TWI528685B - Electric motor and method of controlling the same - Google Patents

Description

Electric motor and method for controlling electric motor

The present invention relates to an electric motor for generating electric current.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/460,149, filed on July 26, 2006.

The present application claims priority to Provisional Application No. 61/188,994, filed on August 15, 2008.

As energy costs continue to increase and supply shrinks, there is a real need for more efficient use of energy, especially for electric motors. The electric motor supplies power to many devices and thus improving the power output from the motor for a given input energy will mean significant energy savings.

In particular, it will benefit from the use of an improved electric motor wind turbine. Improvements in electric motor power output will help wind turbines become more practical and accepted by the market.

Motors having electromagnetic coils without metal cores have previously been used, for example, in "pancake" type motors typically used in low power applications. However, non-magnetizable core materials such as plastics are not used in high power motors.

What is needed in the art is a novel concept of constructing and controlling an electric motor to produce a more energy efficient electric motor.

In one embodiment, the invention is a multiphase electric motor comprising: a stator comprising a plurality of coils surrounding a non-magnetizable core; a rotor having permanent magnets embedded therein, the rotor being Positioned adjacent to the stator, the rotor is mounted on a rotatable drive shaft; a power source; a position sensor operatively coupled to the rotor; and a control circuit operatively coupled to the power source, The position sensor and the coils are for controlling the distribution of electrical energy to the coils; wherein the control mechanism transfers charge from a first coil to a second coil. A specific design and spacing convention is provided between the magnets and the coil for optimum performance. In addition, the control circuit utilizes pulse modulation to improve control and maximize efficiency.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. The detailed description and the specific examples are intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

The invention will be more fully understood from the detailed description and drawings.

The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention, its application or use.

The motor described herein (which is referred to as a "magneto" motor) differs from conventional electric motors in several aspects, so that a typical formula describing motor performance may not be suitable for the magneto-electric motor. This is due to several factors: 1. A conventional motor output requires steel to concentrate the magnetic flux; and 2. A conventional motor converts electrical power into a magnetic component in a metal component, thereby completing a magnetic path through the stator and rotor, It produces a torque that is applied to the rotor.

Because of these factors, the maximum power output of a typical motor is limited by the magnetic field and the amount of steel in the rotor and the amount of copper in the windings.

The motor described herein differs among these components in that:

1. The magneto-electric motor does not require steel to concentrate the magnetic flux and in fact the steel is detrimental to the operation of the motor in most embodiments.

2. In the magneto-electric motor, the magnetic circuit is completed by the configuration of the permanent magnets in the rotor and the steel end plates on the two outer or end rotors. This concentration of magnetic flux is achieved by this configuration that causes power to increase when the coils are supplied with energy (Figs. 3A to 3D, Figs. 14A, 14B). 3A-3C show the combination of a permanent magnet mounted on a rotor or rotors and a charged electromagnetic coil in a stator, at the conclusion that more permanent magnets are associated with a given coil to produce an increased force. How to generate a varying level of force. In addition, even greater force can be produced by combining more coils and more permanent magnets, as shown in Figure 3D. For example, using a coil 34 and sixteen permanent magnets 52 produces a force of five pounds. Adding another coil and eight permanent magnets can produce ten pounds of force for a total of two coils 34 and twenty-four permanent magnets 52. Similarly, three coils 34 plus thirty-two permanent magnets 52 can generate fifteen pounds of force and four coils 34 plus forty permanent magnets 52 provide twenty pounds of force. The coil 34 can be increased at any position around the circumference of the motor 30 and each coil will increase by a force of five pounds.

Another different system of magnetic flux lines is oriented. In a typical motor, all of the magnetic flux lines are perpendicular to the windings, which causes drag on the rotor as the rotor rotates (due to the resulting back EMF). In a typical motor, this back EMF is necessary, otherwise the current will become extremely high and the windings will burn out.

In the magneto-electric motor, a portion of the magnetic flux is parallel to the winding, reducing the resistance or the resulting back EMF. This magnetic flux orientation can be varied by the spacing of the PM in the rotor relative to the space between the rotors. In addition, there is no inrush current or high current caused by the lack of back EMF. Therefore, the design of the magneto-electric motor automatically controls the current.

The magneto-electric motor has several significant differences in its construction, which cause functional differences.

In a typical motor, the windings are placed in a steel slot in such a way that the windings overlap each other. Therefore, if a winding heats up, it heats the overlapping windings and the entire motor will overheat and burn out. Even if only one winding is burned, all windings must be removed to replace any windings.

In a magneto-electric motor, the windings are simple bobbin coils, each of which is independent of each other and can be removed or placed in the motor one at a time. With this design, the motor is completely modular. The rotor module can be added to lengthen the motor, which increases the slot of the coil module thereby increasing the motor output. This modular concept makes designing a novel motor much simpler.

The last item above does not apply to typical motors but is suitable for attempting to make these motors more efficient by using the back EMF to regenerate or supplement the input power.

The magneto-electric motor uses a novel approach that works well in its operation and is implemented in two different ways.

1. As mentioned elsewhere in this application, rotor resistance or back EMF is reduced by changing the magnetic flux orientation.

2. The collapse field energy is utilized when a coil is de-energized to supplement the input power to a different coil (preferably just opening one of the coils).

It should be understood that the magneto-electric motor operates to generate current when operating backwards.

Accordingly, a multiphase electric motor 30 includes a stator 32 including a plurality of coils 34, a rotor 36 mounted to a drive shaft 38, a power source 40 for charging the coils 34, and a control Mechanism 42 is used to control the charging of the coils 34 by the power source 40 (Figs. 1, 2).

In one embodiment, the stator 32 includes a plurality of coils 34 that are wound around a non-magnetizable core 44. The non-magnetizable core 44 can be made from any of a variety of materials including, but not limited to, plastic, whether a solid rod or a hollow tube. The coil core 44 is preferably circular in cross section such that the coil 34 itself is also circular. However, other shapes of the core 44 and the coil 34 are possible. In one embodiment, the coil wire is held in place by a series of radial knots that travel through the center of the core 44 and around the outside. Additionally, in one embodiment, the coil 34 is molded together with a resin such as fiberglass. The mold imparts a shape on the resin that complements the shape in which the coil 34 is attached to one of the mounting brackets 46 (see below). The coil 34 with the associated resin is then attached to the mounting bracket 46 using an adhesive or other attachment method.

In a typical configuration, the coil core 44 has a cross-sectional diameter of one inch. In addition, the coil wire is an elliptical copper wire in one embodiment and is wound around the core 44 about 300 times. The outer diameter of the coil 34 is 3 inches in this embodiment. However, other configurations are possible and are encompassed by the present invention.

The wire windings of the coils 34 have a uniform orientation wherein the windings are in a plane parallel to the plane of rotation of the rotor 36 when the coils 34 are mounted in the stator 32. When the coils 34 are disposed within the stator 32 and are electrically energized, the established magnetic field extends laterally from the stator 32 toward the adjacent rotors 36. The orientation is such that one side of the coil 34 is magnetically north (N) and the other side is magnetic south (S); this orientation can be changed by reversing the polarity of the input power. Each coil 34 is electrically energized by connecting the ends of the coil 34 to a suitable power source 40, as explained further below.

The coils 34 are held in place by a frame structure 47 (which in one embodiment is made of aluminum) within the stator 32. The frame includes a plurality of longitudinal strips of material 48 that extend parallel to the major axis of the drive shaft 38 (ie, parallel to the axis of rotation). In an embodiment, the strips of longitudinal material 48 have a series of notches 50 formed therein for positioning the coils 34 at the correct locations in the correct orientation.

The coils 34 are retained to a mounting bracket 46 which is then attached to the longitudinal strips 48 of the frame structure 47 (Figs. 4A, 4B). In one embodiment, the brackets 46 are slightly curved at the edges to properly match the longitudinal strips 48. The brackets 46 are preferably attached to the longitudinal strips 48 using reversible fasteners which make it easier to repair or replace the defective or damaged coils 34. In an embodiment, the longitudinal strips 48 have a series of threaded holes tapped therein for receiving screws or bolts for attaching the coil mounting bracket 46. The coils 34 are spaced along the longitudinal strips 48 to leave space between the longitudinal strips to accommodate the rotors 36. Each coil 34 is adjacent to a immediately adjacent rotor 36 in which a plurality of permanent magnets 52 are embedded. In addition to the frame structure 47 (where the structure 47 is at the periphery of the motor) for holding the coils 34 in place, the stator 32 is a vacuum space in one embodiment, as opposed to many other electric motors. This configuration allows for easier manufacturing and assembly.

Both ends of the longitudinal strips 48 of the support structure 47 are attached to the end plate 54 at either end of the motor 30. The end plates 54 also support the drive shaft 38, which in turn supports the rotors 36, thereby forming the overall structure of the motor 30. In an embodiment, the drive shaft 38 projects through and beyond one or both of the end plates 54 and is then coupled to one of the devices to be driven.

In a particular embodiment, the end plate 54 is 0.625 inches thick and 11.75 inches in diameter. Additionally, the end plate 54 can have a bearing retaining plate 56 (FIG. 1) mounted thereon for retaining the drive shaft 38. The bearing retaining plate 56 includes a two-and-a-half inch inner diameter and a One ring of four inches in outer diameter.

In an embodiment, the wire pins 58 from the respective coils 34 pass through the mounting bracket 46 (Fig. 2). In another embodiment, the longitudinal strips 48 have a channel 60 formed therein for the wires to pass through (Figs. 5A, 5B, 6). In this case, the wires exit the coils 34 from the sides and pass through a slot 62 formed in the long edge of the strip (Fig. 5A). In one embodiment, the sides of the coil mounting brackets 46 are made wide enough to cover the slots 62 (FIG. 6) adjacent the main passage 60. In another embodiment, a raised wire channel 64 is formed or attached to one side of the longitudinal strips 48, wherein the respective coils 34 are aligned in the sides of the channel 64 for use in such The wire passes through the hole (Figure 5B). In any of these latter embodiments, the wires pass through the longitudinal strip 48 to one or both ends of the motor where they are coupled to the power source 40 and the control mechanism 42.

A series of coils 34 mounted in a circular shape are referred to herein as a stator 32. In one embodiment, the electric motor 30 has four stators 32 and five rotors 36 such that each stator 32 has a rotor 36 on either side thereof, but the rotors 36 at either end of the motor are only There is a certain sub-32 on one side and none on the other side. Additionally, in some embodiments, the rotors 36 at either end of the motor 30 have a ferrous metal (e.g., steel) ring 66 extending along the outer perimeter of the rotor 36 atop the permanent magnets 52. (Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B). When the permanent magnets 52 are layered composites of magnet pieces and other sheets of material, the magnets are not included on the side of the rotor 36 to which the ring 66 is attached. The ring 66 improves the magnetic flux in the motor 30, creating a horseshoe effect and also eliminating any resistance that conductive material may experience at the end of the motor. In embodiments in which the ring 66 is omitted, the end plates 54 are preferably made of a non-conductive material such as a phenolic resin or some other type of resin.

The wire gauge, the length of the coil windings, the number of turns, and the type of core material used each change the characteristics of the motor 30. In addition, the shape of the core 44 material and the shape of the permanent magnets 52 can also change the manner in which the motor 30 is stopped. Several possible core 44 structure types and some effects of the core 44 structure on the properties of the coil 34 are listed below (Figures 8A, 8B, 8C).

In one configuration, a wire winding coil 34 has a solid laminated core 44 (Fig. 8A). This configuration has high inductance and significant hysteresis loss, and the magnetic flux is concentrated in the core.

In another configuration, a wire winding coil 34 (Fig. 8B) having a hollow core 44 is provided. This configuration has medium inductance, medium hysteresis loss and magnetic Flux is concentrated in the core 44. An example of this configuration is a wire wound around a coil having a hollow iron core.

In another configuration, a wire winding core 34 having one of the air cores 44 is provided (Fig. 8C). This configuration has low inductance, no hysteresis loss, and the magnetic flux is more evenly distributed across the entire pole face.

In addition, the wires are used as a laminate layer rather than as a typical flat laminate layer. In addition, the wires can be of any shape, including round, pie or hollow laminated tubes. For high rotational speeds (in RPM), a high efficiency air core should be optimal, while a laminated core can be preferred for higher torques where high RPM and efficiency are not an issue.

The rotor 36 is made of phenolic resin in one embodiment, although other types of resins may be used. In another embodiment, the rotor 36 is made of aluminum. In either case, the rotor 36 is fixedly attached to a drive shaft 38 in one embodiment to transfer the power of the motor 30 to a driven component. The rotor 36 is essentially a flat circular dish in which a series of apertures are formed for receiving the permanent magnets or stationary magnets 52.

The motor 30 can be fabricated in a modular fashion such that any variable number of rotors 36 and stators 32 (generally one more rotor than the number of stators) can be assembled into a single motor 30 to provide any size And one of the power motors 30 can be made from a limited number of basic components. In order to modularize the motor 30 while still maintaining the correct rotor to rotor spacing, the rotor 36 in one embodiment has a hollow spacer 68 (Fig. 9B) projecting from one side of the center. In an embodiment, the spacer 68 is steel. The rotor 36 (which in one embodiment is aluminum) and the attached spacer 68 have a hole in the center to receive the drive shaft 38 and also have a slot 70 in the bore to accommodate A ridge 72 protrudes from the drive shaft 38, wherein the ridge 72 and the slot 70 are complementary in shape to each other. The combination of the ridge 72 and the slot 70 facilitates the transfer of power from the rotors 36 to the drive shaft 38 without any sliding relative to the drive shaft 38. Alternatively, the ridge 72 can be on the inside of the opening of the rotor 36, whereby the slot 70 is formed in the drive shaft 38 (Fig. 20).

In a particular embodiment, the rotor 36 is 1.5 inches thick and 9 inches in diameter. The steel spacer 68 has a diameter of 3 inches and protrudes 2.7 inches from the face of the rotor 36. The diameter of the drive shaft 38 is approximately 1.5 inches, and the diameter of the bore in the rotor 36 and the spacer 68 for receiving the shaft is also the same. The spacer 68 is attached to the rotor 36 in four embodiments using four 0.25 inch bolts, although other methods of combining the two portions are contemplated within the present invention (Fig. 9A).

In one embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 comprise a composite of two rare earth permanent magnets 52A with a steel rod 52B therebetween. The composite structure is in one embodiment a total system cylinder and has a diameter of one inch and one length of 1.5 inches (Fig. 9C). The permanent magnets 52A are both 0.25 inches thick in this embodiment and the steel rods 52B are 1 inch thick. In one embodiment, the magnets 52A and steel rods 52B are attached to each other and attached to the rotor 36 using an adhesive.

There are eight composite permanent magnets 52 in this embodiment, wherein the permanent magnets 52 are equally spaced around the rotor 36 and approach the edge. Eight one inch diameter holes are formed in the rotor 36 and are approximately 0.125 inches from the edge of the rotor 36. In this embodiment and in general, the permanent magnets 52 are configured such that the polarity alternates between a magnetic north pole and a magnetic south pole that are directed to one side or the other side of the rotor. To achieve this alternating configuration of the rotor 36 continuously, it is preferred that there is typically an even number of permanent magnets or composites thereof.

The distance between adjacent permanent magnets 52 on the rotor 36 is in one embodiment approximately equal to the distance between adjacent rotors 36 (Fig. 10), although the distance between adjacent permanent magnets 52 can sometimes be greater than the rotor to rotor. spacing. In one embodiment, the equidistance is about 2.5 inches. In general, as the distance between adjacent permanent magnets 52 on a given rotor 36 decreases, the back EMF also decreases. In addition, in general, the back EMF, rpm, and torque vary as a function of the rotor-to-rotor spacing and the space between the permanent magnets 52 in the rotors 36.

The control mechanism 42 includes, in one embodiment, a circuit 74 coupled to a position sensor 80, wherein the circuit 74 is coupled to the coils 34 and the power source 40. In another embodiment, the control mechanism 42 also includes a microprocessor 43 as described further below. An example of a circuit 74 for controlling one of the embodiments of the motor 30 is shown in FIG. This circuit 74 (which is used for a six-coil three-phase motor having eight permanent magnets 52) uses a single power source 40. Switch 78 operates as a double pole double throw switch. These switches 78 are controlled by a position sensor 80 associated with the rotor 36 or drive shaft 38, as further described below. The coils 1 and 4, 2 and 5 and 3 and 6 are on opposite sides of the diameter of the stator 32 and are normally in a state opposite to each other, that is, when the coil 1 is open, the coil 4 is closed and when the coil 4 is open, Coil 1 is off. In this particular embodiment, the diode 82 controls the direction of current flow in the circuit 74 such that the collapse field energy from a particular coil assists in charging the opposite diameter of the partner coil.

Figure 12 shows another embodiment of a circuit 74 for controlling the motor 30 of the present invention that uses more than half of the switches 78 of the prior circuit. In this alternative configuration, there are two power supplies 40, which simplifies the construction of the system. This circuit 74 is preferably used in a "push-only" motor because the circuit does not immediately provide the polarity for switching the power supplied to a particular coil 34 during cycling and is therefore not provided for switching the coils. The magnetic polarity of 34. In addition, a diode 82 is placed between the pair of coils 34 to direct collapse field energy between the coils 34. Moreover, the switches 78 are controlled by the position sensor 80 as described further below.

Figure 13 shows the general requirements of a position sensor 80 (specifically a magnetically controlled position sensor 80) for a motor of a six-coil three-phase eight permanent magnet 52 of the present invention. The position sensor 80 in one embodiment includes a control wheel 84 attached to the drive shaft 38 such that the control wheel 84 tracks the movement of the drive shaft 38, which tracks the position of the rotor 36. Various methods can be used to track the position of the control wheel 84, including a magnetic strip 86 having a magnetic sensor 88 or sensor mounted around the periphery of the wheel 84 to detect the presence or absence of the magnetic strip 86. As shown in FIG. 13, by having the magnetic sensor 88 separated by fifteen degrees and adjacent to the control wheel 84 and by causing the magnetic strips 86 to extend 1/8 of one of the turns of the wheel 84, this has the correct The effect of energizing each of the magnetic sensors 88 to supply the energy to the coils 34 in sequence and for an appropriate duration is discussed further below.

For a motor 30 having one of the eight permanent magnets 52, the preferred turn-on time for a given coil 34 is approximately equal to 1/8 or 45 degrees of one turn of the rotor 36. Thus, the magnetic strips 86 that activate the coils 34 on the position sensor 80 extend 1/8 of one of the turns of the control wheel 84. The control wheel 84 is fixedly attached to the rotors 36 or drive shafts 38 such that rotation of the rotors 36 and drive shafts 38 rotates the control wheels 84 (see Figure 1). To maintain proper phase, the magnetic sensors 88 are spaced 15 degrees apart along the control wheel to continuously open the coils and close one of the pair of coils when the other coil of the same pair of coils is open. In this embodiment, the coils 1 to 3 are supplied with energy having a polarity opposite to that of the coils 4 to 6. Similarly, coils 1, 2, and 3 are energized and de-energized at times opposite coils 4, 5, and 6, respectively.

The general principles of this embodiment with six coils, three phases, and eight permanent magnets as described above can be extended to any number of phases greater than two, any even number of permanent magnets, and any number of coils. Although it is preferred to have an even number of coils to more easily accommodate the transfer of collapse field energy from one coil to another, it is also possible to design a motor having an odd number of coils using the principles discussed herein.

Increasing the number of coils 34 and the number of phases in the motor 30 also increases the complexity and cost of manufacturing the motor 30, particularly the electronics that drive the coils 34. On the other hand, having a larger number of coils 34 and phase will increase the efficiency of the motor 30 because it is easier to perform the collapse field energy from one coil to the other at the correct point in the charging cycle of each coil. Diversion. In one embodiment, a four phase motor having eight coils and eighteen permanent magnets represents a good compromise between manufacturing cost and motor performance.

Another factor that has a major impact on motor performance is "back EMF." The back EMF occurs in the electric motor due to the relative motion between the magnets on the rotor and the windings on the stator. The constant varying magnetic flux in the region between the coils of the motor causes an EMF against the rotation of the rotor, which is referred to as "back EMF." There may also be voltages induced in any of the electrically conductive materials in the rotor, and therefore it is preferred that the rotor be made of a non-conductive material. However, in one embodiment aluminum is used to make a rotor with a limited negative effect.

In conventional motors, the total torque is determined by the amount of steel and the amount of copper in the rotor and stator of the motor. Balance must be made to match copper and steel for optimum efficiency. However, in the motor of the present invention, there is no strict requirement for the steel component in the rotor or stator. The total torque is determined by the total magnetic flux in the permanent magnets 52 and the field produced by the currents in the coils 34. The magnetic flux in the coils 34 is a function of the amperage of the current through the coils 34 multiplied by the number of turns of the wires surrounding the coils 34.

The additional effect of the average magnetic flux density between the permanent magnets 52 in the rotor 36 and the average magnetic flux between the rotors 36 also affects the torque in the currently described motor 30. The back EMF occurs only when the magnetic flux passes through a wire that is perpendicular to one of the magnetic fluxes. However, in the rotors 36 of the currently described motor 30, the magnetic flux between the permanent magnets 52 is parallel to the windings; therefore, there is no anti-generation caused by the movement of the rotor 36 along the lines of magnetic flux. EMF. The magnetic flux lines extending between the permanent magnets 52 adjacent the rotor 36 are perpendicular to the windings (Fig. 10), thus causing back EMF as the rotor 36 rotates. Since the total available power is the combined magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 52 and the magnetic flux of the coils 34, the distance between the coils 34 and the permanent magnets 52 also begins to take effect according to the Biot-Savart rule. Note that the respective sizes of both the coil 34 and the permanent magnets 52 increase the total magnetic flux available, as the number of coils 34 and permanent magnets 52 increases by the total magnetic flux.

In a motor having a fixed diameter and a fixed coil and permanent magnet size, the average magnetic flux density is also fixed. However, adding more permanent magnets to the motor not only increases the total magnetic flux in the rotor, but also increases the average magnetic flux density between the permanent magnets in the rotor. The total magnetic flux from the rotor to the rotor also increases, but the space remains constant so the average magnetic flux density remains fairly constant. The stronger the average magnetic flux density between the permanent magnets in the rotor, the lower the back EMF, since the magnetic flux lines are parallel to the windings. Because of this extremely low back EMF, the replacement current is high at low rotational speeds (in RPM), and the current in these cases is actually due to the complex magnetic flux lines within the rotor and from the rotor to the rotor. low. The current is limited in a manner analogous to how one field effect transistor controls the current through the transistor because the current is controlled by the resistance of the coil. The motor of the present invention is similar to a field effect transistor because the magnetic flux in the rotors is controlled by a relatively small current in the stator windings. The end result is that the motor does not have an inrush current or peak current and can operate at very high rotational speeds (in RPM) because the motor does not have magnetic metal. In addition, the motor has an extremely high torque because of the high total magnetic flux available.

A magnetic flux line 90 of a typical motor 30 as described herein is shown schematically in FIG. In addition, Figures 14A and 14B show the results of a direct evaluation of one of the magnetic flux lines 90 in a motor 30 as described herein, which is determined based on the distribution of metal filings relative to the motor components. As can be seen, the primary flux lines 90 are between the permanent magnets 52 of the rotors 36, between the permanent magnets 52 of the individual rotors 36, and between the permanent magnets 52 of the same rotor 36. In space.

In one embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 are rare earth magnets. As described above, in another embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 are a composite structure comprising two permanent magnets 52A (preferably rare earth magnets) with another material 52B sandwiched therein. In a preferred embodiment, the two magnets 52A are approximately the same thickness. The magnet pieces 52A are oriented such that the south magnetic pole faces outward on one side of the interlayer and the north magnetic pole faces outward on the other side of the interlayer. In one embodiment, the intermediate material 52B between the permanent magnets 52A is a non-magnetic material (such as iron or steel), and generally the material 52B is preferably capable of having a magnetic flux density in the permanent magnets 52A. High magnetic permeability. In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 (whether a single piece or a composite) are circular in cross section and generally cylindrical in shape, but other cross-sectional shapes are also possible.

The permanent (or sometimes referred to as fixed) magnets 52 of an electric motor interact with the electromagnets of alternating polarity to alternately push or pull the rotor 36 toward or away from the permanent as the rotor 36 rotates. Magnet 52. Preferably, the permanent magnets 52 have a high magnetic flux density, such as 12,000 Gauss.

As mentioned previously, the role of the rare earth magnet is particularly good for this purpose. When the distance between the north magnetic pole and the south magnetic pole increases, the field strength further extends from the pole surface as shown in FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C. The increased field strength in turn increases the power of the motor 30. However, due to the high cost of rare earth magnets, the price of a motor having one of these large permanent magnets can be made surprisingly expensive. Thus, an alternative mechanism is shown in Figure 15D to produce an approximate field strength. As described above, in Fig. 15D, a piece of non-magnetic material 52B is interposed between the two rare earth magnets 52A to produce the rare earth magnet material having a similar magnetic flux length and a small portion, and thus the cost is only a small portion. One unit. In one embodiment, the non-magnetized material 52B is a metal such as iron or an iron-containing alloy such as a steel block. In another embodiment, the material 52B is nickel cobalt. In general, the intermediate fill material 52B should be capable of having a high magnetic permeability in the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnets 52A. It is meaningless that although the magnetic flux density of the sandwich magnet unit described above will be the same as that of a complete magnet having the same size, the forced strength of the sandwich unit is slightly lower than that of the complete magnet. Finally, since the main motivation for providing composite permanent magnets rather than the entire magnet is to save money, the cost of the entire magnet in practice should balance the cost of assembling the composite magnet assemblies.

The rotor 36 and stator 32 can vary in size relative to one another. In one embodiment, the stator 32 has a larger diameter than the rotor 36, allowing the rotor 36 to be within the motor 30 and the structural support for holding the coils 34 of the stator 32 is in the At the periphery of the motor 30.

Similarly, the permanent magnets 52 and the electromagnetic coils 34 may have different diameters or the same diameter from each other. However, regardless of the diameters, in a preferred embodiment, the centers of the permanent magnets 52 and the electromagnetic coils 34 are aligned with one another at the same radial distance from the center of the drive shaft 38 such that the respective components The equal magnetic field is in optimal alignment.

In one embodiment, the permanent magnets (or composites as described above) are the same thickness as the rotor such that the same magnets are outwardly on opposite sides of the rotor, the south magnetic poles are outwardly on one side and the The north pole is outward on the other side.

The power source 40 is preferably any conventional type of direct current (DC) power source that can supply 30 amps per coil at 48 volts. However, voltage and amperage vary depending on the speed (in RPM) and torque. Speed (in RPM) is dependent on voltage and torque is dependent on amperage. In general, the power source 40 should be matched to the wire gauge used to wire the coils 34. For example, if the coils 34 are wound with a ten gauge wire rated at thirty amps, the power source 40 must be capable of delivering thirty amps of current for each of the coils 34 acting at a given time. Thus, if the motor has six coils 34 (all of which can simultaneously supply energy), then one may provide a power source 40 that provides one hundred amps of current. In one embodiment, the power source 40 is a twelve volt automotive battery, but other types of power sources 40 that provide a sufficient number of amps at a given direct current (DC) voltage can also be used. In general, the power source 40 should match the size and power of the motor 30, the smaller motor 30 requires a smaller power source 40 and the larger motor 30 requires a larger power source 40.

The control mechanism 42 can be any type that can quickly switch power between the coils 34 in proper sequence as the rotors 36 rotate. The control mechanism 42 includes a position sensor 80 that uses various position sensing mechanisms to track the position of the rotors 36, including brushes and physical or optical switches coupled to the drive shaft, as cited for all purposes. U.S. Patent No. 4,358,693, incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, a magnetic sensor 88 and a magnetic strip 86 as described above can also be used. Regardless of the type of position sensing mechanism used, it is preferred that the mechanism be coupled to the movement of the rotors 36 to track the position of the rotors such that charging of the coils 34 can be properly coordinated with the movement of the rotors 36. . As described above, in one embodiment, there is a control wheel 84 that is fixedly attached to the drive shaft 38, wherein the position sensing mechanism is associated with the control wheel 84.

In summary, any mechanism that can track the position of the rotor and feed back this information to a control circuit (which will supply energy to the coils accordingly) can be used with the motor of the present invention: brush/commutator; light perception Detector; magnetic sensor; cam driven switch; inductive sensor; and laser sensor. Thus, switches, brushes, photovoltaic cells, or other suitable switching members that are equidistantly configured can be used, and the operation of such components is controlled by suitable blades or elements of optical channels or other sequencing components.

One of the control mechanisms 40 is preferably characterized in that it transfers power from the one of the discharge coils 34 of the motor 30 to the other coil 34 that is being charged. When a multi-phase motor 30 undergoes its cycle, the respective coils 34 are charged and discharged according to the phase of the motor cycle and the relative positions of the coils and the permanent magnets 52.

For example, when the south pole of an electromagnetic coil 34 moves toward the north pole of a permanent magnet 52, there is a gravitational force between the electromagnetic coil 34 and the permanent magnet 52, which generates a rotational torque in the motor 30. . However, when the two magnetic units 34, 52 are aligned, the torque generating force is terminated and the attraction between the magnets becomes a resistance on the motor 30. To avoid this, the electromagnetic charge on the coil 34 is released at or before the point at which the electromagnetic coil 34 is aligned with the permanent magnet 52.

The charge on the coil 34 is released by switching off the power to the coil 34. Cutting off the power to the coil 34 causes the electromagnetic field to collapse. Most of the energy released when the field collapses can be retrieved and used to help charge another coil 34 in the motor 30 (preferably one of the points just in its charging cycle). In some motors, a large amount of energy is lost due to the inability to capture and utilize the collapsed field energy and thus dissipated thermally. In addition, the release of energy associated with the collapse field generates heat that must be dissipated such that the motor does not overheat, which heat can particularly damage the controller. Thus, to improve efficiency and reduce heat buildup, the collapse field energy is transferred to a second coil in one embodiment to provide energy to charge the second coil (Fig. 16).

In one embodiment, the collapse field energy from a coil 34 is fed to another coil 34 using a circuit 74, such as the one shown in FIG. In the motor system, the circuit 74 shown in Figure 16 uses the voltage generated by the collapsed magnetic field in a first coil to provide a voltage to establish a current in a second coil. This redistribution system increases efficiency in the motor and reduces the amount of heat that is converted into heat associated with the crash field. In this embodiment, the power source 40 (e.g., a battery) charges the coil A1 when the switch 78 (which can be a transistor or other suitable switching device) is closed. When the switch 78 is opened, the collapsed field from the coil A1 supplies energy to the coil A2. However, due to power loss, coil A2 may not be fully charged as coil A1; therefore, as for coil A1, several coils may be charged in parallel, and then the total collapse of two or more A1 coils from these may be collapsed The field charge is fed into coil A2 to give coil A2 equal to one of the complete charges that a single coil A1 receives from the power source 40.

Another embodiment of a circuit 74 shown in Figure 17 is similar to the circuit shown in Figure 16, but in this case coil A2 also has the first power source attached to coil A2, directly attached to coil A1. 40 separates one of the additional power supplies 40. If the switches a1 and a2 are alternately opened and closed (always in a configuration opposite each other, ie a1 is open when a2 is closed, and vice versa), then the crash field from the coil that has just been disconnected from its respective power source will Help to charge another coil. As in the prior circuit, a diode 82 or other similar device is inserted into the lines to direct the current in a forward direction only. In some embodiments, for example, for a "push-pull" type motor configuration, it is necessary to simultaneously close both switches a1 and a2 in an instant during the transition period to avoid being attributed to the powerful collapse field charge. The spark that traverses the switch. In Figures 16 and 17, the coils are always charged with the same polarity each time they are turned on, i.e., a so-called "push-pull" configuration.

Finally, Figure 18 shows another configuration of circuit 74, which is similar to one of the circuits of Figure 17, in which both coils A1 and A2 can utilize the same power source 40 while also allowing the collapsed field from one coil to be fed to the other coil. Helps supply energy to another coil. In the motor 30 of the present invention, this principle can be extended to any number of coils present in the circuit to allow a motor 30 to be powered by a single power source 40. Additionally, the transistors or other switches 78 are coupled to a position sensor 80 that is coupled to the movement of the rotor 36 such that the opening and relationship of the coils 34 cooperate with the action of the rotor 36.

In a particular embodiment, there are four coils A through D (Fig. 19) that produce cascaded circuit 74. The power source 40 supplies energy to the coil A; when the coil A releases the energy supply, the collapse field from the coil A supplies energy to the coil B; then the collapse field from the coil B supplies energy to the coil C; and finally the collapse field supply from the coil C Energy is given to coil D. The collapse field from coil D can then be fed back into coil A to complete the cycle. Each subsequent pulse may be weak due to loss of resistance at each step. However, an input circuit from the power source 40 can be established to replace such losses such that the charging pulses of the individual coils are strong enough to fully charge the coil.

To ensure that current flows between the coils in the correct direction, the diodes 82 are inserted in series with the lines to prevent backflow (Figure 19). Instead of the depicted diodes 82, any switches or devices that properly direct the crash field to another coil may be used. This ensures that the crash field energy typically flows "forward" in the loop to the next diode rather than "backward" to a previous coil.

One embodiment of the principle of feeding the crash field energy into other coils of the motor is shown as a three phase motor, such as the three phase motor depicted in this side view of FIG. In this embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 are attached to the rotors 36 and the electromagnetic coils 34 are mounted to the stators 32 (Fig. 20). In Fig. 20, a rotor 36 and a stator 32 are shown overlapping each other to show the relationship between the two components. The six coils are shown in dashed lines and are labeled A through C, and there are two oppositely disposed coils of each phase, namely two phase A coils, two phase B coils, and two phase C coils. The permanent magnets 52 of the rotor 36 are oriented with their poles (labeled N or S) facing the stator 32, wherein the adjacent permanent magnets 52 are oriented in opposite directions such that the permanent magnets surround the rotor 36 Alternating polarity (Figure 20). For the sake of brevity, a single stator 32 and two adjacent rotors 36 are shown, but in principle a plurality of adjacent rotors 36 and stators 32 can be assembled to produce even greater power.

21A-21E progressively show how the coils of a three-phase motor are energized and indicate how the collapsed field from a first coil is fed into the second coil when a second coil is energized. In Figure 21A, the phase A coils are in the process of switching and the phases B and C coils are energized. At this point, the collapsed fields from the phase A coils can be fed into either or both of the phase B and C coils. In Figure 21B, the coils of all three phases A to C are energized. In Fig. 21C, the phases A and B coils are supplied with energy and the phase C coils are in the process of switching. At this point, the collapsed fields from the phase C coils can be fed into either or both of the phase A and B coils. In Figure 21D, the coils of all three phases A to C are again energized. Finally, in Figure 21E, the phases A and C coils are energized and the phase B coils are switched. At this point, the collapsed fields from the phase B coils can be fed into either or both of the phase A and C coils.

While the above example shows for a three phase motor, these principles are in fact applicable to motors having two or more arbitrary phases.

The electric motor 30 described herein is preferably controlled as a multi-phase motor. To produce a multi-phase motor 30, there are coils 34 at various points around the stator 32. These coils 34 are opened in a particularly continuous mode, which in some cases involves inverting the polarity of the charge at various stages to reverse the magnetic polarity. In a preferred embodiment, there are matching pairs of coils 34 on opposite sides of the stator 32 that are energized together at the same point in the motor cycle, i.e., they are in phase with each other. For example, in a three-phase motor, there are preferably six coils, wherein the pairs of coils on opposite sides of the equal diameter of the stator (180 degrees apart) can be energized together. However, each phase may include more coils, for example three coils may be grouped into each phase, which may require a total of nine coils for a three phase motor. In this case, the coils belonging to a given phase can be equally spaced apart by 120 degrees around the stator. Although the concepts disclosed herein can be used to construct a motor having two or more phases, in a preferred embodiment the motor has three or more phases to more easily accommodate the transmission of the power from a discharge coil to A charging coil.

In an embodiment referred to as a "push-only" motor, each time the coil 34 is energized with the same polarity, it means that the magnetic polarity is the same each time the coil 34 is energized. In another embodiment, the polarity and thus the polarity of the magnetic polarity are reversed each time the coil is energized. In the latter embodiment, which is sometimes referred to herein as a "push-pull" embodiment, the motor can generate more power because each coil acts twice as often, pulling a nearby magnet toward the coil or pushing a nearby magnet away. The coil. However, the motor operates normally regardless of whether the coils have a uniform polarity or a reverse polarity.

The number of permanent magnets on the rotors determines the continuous rotation fraction of the rotor for each phase. For example, if there are eight permanent magnets distributed around the rotor, each phase lasts one eighth of a revolution, corresponding to a 45 degree rotation. Similarly, when there are ten permanent magnets, each phase continues for a 1/10 or 36 degree rotation of the rotation, and when there are twelve permanent magnets, each phase is a 30 degree rotation.

22A, 22B and 22C show a linear representation of the relationship between the permanent magnets 52 and the electromagnetic coils 34 in a three-phase motor 30 having six coils 34 and eight permanent magnets 52. The illustration is a section along one of the circular lines traveling through the center of each of the coils 34 and the permanent magnets 52. The permanent magnets 52 are attached to the rotors 36 and the coils 34 are attached to the stators 32. The illustration shows that the two rotors 36 are adjacent to the stator 32, but the basic principle can be extended to any number of rotors and stators. However, it is preferred that the rotors 36 are the last elements that are placed at either end of one of the rotor and stator stacks.

As shown in Figures 22A, 22B, and 22C, the permanent magnets 52 are configured to have alternating polarities. In a preferred embodiment, the motor 30 has an even number of permanent magnets 52 such that the polarities of the permanent magnets 52 alternate continuously around the rotor 36. In the depicted embodiment, the coils 34 are energized with only a single polarity such that the coil 34 is energized with or without energy. In the illustrated embodiment, the pairs of coils 34 (which are in the same phase but on opposite sides of the stator) are energized with opposite polarities such that the magnetic polarities are reversed relative to each other. turn.

Figure 23 shows a timing diagram of a motor 30, such as the motor shown in the linear representation of Figures 22A, 22B, and 22C. At the top of the figure there is a digit line which is distinguished by a fifteen degree increment corresponding to the rotation cycle of the rotors 36. Thus, the lines associated with the various phases under this digit line show how the phases relate to that location of the rotor 36. At each phase, the matching opposing coils 34 are opened or closed in pairs, wherein the pair of coils 34 have relative polarity and magnetic polarity. For example, when the coil 1 is opened with its magnetic north pole facing a first direction, the oppositely disposed coil 4 is closed. Later, when the coil 4 is opened with its magnetic south pole facing the first direction, the oppositely disposed coil 1 is closed. As stated above, this motor is sometimes referred to as a "push-only" motor because the coils in the embodiment depicted herein always have the same polarity when they are energized. Below the phase diagram at the top of Figure 23, there is shown a side view of a rotor 36 and a stator 32 that overlap each other, such as the species depicted in the phase diagram. This side view of the motor 30 shows how the positions of the permanent magnets 52 relate to the positions of the coils 34.

Figures 24 and 25 show a phase diagram and a side view of one of the motors 30 having eighteen permanent magnets 52 in the rotor 36 and having eight coils in the stator 32. Likewise, the coils 34 always have the same polarity when energized such that the motor 30 has a "push-only" change. In addition, as with another phase diagram, when the line representing a particular phase is high, the first coil of one of the paired coils is open and the second coil is closed, and when the line representing a particular phase is low, the first A coil is closed and the second coil is opened and has an polarity opposite to the former and a magnetic polarity.

In the two cases described above, when a particular pair of coils transitions between supplied or unapplied energy, energy from the closed coil is fed into the coil that is opened, such that from one This collapsed field energy of the coil can be drawn rather than simply dissipated.

It is possible to have a motor (such as described above) by alternately switching the polarity of the power supplied to the coils at the transition indicated in the phase diagram instead of simply switching one coil on and the other coil off. Any of these motors) is converted to a "push-pull" mode.

In the case of a push-pull configuration, the collapsed field energy from each pair of coils is transmitted to a different set of coils in the stator, ie a set of coils in a different phase. However, in the latter push-pull case, the coils in the other phases can be charged when the crash field energy is fed thereto, thus helping to charge the other coils, which can help maintain the charge. .

In one embodiment, the control mechanism 42 of the motor 30 includes a programmable microprocessor 43 (FIG. 1) for controlling the charging and discharging of the coils 34. The microprocessor 43 receives input from the position sensor 80 and controls the switches 78 in the circuits 74. Many additional special features can be added to the motor 30 by the enhanced control provided by the microprocessor 43.

In an embodiment, the motor 30 can operate with less than all of the operable coils 34. For example, on a motor having a plurality of stators 32, the individual stators 32 can be opened or closed, thus allowing the motor to produce variable power levels as needed. If, for example, each stator 32 produces 100 horsepower (hp) and there are five stators 32, the motor can produce 100 hp, 200 hp, 300 hp, 400 hp, or 500 hp depending on how many stators 32 are activated. Additionally, any combination of stators 32 can be activated at a given time, without the need for such stators 32 to be adjacent to each other.

In another embodiment, a further degree of control can be achieved by activating groups of coils 34 from different stators 32 when the other coils 34 are inactive. For example, on a three-phase motor 30 having three stators 32, a pair of coils 34 can be activated on the first stator 32, another pair of coils can be activated on the second stator 32, and Another pair of coils is activated on the three stators 32. However, for this purpose, it is necessary to activate the relatively centered coils 34 on the same stator 32 and each of the pair of coils 34 from a different phase of the motor cycle, meaning that the coils surround the circumference of the motor, etc. Distance distribution.

When a particular stator 32 or even one of the individual coils 32 is inactive, the inactive coils 34 can be removed for repair or replacement, even when the motor 30 continues to operate.

The position of the coil relative to the permanent magnets 52 shown in Figures 2A-3D and 7A through 7D can be optimized for maximum performance, as shown in Figure 26. In Figure 26, the width W of a single permanent magnet 52 must be less than or equal to the distance A between the pairs of adjacent magnets (preferably equal). The length L of a single permanent magnet 52 must be greater than or equal to the distance A (preferably greater than) between adjacent pairs of magnets. The distance B between the pair of permanent magnets 52 is preferably less than or equal to the distance A between adjacent pairs of magnets. The distance of the coil opening C must be greater than or equal to the width W (preferably equal to) of a single permanent magnet. The height HM of a single permanent magnet 52 must be greater than or equal to the height HC of the core 44. It should be noted that if such optimization rules are not followed, there is a loss of efficiency of the motor of the present invention, but not necessarily a functional loss. However, by observing these design rules, a surprisingly high level of motor efficiency for generating current has been achieved.

Further, according to Fig. 27, a modular motor control displays the motor for controlling the present invention. In order to achieve a high level of motor efficiency (greater than 100%), there is a problem that the permanent magnets 52 may be demagnetized. In order to avoid uncoupling the permanent magnets 52, a modular motor control system is preferred. The energy provided by the permanent magnets 52 can be optimized by using appropriate motor control (including timing). In FIG. 27, the position sensor 100 provides information to the positioning logic 102. Positioning logic 102 provides rotor direction (forward/reverse). It should be noted that the rotor of the motor of the present invention can generate electric power in one direction, and Movement in the other direction produces power. The position sensor 100 and the positioning logic 102 are only needed for positioning the motor for such motors where the precise position measurement is critical. Additionally, a coil provides information to the polarity timing logic 106 to the magnet timing sensor or rotational position sensor 104. By means of a number of inputs, polarity timing logic 106, rotor direction logic 108, throttle control 110 (only required for variable speed control), pulse width modulation 112 (which may be replaced by full speed control but with a loss of efficiency), protection logic 132 The logic and control system module 114 controls the operation of the motor (such as having protection against temperature, current, voltage, speed, etc.).

27 also shows coil driver power blocks 120, 122, 128, and 130 and a coil 126, and a capture and storage circuit 124 for extracting energy from the collapsed magnetic field. It is important that the coil driver power blocks start two at a time, 120 and 130 or 122 and 128. Coil driver power blocks 122 and 128 have a polarity and coil driver power blocks 120 and 130 have relative polarities. If these coil driver power block groups are simultaneously activated, a catastrophic failure or coil driver power block short circuit will occur. It should be noted that the coils can be operated separately, in series or in parallel. Groups (if used) should be set to the same motor phase. The low coil driver power blocks A, 122 and the low coil driver power blocks B, 130 each have a high power connection to the ground. The higher coil driver power blocks B, 120 and the higher coil driver power blocks A, 128 each have a high power connection to one of the positive voltages. Additionally, throttling control 110 and pulse width modulation 112 can be combined or integrated therein.

Regarding the conventional PWM (pulse width modulation), the conventional PM changes the "on" time. The magnetoelectronic PWM of the present invention is based on a number of pulses and signals that are "added" digitally, as shown in FIG. The signals that are added together contain the following signals:

Signal 1-PWM signal. The digital PWM signal having a clock frequency and a duty cycle is 1) arbitrarily in the form of one of the performance limiters or 2) based on the natural response resonant frequency of the (equal) motor coil at a certain optimum frequency . Note that the clock frequency can be varied as needed at different loads, different RPMs, the position of the coil relative to the magnet, or based on any other position or performance parameter. It should also be noted that the duty cycle of the PWM signal can also be changed based on the same parameters described in this signal 1, except that the switching time variation is optimized based on the magnetic field settling time (for the on time) and the magnetic field collapse time (for the downtime). Outside. Furthermore, it should be noted that the PWM clock frequency and duty cycle are not optimized based on the complete or complete collapse of the magnetic field within the coil. The best performance can be set by setting the PWM frequency and the on/off portion of the duty cycle for an optimum percentage of the full saturation of the magnetic field within the coil and a certain optimal residual field, before the field completely collapses, This threshold of the duty cycle is achieved by setting an optimum lower limit of the remaining percentage of the overall saturation field level.

Signal 2 - Timing and Polarity Start/Stop Pulse. The timing and polarity pulses (referred to herein as the polarity pulses) are summed with the PWM. These signals control the start time, stop time, and polarity of the signals that are controlled based on timing issues and the requirements discussed elsewhere to control the high power FETs, IGBTs, or similar to controlling the high power output during the power cycle. Polarity, open point and close point. It should be noted that the optimal stop time for these timing and polarity pulses may not coincide with the polarity reversal point. The optimal stop time can be before the polarity reversal point. In the actual test, the optimal stop time is 2/3 of the polarity switching timing.

Signal 3-throttle signal. This throttle signal is added to other signals. The throttling can be handled in a number of ways: 1) the start time can be combined with the start of the polarity timing signal to stop at a certain time or a percentage of the length of the previously described timing pulse, 2) the throttling signal can be a conventional PWM signal, 3) the throttling may be any other digital signal that does not cause all of the PWM pulses to contact the high power polarity switching components and portions of the circuit after being added to other signals, and 4) Throttle can vary with voltage or current.

Signal 4 - Protect the signal. The protection signals are added to other signals and are designed to allow the device to be powered only when the protection sensors, software or other suitable software or hardware security algorithms are triggered. A normal protection signal can be included in a current sensor on one or more portions of the drive circuit or coil, a temperature sensor on one or more portions of the drive circuit or coil, or in or on the electromagnetic device Other suitable safety measures implemented within the device in which the electromagnetic device is mounted or environment surrounds the device.

The magnetoelectronic PWM cuts and opens the coil. When turned off, the coil is in a stop position, and when open, the coil is moving. The cutting and spacing of the magnets maximizes operational efficiency from the energy of the collapse field. When the coil is exactly between a pair of magnets, there is maximum repulsion, maximum torque and no current. In a conventional permanent magnet motor, there is no complete magnetic circuit between the magnet and the rotor and the back emf limits the torque. The present invention provides a complete magnetic circuit with the motor off, and the movement does not necessarily limit the travel current. The motor of the present invention is open, there is an interruption, and the back emf is stored and used to generate more torque. When the coil travels to the next magnetic pair, once the coil passes 2/3 of the pair, the collapse field is completely reduced and no power is generated. This is the time when the motor is turned off.

Figure 28 shows a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment in which a coil driver power block (shown as 120 in its entirety) is coupled to a capture circuit (shown as 124 in its entirety).

As shown in Figure 28, in the best mode, FET U21 has an internal parallel diode. U13 is a plug diode that is attached to the high coil power block 120, 128 of the polarity 103 shown above. In the lower coil power block (122, 130), the blocking diode U12 is attached below the power block of the polarity 105 shown above. The D1 system protects the diode. It should be noted that the selection of these particular components for blocking the diode and protecting the diode is critical. The blocking diode U13 must be capable of handling all of the current and voltage of the coil power blocks 120, 122, 128, 130. The protection diode D1 must be high speed and have lower forward resistance compared to the internal protection diode of the FET, and must handle all voltages of the coil power blocks 120, 122, 128, 130 . The dipoles U5, U6, U7, U9 must be high speed and must handle the crash field power from the coils. Capacitors C8 and C4 must handle all voltages of the power module and all energy collapses from COIL OUT 1A and 1B and must operate at lower cycle times, lower RPM or lower Hz.

The various modifications of the exemplary embodiments, as described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the scope of the invention are intended to be It should be interpreted as illustrative rather than limiting. Therefore, the scope and breadth of the invention should not be construed as being limited

30. . . motor

32. . . stator

34. . . Coil

36. . . Rotor

38. . . Drive shaft

40. . . power supply

42. . . Control mechanism

43. . . microprocessor

44. . . Non-magnetizable core

46‧‧‧ mounting bracket

48‧‧‧Longitudinal strip

52‧‧‧ permanent magnet

52A‧‧‧Rare Earth Permanent Magnet

52B‧‧‧Steel rod

54‧‧‧End board

56‧‧‧ bearing fixing plate

58‧‧‧Wire pins

60‧‧‧ channel

62‧‧‧ slot

64‧‧‧ raised wire passage

66‧‧‧ Ring

68‧‧‧ hollow spacers

70‧‧‧ slot

72‧‧‧ Ridge

74‧‧‧ Circuitry

78‧‧‧ switch

80‧‧‧ position sensor

82‧‧‧ diode

84‧‧‧Control wheel

86‧‧‧magnetic strip

88‧‧‧Magnetic sensor

90‧‧‧Magnetic flux line

100‧‧‧ position sensor

102‧‧‧ Positioning Logic

104‧‧‧Rotary position sensor

106‧‧‧Polar temporal logic

108‧‧‧Rotor direction logic

110‧‧‧throttle control

112‧‧‧ Pulse width modulation

114‧‧‧Control system module

120‧‧‧Power block

122‧‧‧Power block

124‧‧‧Capture and store circuits

126‧‧‧ coil

128‧‧‧Power block

130‧‧‧Power block

132‧‧‧Protection logic

A1‧‧‧ switch

A2‧‧‧ switch

C4‧‧‧ capacitor

C8‧‧‧ capacitor

U5‧‧‧ captures the diode

U6‧‧‧ captures the diode

U7‧‧‧ Capture of the diode

U9‧‧‧ captures the diode

U13‧‧‧ blocking diode

U21‧‧‧FET

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of one embodiment of the motor;

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a single coil;

3A to 3D show how the combination of the permanent magnet and the electromagnetic coil produces a varying force level;

Figure 4A shows an embodiment of this type of longitudinal strip for supporting the stator coils;

Figure 4B shows a cross-sectional view through a stator, wherein the coils of the stator are disposed on a plurality of longitudinal strips (such as the longitudinal strips shown in Figure 4A);

Figure 5A shows an embodiment of a longitudinal strip having a plurality of slots formed on a side thereof for positioning wires from the coils;

Figure 5B shows another embodiment of a longitudinal strip having a wire passage for receiving an electrical wire mounted to the strip;

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of how the mounting bracket holding the coil is attached to a longitudinal strip;

7A and 7B show an embodiment of a rotor in which a selective steel shunt ring is used;

8A, 8B, and 8C show several embodiments of coils wound around different types of cores;

9A and 9B are respectively a front view and a side view showing an embodiment of a modular rotor assembly;

Figure 9C shows an embodiment of a composite magnet for a rotor;

Figure 10 is a view showing one of magnetic flux lines between the permanent magnets and the electromagnetic coil in a cross section of one of the embodiments of the motor of the present invention;

Figure 11 shows an embodiment of a circuit for supplying energy to one of the coils of a motor of the present invention;

Figure 12 shows another embodiment of an electrical circuit for supplying energy to one of the coils of a motor of the present invention;

Figure 13 shows an embodiment of a position sensor;

14A and 14B show magnetic field lines of an embodiment of a motor of the present invention, which is determined by direct evaluation using iron filings;

15A, 15B and 15C show magnetic field lines of a progressive permanent magnet;

Figure 15D shows magnetic field lines of a composite magnet comprising a steel block sandwiched between two permanent magnets;

Figure 16 shows an embodiment of a circuit for shunting a collapse field current from a discharge coil to a charged or charged coil in an electric motor;

Figure 17 shows another embodiment for shunting a collapse field current from a discharge coil to a circuit of a charging or charging coil in an electric motor;

Figure 18 shows another embodiment for shunting a breakdown field current from a discharge coil to a circuit of a charging or charging coil in an electric motor;

Figure 19 shows another embodiment for shunting a crash field current from a discharge coil to a circuit of a charged or charged coil in an electric motor;

Figure 20 is a side elevational view of one embodiment of a rotor of the present invention, wherein the relative positions of the electromagnetic coils are shown in dashed lines;

21A and 21E show a cross-sectional view through line 21-21 of FIG. 20 depicting the relative positions of the permanent magnets and the coils in one embodiment of the motor of the present invention;

22A-22C show a cross-sectional view through line 21-21 of FIG. 20 depicting the relative positions of the permanent magnets and the coils in another embodiment of the motor of the present invention;

Figure 23 shows a timing diagram of one embodiment of a 3-phase motor;

Figure 24 shows a timing diagram of one embodiment of a 4-phase 18 permanent magnet motor;

Figure 25 shows a side view of one of the permanent magnets and coils of one embodiment of a 4-phase motor having 8 coils and 18 permanent magnets;

Figure 26 shows a configuration of coils and magnets optimized to allow the electric motor of the present invention to generate current;

Figure 27 shows the modular motor control of the present invention; and

Figure 28 is an electrical circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

30. . . motor

32. . . stator

34. . . Coil

36. . . Rotor

38. . . Drive shaft

40. . . power supply

42. . . Control mechanism

43. . . microprocessor

54. . . End plate

56. . . Bearing fixing plate

74. . . Circuit

80. . . Position sensor

84. . . Control wheel

Claims (5)

An electric motor comprising: a first rotor configured to rotate in a first plane of rotation; a second rotor configured to be in a second plane of rotation parallel to the first plane of rotation Medium rotation, wherein the first rotor and the second rotor together comprise a plurality of adjacent magnet pairs separated by a distance, each of the adjacent magnet pairs having a width W, a length L and a height HM; and comprising a stator of the coil, the coil having a core having a height HC, wherein the first rotor and the second rotor are on opposite sides of the coil, and one of the windings of the coil is coupled to the first rotation Plane parallel in one plane, where W A, and L A. The electric motor of claim 1, wherein the first rotor and the second rotor are separated by a distance B, and B A. An electric motor according to claim 1, wherein one of the coil openings of the coil has a width C, and C W. Such as the electric motor of claim 1, wherein HM HC. An electric motor according to claim 1, wherein one of the coil openings has a width C and B A, C W and HM HC.