a catheter are understood to refer to the primary direction of the flow of fluid in the catheter. For example, referring to Fig. 1, the words "upstream" and "downstream" refer to the direction of the flow of the intake air indicated by the arrow A1 in the case of the suction ducts 3, 4, respectively, in the case of the exhaust pipe 7. The arrow B1 indicates the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas, and the direction of the flow of the exhaust gas to be recirculated indicated by the arrow C1 in the case of the recirculation ducts 8, 9, 10. More notably, in this description, the phrase "section" referred to as a conduit is a section that is normally used to indicate the penetration of one of the fluids, which is configured laterally and more particularly at right angles to The longitudinal axis of the catheter or the right direction of the flow of fluid in the conduit.

Referring again to Figure 1, it is noted that although the catheter section 18 is adjacent to the input section 17 of the inhalation fistula, such that the catheter section 18 can be located anywhere in the inhalation catheter. At the upstream of the output gate 11 of the exhaust gas being recirculated. For example, according to an embodiment, the conduit section 18 may be located in the suction line 4, located in a portion of the pipeline that is upstream of the representation in Figure 1. In such a case, the output gate 11 for the exhaust gas to be recirculated may also be positioned above the suction line 4, Rather than being located above the suction manifold 3, as long as the conduit section 18 is still upstream or at most, it is located at the output gate 11. Furthermore, the conduit section 18 can be located in the suction manifold 3, downstream of the input section 17 (but upstream of the output gate 11). In general, the catheter section 18 can also be located in an input section 17 that is precisely adjacent to the suction manifold.

Referring again to FIG. 1, a catheter section 18 is located at one of the input portions 19 of the suction manifold 3 or the output portion 20 of the suction line 4, in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The input portion 19 includes an input section 17. The output portion 20 is connected to, preferably in a detachable manner, the input portion 19. Further, the output unit 20 may be connected to the input unit 19 in a non-separable manner, for example, the welding input unit 19 and the output unit 20 may be connected to each other. The input portion 19 is generally a portion corresponding to the suction manifold that is included between the input section 17 and the output gate 11 of the exhaust gas to be recirculated. According to a preferred embodiment, the input portion 19 has a length that is measured along the axis of the suction catheter, which is included between a few millimeters and rarely more than 10 centimeters, for example, included in about 2-3 mm and approximately Between 14cm. The output unit 20 is one end portion of the suction line 4. According to a preferred embodiment, the output portion has a length that is measured along the axis of the suction catheter, which is comprised between 0 mm and about 400 mm, and is preferably comprised between 0 and 200 mm.

Referring to FIG. 3, such a diagram shows a diesel engine according to a preferred embodiment, which is indicated by reference numeral 30. The air intake and exhaust gas recirculation systems 1, 2 shown in Fig. 1 have been implemented in the engine 30. The engine 30 is preferably a suction diesel engine, and more preferably a suction diesel engine having a so-called "common rail" system. In this example, engine 30 is a dual cylinder engine. However, the teachings of the present invention can be clearly applied to have any number One of the cylinder engines. According to a preferred embodiment, engine 30 has an engine size of approximately 1000 cubic centimeters and a nominal power comprised between approximately 15 kW and 19.5 KW to equal the rotational speed of the crankshaft of 3600 revs/min. Preferably, the engine 30 is adapted to be mounted on a motor vehicle, for example, a light-duty vehicle having one of a maximum load of, for example, 1.5 tons, for example, a light-duty vehicle that is sold as one of the maximum loads of 1.5 tons One of the vehicles.

Referring again to Fig. 3, the exhaust manifold 7 of the exhaust gas recirculation conduit, lanes 8 and 9, the heat exchanger 14 is disposed therebetween, the regulating valve 12 and one of the components of the output portion 20 belonging to the suction line 4 31 can be observed.

Referring to Figure 4, the system 1, 2 of the engine 30 is partially displayed. In such a pattern, as well as the elements 7, 8, 9, 12, 14 and 31 described above, the suction manifold 3 is shown. In particular, Figure 4 shows two output sections 32, 33 of the suction manifold 3 that are provided to allow the entry of a mixture of air and a recirculated exhaust gas, each of which is located in a separate cylinder of the engine 30. Among them.

Figure 5 is a portion of the system 1, 2 shown in Figure 4, partially shown in cross section. In particular, Figure 5 shows the passage 10 of the manifold 3, the valve 12, and the recirculation conduit of the exhaust. Further, in Fig. 5, a portion 31, 34 of the suction duct 4 and a portion of the suction manifold 3 at the input section 17 are shown in cross section. In this example, portions 31, 34 are part of the output 20 of the suction line 4.

Referring again to FIG. 5, in accordance with a convenient embodiment, the suction conduit includes a blocking member 34 or a hole plate 34. The orifice plate 34 has a hole 35 which defines one of the suction conduits 3, 4 to be blocked. The hole 35 defines a second fluid transport zone of the conduit section 18. In practice, the hole plate 34 is provided to determine the predetermined pressure One of the drops is added to the suction duct (as compared to the case where the non-hole plate is present in the suction duct) in the general upstream of the output gate 11 for the exhaust to be recirculated in order to determine the schedule The increase in negative pressure in one of the suction conduits, and more preferably in the suction manifold 3, is suitable to increase the flow of the exhaust gas to be recirculated into the suction conduit. The above increase is then achieved, thus increasing the pressure between the output gate 11 and the input gate 13 of the recirculation conduits 8, 9, 10.

In Fig. 5, the catheter section 18 is conveniently disposed adjacent the input section 17 of the suction manifold. In general, the aperture plate 34 can be positioned such that the conduit section 18 is located at a distance from the output section 32 of the suction manifold (Figs. 1 and 4), which is preferably included at 110 mm and 540 mm. between. It can be observed that such a distance is measured along the axis of the suction catheter. Moreover, it is worth noting that the output section 32 is the output section of the suction manifold 3 associated with the cylinder of the engine 30 that is closest to the conduit section 18. It is worth noting that among such a range of distances from the conduit section 18 of the output section 32, it is convenient to find an optimal compromise to one of the exhaust gases (540 mm) with intake air and recirculation that is sufficiently homogeneous The mixture has a volume that is most desirable to ensure pressure wave damping, which is caused by the operating cycle of the engine between the conduit section 18 and the suction valve 36 (110 mm) (Fig. 1).

Referring again to FIG. 5, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the aperture plate 34 is joined, such as by soldering, to one end of the component 31. The member 31 is preferably an adapter tube 31, and an elastic hose (not shown) of the suction line is intended to be mounted to the adapter tube 31, for example, an elastic rubber hose, which is preferably An air cleaner connected to the engine 30. As shown in FIG. 5, the adapter tube 31 includes a fixed section track located upstream of the hole plate 34.

Figures 6 and 7 show a front view and a transverse cross-sectional view, respectively, of the hole plate 34. Referring to these figures, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the aperture 35 includes a fixed cross-sectional aperture 37 and an additional cross-sectional aperture 38 from upstream to downstream.

According to a preferred embodiment, the increased cross-sectional aperture 38 has one of the largest areas, the end section 39, and the percentage between the area of the largest area and the section of the fixed section of the aperture 37 is included in 125% and 130. %between.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fixed section opening 37 is a cylindrical track and the increased section opening 38 is a truncated cone. In this example, the cylindrical passage 37 has a nominal diameter of one of 31 mm, and the cross section of the largest area has a nominal diameter of one of 35 mm.

According to a preferred embodiment, the percentage between the area of the fixed section opening 37 and the area of the section of the fixed section of the adapter tube 31 is preferably comprised between 25% and 45%, and more It is preferably included between 30% and 35%. It can be observed that, in general, the aperture 35 described above preferably has a circular cross section. However, such cross-sections can generally be of any shape, for example, elliptical, at most square. Moreover, such a cross section may also be an asymmetrical or eccentric shaft about the suction conduit as long as the ratio between the above areas is preferably maintained.

On the basis of the description, it can be seen how air intake and the exhaust gas recirculation system according to the present invention solve the above disadvantages with respect to the prior art.

Since a section of the catheter is provided in the inhalation catheter, it is located Upstream of the input gate of the recirculated exhaust gas and having a fluid transport zone that is fixed and constant over time and is a fluid transport zone that is smaller than the input section of the suction manifold, which is in fact It is possible to do so without the need for a throttle valve in the suction conduit to obtain a simpler air intake and exhaust recirculation system than the prior art system having the above described throttle valve.

It will be apparent that modifications and/or variations may be made to the above description and description by way of example.

For example, it is worth noting that in an air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system according to one of the descriptions, it is not required to provide a hole plate 34. In particular, according to one embodiment not shown in the drawings, instead of the hole plate 34, a portion of the suction line having a fixed section may be provided, wherein the fixed section has a fluid transport zone that is smaller than the input section of the suction manifold. A small fluid transport area. In practice, referring to Fig. 1, the hole plate can be removed and the cross section of the output portion 20 can be lowered with respect to the input portion of the suction manifold 3. In such a case, the pressure distributed in the suction duct will decrease, rather than in a concentration as in the case of the hole plate.

According to an alternative embodiment, instead of the hole plate described above, a "Venturi tube" of the suction manifold can be used as long as the output gate 11 is a conduit section 18 positioned in the above Venturi tube. At the office.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in its preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and those skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

3‧‧‧Inhalation fistula

10‧‧‧ End Road

12‧‧‧Flow regulators, valves, EGR valves

17‧‧‧ Input section

18‧‧‧ catheter section

31‧‧‧ Components, parts, adapter tubes

34‧‧‧Parts, blocking element, hole plate

35‧‧‧ holes

Claims (15)

An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) for a diesel engine (30), comprising: a suction conduit (3, 4) that is provided to be transported from the atmosphere to the engine (30) At least one cylinder (5) of air, the suction conduit (3, 4) includes an intake manifold (3) and a suction line (4) connected to the suction manifold (3), the suction line (4) Is positioned upstream of the suction manifold (3); and an exhaust gas recirculation system (2) is provided to introduce a portion of the exhaust from the exhaust pipe (6) of the engine (30) Returning to the suction conduit (3, 4), the exhaust gas recirculation system (2) includes one of the exhaust gas recirculation conduits (8, 9, 10), which is mounted with an output gate (11) for exhaust This portion is adapted to be in communication with the suction conduit (3, 4); wherein the suction manifold (3) includes an input section (17) having a first fluid transport zone to allow input to The suction duct (3) of the air of the suction line (4), and wherein the suction duct (3, 4) includes a duct section (18) having a second fluid carrying area upstream of the line Or An output gate (11), wherein the second fluid transport zone is a constant and reduced region compared to the first fluid transport zone; the air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) Characterized in that the suction duct (3, 4) comprises a hole plate (34) having a hole (35) defining one of the chokes of the suction duct (3, 4), the hole ( 35) defines the second fluid transport zone. Air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system as described in claim 1 (1, 2), wherein the diesel engine (30) is an aspirating diesel engine (30). An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to claim 1, wherein the suction manifold (3) comprises an input portion (19) having the input section (17), and Wherein the suction line (4) comprises an output portion (20) connected to the input portion (19) of the suction manifold (3), the conduit section (18) being located at the suction manifold (3) The input portion (19) or the output portion (20) of the suction line (4). The air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) of claim 3, wherein the conduit section (18) is substantially adjacent or precisely adjacent to the suction manifold (3) Enter the section (17). An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to the above aspect of the invention, wherein the suction manifold (3) includes an output section (32) provided to allow air and recirculation One of the exhaust gases is fed into the cylinder (5), and wherein the conduit section (18) is located at a distance from the output section (32) of the suction manifold, which is included in the 110 mm Between 540mm. An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to claim 1, wherein the hole (35) includes a fixed section (37) of a hole from upstream to downstream and an increase in a hole Sectional path (38). An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to claim 6, wherein the increased cross section of the hole (38) has one of the largest areas of the end section (39), and wherein The percentage of the largest area to the area of one of the sections of the fixed section of the hole (37) is comprised between 125% and 130%. The air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to claim 6, wherein the fixed section (37) of the hole is a cylindrical path and an increased cross section of the hole ( 38) is a truncated cone. An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to claim 3, wherein the output portion (20) of the suction line (3, 4) comprises a fixed section road located in the hole plate Upstream of (34), and wherein the percentage of the area of the fixed section (37) of the hole (35) to the area of the section of the fixed section of the output (20) is included in 25% Between 45%. The air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) of claim 9, wherein the output portion (20) includes an adapter tube (31), and wherein the hole plate (34) ) is attached to one end of the adapter tube (31). An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to the aforementioned claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas recirculation system (2) includes an adjustment device (12) along which the recirculation conduit (8, 9, 10) is supplied to regulate the flow of that portion of the exhaust gas to be introduced back into the suction conduit (3, 4). The air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to claim 11, wherein the adjusting device (12) is a regulating valve (12), and wherein the air is sucked in and exhausted The recirculation system (1, 2) includes a control unit coupled to the regulating valve (12) for controlling the valve, the regulating valve (12) being adapted to assume a fully open valve configuration or a substantially fully open valve configuration, wherein The flow of exhaust gas to be recirculated is introduced back into the suction conduit to a maximum or substantially maximum, and the control unit is set or programmed to control the regulator valve (12) in order to maintain such a valve ( 12) in the fully open valve configuration or substantially fully open valve configuration, in a range of revolutions of the crankshaft included between approximately 600 revs/min and approximately 1500 revs/min and to be injected into the cylinder One of the quantities of fuel is included between 1 mm ³ / stroke / cylinder and approximately 24 mm ³ / stroke / cylinder. An air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to item 1 of the aforementioned patent application, wherein the suction duct (3, 4) does not include a throttle valve. A diesel engine (30) comprising an air intake and exhaust gas recirculation system (1, 2) according to any of the preceding claims. A motor vehicle comprising a diesel engine (30) as defined in item 14 of the scope of the patent application.