TWI546510B - Heat exchange system - Google Patents
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- TWI546510B TWI546510B TW100122113A TW100122113A TWI546510B TW I546510 B TWI546510 B TW I546510B TW 100122113 A TW100122113 A TW 100122113A TW 100122113 A TW100122113 A TW 100122113A TW I546510 B TWI546510 B TW I546510B
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本發明係有關一種從水中回收熱及/或對水中排出熱而利用於包含空調、熱水供給在內的熱負載之熱交換技術。The present invention relates to a heat exchange technique for recovering heat from water and/or discharging heat to water for use in a heat load including an air conditioner and a hot water supply.
日本國內,地中的溫度一整年大約是15℃左右,日本國內的冬季氣溫是遠低於15℃的低溫,而夏季氣溫則是遠高於15℃的高溫。In Japan, the temperature in the ground is about 15 °C throughout the year. The winter temperature in Japan is much lower than 15 °C, while the summer temperature is much higher than 15 °C.
由此,想到將這樣的溫度差有效地利用於例如包含空調、熱水供給在內的熱負載。Therefore, it is considered that such a temperature difference is effectively utilized for, for example, a heat load including an air conditioner and a hot water supply.
為此,發明者針對回收地熱並加以利用的技術一再地研究。To this end, the inventors have repeatedly studied techniques for recovering geothermal heat and utilizing them.
在習知技術中,地熱的回收(或朝地中排熱)係使埋設在地中的配管中流通公知的液相熱媒(鹵水;brine),以該液相熱媒和地熱進行熱交換(所謂的「顯熱-顯熱熱交換」)。In the prior art, the recovery of geothermal heat (or heat removal into the ground) is to circulate a well-known liquid phase heat medium (brine) in a pipe buried in the ground, and exchange heat with the liquid phase heat medium and geothermal heat. (The so-called "sensible heat - sensible heat exchange").
然而為確保熱媒與地熱進行熱交換所需的面積,會造成供冷媒流通的配管直徑變大。However, in order to secure the area required for heat exchange between the heat medium and the geothermal heat, the diameter of the piping through which the refrigerant flows can be increased.
又,為了回收例如空調機器可適切地作動之程度的熱量,必需將非常長的配管埋設到地中較深的區域。Further, in order to recover heat such as an air conditioner that can be appropriately operated, it is necessary to embed a very long pipe in a deep region of the ground.
而且,為了將大徑的配管埋設到地中較深的區域,存在有所謂需要很大成本的問題。Further, in order to embed a pipe having a large diameter in a deep region in the ground, there is a problem that a large cost is required.
在其他的習知技術方面,例如亦提案一種利用地下水作為熱媒體並在地下蓄熱的技術(參照專利文獻1)。In other conventional technologies, for example, a technique in which groundwater is used as a heat medium and heat is stored in the ground is also proposed (see Patent Document 1).
然而,在這樣的習知技術(專利文獻1)中,有必要掘設豎坑井,且蓄熱量一變多就需增加豎坑的深度,因而無法解決上述問題點。 However, in such a conventional technique (Patent Document 1), it is necessary to dig a vertical well, and it is necessary to increase the depth of the vertical pit when the amount of stored heat is increased, and thus the above problem cannot be solved.
[專利文獻] [Patent Literature]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2010-38507號公報 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-38507
本發明係有鑒於上述習知技術的問題點而提案者,目的在於提案一種熱交換效率高,且能節省施工所需的勞力、成本的熱交換系統。 The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the above-described conventional techniques, and aims to propose a heat exchange system which has high heat exchange efficiency and can save labor and cost required for construction.
發明者經各種研究結果發現,在使用二氧化碳(CO2)作為熱媒(或冷媒)時,比起利用地熱,以在暖房運轉時從水中將熱回收至熱媒,而在冷房運轉時將熱媒的熱排出至水中者較能提升熱交換效率。此外,發現屬熱媒(或冷媒)的二氧化碳(CO2)的溫度是5℃~40℃時,熱交換效率變得極高。 The inventors have found through various studies that when carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is used as the heat medium (or refrigerant), heat is recovered from the water to the heat medium during operation of the greenhouse, and heat is used when the cold room is operated. The heat of the medium discharged to the water can improve the heat exchange efficiency. Further, when the temperature of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) which is a heat medium (or a refrigerant) is 5 to 40 ° C, the heat exchange efficiency becomes extremely high.
本發明係基於這樣的知識見解而提案者。 The present invention is based on such knowledge and is proposed by the proponent.
依據本發明的熱交換系統,具備:蓄水設備(150、GH);及配管系(La),浸泡在該蓄水設備(150、GH)的水中且具有和該蓄水設備(150、GH)中的水進行熱交換的機能,且具備:具有室外機(1)、室內機(2)、空調負載(3)、空壓機(4)及四通閥(V4)的壓縮式空調機,前述配管系(La)連接於前述室外機(1),其中在前述配管系(La)的內部流通的熱媒為二氧化碳,利用前述二氧化碳的氣化熱或凝結熱與前述蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱交換,為了利用前述二氧化碳的氣化熱或凝結熱與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱 交換,建構成在前述配管系(La)中的露出於蓄水設備(150、GH)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度被設定成5℃~40℃,前述配管系(La)係為由雙層管(9)構成,其內管(91)流通液相的二氧化碳,其外管(92)流通氣相的二氧化碳之構成,前述內管(91)與外管(92)經由泵(5)而連接,前述泵(5)的吐出口(5o)側設有第1開閉閥(V1)、前述泵(5)的吸入口(5i)側設有第2開閉閥(V2)、在前述第1及第2開閉閥(V1、V2)的室外機(1)側設有支流管線(La5)。 The heat exchange system according to the present invention includes: a water storage device (150, GH); and a piping system (La), which is immersed in the water of the water storage device (150, GH) and has the water storage device (150, GH) The water in the water exchange function, and includes: a compression type air conditioner having an outdoor unit (1), an indoor unit (2), an air conditioning load (3), an air compressor (4), and a four-way valve (V4) The piping system (La) is connected to the outdoor unit (1), wherein the heat medium flowing inside the piping system (La) is carbon dioxide, and the heat storage or condensation heat of the carbon dioxide is used to form the water storage device (150). Heat exchange in the water in GH), in order to utilize the heat of vaporization or condensation heat of the aforementioned carbon dioxide to heat the water in the water storage device (150, GH) In exchange, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the region of the piping system (La) exposed to the water storage device (150, GH) is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C, and the piping system (La) is composed of two layers. The tube (9) is configured such that the inner tube (91) flows carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, the outer tube (92) flows through the carbon dioxide in the gas phase, and the inner tube (91) and the outer tube (92) pass through the pump (5). The first opening/closing valve (V1) is provided on the discharge port (5o) side of the pump (5), and the second opening/closing valve (V2) is provided on the suction port (5i) side of the pump (5). A branch line (La5) is provided on the outdoor unit (1) side of the second on-off valve (V1, V2).
依據本發明的熱交換系統,具備:蓄水設備(150、GH);及配管系(La),其浸泡在該蓄水設備(150、GH)的水中而具有和該蓄水設備(150、GH)中的水進行熱交換之機能,且具備:具有室外機(1)、室內機(2)、空調負載(3)、空壓機(4)及四通閥(V4)的壓縮式空調機,前述配管系(La)連接於前述室外機(1),其中在前述配管系(La)的內部流通的熱媒為二氧化碳,利用前述二氧化碳的氣化熱或凝結熱與前述蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱交換,為了利用前述二氧化碳的氣化熱或凝結熱與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水進行熱交換,建構成在前述配管系(La)中的露出於蓄水設備(150、GH)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度設成5℃~40℃,前述配管系(La)係為由雙層管(9)構成,其內管(91)流通液相的二氧化碳,其外管(92)流通氣相的二氧化碳之構成,前述內管(91)與外管(92)經由泵(5)連接,前述泵(5)的吐出口(5o)側經由介設有第1開閉閥(Vb3)的管線(93)連接於內管(91),前述泵(5)的吸入口(5i)側經由介設有第2開閉閥(Vb1)的管線(94)連接於外管(92),前述內管(91)的下端經由第3開閉閥(Vb2)和前述外管(92)連 通,且具備切換冷房/暖房之控制單元(50),該控制單元係具有於暖房時關閉第1及第2開閉閥(Vb3、Vb1),開啟第3開閉閥(Vb2),且於冷房時開啟第1及第2開閉閥(Vb3、Vb1),關閉第3開閉閥(Vb2),俾使泵(5)作動的機能。 A heat exchange system according to the present invention includes: a water storage device (150, GH); and a piping system (La) immersed in the water of the water storage device (150, GH) and having the water storage device (150, The water in GH) performs the function of heat exchange, and has a compression type air conditioner having an outdoor unit (1), an indoor unit (2), an air conditioning load (3), an air compressor (4), and a four-way valve (V4). The piping system (La) is connected to the outdoor unit (1), wherein the heat medium flowing inside the piping system (La) is carbon dioxide, and the water vaporizing heat or condensation heat of the carbon dioxide is used to form the water storage device ( 150, GH) heat exchange, in order to utilize the heat of vaporization or condensation heat of the carbon dioxide to exchange heat with water in the water storage device (150, GH), to form an exposure in the piping system (La) The temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the region of the water storage device (150, GH) is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C, and the piping system (La) is composed of a double tube (9), and the inner tube (91) flows through the liquid phase. The carbon dioxide has a configuration in which the outer tube (92) flows through the carbon dioxide in the gas phase, and the inner tube (91) and the outer tube (92) are connected via a pump (5), and the pump (5) is discharged. The (5o) side is connected to the inner tube (91) via a line (93) through which the first opening/closing valve (Vb3) is placed, and the second opening/closing valve (Vb1) is disposed through the suction port (5i) side of the pump (5). The line (94) is connected to the outer tube (92), and the lower end of the inner tube (91) is connected to the outer tube (92) via the third opening and closing valve (Vb2) And a control unit (50) for switching between the cold room and the warm room, the control unit is configured to close the first and second opening and closing valves (Vb3, Vb1) when the greenhouse is closed, and to open the third opening and closing valve (Vb2), and in the cold room The first and second on-off valves (Vb3, Vb1) are opened, and the third on-off valve (Vb2) is closed to activate the pump (5).
較佳為,在前述配管系(La)介設有放洩閥(Va)與二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc),具有控制單元(50A),該控制單元(50A)具有:從放洩閥(Va)及二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度求出二氧化碳循環量之機能;將該二氧化碳循環量和規定量作比較以判斷是否適當之機能;若該二氧化碳循環量適當,則維持放洩閥(Va)及二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度,在前述二氧化碳循環量過多的情況,增加放洩閥(Va)的閥開度及/或減少二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度,在前述二氧化碳循環量過少的情況,減少放洩閥(Va)的閥開度及/或増加二氧化碳供給量調節閥(Vc)的閥開度。 Preferably, the piping system (La) is provided with a discharge valve (Va) and a carbon dioxide supply amount adjusting valve (Vc), and has a control unit (50A) having a discharge valve ( Va) and the valve opening degree of the carbon dioxide supply amount adjusting valve (Vc) to determine the function of the carbon dioxide circulation amount; the carbon dioxide circulation amount is compared with the predetermined amount to determine whether the function is appropriate; if the carbon dioxide circulation amount is appropriate, the maintenance is performed The valve opening degree of the bleed valve (Va) and the carbon dioxide supply amount adjusting valve (Vc) increases the valve opening degree of the bleed valve (Va) and/or reduces the carbon dioxide supply amount adjusting valve (Vc) when the amount of carbon dioxide circulating is excessive. The valve opening degree reduces the valve opening degree of the discharge valve (Va) and/or the valve opening degree of the carbon dioxide supply amount adjustment valve (Vc) when the amount of carbon dioxide circulation is too small.
本發明中,在進行冷房運轉的情況,以在配管系(La)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度:圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度:圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差在60℃以下者較佳。 In the present invention, in the case of the operation of the cold room, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La) to be entered into the water storage device (150, GH) is plotted in Fig. 26(A) and Fig. 28 The temperature shown by O": the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in Fig. 4) and the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (Fig. 26 (A), Fig. 28 is a characteristic curve indicated by a broken line The temperature: the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in Fig. 4) is preferably 60 ° C or less.
或者,本發明中,在進行暖房運轉的情況,以蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度:圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系(La)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度: 圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)之溫度差在30℃以下者較佳。 Alternatively, in the present invention, in the case of performing the greenhouse operation, the temperature of the water in the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 27(A): the temperature sensor in Fig. 3 The temperature measured by TW1) and the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La) to be entered into the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in Fig. 27(A): The temperature difference in the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 in Fig. 3 is preferably 30 ° C or less.
又本發明中,以前述配管系(La)係在複數個系統分歧者較佳。 Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the piping system (La) is divided into a plurality of systems.
或者,前述配管系(La)係配置成螺旋形者較佳。 Alternatively, it is preferable that the piping system (La) is arranged in a spiral shape.
當實施本發明時,作為前述蓄水設備,可利用所謂的水槽(150)或蓄水池(GH)來構成。 When the present invention is implemented, the water storage device can be configured by a so-called water tank (150) or a water reservoir (GH).
又,亦可利用具有能浸泡供熱媒流通的配管系(La)之程度的水深之暗渠或溝(或明渠)來構成前述蓄水設備。 Further, the water storage device may be configured by an culvert or a ditch (or an open channel) having a water depth capable of immersing the piping system (La) through which the heat medium flows.
依據具備上述構成之本發明,使用二氧化碳作為熱媒,將二氧化碳的氣化熱(或凝結熱)和蓄水設備(水槽150、蓄水池GH)內的水所保有之顯熱進行熱交換。亦即,當回收蓄水設備(水槽150、蓄水池GH)內的水所保有之熱量時,在液相的二氧化碳是由前述水回收氣化熱且將熱朝蓄水設備內的水排出的情況,氣相的二氧化碳對蓄水設備內的水中(G)排出凝結熱並凝結。 According to the present invention having the above configuration, carbon dioxide is used as the heat medium, and the heat of vaporization (or condensation heat) of carbon dioxide and the sensible heat retained by the water in the water storage device (sink 150, reservoir GH) are exchanged. That is, when the heat retained by the water in the water storage device (sink 150, reservoir GH) is recovered, the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase is recovered from the water and the heat is discharged to the water in the water storage device. In the case, the carbon dioxide in the gas phase discharges the condensation heat and condenses in the water (G) in the water storage device.
換言之,以二氧化碳構成之熱媒的潛熱與蓄水設備內的水的顯熱係進行所謂的「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」。 In other words, the latent heat of the heat medium composed of carbon dioxide and the sensible heat of the water in the water storage device perform so-called "latent heat-sensible heat exchange".
在此,「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」與以往所謂的「顯熱-顯熱熱交換」相較之下,由於每單位量的熱媒可回收或排出大量的熱,故熱交換效率大幅地提升。 Here, the "latent heat-sensible heat exchange" is compared with the conventional "sensible heat-sensible heat exchange". Since a large amount of heat can be recovered or discharged per unit amount of heat medium, the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved. Upgrade.
又,依據本發明,在露出於蓄水設備(150)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度被設定成5℃~40℃,設定成就算是將二氧化碳壓縮使壓力上昇,二氧化碳亦不會液化的溫度、即臨界點(31.1℃)附近的溫度。如同後述,依據發明者的實驗,若在露出於蓄水設備(水槽150、蓄水池GH)的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度是臨界點(31.1℃)附 近,則二氧化碳與水的熱交換效率會提升。 Further, according to the present invention, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the region exposed to the water storage device (150) is set to 5 ° C to 40 ° C, and the setting achievement is a temperature at which carbon dioxide is compressed to increase the pressure, and carbon dioxide is not liquefied, that is, The temperature near the critical point (31.1 ° C). As will be described later, according to experiments by the inventors, the temperature of carbon dioxide flowing in a region exposed to the water storage device (sink 150, reservoir GH) is a critical point (31.1 ° C). Nearly, the heat exchange efficiency between carbon dioxide and water will increase.
此處,在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度過於高溫的情況(比40℃還高溫的情況)會導致冷房時的熱交換效率降低之情形,可由後述之發明者的實驗清楚瞭解。 Here, when the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing through the area where the water storage device is exposed is too high (the case where the temperature is higher than 40 ° C), the heat exchange efficiency in the cold room is lowered, and it is clear from the experiment of the inventor described later. .
另一方面,在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度過於低溫的情況(比5℃還低溫的情況),前述配管系(La、9)內的熱媒之壓力成為低壓,可能不適合於讓熱媒(二氧化碳)自然循環的情況。 On the other hand, when the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing through the area where the water storage device is exposed is too low (when the temperature is lower than 5 ° C), the pressure of the heat medium in the piping system (La, 9) becomes a low pressure, which may not be suitable. In the case of letting the heat medium (carbon dioxide) naturally circulate.
除此之外,本發明中是使用二氧化碳作為熱媒(冷媒),而二氧化碳相較於習知技術所用的鹵水,熱容量係較大。 In addition, in the present invention, carbon dioxide is used as the heat medium (refrigerant), and the carbon dioxide is larger in heat capacity than the brine used in the prior art.
因此,依據本發明,熱媒能從蓄水設備內的水有效率地回收熱量,或有效率地排出,故能將供熱媒流通的配管系(La、9)作成短且細。又可大幅地削減設置供熱媒流通的配管(La、9)所需的勞力及成本。 Therefore, according to the present invention, the heat medium can efficiently recover heat from the water in the water storage device or can be efficiently discharged, so that the piping system (La, 9) through which the heat medium flows can be made short and thin. Further, the labor and cost required to provide the piping (La, 9) through which the heat medium flows can be greatly reduced.
此處,在將鹵水作為熱媒使用且以熱媒和地熱進行熱交換之習知技術的情況,必需將供鹵水流通的地中配管沿著基礎樁設置,或在基礎樁之中配置該地中配管,當基礎樁施工時,會引發額外的成本。 Here, in the case of a conventional technique in which brine is used as a heat medium and heat exchange is performed by heat medium and geothermal heat, it is necessary to arrange the piping in the ground through which the brine is circulated, or to arrange the ground in the foundation pile. In the middle of the piping, when the foundation pile is constructed, it will incur additional costs.
又,未將供鹵水流通的地中配管配置地樁附近之情況,必需挖掘埋設該地中配管用的井,因此衍生所需之成本。 Further, in the case where the piping in the ground in which the brine is supplied is not disposed in the vicinity of the pile, it is necessary to excavate the well for piping in the ground, and thus the cost required for the derivation.
相對於此,本發明中,無需在地中(G)埋設配管系(La、9),且能將該配管系(La、9)作成短且細,故能大幅地削減習知技術中伴隨配管系之埋設所衍生的勞力及成本。 On the other hand, in the present invention, it is not necessary to embed the piping system (La, 9) in the ground (G), and the piping system (La, 9) can be made short and thin, so that the conventional technology can be greatly reduced. Labor and cost derived from the burying of the piping system.
再者,於本發明中,在供熱媒流通的配管系(La)是以雙層管(9)構成的情況,例如在回收蓄水設備內的水所 保有之熱量的情況(暖房運轉),從熱交換器(例如,室外機1)送來的液相的二氧化碳在雙層管(9)的內管(91)降下。在此,液相的二氧化碳的比重比氣相的二氧化碳的比重大,所以液相的二氧化碳會因為其質量而朝下方落下。 Further, in the present invention, the piping system (La) through which the heat medium flows is constituted by a double tube (9), for example, in the water in the water storage device. In the case of the retained heat (warm operation), the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase sent from the heat exchanger (for example, the outdoor unit 1) is lowered in the inner tube (91) of the double tube (9). Here, since the specific gravity of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase is larger than the ratio of carbon dioxide in the gas phase, carbon dioxide in the liquid phase falls downward due to its mass.
另一方面,當液相的二氧化碳自蓄水設備內的水回收氣化熱並氣化時,氣相的二氧化碳的比重係比液相的二氧化碳的比重小,而朝向熱交換器(例如,室外機1)地在雙層管(9)的外管(92)上昇。 On the other hand, when the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase recovers the heat of vaporization from the water in the water storage device and vaporizes, the specific gravity of the carbon dioxide in the gas phase is smaller than the specific gravity of the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, and faces the heat exchanger (for example, outdoor). The machine 1) is raised in the outer tube (92) of the double tube (9).
因此,即便未設置外部動力,液相的二氧化碳和氣相的二氧化碳仍會流過雙層管內。 Therefore, even if no external power is provided, the carbon dioxide in the liquid phase and the carbon dioxide in the gas phase will flow through the double tube.
本發明中,若將蓄水設備內的配管系(9D)設置在複數個系統,則能效率地回收蓄水設備內的水所保有之熱量,將熱對蓄水設備內的水排出。 In the present invention, when the piping system (9D) in the water storage device is installed in a plurality of systems, the heat retained by the water in the water storage device can be efficiently recovered, and the heat can be discharged to the water in the water storage device.
在此,若將蓄水設備內的配管系配置成螺旋形(9E、9F),則因圓周方向長度是直徑的3倍,所以挖掘深度只需是習知技術的1/3左右即可。 Here, when the piping system in the water storage device is arranged in a spiral shape (9E, 9F), since the length in the circumferential direction is three times the diameter, the depth of the excavation may be about 1/3 of that of the prior art.
本發明中,在進行冷房運轉的情況,若在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度:圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度:圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差設為60℃以下,則能在不使冷房效率降低之下進行冷房運轉。此乃係經由發明者的實驗確認。 In the present invention, in the case of the operation of the cold room, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area where the water storage equipment (150, GH) enters the piping system (La, 9) (in Fig. 26(A), Fig. 28) The temperature indicated by "O": the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in Fig. 4) and the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (Fig. 26(A), Fig. 28, the characteristic curve of the broken line When the temperature difference of the temperature indicated by the temperature sensor TW1 in Fig. 4 is 60 ° C or less, the cold room operation can be performed without lowering the efficiency of the cold room. This was confirmed by experiments by the inventors.
或者,本發明中,在進行暖房運轉的情況,蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度:圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度:圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)之溫度差設為30℃以下,則能在不降低暖房效率之下進行暖房運轉。此亦經由發明者的實驗確認。Alternatively, in the present invention, in the case of the warm room operation, the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 27(A): the temperature sensor TW1 in Fig. 3 The measured temperature) and the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area of the piping system (La, 9) to be entered into the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in Fig. 27(A): When the temperature difference of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 in 3 is 30 ° C or less, the warm room operation can be performed without lowering the efficiency of the greenhouse. This was also confirmed by experiments by the inventors.
以下,參照所附之圖面,針對本發明的實施形態作說明。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
圖示的實施形態中,作為熱交換系統的一個例子,係例示空調系統。In the illustrated embodiment, an air conditioning system is exemplified as an example of the heat exchange system.
換言之,圖示的實施形態中,在熱負載方面,例如是連接空調機3。In other words, in the illustrated embodiment, for example, the air conditioner 3 is connected to the heat load.
圖1~圖16係表示本發明的第1實施形態(包含各種變形例)。Fig. 1 to Fig. 16 show a first embodiment (including various modifications) of the present invention.
在此,為讓動作的說明易於理解,圖1、圖3、圖4係將浸泡在水槽的配管(La)之一部份顯示成異於實際的構成。而有關浸泡在水槽的配管(La)中之構成將於後面述及。Here, in order to make the description of the operation easy to understand, FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 show that one part of the piping (La) immersed in the water tank is different from the actual structure. The configuration of the piping (La) immersed in the water tank will be described later.
此外,圖1中圖示了冷暖房切換控制之控制系(控制單元50等),但在圖3、圖4中倒是省略了該控制系之圖示。In addition, the control system (control unit 50, etc.) of the cold and warm room switching control is illustrated in FIG. 1, but the illustration of the control system is omitted in FIGS. 3 and 4.
一開始先參照圖1,概要說明第1實施形態。First, the first embodiment will be briefly described with reference to Fig. 1 .
圖1中,整體以符號100所表示的空調系統(熱交換系統)係具有:第1熱交換器(以下,記載成「室外機」)1、第2熱交換器(以下,記載成「室內機」)2、屬熱負載的空調機3(亦包含溫水地板加溫設備等)、屬蓄水設備的水槽150、浸泡在水槽150的配管系La、第1熱媒管線Lb、及第2熱媒管線Lc。In the air conditioning system (heat exchange system) indicated by the reference numeral 100 in the first embodiment, the first heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as "outdoor unit") and the second heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as "indoor" "Air machine" 2, a heat load air conditioner 3 (including a warm water floor heating device, etc.), a water tank 150 belonging to a water storage device, a piping system La immersed in the water tank 150, a first heat medium line Lb, and 2 heat medium pipeline Lc.
浸泡在水槽150的配管系La係介設有第1熱交換器1、泵5、開閉閥V1、V2、溫度感測器6、7。此外,在配管系La內流通有屬熱媒的液相二氧化碳或氣相二氧化碳(以下,將二氧化碳記載成「CO2」)。The piping system La immersed in the water tank 150 is provided with a first heat exchanger 1, a pump 5, opening and closing valves V1, V2, and temperature sensors 6, 7. In addition, liquid phase carbon dioxide or gas phase carbon dioxide which is a heat medium flows in the piping system La (hereinafter, carbon dioxide is described as "CO 2 ").
配管系La係具有管線La1~La5。The piping system La has lines La1 to La5.
為計測水槽150內的水溫,在水槽150配置有溫度感測器(水溫感測器)TW1。In order to measure the water temperature in the water tank 150, a temperature sensor (water temperature sensor) TW1 is disposed in the water tank 150.
管線La1係將泵5的吐出口5o和閥V1連接。The line La1 connects the discharge port 5o of the pump 5 to the valve V1.
管線La2係將閥V1和室外機1的連接口11連接。在管線La2中,於閥V1附近設有分歧點B1,在連接口11附近介設有溫度感測器6。The line La2 connects the valve V1 to the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1. In the line La2, a branch point B1 is provided in the vicinity of the valve V1, and a temperature sensor 6 is interposed in the vicinity of the port 11.
管線La3係將室外機1的連接口12和閥V2連接。在管線La3中,閥V2附近設有分歧點B2,在連接口12附近介設有溫度感測器7。The line La3 connects the connection port 12 of the outdoor unit 1 and the valve V2. In the line La3, a branch point B2 is provided in the vicinity of the valve V2, and a temperature sensor 7 is interposed in the vicinity of the port 12.
管線La4係將閥V2和泵5的吸入口5i連接。The line La4 connects the valve V2 to the suction port 5i of the pump 5.
管線La5係將分歧點B1和分歧點B2連接並旁通泵5的支流管線。The line La5 connects the branch point B1 and the branch point B2 and bypasses the branch line of the pump 5.
圖1中,除了配管系La的管線La2及管線La3的室外機1側的一部分以外,配管系La係浸泡於水槽150內的水W。有關浸泡於水槽150內的水W之配管系La的構成,參照圖5~圖13並敘述如後。In FIG. 1, the piping system La is a water W immersed in the water tank 150 except for the piping La2 of the piping system La and the part of the outdoor unit 1 side of the line La3. The configuration of the piping system La for the water W soaked in the water tank 150 will be described later with reference to Figs. 5 to 13 .
圖1中,第1熱媒管線Lb係介設有室外機1、室內機2、空壓機4、減壓閥V3、四通閥V4,而構成壓縮式空調機。此外,熱媒管線Lb內流通有屬熱媒的1次鹵水(例如氟氯烷R134)。In FIG. 1, the first heat medium line Lb is provided with an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 2, an air compressor 4, a pressure reducing valve V3, and a four-way valve V4, and constitutes a compression type air conditioner. Further, a primary brine (for example, chlorofluorocarbon R134) which is a heat medium flows through the heat medium line Lb.
第1熱媒管線Lb係具有管線Lb1~Lb5。The first heat medium line Lb has lines Lb1 to Lb5.
管線Lb1係將空壓機4的吐出口4o和四通閥V4的通口Vp1連接。The line Lb1 connects the discharge port 4o of the air compressor 4 and the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4.
管線Lb2係將四通閥V4的通口Vp2和室內機2的連接口21連接。The line Lb2 connects the port Vp2 of the four-way valve V4 to the connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2.
管線Lb3係將室內機2的連接口22和室外機1的連接口13連接。在管線Lb3介設有減壓閥V3。The line Lb3 connects the connection port 22 of the indoor unit 2 and the connection port 13 of the outdoor unit 1. A pressure reducing valve V3 is interposed in the line Lb3.
管線Lb4係將室外機1的連接口14和四通閥V4的通口Vp3連接。The line Lb4 connects the connection port 14 of the outdoor unit 1 and the port Vp3 of the four-way valve V4.
管線Lb5係將四通閥V4的通口Vp4和空壓機4的吸入口4i連接。The line Lb5 connects the port Vp4 of the four-way valve V4 and the suction port 4i of the air compressor 4.
第2熱媒管線Lc係介設有室內機2、空調機3。在熱媒管線Lc內流通有屬熱媒的2次鹵水(例如水)。The second heat medium line Lc is provided with an indoor unit 2 and an air conditioner 3. A secondary brine (for example, water) belonging to a heat medium flows through the heat medium line Lc.
第2熱媒管線Lc係具有管線Lc1和管線Lc2。The second heat medium line Lc has a line Lc1 and a line Lc2.
管線Lc1係將空調機3的連接口31和室內機2的連接口23連接。管線Lc2係將室內機2的連接口24和空調機3的連接口32連接。The line Lc1 connects the connection port 31 of the air conditioner 3 and the connection port 23 of the indoor unit 2. The line Lc2 connects the connection port 24 of the indoor unit 2 and the connection port 32 of the air conditioner 3.
如同圖1所示,熱交換系統100係具備屬控制手段的控制單元50。控制單元50係透過控制信號線So而與空壓機4、泵5及開閉閥V1、V2連接。As shown in Fig. 1, the heat exchange system 100 is provided with a control unit 50 that is a control means. The control unit 50 is connected to the air compressor 4, the pump 5, and the opening and closing valves V1, V2 via the control signal line So.
其次參照圖2,針對在運轉圖1的空調機3之際的冷房/暖房之切換控制作說明。Next, the switching control of the cold room/warm room during the operation of the air conditioner 3 of Fig. 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 2 .
在圖2的步驟S1中,透過自動控制或手控操作以操作具備控制單元50之未圖示的控制盤而使空調機3作動。In step S1 of Fig. 2, the air conditioner 3 is operated by operating a control panel (not shown) including the control unit 50 by automatic control or manual operation.
在步驟S2中,透過自動控制或手控操作,決定要進行暖房運轉或進行冷房運轉,以進行所決定的運轉。In step S2, it is determined whether the warm room operation or the cold room operation is to be performed by the automatic control or the manual operation to perform the determined operation.
若是執行暖房運轉(在步驟S2是「暖房」),則依控制單元50,關閉浸泡於水槽150的配管系La之開閉閥V1、V2,以停止介設於配管系La的泵5(步驟S3)。When the greenhouse operation is performed ("warm house" in step S2), the control unit 50 closes the opening and closing valves V1, V2 of the piping system La immersed in the water tank 150 to stop the pump 5 disposed in the piping system La (step S3). ).
接著進到步驟S4,將四通閥V4切換成暖房側。當四通閥V4一被切換成暖房側時,則四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp2連通,通口Vp3和通口Vp4連通(參照圖3)。Next, proceeding to step S4, the four-way valve V4 is switched to the warm room side. When the four-way valve V4 is switched to the warm room side, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4 communicates with the port Vp2, and the port Vp3 communicates with the port Vp4 (refer to FIG. 3).
另一方面,若是執行冷房運轉(在步驟S2是「冷房」),則依控制單元50,開放被介設於配管系La的開閉閥V1、V2,使介設於配管系La的泵5作動(步驟S5)。On the other hand, if the operation of the cold room is performed ("Slow room" in step S2), the opening and closing valves V1, V2 that are interposed in the piping system La are opened by the control unit 50, and the pump 5 interposed in the piping system La is actuated. (Step S5).
接著進到步驟S6,將四通閥V4切換成冷房側。當四通閥V4一被切換成冷房側時,則四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp3連通,通口Vp2和通口Vp4連通(參照圖4)。Next, proceeding to step S6, the four-way valve V4 is switched to the cold room side. When the four-way valve V4 is switched to the cold room side, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4 communicates with the port Vp3, and the port Vp2 communicates with the port Vp4 (refer to FIG. 4).
當步驟S4或步驟S6完了後,進入步驟S7,控制單元50係作動介設於第1熱媒管線Lb的空壓機4,執行暖房運轉或冷房運轉並進到步驟S8。When step S4 or step S6 is completed, the process proceeds to step S7, and the control unit 50 operates the air compressor 4 interposed in the first heat medium line Lb to perform the warm room operation or the cold room operation, and proceeds to step S8.
在步驟S8中,判斷控制單元50是否已進行了暖房運轉或冷房運轉之結束操作。若已進行了結束操作(步驟S8為「是」),結束控制。In step S8, it is judged whether or not the control unit 50 has performed the operation of the warm room operation or the cold room operation. If the end operation has been completed (YES in step S8), the control is ended.
另一方面,若未進行結束操作(步驟S8為「否」),則返回步驟S2,再重複步驟S2以後的步驟。On the other hand, if the end operation is not performed (NO in step S8), the process returns to step S2, and the steps from step S2 onwards are repeated.
有關進行暖房運轉的情況,參照圖3作說明。The case of performing the operation of the greenhouse will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
在圖3所示的暖房運轉時,如同前述,關閉介設於配管系La的開閉閥V1、V2,則介設於配管系La的泵5係停止。At the time of the warm room operation shown in FIG. 3, as described above, when the opening and closing valves V1 and V2 interposed in the piping system La are closed, the pump 5 interposed in the piping system La is stopped.
接著,介設於第1熱媒管線Lb的四通閥V4切換成暖房側,四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp2連通,通口Vp3和通口Vp4連通。Next, the four-way valve V4 interposed in the first heat medium line Lb is switched to the warm room side, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4 is communicated with the port Vp2, and the port Vp3 is communicated with the port Vp4.
接著,空壓機4作動,熱媒(例如,氟氯烷R134)被壓縮而成為高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷,從空壓機4的吐出口4o被吐出。Then, the air compressor 4 is actuated, and the heat medium (for example, chlorofluorocarbon R134) is compressed to become a high-temperature high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon, which is discharged from the discharge port 4o of the air compressor 4.
從空壓機4被吐出之高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係經由管線Lb1、四通閥V4的通口Vp1、通口Vp2及管線Lb2,從室內機2的第1連接口21流入室內機2的熱交換部2h。The high-temperature high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon which is discharged from the air compressor 4 flows into the indoor unit from the first connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2 via the line Lb1, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4, the port Vp2, and the line Lb2. 2 heat exchange unit 2h.
在室內機2的熱交換部2h內,高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係和流通於第2熱媒管線Lc的熱媒(從空調機3經由管線Lc1流入室內機2的熱媒:例如水)進行熱交換。透過在室內機2中的熱交換,流通於熱媒管線Lc的水(熱媒)係受熱,高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷則失去氣化熱而凝結並成為高壓的液相氟氯烷。In the heat exchange unit 2h of the indoor unit 2, a high-temperature high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon system and a heat medium flowing through the second heat medium line Lc (a heat medium flowing from the air conditioner 3 to the indoor unit 2 via the line Lc1: for example, water ) Perform heat exchange. The water (heat medium) flowing through the heat medium line Lc is heated by the heat exchange in the indoor unit 2, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon loses the heat of vaporization and condenses to become a high-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon.
在室內機2受熱的水係從管線Lc2送至空調機3,藉空調機3中之未圖示的散熱器放熱,執行設置有空調機3的空間之暖房。在藉由未圖示的散熱器放熱後,屬熱媒的水係再度經由管線Lc1而被送至室內機2。The water that is heated by the indoor unit 2 is sent from the line Lc2 to the air conditioner 3, and the heat sink (not shown) of the air conditioner 3 releases heat, and the room in which the air conditioner 3 is installed is executed. After the heat is released by the heat sink (not shown), the water belonging to the heat medium is again sent to the indoor unit 2 via the line Lc1.
另一方面,在室內機2中凝結的高壓液相氟氯烷係從室內機2的連接口22經由管線Lb3,從室外機1的連接口13流入室外機1內的熱交換部1h。在高壓液相氟氯烷流過管線Lb3之際,被減壓閥V3所減壓而成為低壓液相氟氯烷。On the other hand, the high-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon which is condensed in the indoor unit 2 flows from the connection port 22 of the indoor unit 2 to the heat exchange unit 1h in the outdoor unit 1 from the connection port 13 of the outdoor unit 1 via the line Lb3. When the high-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon flows through the line Lb3, it is decompressed by the pressure reducing valve V3 to become a low-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon.
在室外機1的熱交換部1h中,低壓的液相氟氯烷係和流通於被浸泡在水槽150的配管系La中之氣相CO2進行熱交換。接著,將氣相CO2的凝結熱投入低壓液相氟氯烷,因而流通於配管系La的氣相CO2係凝結而成為液相CO2。亦即,在熱交換部1h中,低壓液相氟氯烷和氣相CO2係藉由氣相CO2的凝結熱將屬潛熱的氣化熱作熱交換,進行所謂的「潛熱-潛熱熱交換」。其結果,低壓液相氟氯烷係氣化而成為低壓氣相氟氯烷。1h in the heat exchange portion in the outdoor unit 1, low-pressure liquid flowing through the system and the Freon was soaked in the water tank piping system La 150 in the vapor phase CO 2 by heat exchange. Next, the gas phase CO 2 condensation heat of the low pressure liquid into Freon, thus flows through the vapor piping system La-based CO 2 and condensed into a liquid phase CO 2. That is, in the heat exchange portion 1h, the low pressure liquid and vapor CO 2 Freon-based gas by CO 2 condensation heat of the latent heat of vaporization genus hot heat exchanger, a so-called "latent heat - exchange latent hot "." As a result, the low-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon is vaporized to become a low-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon.
已在室外機1氣化的低壓氣相氟氯烷係經由室外機1的連接口14、管線Lb4、四通閥V4的通口Vp3、Vp4、管線Lb5而流入空壓機4的流入口4i。然後,在空壓機4被壓縮而再成為高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷,從吐出口4o被吐出。The low-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon which has been vaporized in the outdoor unit 1 flows into the inflow port 4i of the air compressor 4 via the connection port 14 of the outdoor unit 1, the line Lb4, the ports Vp3, Vp4 of the four-way valve V4, and the line Lb5. . Then, the air compressor (F) which is compressed by the air compressor 4 and becomes high temperature and high pressure is discharged from the discharge port 4o.
另一方面,在室外機1凝結的液相CO2係從室外機1的連接口11排出,流過管線La2並因其自重而下降。在流過管線La2之際,液相CO2係因為水槽150內的水W而被投入氣化熱並相變化成氣相CO2。On the other hand, the liquid phase CO 2 condensed in the outdoor unit 1 is discharged from the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1, flows through the line La2, and falls due to its own weight. When flowing through the line La2, the liquid phase CO 2 is supplied with vaporization heat due to the water W in the water tank 150 and is phase-changed into a gas phase CO 2 .
由於開閉閥V1、V2在暖房運轉時是閉塞著,所以流過管線La2的CO2係從分歧點B1旁通並流通於La5,再從分歧點B2流入管線La3。Since the on-off valves V1 and V2 are closed during the operation of the greenhouse, the CO 2 flowing through the line La2 bypasses the branch point B1 and flows through the La5, and flows into the line La3 from the branch point B2.
流入管線La3的CO2係被充分地投入有水槽150內的水W所保有的熱而氣化。The CO 2 flowing into the line La3 is sufficiently supplied with heat retained by the water W in the water tank 150 to be vaporized.
在此,從室外機1排出之液相CO2的比重係比氣相CO2的比重大。因此,管線La3內的氣相CO2係被液相CO2擠壓般地在管線La3內上昇。因此,在暖房運轉時無需讓CO2搬送用的泵5作動。Here, the specific gravity of the liquid phase CO 2 discharged from the outdoor unit 1 is larger than that of the gas phase CO 2 . Thus, CO 2 gas in line La3 based liquid CO 2 is pressed in line La3 camel rises. Therefore, it is not necessary to operate the pump 5 for CO 2 transportation during the operation of the greenhouse.
在管線La3內上昇的氣相CO2係從連接口12流入室外機1內。然後,如上述,對低壓氣相氟氯烷投入凝結熱。The gas phase CO 2 rising in the line La3 flows into the outdoor unit 1 from the connection port 12. Then, as described above, heat of condensation is applied to the low-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon.
其次,有關進行冷房運轉的情況,參照圖4作說明。Next, the case of performing the operation of the cold room will be described with reference to FIG.
在圖4的冷房運轉時,如同前述,開放介設於配管系La的開閉閥V1、V2,同時作動介設於配管系La的泵5。At the time of the operation of the cold room of Fig. 4, as described above, the opening and closing valves V1 and V2 interposed in the piping system La are opened, and the pump 5 interposed in the piping system La is actuated.
在配管系La中,藉由泵5而昇壓的液相CO2係在吐出口5o、管線La1、開閉閥V1及管線La2上昇。接著經由連接口11而流入室外機1內的熱交換部1h。In the piping system La, the liquid phase CO 2 pressurized by the pump 5 rises at the discharge port 5o, the line La1, the opening and closing valve V1, and the line La2. Then, it flows into the heat exchange part 1h in the outdoor unit 1 via the connection port 11.
在室外機1中,液相CO2係和從空壓機4的吐出口4o吐出的高壓氣相氟氯烷交換氣化熱。被投入氣化熱的液相CO2係成為氣相CO2,且經由連接口12、管線La3、開閉閥V2、管線La4而流入泵5的吸入口5i。In the outdoor unit 1, the liquid phase CO 2 system and the high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon discharged from the discharge port 4o of the air compressor 4 exchange heat of vaporization. The liquid phase CO 2 to which the heat of vaporization is introduced is gas phase CO 2 , and flows into the suction port 5i of the pump 5 via the connection port 12, the line La3, the opening and closing valve V2, and the line La4.
在此,由於泵5的吸入口5i的負壓作用於管線La3,故在室外機1氣化的氣相CO2係在管線La3朝向水槽150內下降。Here, since the negative pressure of the suction port 5i of the pump 5 acts on the line La3, the gas phase CO 2 vaporized in the outdoor unit 1 falls in the line La3 toward the water tank 150.
氣相CO2係在管線La3降下的期間對水槽150內的水W捨棄凝結熱並凝結而成為液相CO2。然後,依泵5的吸入口5i的負壓,液相CO2係在管線La5中未分歧地,所有的體積量流通於管線La4並被吸入泵5的吸入口5i吸入。The gas phase CO 2 system discards the condensation heat of the water W in the water tank 150 during the lowering of the line La3 and condenses to form a liquid phase CO 2 . Then, depending on the negative pressure of the suction port 5i of the pump 5, the liquid phase CO 2 is not branched in the line La5, and all the volume flows through the line La4 and is sucked into the suction port 5i of the suction pump 5.
當冷房運轉時,介設於第1熱媒管線Lb的四通閥V4切換成冷房側,四通閥V4的通口Vp1和通口Vp3連通,通口Vp2和通口Vp4連通。然後空壓機4起動,屬熱媒的氟氯烷R134被壓縮而成為高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷從吐出口4o被吐出。When the cold room is running, the four-way valve V4 interposed in the first heat medium line Lb is switched to the cold room side, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4 is communicated with the port Vp3, and the port Vp2 is communicated with the port Vp4. Then, the air compressor 4 is started, and the chlorofluorocarbon which is compressed by the heat medium and which is heated at a high temperature and a high pressure is discharged from the discharge port 4o.
從空壓機4吐出之高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係經由管線Lb1、四通閥V4的通口Vp1、通口Vp3及管線Lb4而從室外機1的連接口14流入室外機1的熱交換部1h。The high-temperature high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon discharged from the air compressor 4 flows into the outdoor unit 1 from the connection port 14 of the outdoor unit 1 via the line Lb1, the port Vp1 of the four-way valve V4, the port Vp3, and the line Lb4. Exchange unit 1h.
在室外機1的熱交換部1h內,高溫高壓的氣相氟氯烷係對從配管系La的管線La2流入連接口11的液相CO2投入凝結熱(進行熱交換)並凝結而成為高壓的液相氟氯烷。在那時,配管系La的液相CO2會氣化。In the heat exchange unit 1h of the outdoor unit 1, a high-temperature and high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon system puts heat of condensation (heat exchange) into the liquid phase CO 2 flowing from the line La2 of the piping system La into the connection port 11, and is condensed to become a high pressure. Liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon. At that time, the liquid phase CO 2 of the piping system La is vaporized.
在室外機1內被凝結之高壓的液相氟氯烷係從連接口13朝管線Lb3排出,且被介設於管線Lb3的減壓閥V3減壓而成為低壓的液相氟氯烷。低壓液相氟氯烷係從連接口22流入室內機2的熱交換部2h。The high-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon which is condensed in the outdoor unit 1 is discharged from the connection port 13 toward the line Lb3, and is decompressed by the pressure reducing valve V3 interposed in the line Lb3 to become a low-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon. The low-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon flows into the heat exchange portion 2h of the indoor unit 2 from the connection port 22.
在熱交換部2h內,流過第1熱媒管線Lb的低壓液相氟氯烷係和流過第2熱媒管線Lc的水(熱煤)進行熱交換,被投入氣化熱而成為低壓的氣相氟氯烷。在那時,流通於第2熱媒管線Lc的水係降下與將熱投入於流過第1熱媒管線Lb之氟氯烷的份量相應程度之溫度。In the heat exchange unit 2h, the low-pressure liquid phase chlorofluorocarbon system flowing through the first heat medium line Lb and the water (hot coal) flowing through the second heat medium line Lc exchange heat, and the heat of vaporization is introduced to become a low pressure. Gas phase chlorofluorocarbon. At that time, the water flowing through the second heat medium line Lc is lowered to a temperature corresponding to the amount of the chlorofluorocarbon flowing through the first heat medium line Lb.
換言之,在室內機2中,流通於第2熱媒管線Lc的水(熱媒)的顯熱和流通於第1熱媒管線Lb的氟氯烷的潛熱係熱交換(顯熱-潛熱熱交換)。In other words, in the indoor unit 2, the sensible heat of the water (heat medium) flowing through the second heat medium line Lc and the latent heat exchange of the chlorofluorocarbon flowing through the first heat medium line Lb (sensible heat-latent heat exchange) ).
從室內機2的連接口23排出的冷水係從空調機3的連接口31流入空調機3內,將設置有空調機的空間進行冷房。冷媒(水)係在空調機3內冷卻室內空氣,並從連接口32經由管線Lc2被送至室內機2的連接口24。The cold water discharged from the connection port 23 of the indoor unit 2 flows into the air conditioner 3 from the connection port 31 of the air conditioner 3, and the space in which the air conditioner is installed is stored in the cold room. The refrigerant (water) cools the indoor air in the air conditioner 3, and is sent from the connection port 32 to the connection port 24 of the indoor unit 2 via the line Lc2.
另一方面,已在室內機2內氣化的低壓氣相氟氯烷係經由室內機2的連接口21、管線Lb2、四通閥V4的通口Vp2、Vp4、管線Lb5而從空壓機4的吸入口4i被吸入。然後在空壓機4被壓縮成高壓氣相氟氯烷再從吐出口4o吐出。On the other hand, the low-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon which has been vaporized in the indoor unit 2 is passed from the air compressor via the connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2, the line Lb2, the ports Vp2, Vp4 of the four-way valve V4, and the line Lb5. The suction port 4i of 4 is sucked in. Then, the air compressor 4 is compressed into a high-pressure gas phase chlorofluorocarbon and then discharged from the discharge port 4o.
在圖3所示的暖房運轉之情況,即使泵5不運轉,流通於配管系La的CO2仍可在包含浸泡於水槽150的區域在內之區域中良好地循環。In the case of the greenhouse operation shown in FIG. 3, even if the pump 5 is not operated, the CO 2 flowing through the piping system La can be well circulated in the region including the region immersed in the water tank 150.
相對地,在圖4所示的冷房運轉的情況,如同上述,若泵5不運轉,則流通於配管系La的CO2就不會在配管系La內循環。On the other hand, in the case of the operation of the cold room shown in FIG. 4, as described above, when the pump 5 is not operated, the CO 2 flowing through the piping system La does not circulate in the piping system La.
有關這樣的泵5及管線La1、La4、La5,參照圖7~圖9並在後面述及。Such a pump 5 and the lines La1, La4, and La5 will be described later with reference to Figs. 7 to 9 .
在此,不論是在圖3所示的暖房運轉或是在圖4所示的冷房運轉,由於在室外機1中,流通於配管系La之CO2與流通於第1熱媒管線Lb之氟氯烷進行氣化熱之熱交換,進行所謂的「潛熱-潛熱交換」,所以大量的熱量被交換,效率變高。Here, in the outdoor room operation shown in FIG. 3 or the cold room operation shown in FIG. 4, in the outdoor unit 1, the CO 2 flowing through the piping system La and the fluorine flowing through the first heat medium line Lb. Since chlorocarbon exchanges heat of vaporization heat and performs so-called "latent heat-latent heat exchange", a large amount of heat is exchanged, and efficiency is increased.
在圖1、圖3、圖4中,水槽150內的供熱媒流通之配管系La雖是利用往復的路徑是分開構成的U字狀管所構成,但在圖示的實施形態中,這樣的水槽150內的配管亦能以雙層管構成。In Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, the piping system La through which the heating medium flows in the water tank 150 is constituted by U-shaped tubes which are formed separately by reciprocating paths, but in the illustrated embodiment, The piping in the water tank 150 can also be constructed as a double pipe.
有關這樣的雙層管,參照圖5~圖12作說明。Such a double pipe will be described with reference to Figs. 5 to 12 .
圖5中,構成配管系La的雙層管9係由內管91和外管92所構成。In Fig. 5, the double tube 9 constituting the piping system La is composed of an inner tube 91 and an outer tube 92.
如圖5所示,於暖房時(參照圖3),從室外機1送來的液相CO2在雙層管9的內管91降下。As shown in Fig. 5, in the warm room (see Fig. 3), the liquid phase CO 2 sent from the outdoor unit 1 is lowered in the inner tube 91 of the double tube 9.
由於液相CO2的比重比氣相CO2的比重大,故會因為其重量而朝下方落下。Since the specific gravity of the liquid phase CO 2 is larger than that of the gas phase CO 2 , it falls down due to its weight.
當液相CO2被投入源自水槽150內的水之氣化熱時,會氣化成為氣相CO2。然後,由於氣相CO2的比重比液相CO2的比重小,所以會在雙層管9的外管92上昇並朝向室外機1。When the liquid phase CO 2 is supplied to the heat of vaporization of water derived from the water tank 150, it is vaporized into a gas phase CO 2 . Then, since the specific gravity of the gas phase CO 2 is smaller than the specific gravity of the liquid phase CO 2 , the outer tube 92 of the double tube 9 rises toward the outdoor unit 1.
亦即,在圖3的暖房時,應朝水槽150內的水W中運送的液相CO2係依自重而在內管91朝下方落下,從水槽150內的水W中返回的氣相CO2係在外管92上昇,因而無需從外部供給用以讓屬熱媒的CO2在二重配管9中流通的動力。That is, in the warm room of Fig. 3, the liquid phase CO 2 to be transported into the water W in the water tank 150 depends on the weight, and the inner tube 91 falls downward, and the gaseous CO which is returned from the water W in the water tank 150 Since the 2nd system rises in the outer pipe 92, it is not necessary to supply the power for allowing the CO 2 which is a heat medium to flow in the double pipe 9 from the outside.
在參照圖4所說明的冷房時,如圖6所述,從室外機1送來的氣相CO2在雙層管9的外管92下降。接著,氣相的CO2將氣化熱投入水槽150內的水W中所凝結成之液相的CO2係面向室外機1而在雙層管9的內管91上昇。In the cold room described with reference to Fig. 4, as shown in Fig. 6, the gas phase CO 2 sent from the outdoor unit 1 is lowered in the outer tube 92 of the double tube 9. Then, CO 2 gas is put into the heat of vaporization of water W in the water tank 150 condenses into the liquid phase of the CO 2 system for the outdoor unit 1 and the double-pipe inner pipe rises to 919.
在此,冷房時與暖房時不同,由於是使比重小的氣相CO2下降,使比重大的液相CO2上昇,故需要動力。Here, in the case of a cold room, unlike a warm room, power is required because the gas phase CO 2 having a small specific gravity is lowered to increase the liquid phase CO 2 having a large specific gravity.
因此,如在圖7所述,於雙層管9的外管92之底部設置第1開閉閥Vb1,在其末端設置CO2循環用的泵5。Therefore, as shown in Fig. 7, the first opening and closing valve Vb1 is provided at the bottom of the outer tube 92 of the double tube 9, and the pump 5 for circulating CO 2 is provided at the end.
此外,在內管91的下端安裝第2開閉閥Vb2。在此,當第2開閉閥Vb2開放時,內管91的末端連通於外管92,而當第2開閉閥Vb2關閉時,內管91的末端閉塞。Further, a second opening and closing valve Vb2 is attached to the lower end of the inner tube 91. Here, when the second opening/closing valve Vb2 is opened, the end of the inner tube 91 communicates with the outer tube 92, and when the second opening/closing valve Vb2 is closed, the end of the inner tube 91 is closed.
泵5的吐出口和內管91的底部附近係在管線93連接,在管線93介設有第3開閉閥Vb3。The discharge port of the pump 5 is connected to the vicinity of the bottom of the inner tube 91 in the line 93, and the third opening/closing valve Vb3 is interposed in the line 93.
在暖房時,如圖8所述,閉塞第1開閉閥Vb1及第3開閉閥Vb3,開放第2開閉閥Vb2。In the case of a warm room, as shown in FIG. 8, the first opening and closing valve Vb1 and the third opening and closing valve Vb3 are closed, and the second opening and closing valve Vb2 is opened.
如上述,於暖房時,從內管91下降的液相CO2係與水槽150內的水W熱交換並被投入氣化熱而成氣相CO2。然後,氣相CO2係經由第2開閉閥Vb2而流入外管92的底部附近,從外管92的底部在外管92上昇。在此,即使氣相CO2和液相CO2混在一起而成為所謂的「氣相2相流」並流入外管92,仍會和水槽150內的水W熱交換,完全地成為氣相CO2並朝室外機1側上昇。As described above, in the case of a warm room, the liquid phase CO 2 which descends from the inner tube 91 exchanges heat with the water W in the water tank 150, and is heated into vaporized CO 2 . Then, the vapor phase CO 2 flows into the vicinity of the bottom of the outer tube 92 via the second opening and closing valve Vb2, and rises from the bottom of the outer tube 92 to the outer tube 92. Here, even if the gas phase CO 2 and the liquid phase CO 2 are mixed together to form a so-called "gas phase 2 phase flow" and flow into the outer tube 92, heat exchange with the water W in the water tank 150 is completed, and the gas phase CO is completely formed. 2 and rise toward the outdoor unit 1 side.
雖未圖示,但液相CO2不在水槽150內的水W中氣化之情況,可設置促進氣化的機構(例如,加熱機構)。Although not shown, the liquid phase CO 2 does not vaporize in the water W in the water tank 150, and a mechanism (for example, a heating mechanism) that promotes vaporization may be provided.
於冷房時,如圖9所述,閉塞內管91末端的第2開閉閥Vb2,開放第1開閉閥Vb1及第3開閉閥Vb3,使泵5作動。In the cold room, as shown in FIG. 9, the second opening/closing valve Vb2 at the end of the inner tube 91 is closed, and the first opening/closing valve Vb1 and the third opening/closing valve Vb3 are opened to operate the pump 5.
透過使泵5作動,負壓會作用於外管92內,因而比重小的氣相的CO2會下降。By operating the pump 5, the negative pressure acts on the outer tube 92, so that the CO 2 in the gas phase having a small specific gravity is lowered.
在外管92降下來的氣相CO2係在下降途中,對水槽150內排出氣化熱並被凝結。然後,成為液相CO2被泵5所吸引。從泵5吐出的液相CO2係經由管線93、第3開閉閥Vb3而從內管91被壓送至室外機1。The gas phase CO 2 system descending from the outer tube 92 is discharged while the inside of the water tank 150 is discharged and is condensed. Then, the liquid phase CO 2 is attracted by the pump 5. The liquid phase CO 2 discharged from the pump 5 is pressure-fed from the inner tube 91 to the outdoor unit 1 via the line 93 and the third opening and closing valve Vb3.
如同參照圖5~圖9所作的說明,在冷房時和暖房時,從室外機1出來的熱媒和進入室外機1的熱媒是流通於雙層管9的內管91或流通於雙層管9的外管92,並不相同。As described with reference to Figs. 5 to 9, the heat medium from the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium entering the outdoor unit 1 flow through the inner tube 91 of the double tube 9 or flow through the double layer in the cold room and the warm room. The outer tube 92 of the tube 9 is not identical.
圖10係表示雙層管9的室外機側端部(上端部)中之配管的示意構成。Fig. 10 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a pipe in an outdoor unit side end portion (upper end portion) of the double pipe 9.
在圖10中,雙層管9中的內管91之上端係連接著圖1~圖3所示的管線La2,外管92的上端係連接著圖1~圖3所示的管線La3。In Fig. 10, the upper end of the inner tube 91 of the double tube 9 is connected to the line La2 shown in Figs. 1 to 3, and the upper end of the outer tube 92 is connected to the line La3 shown in Figs.
此外,在冷房時和暖房時,存在著流通於配管系La的CO2和流通於第1熱媒管線Lb的氟氯烷之流通方向是和圖1~圖3所示者不同的情況。In addition, in the case of a cold room and a warm room, the flow direction of the CO 2 flowing through the piping system La and the chlorofluorocarbon flowing through the first heat medium line Lb may be different from those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 .
為對應那種情況,如圖11所示,亦可建構成在配管系La側介設有4個閥Va1~Va4,且管線La2、管線La3可與內管92、外管93任一連通。In order to cope with such a situation, as shown in FIG. 11, it is also possible to construct four valves Va1 to Va4 on the piping system La side, and the line La2 and the line La3 can communicate with either the inner tube 92 or the outer tube 93.
圖11中,連通於室外機1的連接口11的管線La2和連通於室外機1的連接口12的管線La3係連通於外管92。在管線La2介設有開閉閥Va1,而在管線La3介設有開閉閥Va2。In FIG. 11, the line La2 that communicates with the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1 and the line La3 that communicates with the connection port 12 of the outdoor unit 1 communicate with the outer tube 92. The opening and closing valve Va1 is interposed in the line La2, and the opening and closing valve Va2 is interposed in the line La3.
管線La6自管線La2的分歧點Ba2分歧,連通於內管91。又,管線La7自管線La3的分歧點Ba3分歧,連通於內管91。The line La6 is branched from the branch point Ba2 of the line La2 and communicates with the inner tube 91. Further, the line La7 is branched from the branch point Ba3 of the line La3 and communicates with the inner tube 91.
在管線La6介設有開閉閥Va3,而在管線La7介設有開閉閥Va4。An opening and closing valve Va3 is interposed in the line La6, and an opening and closing valve Va4 is interposed in the line La7.
參照圖5~圖11所說明的雙層管9的第1變形例顯示於圖12。A first modification of the double tube 9 described with reference to Figs. 5 to 11 is shown in Fig. 12 .
圖12的第1變形例中,雙層管9A的外管92A在長邊方向(中心線CL方向)形成有凹凸。透過形成這樣的凹凸而增大表面積以提高熱交換效率。In the first modification of FIG. 12, the outer tube 92A of the double tube 9A is formed with irregularities in the longitudinal direction (the center line CL direction). The surface area is increased by forming such irregularities to improve heat exchange efficiency.
雖未圖示,但在雙層管9A的內管91A,於長邊方向形成凹凸亦可。Although not shown, the inner tube 91A of the double tube 9A may have irregularities formed in the longitudinal direction.
圖13係顯示雙層管9的第2變形例。Fig. 13 shows a second modification of the double tube 9.
在圖13的第2變形例中,雙層管9B的外管92B在圓周方向設置凹凸,藉此增大表面積以提高熱交換效率。In the second modification of Fig. 13, the outer tube 92B of the double tube 9B is provided with irregularities in the circumferential direction, thereby increasing the surface area to improve the heat exchange efficiency.
在這樣的第2變形例中,雖未圖示,但亦可在雙層管9B的內管91B形成圓周方向的凹凸。In the second modification described above, although not shown, irregularities in the circumferential direction may be formed in the inner tube 91B of the double tube 9B.
再者,作為雙層管9的變形例,雖未圖示,但可在雙層管的外管(或外管及內管)設置散熱片。Further, as a modification of the double tube 9, although not shown, a heat sink may be provided in the outer tube (or the outer tube and the inner tube) of the double tube.
依據第1實施形態,使用CO2作為熱媒,將CO2的氣化熱(凝結熱)透過和水槽150內的水之熱交換而投入於熱媒,或從熱媒對水槽150內的水排出。然後,以CO2熱媒的潛熱和水槽150內的水W的顯熱,進行所謂的「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」。According to the first embodiment, CO 2 is used as a heat medium, and heat of vaporization (condensation heat) of CO 2 is transmitted through heat exchange with water in the water tank 150 to be introduced into the heat medium, or water from the heat medium to the water tank 150 is used. discharge. Then, the so-called "latent heat-sensible heat exchange" is performed by the latent heat of the CO 2 heat medium and the sensible heat of the water W in the water tank 150.
在此,「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」與「潛熱-顯熱熱交換」相較下,可回收或排出每單位量的熱媒之大量的熱,故熱效率變良好。Here, the "latent heat-sensible heat exchange" and the "latent heat-sensible heat exchange" can recover or discharge a large amount of heat per unit amount of the heat medium, so that the heat efficiency becomes good.
又,CO2與習知技術所用的鹵水相較下,熱容量較大。Further, the CO 2 is larger in heat capacity than the brine used in the prior art.
為此,依據第1實施形態,由於熱媒可有效率地回收水槽150內的水所保有之熱量,或可將熱有效率地排出於水槽150內的水W中,所以能將浸泡於水槽150內的水W中的配管系La(雙層管9)作成短且細。Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the heat medium can efficiently collect the heat retained by the water in the water tank 150, or can efficiently discharge the heat into the water W in the water tank 150, so that it can be immersed in the water tank. The piping system La (double pipe 9) in the water W in 150 is made short and thin.
因此,在使配管系La(雙層管9)浸泡於水槽150內的水W中之際,無需挖掘至地中較深區域,無需埋設配管用的龐大空間。Therefore, when the piping system La (double pipe 9) is immersed in the water W in the water tank 150, it is not necessary to dig into a deep area in the ground, and it is not necessary to embed a large space for piping.
在利用是使用液相的鹵水作為熱媒之習知的地熱的技術之情況,必須將供液相鹵水流通的地中配管系沿著基礎樁配置,或者,在基礎樁之中配置該地中配管,當基礎樁施工時,會引發額外的成本。In the case of using a conventional geothermal technique using a brine of a liquid phase as a heat medium, it is necessary to arrange the piping system for circulating the liquid phase brine along the foundation pile, or to arrange the ground in the foundation pile. Piping, when the foundation pile is constructed, will incur additional costs.
又,未將供鹵水流通的地中配管配置在地樁附近的情況,需要將埋設該地中配管用的井挖掘至地中較深區域,致使產生所需之成本。Further, when the piping in the ground in which the brine is supplied is not disposed in the vicinity of the pile, it is necessary to dig the well for piping in the ground to a deeper portion of the ground, resulting in a required cost.
依據第1實施形態,能將浸泡於水槽150內的水W中的配管系La(雙層管9)作成短且細,故不會產生上述那樣的成本。According to the first embodiment, the piping system La (double pipe 9) in the water W immersed in the water tank 150 can be made short and thin, so that the above-described cost does not occur.
在第1實施形態中,係以雙層管9構成浸泡在水槽150內的水W中的配管系La。In the first embodiment, the pipe system La which is immersed in the water W in the water tank 150 is constituted by the double pipe 9.
如上述,在暖房運轉時,比重大的液相CO2在雙層管9的內管91降下,而被投入有水槽150內的水所保有之熱量(氣化熱)並氣化後的氣相CO2,係在雙層管9的外管92上昇,故屬於熱媒的CO2在配管系La內循環時,不需外部動力。As described above, in the operation of the greenhouse, the liquid phase CO 2 is lowered in the inner tube 91 of the double tube 9, and the heat (gasification heat) retained by the water in the water tank 150 is supplied and vaporized. The phase CO 2 rises in the outer tube 92 of the double tube 9, so that the CO 2 belonging to the heat medium does not require external power when circulating in the piping system La.
因而可減輕暖房時的運轉成本。Therefore, the running cost in the greenhouse can be reduced.
圖14係顯示第1實施形態中的控制。Fig. 14 shows the control in the first embodiment.
依據發明者的研究及實驗,清楚了解若從水槽150露出的配管系內的熱媒(CO2)的溫度是5℃~40℃,最能提升暖房效率或冷房效率。According to the research and experiments of the inventors, it is clearly understood that if the temperature of the heat medium (CO 2 ) in the piping system exposed from the water tank 150 is 5 ° C to 40 ° C, the efficiency of the greenhouse or the efficiency of the cold room can be improved most.
在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度是比40℃還高溫的情況,於冷房時會導致熱交換效率降低。另一方面,在露出於蓄水設備的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度是比5℃還低溫的情況,前述配管系La內的熱媒之壓力成為低壓,在使屬熱媒的二氧化碳自然循環的情況,二氧化碳變得難以在配管系La內循環。The temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the area exposed to the water storage device is higher than 40 ° C, and the heat exchange efficiency is lowered in the cold room. On the other hand, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the region exposed to the water storage device is lower than 5 ° C, and the pressure of the heat medium in the piping system La becomes a low pressure, and the carbon dioxide of the heat medium is naturally circulated. It is difficult for carbon dioxide to circulate in the piping system La.
從室外機1送至水槽150內的水W中之CO2的溫度,係和其時間點中之CO2的溫度(壓力)及系統整體中之熱媒CO2的量相依存。The temperature of the CO 2 in the water W sent from the outdoor unit 1 to the water tank 150 depends on the temperature (pressure) of the CO 2 at the time point and the amount of the heat medium CO 2 in the entire system.
因此,圖14中係顯示以響應從室外機1送到水槽150內的水W中之CO2的溫度(壓力),且從水槽150露出的配管系內的熱媒(CO2)的溫度可成為5℃~40℃的方式,控制系統整體之CO2的量之構成。Therefore, in FIG. 14, the temperature (pressure) of CO 2 in the water W sent from the outdoor unit 1 to the water tank 150 is displayed, and the temperature of the heat medium (CO 2 ) in the piping system exposed from the water tank 150 can be set. The method of controlling the amount of CO 2 in the entire system by the method of 5 ° C to 40 ° C.
圖14中,CO2量係受到被介設在來自CO2供給源10的流入路徑(CO2供給管線)Lc之流量調整閥Vc的開度、及被介設在連接於水槽150內的配管系La9的排出系統Le之放洩閥Va(具有作為流量調整閥的機能)的開度所控制。In FIG. 14, the amount of CO 2 is subjected to an opening degree of a flow rate adjustment valve Vc that is interposed in an inflow path (CO 2 supply line) Lc from the CO 2 supply source 10, and a pipe that is interposed in the water tank 150. It is controlled by the opening degree of the discharge valve Va of the discharge system Le of La9 (having the function as a flow regulating valve).
圖14中亦是,室外機1和水槽150內的配管系La9係利用配管La(La20,La30)構成封閉迴路。In FIG. 14, the piping system La9 in the outdoor unit 1 and the water tank 150 is closed by a piping La (La20, La30).
此外,在圖14中,被浸泡在水槽150的水中之CO2配管系La9並非由雙層管而是用單管構成,呈U字狀管。Further, in Fig. 14, the CO 2 piping system La9 soaked in the water of the water tank 150 is not a double tube but a single tube, and is a U-shaped tube.
圖14中,配管La係以管線La20、管線La30構成。此外,管線La20係將連接部位Pa2和室外機1的連接口11連接,管線La30係將室外機1的連接口12和連接部位Pa3連接。換言之,在連接部位Pa2連接配管La20和配管La9,而在連接部位Pa3連接配管La9和配管La30。In Fig. 14, the pipe La is constituted by a line La20 and a line La30. Further, the line La20 connects the connection portion Pa2 to the connection port 11 of the outdoor unit 1, and the line La30 connects the connection port 12 of the outdoor unit 1 and the connection portion Pa3. In other words, the pipe La20 and the pipe La9 are connected to the connection portion Pa2, and the pipe La9 and the pipe La30 are connected to the connection portion Pa3.
管線La20係介設有放洩閥Va(流量調整閥)。The line La20 is provided with a drain valve Va (flow regulating valve).
又,管線La20中,在室外機1與放洩閥Va之間的區域連接有CO2供給管線Lc,CO2供給管線Lc係連通於CO2供給源10。And, in line La20, in the region between the valve Va and the outdoor unit 1 is connected to drain CO 2 feeder line Lc, Lc CO 2 feeder line based on communication with source 10 CO 2 feeder.
CO2供給管線Lc介設有CO2供給量調節閥Vc,透過控制CO2供給量調節閥Vc的開度,以調節在配管系9a循環的CO2之供給量。The CO 2 supply line Lc is provided with a CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc, and controls the opening degree of the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc to adjust the supply amount of CO 2 circulating in the piping system 9a.
管線La20中,在放洩閥Va與配管La9中的連接部位Pa2之間的區域,介設有溫度感測器6(或壓力感測器40)。In the line La20, a temperature sensor 6 (or a pressure sensor 40) is interposed in a region between the discharge valve Va and the connection portion Pa2 in the pipe La9.
在此,圖14中,溫度感測器6(或壓力感測器40)雖連接於管線La20,但實際的設備中,是介設在管線La20和管線La30中之屬熱媒的CO2會從室外機1流出的那側的管線。Here, FIG. 14, the temperature sensor 6 (or a pressure sensor 40) is connected to the line, although LA20, but the actual device, is interposed in the line and line LA20 La30 heat medium in the case of CO 2 will The line on the side from the outdoor unit 1.
此外,假設在暖房運轉和冷房運轉是切換屬熱媒的CO2會流入室外機1那側的管線時,則以溫度感測器6(或壓力感測器4)被介設在管線La20與管線La30雙方者較佳。In addition, it is assumed that when the greenhouse operation and the cold room operation are to switch the line in which the CO 2 of the heat medium flows into the side of the outdoor unit 1, the temperature sensor 6 (or the pressure sensor 4) is disposed in the line La20 and Both of the lines La30 are preferred.
在圖14中,具備屬控制手段的控制單元50A。In Fig. 14, a control unit 50A that is a control means is provided.
控制單元50A係經由輸入信號線Si與溫度感測器6及壓力感測器40連接。The control unit 50A is connected to the temperature sensor 6 and the pressure sensor 40 via an input signal line Si.
又控制單元50A係經由控制信號線So與放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc連接。Further, the control unit 50A is connected to the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc via the control signal line So.
其次,主要參照圖15,且一併參照圖14並針對CO2供給量的控制作說明。Next, referring mainly to Fig. 15, and referring to Fig. 14 together, the control of the supply amount of CO 2 will be described.
圖15中,在步驟S11中,利用溫度感測器6計測流通於管線La20之CO2(例如,若為暖房時則為液相CO2)溫度,或利用壓力感測器40計測流通於管線La20之CO2壓力(步驟S12)。In Fig. 15, in step S11, the temperature of the CO 2 flowing through the line La20 (for example, liquid CO 2 if it is a greenhouse) is measured by the temperature sensor 6, or the flow is measured by the pressure sensor 40. The CO 2 pressure of La20 (step S12).
在步驟S13中,控制單元50A係決定放洩閥(流量調節閥)Va的開度。In step S13, the control unit 50A determines the opening degree of the bleed valve (flow rate adjusting valve) Va.
雖未明確地圖示,但在控制單元50A內記憶著預先決定之特性,亦即,流通於管線La20之CO2溫度(或CO2壓力)與從室外機1送至水槽150內的水中之熱媒的溫度會成為規定的溫度之熱媒CO2量(以下,記載成「規定熱媒量」)之關係(特性)。Although not explicitly shown, the control unit 50A within the predetermined characteristic of the memory, i.e., in the flow (or pressure 2 CO) lines La20 and the temperature of CO 2 to the outdoor unit 1 from the water tank 150 of the water The temperature of the heat medium is a relationship (characteristic) of the amount of the heat medium CO 2 (hereinafter referred to as "predetermined heat medium amount") at a predetermined temperature.
又,控制單元50A係具有從在其時間點的放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度,求取在其時間點之循環於配管系9a的CO2量(以下,記載成「CO2循環量」)之機能。In addition, the control unit 50A has a valve opening degree from the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc at the time point, and obtains the amount of CO 2 circulating in the piping system 9a at the time point (hereinafter, the description The function of "CO 2 circulation").
再者,控制單元50A係具有將在其時間點的CO2循環量與用以設定在其時間點的規定熱媒量之放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度作比較,以決定放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度之機能。Further, the control unit 50A has a valve opening degree at which the amount of CO 2 circulation at its time point is compared with the valve opening degree of the bleed valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjusting valve Vc for setting the predetermined amount of heat medium at the time point thereof. The function of the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount regulating valve Vc is determined.
在其次的步驟S14中,控制單元50A係從在其時間點的放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度來求取CO2循環量,再與規定熱媒量作比較以判斷是否適當。In the next step S14, the control unit 50A obtains the CO 2 circulation amount from the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc at the time point, and compares it with the predetermined heat medium amount. Determine if it is appropriate.
若CO2循環量適當(步驟S14為「是」),則將放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度維持原樣(步驟S15),且進到步驟S18。When the amount of the CO 2 circulation is appropriate (YES in the step S14), the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc is maintained as it is (step S15), and the flow proceeds to step S18.
若CO2循環量過大(步驟S14是「大」),則減少CO2供給量調整閥Vc的閥開度,及/或,使放洩閥Va的閥開度增加(步驟S16)。然後進到步驟S18。When the CO 2 circulation amount is excessively large (step S14 is "large"), the valve opening degree of the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc is decreased, and/or the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va is increased (step S16). Then it proceeds to step S18.
若CO2循環量過小(步驟S14是「小」),則增加CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度,及/或,使放洩閥Va的閥開度減少(步驟S17)。然後進到步驟S18。When the CO 2 circulation amount is too small (step S14 is "small"), the valve opening degree of the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc is increased, and/or the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va is decreased (step S17). Then it proceeds to step S18.
在步驟S18,判斷是否要結束系統之運轉。At step S18, it is judged whether or not the operation of the system is to be ended.
若是要結束系統的運轉(步驟S18為「是」)則結束控制。If the operation of the system is to be completed (YES in step S18), the control is ended.
若是繼續進行系統運轉(步驟S18為「否」),則返回到步驟S11,重複步驟S11以後的步驟。If the system operation is continued (NO in step S18), the process returns to step S11, and the steps from step S11 onwards are repeated.
圖14、圖15中之其他的構成及作用效果係與參照圖1~圖13所說明者相同。The other configurations and operational effects in Figs. 14 and 15 are the same as those described with reference to Figs. 1 to 13 .
第1實施形態中,參照實驗例並如同後面所述及,在進行冷房運轉的情況,在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度:圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與水槽150內的水溫(圖26(A),圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度;圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差設為60℃以下。In the first embodiment, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the region where the piping system La enters the water tank 150 when the cold room operation is performed will be described with reference to the experimental example (see Fig. 26(A) and Fig. 28). The temperature indicated by "O" in the middle: the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in Fig. 4) and the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (Fig. 26(A), the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 28; The temperature difference of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in 4 is set to 60 ° C or less.
另一方面,在進行暖房運轉的情況,係將水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度:圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度;圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)之溫度差設成30℃以下。On the other hand, in the case of performing the greenhouse operation, the water temperature in the water tank 150 (the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 27(A): the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in Fig. 3) is The temperature difference of the temperature of the carbon dioxide (the temperature indicated by "O" in Fig. 27(A); the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 in Fig. 3) in the area of the piping system La to be flowed into the water tank 150 is set. It is below 30 °C.
在此,如同參照圖14、圖15所作的說明,從室外機1送至水槽150之CO2的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖27(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度)係與在其時間點之CO2的溫度(壓力)及系統整體中之熱媒CO2的量相依存。Here, as described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15, the temperature of the CO 2 sent from the outdoor unit 1 to the water tank 150 is shown in FIG. 26(A), FIG. 27(A), and FIG. The temperature is dependent on the temperature (pressure) of CO 2 at its point in time and the amount of heat medium CO 2 in the system as a whole.
因此,為了控制水槽1內的水溫(以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管La的要朝水槽1進入的區域流通之CO2的溫度(溫度感測器6、7在配管La的要朝進入水槽1的區域側所計測之溫度)之溫度差,只要調整系統100整體之CO2的量即可。Therefore, in order to control the temperature of the water in the water tank 1 (the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1) and the temperature of the CO 2 flowing in the area of the pipe La to enter the water tank 1 (the temperature sensors 6, 7 are in the piping La) The temperature difference of the temperature to be measured in the area on the side of the water tank 1 may be adjusted by adjusting the amount of CO 2 in the entire system 100.
有關第1實施形態,在要進行冷房運轉的情況,將在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度與水槽150內的水溫之溫度差設成60℃以下,而在要進行暖房運轉的情況,將水槽150內的水溫與在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域流通之二氧化碳的溫度之溫度差設成30℃以下,有關調整系統100整體之CO2的量之控制,茲參照圖29、圖30作說明。In the first embodiment, when the cold room operation is to be performed, the temperature difference between the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing in the region where the piping system La is to enter the water tank 150 and the water temperature in the water tank 150 is set to 60 ° C or lower. In the case of the operation of the greenhouse, the temperature difference between the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 and the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing through the area of the piping system La to be entered into the water tank 150 is set to 30 ° C or less, and the CO 2 of the entire system 100 is adjusted. The control of the amount will be described with reference to Figs. 29 and 30.
圖29中,為調整系統100整體之CO2的量,只要控制來自CO2供給源10的CO2供給量與經由連接在配管La的排出系統Le所排出的CO2量(CO2排出量)即可。FIG 29, for the adjustment system 100 as a whole the amount of CO 2 while the control 2 is supplied amount of CO from a CO 2 supply source 10 and via the amount of CO 2 is connected to the piping La of the discharge system Le discharged (CO 2 emission) Just fine.
此外,為了控制來自CO2供給源的CO2供給量,例如,只要在連通C02供給源和配管La的配管系介設流量調整閥Vc,控制該流量調整閥的閥開度即可。又,為了控制CO2排出量,例如,只要在排出系統Le介設放洩閥Va,控制該放洩閥的閥開度即可。In addition, in order to control the supply amount of the CO 2 from the CO 2 supply source, for example, the flow rate adjustment valve Vc may be disposed in the piping system that connects the CO 2 supply source and the piping La, and the valve opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve may be controlled. Moreover, in order to control the CO 2 discharge amount, for example, the discharge valve Va may be provided in the discharge system Le to control the valve opening degree of the discharge valve.
亦即,於冷房運轉時,以溫度感測器7計測在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域La30流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度),以溫度感測器TW1計測水槽150內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度),並將溫度感測器7、TW1之計測結果送至控制單元50B,且以記憶在控制單元50B內的特性圖、特性式及圖表等,使溫度感測器7、TW1的計測結果中之溫度差可成為60℃以下的方式,調整CO2供給量和CO2排出量。In other words, during the operation of the cold room, the temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing through the region La30 of the piping system La to enter the water tank 150 is measured by the temperature sensor 7 (shown as "O" in Fig. 26(A) and Fig. 28). Temperature), the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 is measured by the temperature sensor TW1 (the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in FIG. 26(A) and FIG. 28), and the measurement results of the temperature sensor 7 and TW1 are sent. The control unit 50B adjusts the CO 2 supply so that the temperature difference in the measurement results of the temperature sensors 7 and TW1 can be 60° C. or less, based on the characteristic map, the characteristic formula, the graph, and the like stored in the control unit 50B. Amount and CO 2 emission.
另一方面,於暖房運轉時,以溫度感測器TW1計測水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度),以溫度感測器6計測在配管系La的要朝水槽150進入的區域La20流通之二氧化碳的溫度(在圖27(A)中標繪「O」所示之溫度),並將溫度感測器TW1、6之計測結果送至控制單元50B,且以記憶在控制單元50B內的特性圖、特性式及圖表等,使溫度感測器6、TW1的計測結果中之溫度差可成為30℃以下的方式,調整CO2供給量和CO2排出量。On the other hand, during the operation of the greenhouse, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 is measured by the temperature sensor TW1 (the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in FIG. 27(A)), and the temperature sensor 6 measures the piping system La. The temperature of the carbon dioxide flowing through the area La20 entering the water tank 150 (the temperature indicated by "O" is plotted in FIG. 27(A)), and the measurement results of the temperature sensors TW1, 6 are sent to the control unit 50B. The temperature difference between the measurement results of the temperature sensors 6 and TW1 can be 30° C. or less, and the CO 2 supply amount and CO 2 emission can be adjusted by the characteristic map, the characteristic formula, the graph, and the like stored in the control unit 50B. the amount.
有關CO2供給量和CO2排出量之調整,主要依據圖30並參照圖29作說明。For the supply amount of CO 2 emission amount of CO 2 and adjusted, mainly based on FIG. 30 and described with reference made to FIG 29.
在圖30中的步驟S11A中,於冷房運轉時,利用溫度感測器7、TW1計測CO2溫度或水槽150內的水溫,而於暖房運轉時,利用溫度感測器TW1、6計測水槽150內的水溫或CO2溫度。In step S11A in FIG. 30, the temperature of the CO 2 or the water temperature in the water tank 150 is measured by the temperature sensors 7 and TW1 during the operation of the cold room, and the water temperature is measured by the temperature sensors TW1 and 6 during the operation of the greenhouse. Water temperature or CO 2 temperature within 150.
接著,在步驟S13A中,於冷房運轉時依據利用溫度感測器7、TW1計測之溫度的溫度差,而於暖房運轉時依據利用溫度感測器TW1、6計測之溫度的溫度差,利用控制單元50B決定系統100整體之CO2的量,或放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度。在此同時,利用控制單元50B,從在其時間點(控制周期)之放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度,決定在其時間點(控制周期)之系統100整體之CO2的量(以下,記載成「CO2循環量」)。Next, in step S13A, the temperature difference of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 and TW1 is used in the operation of the cold room, and the temperature difference of the temperature measured by the temperature sensors TW1, 6 is used during the operation of the greenhouse, and the control is utilized. The unit 50B determines the amount of CO 2 of the entire system 100, or the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc. At the same time, the control unit 50B determines the overall opening of the system 100 at its time point (control period) from the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc at its time point (control cycle). The amount of CO 2 (hereinafter referred to as "CO 2 circulation amount").
在步驟S14A中,控制單元50B係將在該時間點的CO2循環量與設定前述溫度差(冷房時60℃以下,暖房時30℃以下)所需之規定CO2循環量與該時間點(控制周期)的CO2循環量作比較。In step S14A, the control unit 50B sets the amount of CO 2 circulation at the time point and the prescribed CO 2 circulation amount (the temperature difference of 60 ° C or less in the cold room and 30 ° C or less in the greenhouse) to the time point ( The CO 2 cycle amount of the control cycle is compared.
若CO2循環量適當(步驟S14A為「是」),則將放洩閥Va及CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度維持原樣(步驟S15A),並進到步驟S18A。When the amount of the CO 2 circulation is appropriate (YES in the step S14A), the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va and the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc is maintained as it is (step S15A), and the flow proceeds to step S18A.
若CO2循環量過大(步驟S14A是「大」),則減少CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度,及/或,使放洩閥Va的閥開度增加(步驟S16A)。然後進到步驟S18A。When the CO 2 circulation amount is excessively large (step S14A is "large"), the valve opening degree of the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc is decreased, and/or the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va is increased (step S16A). Then it proceeds to step S18A.
若CO2循環量過小(步驟S14A是「小」),則增加CO2供給量調節閥Vc的閥開度,及/或,使放洩閥Va的閥開度減少(步驟S17A)。然後進到步驟S18A。When the CO 2 circulation amount is too small (step S14A is "small"), the valve opening degree of the CO 2 supply amount adjustment valve Vc is increased, and/or the valve opening degree of the discharge valve Va is decreased (step S17A). Then it proceeds to step S18A.
接著,在步驟S18,判斷是否要結束系統之運轉,若是,則結束繼續進行系統之運轉(步驟S18為「否」),則重複步驟S11以後的步驟。Next, in step S18, it is determined whether or not the operation of the system is to be completed. If the operation is completed, the operation of the system is terminated (NO in step S18), and the steps from step S11 onwards are repeated.
透過參照圖29、圖30所說明的控制,調整系統100的CO2循環量,可維持前述溫度差(冷房時60℃以下,暖房時30℃以下)。By adjusting the CO 2 circulation amount of the system 100 by the control described with reference to FIGS. 29 and 30, the temperature difference can be maintained (60° C. or lower in the cold room and 30° C. or lower in the greenhouse).
圖29、圖30中之其他的構成及作用效果係和參照圖1~圖15所說明的相同。The other configurations and operational effects in Figs. 29 and 30 are the same as those described with reference to Figs. 1 to 15 .
圖16係顯示第1實施形態的變形例。Fig. 16 is a view showing a modification of the first embodiment.
在圖1~圖14中,於第1熱媒管線Lb,隔著室內機2僅(熱性)連接作為熱負載的空調負載(介設有空調機3的第2熱媒管線Lc)。In the first heat medium line Lb, an air-conditioning load (a second heat medium line Lc through which the air conditioner 3 is interposed) is connected (thermally) to the first heat medium line Lb via the indoor unit 2 .
相對地,在圖16中,於第1熱媒管線Lb,亦(熱性)連接作為熱負載的熱水供給負載8。In contrast, in FIG. 16, the hot water supply load 8 as a heat load is also connected (thermally) to the first heat medium line Lb.
圖16中,在連接第1熱媒管線Lb中的四通閥V4的通口Vp2與室內機2的連接口21之管線Lb2,介設有熱水供給負載(例如熱水器)8。In Fig. 16, a hot water supply load (e.g., water heater) 8 is interposed between the port Vp2 of the four-way valve V4 connected to the first heat medium line Lb and the line Lb2 of the connection port 21 of the indoor unit 2.
熱水器8的熱水供給係藉由和圖3所說明的第1實施形態之暖房運轉同樣之暖房運轉而進行。The hot water supply of the water heater 8 is performed by the same warm room operation as the warm room operation of the first embodiment described with reference to Fig. 3 .
此外,雖未圖示,但亦可省略空調負載,僅設置熱水供給負載8。Further, although not shown, the air conditioning load may be omitted, and only the hot water supply load 8 may be provided.
圖16的變形例中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖15的實施形態相同。The other configurations and operational effects of the modification of Fig. 16 are the same as those of the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 15 .
除此之外,雖未圖示,但省略四通閥V4、水槽150內的管線La1、La4、泵5,可將圖1~圖15的第1實施形態作成僅進行暖房運轉的系統。In addition, although not shown, the four-way valve V4 and the lines La1 and La4 and the pump 5 in the water tank 150 are omitted, and the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 15 can be used as a system for performing only a greenhouse operation.
即使在那情況中,如圖16的變形例,可併設熱水供給負載和空調負載,或僅設置熱水供給負載。Even in that case, as in the modification of Fig. 16, the hot water supply load and the air conditioning load may be provided in combination, or only the hot water supply load may be provided.
圖17係表示本發明的第2實施形態。Fig. 17 is a view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
在第1實施形態中,將水槽150內的水W與屬熱媒的CO2的氣化熱(或凝結熱)進行熱交換用的CO2配管係僅設置單一系統。In the first embodiment, the CO 2 pipe for heat exchange between the water W in the water tank 150 and the heat of vaporization (or condensation heat) of the CO 2 of the heat medium is provided as a single system.
但在圖17的第2實施形態中,將該CO2配管分歧,設置雙系統,作成在雙系統各自中,屬熱媒的CO2之氣化熱(或凝結熱)與水槽150內的水所保有的熱可進行熱交換。However, in the second embodiment of Fig. 17, the CO 2 pipes are branched and a double system is provided, and in each of the dual systems, the heat of vaporization (or condensation heat) of the CO 2 belonging to the heat medium and the water in the water tank 150 are created. The heat retained can be exchanged for heat.
圖17中,循環於室外機1的CO2配管La係在水槽150的上緣附近連接於雙層管9C。在雙層管9C的下端介設有三通閥V30。在三通閥V30分歧地連接有同一規格的雙層管9D、9D。而且,同一規格的雙層管9D、9D各自浸泡於水槽150的水W中。雙層管9D自體係與圖5~圖13所示者相同。In Fig. 17, the CO 2 pipe La circulating in the outdoor unit 1 is connected to the double pipe 9C in the vicinity of the upper edge of the water tank 150. A three-way valve V30 is interposed at the lower end of the double tube 9C. Double-layer pipes 9D and 9D of the same specification are connected to each other in three-way valve V30. Further, the double tubes 9D and 9D of the same specification are each immersed in the water W of the water tank 150. The double tube 9D self-system is the same as that shown in Figs. 5 to 13 .
在此,圖17中,以流通於雙層管9D之CO2彼此的熱不相互影響的方式,或流通於雙層管9D之CO2彼此不進行熱交換(流通於雙層管9D的CO2彼此熱干涉)的方式,使分歧的配管9D、9D相互的距離,最少也需要相隔1m。Here, in Fig. 17, the heat of the CO 2 flowing through the double tube 9D does not affect each other, or the CO 2 flowing through the double tube 9D does not exchange heat with each other (CO flowing through the double tube 9D) 2, the mutual thermal interference), the distance between the different pipes 9D, 9D, at least 1m apart.
依據上述的第2實施形態,由於將浸泡在水槽150的水W中之配管系9D設置在複數個系統,故能有效率地回收水槽150的水所保有之熱量,或將熱朝水槽150的水W排出。According to the second embodiment described above, since the piping system 9D immersed in the water W of the water tank 150 is provided in a plurality of systems, the heat retained by the water of the water tank 150 can be efficiently recovered, or the heat can be directed toward the water tank 150. The water W is discharged.
圖17的第2實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖16的第1實施形態相同。The other configurations and operational effects of the second embodiment of Fig. 17 are the same as those of the first embodiment of Figs. 1 to 16 .
圖18~圖21係顯示本發明的第3實施形態。18 to 21 show a third embodiment of the present invention.
在圖1~圖17的實施形態中,CO2配管系被浸泡在水槽150內的水W中,但圖18~圖21的第3實施形態係CO2配管系被浸泡在蓄水池GH。In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 17, the CO 2 pipe is immersed in the water W in the water tank 150. However, in the third embodiment of FIGS. 18 to 21, the CO 2 pipe system is immersed in the water reservoir GH.
圖18中,CO2配管系La係連接於螺旋狀的雙層管9E。但是,亦可介設直線狀的雙層管9C,亦可將配管系La和螺旋狀的雙層管9E連接。In Fig. 18, the CO 2 piping system La is connected to a spiral double tube 9E. However, a linear double tube 9C may be interposed, and the piping system La may be connected to the spiral double tube 9E.
為了使屬CO2配管系的雙層管9E在蓄水池GH內呈螺旋形浸泡,能以可撓性良好的材料構成CO2配管(雙層管9E)。然後,以螺旋形態朝蓄水池GH內插入並作配置。In order to allow the double tube 9E of the CO 2 piping system to be spirally immersed in the reservoir GH, the CO 2 piping (double tube 9E) can be formed of a material having good flexibility. Then, it is inserted into the reservoir GH in a spiral form and configured.
或者,以形狀記憶合金構成CO2配管(雙層管9E),且讓該形狀記憶合金記憶著當蓄水池GH內的水中溫度成為5℃~40℃時會成為圖18所示的螺旋狀,且以螺旋形態朝蓄水池GH內作配置即可。Alternatively, the shape memory alloy is used to form a CO 2 pipe (double pipe 9E), and the shape memory alloy is stored in a spiral shape as shown in FIG. 18 when the temperature in the water in the reservoir GH is 5 to 40 ° C. And it can be configured in a spiral form toward the reservoir GH.
依據圖18~圖21的第3實施形態,由於在蓄水池GH內將配管系9E配置成螺旋形,所以圓周方向長度成為直徑的3倍,在充分確保CO2和水之熱交換所需的長度之狀態,可將蓄水池GH的深度方向尺寸減少成習知的1/3左右。According to the third embodiment of Figs. 18 to 21, since the piping system 9E is arranged in a spiral shape in the reservoir GH, the circumferential length is three times the diameter, and the heat exchange between CO 2 and water is sufficiently ensured. The state of the length can reduce the depth direction of the reservoir GH to about 1/3 of the conventional one.
此外,蓄水池GH的深度方向尺寸減少之結果,更加節省對系統施工所需之成本。In addition, as a result of the reduction in the depth direction of the reservoir GH, the cost required for system construction is further saved.
在此,為了不造成流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO2相互進行熱交換(流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO2的熱相互影響),螺旋形之節距及直徑係以1m以上者較佳。Here, in order not to cause piping system flows through the spiral-shaped portions within the 9E CO 2 to each other by heat exchange (heat flow in a helical pipe line portions within the 9E CO 2 affect each other), a spiral of It is preferable that the pitch and the diameter are 1 m or more.
圖19~圖21係顯示第3實施形態的施工順序。19 to 21 show the construction procedure of the third embodiment.
當圖19~圖21的第3實施形態施工時,首先,如圖19所述,在土壤G挖掘豎坑,以強化材等被覆所挖掘之豎坑的內壁面,防止土壤崩落。藉以造出配置配管系9E用的蓄水池GH。然後,如圖20所示,於蓄水池GH內配置螺旋形的配管系9E。In the construction of the third embodiment of Figs. 19 to 21, first, as shown in Fig. 19, the vertical pit is excavated in the soil G, and the inner wall surface of the excavated vertical pit is covered with a reinforcing material or the like to prevent the soil from collapsing. The reservoir GH for arranging the piping system 9E is created. Then, as shown in FIG. 20, a spiral piping system 9E is disposed in the reservoir GH.
在此,螺旋形的配管系9E中的節距及直徑係1m以上且儘可能小者為佳。因為若節距及直徑為1m以下,則會導致流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO2相互進行熱交換(流通於螺旋形的配管系9E內的各部分之CO2的熱相互影響)的緣故,且當螺旋形的配管系9E之節距及直徑大時,蓄水池GH的徑及深度必需要作大的緣故。Here, it is preferable that the pitch and the diameter in the spiral piping system 9E are 1 m or more and as small as possible. Because if the pitch and diameter of 1m or less, will result in various parts of the circulation in the spiral piping system 9E CO 2 by heat exchange (heat flowing through the spiral pipe line portions within the 9E CO 2 mutually For the sake of mutual influence, and when the pitch and diameter of the spiral piping system 9E are large, the diameter and depth of the reservoir GH must be large.
在蓄水池GH內配置了螺旋形的配管系9E後,如圖21所示,將水W充填於蓄水池GH。After the spiral piping system 9E is disposed in the reservoir GH, as shown in FIG. 21, the water W is filled in the reservoir GH.
在此,水W可以是地下水。地下水的溫度水準係與土壤G的程度相同。Here, the water W may be ground water. The temperature level of groundwater is the same as that of soil G.
圖18~圖21的第3實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖17的各實施形態相同。The other configurations and operational effects of the third embodiment of Figs. 18 to 21 are the same as those of the respective embodiments of Figs. 1 to 17 .
圖22係顯示本發明的第4實施形態。Fig. 22 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
圖22的第4實施形態係相當於圖17的第2實施形態與圖18~圖21的第3實施形態之組合者。The fourth embodiment of Fig. 22 corresponds to the combination of the second embodiment of Fig. 17 and the third embodiment of Figs. 18 to 21 .
圖22中,循環於室內機1的CO2配管La被連接於雙層管9C。此外,在雙層管9C的下端介設有三通閥V30。In Fig. 22, the CO 2 pipe La circulating in the indoor unit 1 is connected to the double pipe 9C. Further, a three-way valve V30 is interposed at the lower end of the double pipe 9C.
從三通閥V30分歧地連接有浸泡於水中的雙層管9D與螺旋狀的雙層管9E。A double tube 9D soaked in water and a spiral double tube 9E are connected to each other from the three-way valve V30.
雙層管9D的構成係與在第1實施形態之圖5~圖13所說明的構成相同,且使用方式同雙層管9C。另一方面,螺旋狀的雙層管9E係和圖18~圖21所示的第3實施形態之螺旋狀的雙層管9E相同。The configuration of the double pipe 9D is the same as that described in Figs. 5 to 13 of the first embodiment, and is used in the same manner as the double pipe 9C. On the other hand, the spiral double tube 9E is the same as the spiral double tube 9E of the third embodiment shown in Figs. 18 to 21 .
依據圖22的第4實施形態,可比圖17~圖21的各實施形態更有效率地回收水槽150內的水所保有之熱量。According to the fourth embodiment of Fig. 22, the amount of heat retained by the water in the water tank 150 can be more efficiently recovered than in the respective embodiments of Figs. 17 to 21 .
圖22的第4實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖21的各實施形態相同。The other configurations and operational effects of the fourth embodiment of Fig. 22 are the same as those of the respective embodiments of Figs. 1 to 21 .
圖23係表示本發明的第5實施形態。Fig. 23 is a view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
圖23的實施形態中,相較於圖22的第4實施形態,從三通閥3V分歧的雙層管皆成為螺旋狀的雙層管9E。In the embodiment of Fig. 23, compared with the fourth embodiment of Fig. 22, the double tubes which are branched from the three-way valve 3V are all spiral double tubes 9E.
在此,以螺旋形的雙層管(CO2配管)9E彼此沒有熱干涉的方式,使最接近的部分,最少也需要相隔1m。Here, in a manner in which the spiral double tube (CO 2 pipe) 9E does not interfere with each other, the closest portion is required to be at least 1 m apart.
依據圖23的第5實施形態,可比圖22的第4實施形態更高效率地回收水槽150內的水所保有之熱量。According to the fifth embodiment of Fig. 23, the amount of heat retained by the water in the water tank 150 can be recovered more efficiently than in the fourth embodiment of Fig. 22 .
圖23的第5實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖22的各實施形態相同。The other configurations and operational effects of the fifth embodiment of Fig. 23 are the same as those of the respective embodiments of Figs. 1 to 22 .
圖24係顯示本發明的第6實施形態。Fig. 24 is a view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
圖24的第6實施形態中,係和圖23的第5實施形態同樣地,從三通閥3V分歧的雙層管全都配置成螺旋形,但一方的螺旋狀雙層管9F則是配置成以在另一方的螺旋狀雙層管9E(和圖23的雙層管9E相同)之半徑方向外方包圍另一方的螺旋狀雙層管9E。In the sixth embodiment of Fig. 24, as in the fifth embodiment of Fig. 23, the double tubes that are branched from the three-way valve 3V are all arranged in a spiral shape, but one of the spiral double tubes 9F is arranged in the same manner. The other spiral double tube 9E is surrounded outward in the radial direction of the other spiral double tube 9E (same as the double tube 9E of Fig. 23).
在此情況亦是,以螺旋形的雙層管(CO2配管)9E、9F彼此沒有熱干涉的方式,使螺旋形的雙層管(CO2配管)9E、9F在直徑方向最少是相隔1m。In this case, the spiral double-layer pipes (CO 2 pipes) 9E and 9F are not thermally interfered with each other, so that the spiral double-layer pipes (CO 2 pipes) 9E and 9F are at least 1 m apart in the diameter direction. .
除此之外,2個螺旋形的雙層管9E、9F各自在上下方向(螺旋之節距方向)最少也需要相隔1m。In addition, the two spiral double tubes 9E, 9F each need to be separated by at least 1 m in the up and down direction (the pitch direction of the spiral).
依據圖24的第6實施形態,其與圖23的第5實施形態相較下,較能縮小用以配置分歧的雙層管9E、9F之水平方向的空間,而且就算是將浸泡在水中的管9F之長度作短,亦能維持或增加水槽150內的水所保有之熱量的回收量。According to the sixth embodiment of Fig. 24, compared with the fifth embodiment of Fig. 23, it is possible to reduce the horizontal space of the double tubes 9E and 9F for arranging the divergence, and even if it is immersed in water. The length of the tube 9F is short, and the amount of heat retained by the water in the water tank 150 can be maintained or increased.
圖24的第6實施形態中之其他的構成及作用效果係與圖1~圖23的各實施形態相同。The other configurations and operational effects of the sixth embodiment of Fig. 24 are the same as those of the respective embodiments of Figs. 1 to 23 .
[實驗例][Experimental example]
其次,參照圖25~圖28,針對本發明的實驗例作說明。Next, an experimental example of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 25 to 28 .
圖25係顯示在實驗例所使用之實驗裝置的概要。Fig. 25 is a view showing an outline of an experimental apparatus used in the experimental example.
圖25中,整體用符號500來表示的實驗裝置係具備:第1水槽150、熱泵HP、第2水槽200、連通於第1水槽150及熱泵HP之配管系LaE、及連通於熱泵HP及第2水槽200之配管系LcE。In Fig. 25, the experimental apparatus indicated by the whole symbol 500 is provided with the first water tank 150, the heat pump HP, the second water tank 200, the piping system LaE that communicates with the first water tank 150 and the heat pump HP, and the heat pump HP and the 2 The piping of the water tank 200 is LcE.
第2水槽200係被設置作為與在圖1等所示的空調機(亦包含溫水地板加溫設備等)3相當之熱負載。亦即,第2水槽200係表示熱負載。The second water tank 200 is provided as a heat load corresponding to the air conditioner (including the warm water floor heating device or the like) 3 shown in FIG. 1 and the like. That is, the second water tank 200 represents a heat load.
又,圖25中之熱泵HP係相當於在圖1等中具有室外機1、室內機2、空壓機4、減壓閥V3及四通閥V4的壓縮式空調機。Further, the heat pump HP in Fig. 25 corresponds to a compression type air conditioner having an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 2, an air compressor 4, a pressure reducing valve V3, and a four-way valve V4 in Fig. 1 and the like.
在配管系LaE內流通有屬熱媒的CO2,在從熱泵HP朝向第1水槽150之配管系(參照箭頭Fa)中,介設有用以計測在其中流通之CO2的溫度之溫度感測器TS1。利用溫度感測器TS1所計測的溫度係在圖26(A)、圖27(A)、圖28中標繪「O」來表示。In the piping system LaE, CO 2 which is a heat medium flows, and in the piping system (see arrow Fa) from the heat pump HP toward the first water tank 150, temperature sensing for measuring the temperature of the CO 2 flowing therein is introduced. T S 1. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor T S 1 is indicated by "O" in FIGS. 26(A), 27(A), and 28 .
在從第1水槽150朝向熱泵HP的配管系(參照箭頭Fb)上,介設有用以計測在其中流通之CO2的溫度之溫度感測器Ts2。利用溫度感測器Ts2所計測的溫度在圖26(A)、圖27(A)、圖28中標繪「△」來表示。A temperature sensor Ts2 for measuring the temperature of the CO 2 flowing therein is disposed in a piping system (see an arrow Fb) that faces the heat pump HP from the first water tank 150. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor Ts2 is indicated by "△" in FIGS. 26(A), 27(A), and 28.
在第1水槽150內設有用以計測其中所貯留的水的水溫之溫度感測器Ts3。利用溫度感測器Ts3所計測之水槽150內的水溫係在圖26(A)、圖27(A)、圖28中由虛線所示之特性線來表示。A temperature sensor Ts3 for measuring the water temperature of the water stored therein is provided in the first water tank 150. The water temperature in the water tank 150 measured by the temperature sensor Ts3 is indicated by a characteristic line indicated by a broken line in FIGS. 26(A), 27(A) and 28.
又,配管系LeE內亦流通有熱媒(例如,水),在從熱泵HP朝向第2水槽200的配管系(參照箭頭Fc)上,介設有用以計測在其中流通之熱媒(水)的溫度之溫度感測器Ts4。溫度感測器Ts4所計測之溫度係在圖26(B)、圖27(B)中標繪「O」來表示。Further, a heat medium (for example, water) flows through the piping system LeE, and a piping system (see arrow Fc) from the heat pump HP toward the second water tank 200 is provided with a heat medium (water) for measuring the circulation therein. The temperature of the temperature sensor Ts4. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor Ts4 is indicated by "O" in Figs. 26(B) and 27(B).
在從第2水槽200朝向熱泵HP的配管系(參照箭頭Fd)上,介設有用以計測在其中流通之熱媒(水)的溫度之溫度感測器Ts5。溫度感測器Ts5所計測之溫度在圖26(B)、圖27(B)中標繪「△」來表示。A temperature sensor Ts5 for measuring the temperature of the heat medium (water) flowing therethrough is interposed in a piping system (see an arrow Fd) from the second water tank 200 toward the heat pump HP. The temperature measured by the temperature sensor Ts5 is indicated by "△" in Figs. 26(B) and 27(B).
在實驗例中,運轉圖25所示之實驗裝置,求取利用溫度感測器Ts1~Ts5所計測之溫度,求取從實驗裝置運轉開始起算的經過時間與所計測的溫度之特性。In the experimental example, the experimental apparatus shown in Fig. 25 was operated, and the temperature measured by the temperature sensors Ts1 to Ts5 was obtained, and the characteristics of the elapsed time from the start of the operation of the experimental apparatus and the measured temperature were obtained.
在圖26(A)~(C)、圖27(A)~(C)、圖28中,顯示那樣的經過時間-溫度特性之特性曲線。In Figs. 26(A) to (C), Figs. 27(A) to (C), and Fig. 28, the characteristic curve of the elapsed time-temperature characteristic is shown.
圖26係顯示有關冷房運轉之實驗結果。Figure 26 shows the experimental results regarding the operation of the cold room.
圖26(A)係表示從熱泵HP出來並朝向第1水槽150之CO2的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts1的計測結果之時間特性:標繪「O」)、從第1水槽150出來並朝向熱泵HP之CO2的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts2的計測結果之時間特性:標繪「△」)、CO2的凝結溫度(粗實線所示之特性)、CO2的臨界點(細實線所示之特性)與水槽150內的溫度特性(利用溫度感測器Ts3計測之結果的時間特性:虛線所示之特性)。26(A) shows the temperature characteristics of the CO 2 from the heat pump HP and directed toward the first water tank 150 (time characteristic of the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts1: "O" is plotted), and is discharged from the first water tank 150. Temperature characteristic of CO 2 toward heat pump HP (time characteristic of measurement result of temperature sensor Ts2: plot "△"), condensation temperature of CO 2 (characteristic shown by thick solid line), critical point of CO 2 ( The characteristic shown by the thin solid line) and the temperature characteristic in the water tank 150 (time characteristic of the result measured by the temperature sensor Ts3: characteristic shown by a broken line).
圖26(B)係表示從熱泵HP朝向第2水槽200之熱媒(水)的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts4的計測結果之時間特性:標繪「O」)與自第2水槽200返回熱泵HP的熱媒(水)的溫度特性(溫度感測器Ts5的計測結果之時間特性:標繪「△」)。26(B) shows the temperature characteristics of the heat medium (water) from the heat pump HP toward the second water tank 200 (time characteristic of the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts4: plot "O") and return from the second water tank 200 The temperature characteristic of the heat medium (water) of the heat pump HP (time characteristic of the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts5: "△" is plotted).
圖26(C)係表示圖26(B)中從熱泵HP朝向第2水槽200之熱媒(水)的溫度(溫度感測器Ts4的計測結果:標繪「O」)與自第2水槽200返回熱泵HP的熱媒(水)之溫度(溫度感測器Ts5的計測結果:標繪「△」)之溫度差的特性,表示投入於第2水槽200的熱量或冷卻能力的特性。26(C) shows the temperature of the heat medium (water) from the heat pump HP to the second water tank 200 in FIG. 26(B) (the measurement result of the temperature sensor Ts4: "O" is plotted) and the second water tank The characteristic of the temperature difference of the temperature of the heat medium (water) of the heat pump HP (measured by the temperature sensor Ts5: "△") is the characteristic of the heat or cooling capacity of the second water tank 200.
圖27係顯示有關暖房運轉之實驗結果。Figure 27 shows the experimental results regarding the operation of the greenhouse.
圖27(A)、(B)的特性曲線與圖26(A)、(B)的特性曲線相同。The characteristic curves of Figs. 27(A) and (B) are the same as those of Figs. 26(A) and (B).
圖27(C)係顯示暖房能力的特性。Fig. 27(C) shows the characteristics of the greenhouse capacity.
在表示冷房運轉時的圖26(C)中,在經過時間(橫軸)是2分鐘以後的區域中,冷房能力(縱軸)非常高(22~23kW)。In Fig. 26(C) showing the operation of the cold room, in the area where the elapsed time (horizontal axis) is 2 minutes, the cold room capacity (vertical axis) is very high (22 to 23 kW).
在圖26(C)雖未明示,但在將直徑3英吋、長度50m的管埋設於地下以與地熱進行熱交換的情況中,在以和實驗例相同的條件計測冷房能力的情況,冷房能力是5kW。若與此數值比較,則可理解在實驗例中可獲得之冷房能力非常高。Although it is not shown in FIG. 26(C), when a tube having a diameter of 3 inches and a length of 50 m is buried in the ground to exchange heat with geothermal heat, the cold room capacity is measured under the same conditions as the experimental example, and the cold room is used. The capacity is 5kW. If compared with this value, it can be understood that the cold room capacity available in the experimental example is very high.
同樣地,在表示暖房運轉時的圖27(C)中,在經過時間(橫軸)是超過30分鐘以後的區域中,暖房能力(縱軸)上昇到高的數值。In the same manner, in FIG. 27(C) showing the operation of the greenhouse, the room capacity (vertical axis) rises to a high value in the region where the elapsed time (horizontal axis) is more than 30 minutes.
在圖27(C)雖未明示,但發明者的實驗中,在將直徑3英吋、長度50m的管埋設於地下以與地熱進行熱交換的情況中,在以和實驗例相同的條件計測暖房能力的情況,暖房能力係5kW。Although it is not shown in FIG. 27(C), in the experiment of the inventor, when a tube having a diameter of 3 inches and a length of 50 m was buried in the ground to exchange heat with geothermal heat, the same conditions as in the experimental example were measured. In the case of the capacity of the greenhouse, the capacity of the greenhouse is 5kW.
圖27(C)中,在經過時間(橫軸)是超過30分鐘以後的區域中之暖房能力達到10kW附近,相較於和地熱進行熱交換的情況,暖房能力乃明顯提升。In Fig. 27(C), in the vicinity of the greenhouse capacity in the region where the elapsed time (horizontal axis) is more than 30 minutes, the capacity of the greenhouse is significantly improved as compared with the case where the heat exchange with the geothermal heat is performed.
在30分鐘前後的階段,在水槽150內流通之CO2的溫度昇溫到臨界點附近,由於CO2的比熱上昇使熱交換效率提升,故推定暖房能力亦被提升。At a stage before and after 30 minutes, the temperature of the CO 2 flowing in the water tank 150 is raised to the vicinity of the critical point, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved by the increase in the specific heat of the CO 2 , so that the capacity of the greenhouse is also estimated to be improved.
從圖26(C)、圖27(C)清楚明白,依據本發明,會提升熱交換效率,其結果,冷房能力和暖房能力會提升。As is clear from Fig. 26(C) and Fig. 27(C), according to the present invention, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and as a result, the cold room capacity and the warm room capacity are improved.
在表示冷房運轉時的圖26(C)中,可見從實驗裝置運轉開始起算經過22分鐘左右,冷房能力降低的傾向。然後,時間經過54分鐘以後,冷房能力急劇降低。In Fig. 26(C) showing the operation of the cold room, it can be seen that the cold room capacity tends to decrease after about 22 minutes from the start of the operation of the experimental apparatus. Then, after 54 minutes, the capacity of the cold room dropped sharply.
從實驗裝置運轉開始起算經過22分鐘左右,在水槽150流通之CO2的溫度成為比臨界點溫度還高溫,導致成為CO2的比熱減少的區域,推定熱交換效率會降低。此外,推定從實驗裝置運轉開始起算經過54分鐘後,在水槽150流通之CO2的溫度再昇溫,比熱會顯著減少。When the temperature of the CO 2 flowing through the water tank 150 is higher than the critical point temperature, the temperature of the CO 2 is reduced, and the specific heat of CO 2 is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is estimated to be lowered. Further, it is estimated that the temperature of the CO 2 flowing through the water tank 150 is further increased after 54 minutes from the start of the operation of the experimental apparatus, and the specific heat is remarkably reduced.
在圖25所示的實驗裝置中,雖無法檢出在水槽150內流通的CO2之溫度,但很顯然,當流入水槽150之CO2的溫度(標繪「O」)與自水槽150流出之CO2的溫度(標繪「△」)成為比臨界點溫度(圖26(A)的細實線)還高溫時,熱交換效率降低,冷房能力亦降低。In the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 25, although the temperature of the CO can not be detected in the circulation of the water tank 1502, but it is clear, when the temperature (plot 'O') of the inflow of CO 2 tank 150 and from tank 150 flows When the temperature of the CO 2 (plot "Δ") is higher than the critical point temperature (the thin solid line of Fig. 26 (A)), the heat exchange efficiency is lowered, and the cold room capacity is also lowered.
另一方面,在表示暖房運轉時的圖27(A)中,即使經過60分鐘,流入水槽150之CO2的溫度(標繪「O」)與自水槽150流出之CO2的溫度(標繪「△」)都不會自臨界點溫度(圖27(A)的細實線)分離。因此,可理解在水槽150內流通之CO2的溫度亦不會自臨界點溫度偏離。On the other hand, in Fig. 27(A) showing the operation of the greenhouse, even after 60 minutes, the temperature of the CO 2 flowing into the water tank 150 (plot "O") and the temperature of the CO 2 flowing out of the water tank 150 (plotting) "△") does not separate from the critical point temperature (thin solid line in Fig. 27(A)). Accordingly, the temperature of the flow in the water tank appreciated 150 CO 2 also does not deviate from the critical temperature.
為此,在圖27(C)中,CO2的熱交換效率未降低,推定暖房能力即使經過60分鐘還是維持高效能。For this reason, in Fig. 27(C), the heat exchange efficiency of CO 2 is not lowered, and it is estimated that the greenhouse capacity maintains high efficiency even after 60 minutes.
由圖26、圖27可清楚明白,若從水槽150流出之CO2的溫度(標繪「△」)是40℃以下,則實驗裝置中的冷房能力、暖房能力不會降低。As can be clearly seen from Fig. 26 and Fig. 27, when the temperature of the CO 2 flowing out from the water tank 150 (plotted "Δ") is 40 ° C or less, the cold room capacity and the greenhouse capacity in the experimental apparatus are not lowered.
雖未圖示,但在流入水槽150之CO2的溫度與自水槽150流出之CO2的溫度比起臨界點溫度過於低溫之情況(5℃以下),從採用圖25所示的實驗裝置之實驗可明白在CO2自然循環的情況中,冷房能力、暖房能力會降低。Although not shown, the inflow temperature of the water tank 150 CO.'S 2 and the outflow of the water tank 150 from the temperature of CO 2 compared to the case where the critical temperature is too low (less. 5 deg.] C), from 25 using the experimental apparatus shown in the FIG. Experiments show that in the case of CO 2 natural circulation, the capacity of cold rooms and the capacity of greenhouses will decrease.
推定此乃起因於配管系LaE內的熱媒之壓力變低壓,致使配管系LaE中的熱媒(CO2)之循環效率降低。It is presumed that the pressure of the heat medium in the piping system LaE is lowered, and the circulation efficiency of the heat medium (CO 2 ) in the piping system LaE is lowered.
圖28係顯示屬冷房運轉時的實驗且為與圖26的運轉條件不同之實驗結果。換言之,圖28係和圖26(A)同樣的特性圖。Fig. 28 is a view showing the experiment at the time of operation of the cold room and the experimental results different from the operating conditions of Fig. 26. In other words, Fig. 28 is a characteristic diagram similar to Fig. 26(A).
如圖28所述,在冷房運轉時,水槽150內的水溫(圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO2的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差Δ成為60℃以下。As shown in Fig. 28, during the operation of the cold room, the temperature difference Δ between the water temperature in the water tank 150 (indicated by a broken line in Fig. 28) and the temperature of the CO 2 flowing into the water tank 150 (plot "O") becomes Below 60 °C.
在圖28雖未明示,但依據發明者的實驗,確認了在冷房運轉時,水槽150內的水溫(圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO2的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差Δ一超過60℃時,暖房能力會降低。Although not explicitly shown in Fig. 28, according to experiments by the inventors, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 28) and the temperature of the CO 2 flowing into the water tank 150 during the operation of the cold room were confirmed. When the temperature difference Δ of "O" is more than 60 °C, the capacity of the greenhouse is lowered.
其結果,確認了在進行冷房運轉的情況,應將在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之CO2的溫度(在圖26(A)、圖28中標繪「O」所示之溫度:圖4中以溫度感測器7計測的溫度)與蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖26(A)、圖28中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度:圖4中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)之溫度差設定為60℃以下。As a result, it was confirmed that the temperature of CO 2 to be distributed in the area where the water storage equipment (150, GH) enters the piping system (La, 9) when performing the cold room operation (in Fig. 26(A), In Fig. 28, the temperature indicated by "O" is plotted: the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 7 in Fig. 4) and the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (Fig. 26(A), Fig. 28 is dotted line The temperature difference indicated by the characteristic curve: the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in Fig. 4 is set to 60 ° C or lower.
圖27(A)中,在暖房運轉時,水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO2的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差Δ成為30℃以下。In Fig. 27(A), during the operation of the greenhouse, the temperature of the water in the water tank 150 (indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 27(A)) and the temperature of the CO 2 flowing into the water tank 150 (plotted "O") The temperature difference Δ is 30 ° C or less.
在圖27雖未明示,但依據發明者的實驗,確認了在暖房運轉時,水槽150內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示)與流入水槽150內之CO2的溫度(標繪「O」)之溫度差Δ(參照圖27(A))一超過30℃時,暖房能力會降低。Although not explicitly shown in Fig. 27, according to experiments by the inventors, it was confirmed that the water temperature in the water tank 150 (indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 27(A)) and the CO 2 flowing into the water tank 150 during the operation of the greenhouse. When the temperature difference Δ (see Fig. 27(A)) of the temperature (plotted "O") exceeds 30 °C, the greenhouse capacity is lowered.
其結果,在進行暖房運轉的情況,蓄水設備(150、GH)內的水溫(圖27(A)中以虛線的特性曲線表示的溫度:圖3中以溫度感測器TW1計測的溫度)與在配管系(La、9)的要朝蓄水設備(150、GH)進入的區域流通之CO2的溫度(在圖27(A)標繪「O」所示之溫度:圖3中以溫度感測器6計測的溫度)的溫度差應為30℃以下。As a result, in the case of the greenhouse operation, the water temperature in the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by the characteristic curve of the broken line in Fig. 27(A): the temperature measured by the temperature sensor TW1 in Fig. 3 The temperature of CO 2 flowing in the area of the piping system (La, 9) to be entered into the water storage device (150, GH) (the temperature indicated by "O" in Fig. 27(A): Fig. 3 The temperature difference of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 should be 30 ° C or less.
在此附帶說明,圖示的實施形態畢竟僅為例示,並非用以限定本發明的技術範圍之旨趣的描述。It is to be noted that the illustrated embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the technical scope of the invention.
在圖示的實施形態中,作為蓄水設備是例示水槽150或蓄水池GH,但作為蓄水設備,亦可以是具有能浸泡供熱媒流通的配管系之程度的水深之暗渠或溝(或明渠)。In the illustrated embodiment, the water storage device is exemplified as the water tank 150 or the water storage tank GH. However, the water storage device may be an culvert or a ditch having a water depth to which the piping system through which the heat medium flows can be immersed ( Or open channel).
1...第1熱交換器/室外機1. . . 1st heat exchanger / outdoor unit
1h、2h...熱交換部1h, 2h. . . Heat exchange department
2...第2熱交換器/室內機2. . . 2nd heat exchanger / indoor unit
3...空調機3. . . air conditioner
4‧‧‧空壓機 4‧‧‧Air compressor
4i、5i‧‧‧吸入口 4i, 5i‧‧ ‧ suction inlet
4o、5o‧‧‧吐出口 4o, 5o‧‧‧ spitting
5‧‧‧泵 5‧‧‧ pump
6、7‧‧‧溫度感測器 6, 7‧‧‧ Temperature Sensor
8‧‧‧熱水器 8‧‧‧Water heater
9‧‧‧雙層管 9‧‧‧ Double tube
10‧‧‧CO2供給源 10‧‧‧CO 2 supply source
11、12、13、14、21、22、23、24、31、32‧‧‧連接口 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32‧‧‧ connectors
50‧‧‧控制單元 50‧‧‧Control unit
94‧‧‧管線 94‧‧‧ pipeline
100‧‧‧空調系統(熱交換系統) 100‧‧‧Air conditioning system (heat exchange system)
150‧‧‧水槽 150‧‧‧Sink
V1、V2‧‧‧開閉閥 V1, V2‧‧‧ opening and closing valve
V3‧‧‧減壓閥 V3‧‧‧ Pressure reducing valve
V4‧‧‧四通閥 V4‧‧‧ four-way valve
La‧‧‧配管系 La‧‧‧Pipe Department
Lb‧‧‧第1熱媒管線 Lb‧‧‧1st heat medium pipeline
Lc‧‧‧第2熱媒管線 Lc‧‧‧2nd heat medium pipeline
La1~La5、Lb1~Lb5、Lc1、Lc2‧‧‧管線 La1~La5, Lb1~Lb5, Lc1, Lc2‧‧‧ pipeline
Vp1、Vp2、Vp3、Vp4‧‧‧通口 Vp1, Vp2, Vp3, Vp4‧‧‧ mouth
So‧‧‧控制信號線 So‧‧‧ control signal line
TW1‧‧‧溫度感測器(水溫感測器) TW1‧‧‧Temperature Sensor (Water Temperature Sensor)
B1、B2‧‧‧分歧點 B1, B2‧‧ bis points
圖1係表示本發明的第1實施形態之概要的方塊圖。Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of a first embodiment of the present invention.
圖2係表示第1實施形態中切換冷房/暖房之控制的流程圖。Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing the control of switching the cold room/warm room in the first embodiment.
圖3係表示圖1中進行暖房運轉的情況之熱媒的流動的圖。Fig. 3 is a view showing the flow of the heat medium in the case where the greenhouse operation is performed in Fig. 1;
圖4係表示圖1中進行冷房運轉的情況之熱媒的流動的圖。Fig. 4 is a view showing the flow of the heat medium in the case where the cold room operation is performed in Fig. 1;
圖5係表示將配管作成雙層管的情況下的暖房運轉時的熱媒的流動之部分剖面圖。Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the flow of the heat medium during the operation of the greenhouse in the case where the pipe is formed into a double pipe.
圖6係表示在將配管作成雙層管的情況,冷房運轉時熱媒的流動之部分剖面圖。Fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the flow of the heat medium during the operation of the cold room in the case where the pipe is formed as a double pipe.
圖7係表示雙層管的下端部之構造的方塊圖。Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the lower end portion of the double tube.
圖8係表示圖7中進行暖房運轉的情況之圖。Fig. 8 is a view showing a state in which the greenhouse operation is performed in Fig. 7.
圖9係表示圖7中進行冷房運轉的情況之圖。Fig. 9 is a view showing a state in which the operation of the cold room is performed in Fig. 7.
圖10係表示雙層管上端部的方塊圖。Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing the upper end portion of the double tube.
圖11係表示雙層管上端部的變形例之方塊圖。Fig. 11 is a block diagram showing a modification of the upper end portion of the double tube.
圖12係表示雙層管的第1變形例之橫剖面圖。Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the double tube.
圖13係表示雙層管的第2變形例之縱剖面圖。Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second modification of the double tube.
圖14係說明第1實施形態中的控制之方塊圖。Fig. 14 is a block diagram showing the control in the first embodiment.
圖15係表示圖14中的控制之流程。Fig. 15 is a flowchart showing the control in Fig. 14.
圖16係表示第1實施形態的變形例之圖。Fig. 16 is a view showing a modification of the first embodiment.
圖17係表示本發明的第2實施形態之要部的塊圖。Fig. 17 is a block diagram showing essential parts of a second embodiment of the present invention.
圖18係表示本發明的第3實施形態之要部的方塊圖。Fig. 18 is a block diagram showing essential parts of a third embodiment of the present invention.
圖19係表示第3實施形態中的施工順序之方塊圖。Fig. 19 is a block diagram showing the construction procedure in the third embodiment.
圖20係表示接在圖19之後的施工順序之方塊圖。Figure 20 is a block diagram showing the construction sequence following Figure 19.
圖21係表示接在圖20之後的施工順序之方塊圖。Figure 21 is a block diagram showing the construction sequence following Figure 20.
圖22係表示本發明的第4實施形態之要部的方塊圖。Fig. 22 is a block diagram showing essential parts of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
圖23係表示本發明的第5實施形態之要部的方塊圖。Fig. 23 is a block diagram showing essential parts of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
圖24係表示本發明的第6實施形態之要部的方塊圖。Fig. 24 is a block diagram showing essential parts of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
圖25係表示在實驗例所用的實驗裝置之方塊圖。Figure 25 is a block diagram showing the experimental apparatus used in the experimental example.
圖26係表示冷房時的實驗結果之特性圖。Fig. 26 is a characteristic diagram showing experimental results at the time of a cold room.
圖27係表示暖房時的實驗結果之特性圖。Fig. 27 is a characteristic diagram showing experimental results at the time of a greenhouse.
圖28係表示在變更圖26中的運轉條件之情況下的冷房時之實驗結果的特性圖。Fig. 28 is a characteristic diagram showing the experimental results at the time of the cold room in the case where the operating conditions in Fig. 26 are changed.
圖29係說明第1實施形態中的控制之方塊圖。Fig. 29 is a block diagram showing the control in the first embodiment.
圖30係表示圖29中的控制之流程。Fig. 30 is a flowchart showing the control in Fig. 29.
1...第1熱交換器/室外機1. . . 1st heat exchanger / outdoor unit
1h、2h...熱交換部1h, 2h. . . Heat exchange department
2...第2熱交換器/室內機2. . . 2nd heat exchanger / indoor unit
3...空調機3. . . air conditioner
4...空壓機4. . . Air compressor
4i、5i...吸入口4i, 5i. . . suction point
4o、5o...吐出口4o, 5o. . . Spit
5...泵5. . . Pump
6、7...溫度感測器6, 7. . . Temperature sensor
11、12、13、14、21、22、23、24、31、32...連接口11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32. . . Connector
50...控制單元50. . . control unit
100...空調系統(熱交換系統)100. . . Air conditioning system (heat exchange system)
150...水槽150. . . sink
V1、V2...開閉閥V1, V2. . . Open and close valve
V3...減壓閥V3. . . Pressure reducing valve
V4...四通閥V4. . . Four-way valve
La...配管系La. . . Piping system
Lb...第1熱媒管線Lb. . . First heat medium pipeline
Lc...第2熱媒管線Lc. . . Second heat medium pipeline
La1~La5、Lb1~Lb5、Lc1、Lc2...管線La1~La5, Lb1~Lb5, Lc1, Lc2. . . Pipeline
Vp1、Vp2、Vp3、Vp4...通口Vp1, Vp2, Vp3, Vp4. . . Port
So...控制信號線So. . . Control signal line
TW1...溫度感測器(水溫感測器)TW1. . . Temperature sensor (water temperature sensor)
B1、B2...分歧點B1, B2. . . Point of divergence
Claims (4)
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