TWI548236B - Network apparatus with inserted management mechanism, system, and method for management and surveillance - Google Patents

Description

Network device, system and management and monitoring method with built-in management mechanism

The invention relates to a network device, system and management and monitoring method with a built-in management mechanism, in particular, a placement management mechanism in a network device that does not originally provide management and monitoring functions, and related systems and management Monitoring method.

In a network system, especially an industrial-grade network system, a monitoring mechanism is provided, which utilizes a monitoring host to obtain information about the operation of each network node in a specific communication protocol, and the network node can be a general network router and exchange. Network devices such as devices, or computer systems in specific plant areas and various industrial devices. If the network node carries the monitoring function, the monitoring host will be able to obtain the operation status of such nodes through the network, for example, through various sensors. Information such as the ambient temperature of the plant operation, whether the gas leaks, and whether the instrument is operating normally, so that it can be handled in time when the operation is abnormal, so as to prevent the situation from expanding.

If the network system still has a network node that does not have the above monitoring function, that is, the monitoring host cannot know the operation status of the node at a remote location, when an emergency occurs, it can only be judged by the status of the related device. Whether the node is abnormal or needs to be sent to the processing.

In the prior art, there is an agreement between the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) to collect data (such as Modbus) obtains information about each node device in the network. Under this supervisory control and data acquisition system, a monitoring system for collecting data can be provided. Each node can feedback the information of the operation of each device of the monitoring system in a manner consistent with a specific agreement, so that supervision The control and data capture system monitors the overall performance of the entire network system.

Another network-management system (NMS), which is commonly used to monitor the operation of network systems, has a network management system in the network, which uses a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) monitoring network. In the various node devices in the domain, if the node device carries a management mechanism conforming to the network management protocol such as SNMP, the network management system can smoothly obtain the operation information of such node devices.

However, when there are still some node devices in the network system that do not carry the relevant monitoring mechanism circuits, the monitoring terminal will not be able to obtain the information of such node devices, nor can it achieve the purpose of monitoring the entire network system.

In order to solve the problem that a network segment has an unmanaged network device and cannot perform monitoring effectively, the present invention provides a network device, a system and a related monitoring technology with a built-in management mechanism, one of the main purposes of which is to provide a non- An embedded management or monitoring mechanism external to one of the managed network devices enables the management host or monitoring host on the network to smoothly access or obtain information of the original unmanaged network device.

According to an embodiment, a network device with a built-in management mechanism is proposed. The network device is originally an unmanaged network device. The network device includes at least one micro control module and provides an output for connecting to a network. An interface module, a network module for processing a network packet of a specific communication protocol, a memory module, and a power management module.

The technical feature is that the network device is connected to a built-in management unit, which is a hardware or software implemented module, and is connected to a related circuit of the original network device. The built-in management unit includes a storage management and monitoring. The program-in-place program module and a built-in data processing module for processing management and monitoring data.

The embedded program module has a program loading module and a software driver module. When the program loading module receives the preparation for starting one or more program modules, the calling software driver module starts according to requirements. One or more program modules.

In one embodiment, the program module includes a management module for providing remote management services of one of the unmanaged network devices, such that the unmanaged network device has remote management functions. The program module includes a monitoring module that can be used to provide a built-in monitoring function of the unmanaged network device, and the monitoring module includes at least one monitoring agreement module to support at least one monitoring protocol.

The disclosure of the present invention further provides a network system with a built-in management mechanism, including a management host, a monitoring host, and at least one network device with a built-in management mechanism as described above. The roads are connected to each other. The management host carries a management program, provides a management interface to manage the network device, and the monitoring host carries a monitoring program to comply with an agreement between the supervisory control and the data acquisition system to collect data, and/or a simple network management protocol to obtain the network. Information on the operation of the road device.

According to a method embodiment, at the beginning of the step, a network system including at least one network device having a built-in management mechanism is activated, and then a management module or/and a network device having a built-in management mechanism is loaded. The monitoring module, after receiving the message actively broadcast by the host, responds by the network device.

The management host will obtain management identification information from the network devices having the built-in management mechanism through the network, so that the management host recognizes the network devices, and initiates a management mode after the connection is completed. Then, when the network device loads a placement monitoring protocol module, the monitoring host performs monitoring according to the management identification information.

In order to further understand the technology, method and effect of the present invention in order to achieve the intended purpose, reference should be made to the detailed description and drawings of the present invention. The drawings and the annexed drawings are intended to be illustrative and not to limit the invention.

10‧‧‧Supervisory Control and Data Capture System

101, 102, 103, 104, 105‧‧‧ node devices

20‧‧‧Network Management System

201‧‧‧ router

202, 203, 204‧‧‧ network switches

30‧‧‧Network

301‧‧‧Management host

311‧‧‧Management Program

31,32,33‧‧‧Network nodes

302‧‧‧Monitoring host

312‧‧‧Monitor

40‧‧‧Network devices

4‧‧‧Network

401‧‧‧Micro Control Module

402‧‧‧Import interface module

403‧‧‧Network Module

404‧‧‧Memory Module

405‧‧‧Power Management Module

42‧‧‧Placement Management Unit

422‧‧‧Placed Program Module

421‧‧‧Placed Data Processing Module

501‧‧‧Program loading module

502‧‧‧Software drive module

503‧‧‧Management module

504‧‧‧Monitor module

505‧‧‧First Monitoring Agreement Module

506‧‧‧Second Monitoring Agreement Module

507‧‧‧ Third Monitoring Agreement Module

Step S601~S611‧‧‧One of the management and monitoring processes

Step S701~S707‧‧‧Management and Monitoring Process 2

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a supervisory control and data capture system; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a network management system; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a related system architecture of a network device with a built-in management mechanism according to the present invention; 4 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a network device having a built-in management mechanism according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing an embodiment of a built-in type program module of a network device having a built-in management mechanism according to the present invention; 6 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the management and monitoring method of the present invention; and FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the management and monitoring method of the present invention.

To obtain information about the operation of each node device in a network system, a supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) can be used. The system can be operated in an Ethernet network or a specific network system, and can be located at the uppermost layer of the network system. a node, wherein the monitoring program is executed, and the data of each node device in a domain can be collected through the network system, that is, each node device carries an agreement (such as Modbus) conforming to the data collected by the supervisory control and data acquisition system (such as Modbus). The program module can transmit data to the relevant host of the supervisory control and data capture system once executed.

In this supervisory control and data acquisition system, a monitoring system for collecting data, such as a remote terminal unit (RTU) that can access various sensors and capture information, and a system for capturing the data can be provided. Programmable logic controller (PLC). The control in the supervisory control and data acquisition system can be carried out by the above RTU or PLC. The main system is generally controlled as the system monitoring level. The PLC or RTU will feedback the information of the operation of the supervisory control and data acquisition system, supervising the control and data. The system can monitor the entire system and complete the functions scheduled by the system.

Each node device is, for example, a network connection device on a network, or various computer systems, instruments and devices running on a specific occasion, and supervising the operation information of the node device obtained by the data acquisition system, such as the device. The address, operating temperature, switch control, specific gas concentration, etc., so the supervisory control and data acquisition system can grasp the operation information of all relevant devices of the whole system, that is, the abnormal node device and position can be judged according to the operation information.

The above-mentioned architecture using the supervisory control and data capture system as the information for collecting the node devices in the network system can be referred to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in which a supervisory control and data capture system 10 is shown, which is connected to a system. Node devices (101, 102, 103, 104, 105), wherein node 105 is a terminal device. If the node device carries the management mechanism of the connectable supervisory control and data capture system 10, that is, the node device with the management mechanism can retrieve the data through subsystems such as the above-mentioned RTU, PLC, etc., that is, the monitoring operation can be performed. The information is transmitted to the supervisory control and data capture system 10.

When a node device (e.g., 102, 103, 104) does not carry a management mechanism that is connected to the supervisory control and data capture system 10, that is, the supervisory control and data capture system 10 cannot obtain such a node device (e.g., 102). , 103, 104), the method proposed by the present invention can be used to place a monitoring mechanism in such a node device to form a network device with a built-in monitoring mechanism, so that the supervisory control and data 撷The fetching system 10 can obtain information of such node devices (e.g., 102, 103, 104) via the network.

Another network management system (NMS), which is commonly used to monitor the operation of a network system, is a schematic diagram of the network architecture of the network management system shown in FIG.

A network management system 20 is provided in the network, wherein a simple network management protocol (SNMP) is used to monitor various node devices in the network domain, such as router 201 on the network, network switches 202, 203, 204, and computer devices of the terminal. . If the node device carries a management mechanism that complies with the network management protocol such as SNMP, such as carrying a management process The network management system 20 can smoothly obtain the operation information of such node devices.

When a node device does not carry the relevant management mechanism, the network management system 20 will not be able to obtain the monitoring information of such a node device, and thus the method proposed by the present invention can be used to place a monitoring mechanism in such a node device to form a monitoring mechanism. A network device with a built-in monitoring mechanism enables the network management system 20 to obtain information of such node devices via a network.

A network device, a management method, and a monitoring method with a built-in management mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, one of the main purposes of which is to place in an unmanaged network device that does not generally have a monitoring or management mechanism. A hardware, software, or firmware module that can perform remote management and monitoring, for example, can provide a circuit module with management and monitoring functions, or a software module, for example, in an original unmanaged network device. Place a new circuit combination, including the associated signal processing chipset, firmware, or software installation.

The network system with the built-in management mechanism of the present invention provides a management means and a monitoring means, and includes at least one network device having a built-in management mechanism, and implements, for example, the built-in management mechanism of the present invention shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of the relevant system architecture of the network device. This example is shown as a network system with a built-in management mechanism. The main embodiment is to implement the management method of the system by the independent management host 301, and then the monitoring means is implemented by the independent monitoring host 302. The system includes at least one device. The network device (31, 32, 33) of the incoming management mechanism connects the management host 301 and the monitoring host 302 with the network 30.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the network device with the built-in management mechanism and the related system are mainly applied to a network system providing multi-end connection and monitoring functions, as shown in the figure, there is a network 30, and one end can be connected to the management host. 301, wherein a management program 311 is provided, which provides a management interface (such as a web interface, a graphical user interface, Telnet, etc.) initiated by the system administrator to manage each device, such as when applied to the system of the present invention. Network nodes 31, 32, 33 with built-in management mechanisms also initiate a corresponding management mechanism to enable active or passive management and management. The management program 311 on the host 301 side is connected. In an embodiment, when the network nodes 31, 32, 33 are activated, the management host 301 scans the information on the network 30 by broadcasting, thereby obtaining management identification information of each network node 31, 32, 33. The network address (such as IP) of each network node 31, 32, 33 is further set.

The monitoring host 302 can be provided at one end of the system, and the monitoring program 312 can be provided. The monitoring program 312 obtains the management mechanism of each end device through the network 30 actively or passively according to the network address of each node set by the monitoring host 302. The operational information of the network nodes 31, 32, 33, obtained from the above-mentioned agreement to comply with the data collected by the supervisory control and data acquisition system (such as Modbus), or a simple network management protocol (SNMP) monitoring network Various node devices in the domain.

It is worth mentioning that, in general, the management host 301 and the monitoring host 302 of one network system are two mutually non-interfering systems, respectively performing individual original operations, and the setting contents are also independent and irrelevant. However, the present invention does not exclude that the network address of each network node 31, 32, 33 according to the monitoring host 302 can be obtained by the management host 301.

According to still another embodiment, the management method provided by the network system with the built-in management mechanism can be loaded into a computer system or even a software or firmware module in a specific node on the network, in addition to the management host implementation. Group, according to which the functions of each network node are managed; similarly, the monitoring means provided by the system can also be loaded into a specific computer system on the original network, or even a software or firmware module in a specific network node, and This performs monitoring functions.

The node of each terminal may include a device having a management and monitoring mechanism, and may also be an unmanaged network device targeted by the solution provided by the present invention. If a problem occurs in such an unmanaged network device, the monitoring terminal may It does not get information, it can only be judged by the information of the devices near the node, and even the manual check line is needed to determine the problem. Therefore, the present invention utilizes the technology of placing the management mechanism so that such devices can be managed and monitored. The functions, devices are as shown in the network nodes 31, 32, 33 with built-in management mechanisms.

For an embodiment of the network device with the built-in management mechanism, reference may be made to the circuit block diagram shown in FIG. 4. The network device 40 shown in the figure except the circuit components in the original device, such as the micro control module 401, the input and output. The interface module 402, the network module 403, the memory module 404, and the power management module 405 further include a built-in management unit 42, wherein the main component is a built-in program module 422 for storing management and monitoring programs. And an embedded data processing module 421 that processes related management and monitoring data.

According to an embodiment, the placement management unit 42 may be implemented by a software or firmware scheme implemented in the device, or may be implemented by inserting a related circuit module.

In this example, the network device 40 is provided with a micro-control module 401 for processing the functions of the internal device, such as a router, a switch or a special-purpose device on the network; it has an input-output interface module 402, and a micro-control The module 401 is electrically connected to provide an input/output interface for connecting to the network 4. If the network device is a router or a network switch, the input/output interface module 402 can further provide connection to other network devices; The circuit module 403 is electrically connected to the micro control module 401, and is a related firmware or hardware module for processing network packets according to a specific network architecture and a communication protocol.

In a general case, the network device 40 has a memory module 404 electrically connected to the micro control module 401. The memory module 404 is represented as a main memory of the network device 40 and an internal storage device, and can store the device. The necessary operating system programs, tools, and the like are more capable of loading the relevant code when the built-in management mechanism is executed; the network device 40 is further connected to the power management module 405 of the micro control module 401 for management. The power of the network device 40 is supplied, as well as the required power to distribute the various circuit modules therein, so that various power saving measures within the network device 40 can be managed.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the network device 40 that does not have a management or monitoring mechanism, the remote management is provided by placing the embedded management unit 42 implemented by a software, firmware or hardware. And the function of monitoring, the main components of the built-in management unit 42 are a built-in type program module 422 for storing management and monitoring programs, and a built-in data processing module 421 for processing related data.

One of the implementation manners of the above-described placement management unit 42 may be installed on a network device. The software module in 40; in another solution, it may also be a circuit module electrically connected to the circuit in the original device, such as a chipset solution, a chipset and a circuit in the original device (micro control module 401) The electrical connection, for example, in the actual circuit design, the embedded data processing module 421 is electrically connected to the micro control module 401 in the network device 40.

According to another embodiment, the built-in management unit 42 can adopt a design of an integrated circuit, wherein the embedded data processing module 421 can be a circuit module integrated with the micro control module 401 of the network device 40. For example, the system can employ a system on chip (SoC) architecture to integrate the micro control module in the original device with the processing circuit in the built-in management unit 42 into a single chip circuit.

FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram showing an embodiment of a built-in type program module of a network device with a built-in management mechanism according to the present invention.

In this embodiment of the built-in management unit 42, there is a built-in program module 422, such as a memory circuit, which contains program instructions or code for managing or monitoring requirements, which will be related after initiation. The program is loaded into the placement type data processing module 421 in the placement type management unit 42.

According to an embodiment, the embedded program module 422 is provided with a program loading module 501 and a software driver module 502. The program loading module 501 will call when receiving one or more program modules. The internal software driver module 502 can start one or more program modules according to requirements. The program module includes a management module 503, and the software driver module 502 starts the management module 503 to provide a remote management service of the unmanaged network device, so that the device has the function of remote management.

After the management service is started, as shown in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the management program (311) of the management host (301) can exchange messages, including providing the administrator with remote management by using the management interface of the management host (301). According to one embodiment, the management module 503 on the network device side provides remote setting and access services, and the management host (301) is provided with a remote management tool program, which can access and manage each through the network. End network device. As in the above embodiment, when the network device is started, the host terminal can be widely used. Broadcast or a specific delivery method to obtain information about the network device and log in accordingly.

Moreover, the management host (301) contained in the embodiment can also actively scan the network nodes in the relevant network segment. For example, after executing the remote management tool program in the host, the broadcast packet is scanned to support the same network segment. A network device with a built-in management mechanism for management mechanisms. According to another embodiment, the host capable of carrying the remote management tool can be loaded on other management hosts in the network segment in addition to the specific management host (301) in the network segment, that is, the management is originally carried. Or devices that monitor mechanisms, such as gateways, routers, or network switches that serve on the network. These devices can also act as management hosts within a network segment to manage other unmanaged network devices.

If the demand is to provide a monitoring function, when the system is started, each device built-in programming module 422 starts the monitoring module 504 via the software driving module 502, and then loads the program command or program code by the program loading module 501. The built-in data processing module 421.

The program module further includes a monitoring module 504 for providing a built-in monitoring function of the unmanaged network device. The monitoring module 504 supports at least one monitoring protocol, and includes at least one monitoring protocol module as shown. Group, this is a specific hardware circuit or software module, and has a scalable function. When setting a specific monitoring function to the network device, the monitoring module 504 can selectively place various monitoring protocols according to requirements, such as the above-mentioned supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) and/or the network management system (NMS). Supported monitoring agreements, but the actual operation is not limited to the monitoring mechanisms described here. According to an embodiment, the system proposed by the present invention can simultaneously support monitoring protocols supported by the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) and the Network Management System (NMS), and each network device in the system can simultaneously initiate the above two types of monitoring. agreement.

Therefore, the system may first load the first monitoring agreement module 505, the second monitoring agreement module 506 and the third monitoring agreement module 507 as shown in the figure, and the number of the protocol modules is not used to limit the invention. Implementation. When the monitoring module 504 accepts an instruction to initiate a specific monitoring agreement, the first monitoring agreement module 505 and the second monitoring are activated according to requirements. One of the agreement module 506 and the third monitoring agreement module 507, or both monitoring protocols are activated at the same time to cope with different monitoring requirements. The present invention does not exclude the possibility that these monitoring protocols have the ability to expand other modules.

Accordingly, in the built-in management unit, after the input data processing module 421 receives the request from the network device, the program loading module 501 is enabled by a software or firmware such as the software driver module 502. The management or monitoring mechanism within the start-up program module 422.

Figure 6 next shows a flow chart depicting an embodiment of the management and monitoring method of the present invention.

Starting, as in step S601, starting a system including a network device having a built-in management mechanism, the system will initiate a management and monitoring mechanism. In step S603, each device is loaded in addition to the original device function. The related placement management module or/and the monitoring module in the placement management unit.

When the device is booted up, that is, in a state of connected network, the management host or the management module contained in the specific system will actively obtain the network devices from the network information (such as broadcast messages). Management identification information, such as step S605, management identification information such as the host serial number, host name, network address (IP), media access control address (MAC), and the like of the device. According to the management identification information, the management host can identify the device to be managed, and after the end device starts the management module in step S607, the management host can be configured according to the connection (such as setting the management host address, connection agreement, security). The verification and other information) connects the network devices at each end, and according to step S609, after the system completes the connection, the steps of starting the management mode are also completed.

At the same time or before and after the start of the management mode, the system can initiate a monitoring agreement according to the requirements. For example, in step S611, the monitoring host in the system or the monitoring module carried in the specific system can identify the information according to the obtained management, mainly by management. These management identification information is set to perform monitoring for unmanaged network devices, and the present invention provides a solution for placement management and placement monitoring. Since network devices can install different monitoring protocols, they can respond to specific monitoring according to system requirements. Control requirements for control agreements.

Embodiments may continue to refer to the flowchart of an embodiment of the management and monitoring method of the present invention shown in FIG.

Beginning with step S701, the network devices in the system are started, and the network device starts the internal monitoring mechanism. At this time, the built-in program module can provide various monitoring protocols, and can respond to the monitoring according to the monitoring purpose of the system. Claim. Then, in step S703, each network device loads one or more built-in monitoring agreement modules, and provides monitoring information related to the monitoring host according to different monitoring protocols, and the monitoring host or monitoring module executes according to the monitoring agreement provided by the system. monitor.

For example, a network system with a built-in management mechanism may include a plant system that performs a supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) monitoring agreement. In step S705, the network device may respond to the plant system system accordingly. Required monitoring messages. The system may further comprise an information system, which can perform a monitoring protocol of a network management system (NMS). In step S707, the network device can respond to the network management related monitoring information required by the information system. The order of steps S705 and S707 described above is not intended to limit the requirements of the embodiments of the present invention.

The invention provides a technology for placing a monitoring mechanism for an unmanaged network device, and also provides a flexibility for the related device, that is, the corresponding monitoring protocol can be executed according to the network environment, so that the monitoring host on the network can smoothly Monitor devices that do not have a management or monitoring mechanism.

In summary, in order to provide a built-in management and monitoring mechanism for an unmanaged device on the network, the present invention proposes a network device with a built-in management mechanism, a network system with a built-in management mechanism, and related The management and monitoring methods are mainly built into the management and monitoring modules of the unmanaged devices by hardware or software. These modules can be circuit modules or software-implemented modules. When the system is started, the network or monitoring host can perform management or monitoring procedures according to the agreement supporting a specific management or monitoring mechanism, so that the host that is managed and monitored in the system can directly obtain such a device that does not have a management or monitoring mechanism. Information.

However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent structural changes that are made by using the specification and the contents of the present invention are equally included in the present invention. Within the scope, it is combined with Chen Ming.

4‧‧‧Network

40‧‧‧Network devices

401‧‧‧Micro Control Module

402‧‧‧Import interface module

403‧‧‧Network Module

404‧‧‧Memory Module

405‧‧‧Power Management Module

42‧‧‧Placement Management Unit

421‧‧‧Placed Data Processing Module

422‧‧‧Placed Program Module

Claims (8)

A network device with a built-in management mechanism, wherein the network device is an unmanaged network device, the network device includes at least one micro control module, and an input and output interface module for connecting to a network a network module for processing a network packet of a specific communication protocol, a memory module, and a power management module, wherein the network device further comprises: a built-in management unit, including a storage management and a built-in program module of the monitoring program, and an embedded data processing module for processing management and monitoring data; wherein the embedded program module has a program loading module and a software driver module When the program loading module receives a preliminary start of a management module and a monitoring module, the program driver module calls the software driver module to start the management module and the monitoring module according to requirements; wherein, the management module uses Providing a remote management service of the unmanaged network device for a management host to obtain a management identification information provided by the unmanaged network device connection network and identify the unmanaged network through the network The monitoring module is configured to selectively load a monitoring protocol provided by at least one of the built-in monitoring protocol modules for monitoring the host according to the remote management function. The management identifies the information and performs monitoring of the monitoring agreement provided by the unmanaged network device. The network device with a built-in management mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the embedded management unit is a chip set electrically connected to an internal circuit of the network device, wherein the embedded data processing module The micro control module in the network device is electrically connected. The network device with a built-in management mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the built-in management unit is a software module installed in the network device. The network device with a built-in management mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the embedded data processing module in the embedded management unit is integrated with the micro control module of the network device. Circuit module. The network device with the built-in management mechanism described in claim 1, wherein the monitoring protocol supported by the monitoring module is a monitoring control and data acquisition system (SCADA) or a network management system (NMS) support monitoring agreement. A network system with a built-in management mechanism, wherein: a management means, a monitoring means, and at least one network device having a built-in management mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one network device a network connection device for performing the management means and the monitoring means; wherein: the management means provides a management program for starting a management interface to manage the at least one network device having a built-in management mechanism; and The monitoring means provides a monitoring program to comply with an agreement between the supervisory control and the data collection system to collect data, or a simple network management agreement to obtain information on the operation of the at least one network device having the built-in management mechanism. A management and monitoring method for use in a network system having a built-in management mechanism as claimed in claim 6, the method comprising: initiating the embedded type of a network device including at least one built-in management mechanism a network system of the management mechanism; the management module or the monitoring module in the embedded program module in the network device of the at least one built-in management mechanism; obtaining each built-in management The management identification information of the network device of the mechanism is used to identify each network device having a built-in management mechanism; and the monitoring protocol is executed according to the management identification information of the obtained network devices having the built-in management mechanism . The management and monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein the network system with the built-in management mechanism includes a factory system, and performs a supervisory control and data capture system. (SCADA) monitoring agreement; and an information system to implement a network management system (NMS) monitoring agreement.