TW201131943A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-phase electric motor comprises a stator comprising a plurality of wire coils surrounding a non-magnetizable core; a rotor with permanent magnets embedded therein, the rotor being disposed adjacent to the stator, the rotor being mounted on a rotatable drive shaft; a power source; a position sensor operably connected to the rotor; and a control circuit operably connected to the power source, the position sensor, and the wire coils, for controlling distribution of electrical energy to the wire coils. In this motor the control mechanism transfers electrical charge from a first coil to a second coil.

Description

201131943 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electric motor for generating electric current. This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/460,149, filed on Jan. 26, 2006. 〇 This application claims priority to Provisional Application No. 61/188,994, filed on August 15, 2008. [Prior Art] Because energy costs continue to increase and supply shrinks, there is a need for more efficient use of energy, and (iv) is the demand for electric motors. The electric motor supplies power to the multi-device and thus improves the power output from the motor for a given input energy would mean significant energy savings. In particular, it will benefit from the use of improved electric motors for electric wind turbines. Improvements in electric motor power output will help wind turbines become more practical and accepted by the market. Becky has used motors with electromagnetic coils and no metal cores, for example in "pancake" type motors commonly used in low power applications. However, non-magnetizable core materials such as plastics are not used in high power motors. What is needed in this technology is the new concept of building and controlling an electric motor to produce an electric motor that is more economical. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, the present invention is a multi-phase electric motor comprising: a die including a plurality of coils surrounding a non-magnetizable core; - turning ', /, having a melon into it a permanent magnet 'the rotor is disposed adjacent to the stator 150295.doc 201131943, the rotor is mounted on a rotatable drive shaft; a power supply 'a position sensor operatively coupled to the rotor; and a A control circuit operatively coupled to the power source, the position sensor, and the coils for controlling the distribution of electrical energy to the coils; wherein the control mechanism transfers charge from the first coil to a second coil. A specific design and spacing convention is provided between the magnets and the coil for optimum performance. In addition, the control circuit utilizes pulse modulation to improve control and maximize efficiency.

Further aspects of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. The detailed description and specific examples are intended to be illustrative of the embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description. The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit The motor described herein (which is referred to as a "magneto" motor) differs from conventional electric motors in several aspects, so that a typical formula describing motor performance is not necessarily applicable to the magneto-electric motor. This is due to several factors: 1 conventional motor output requires steel to concentrate magnetic flux; and 2. conventional motor in metal components allows the conversion of electrical power to magnetic flux, thereby completing: the magnetic path through the stator and rotor, The application to the rotor 9 is produced: 150295.doc 201131943 The motor described herein differs in these components in that: ι· The magneto-electric motor does not require steel to concentrate the magnetic flux and in fact in most reeds, the steel is not conducive to this Motor operation. 2. In the magneto-electric motor, the magnetic circuit is completed by the configuration of the permanent magnets in the rotor and the steel end plates on the two outer or end rotors. This concentration of magnetic flux is achieved by this configuration that causes power to increase when the coils are supplied with energy (Figs. 3A to 3D, Figs. 14A, 14B). Figures 3a through 3C show the permanent magnets mounted on a rotor or rotors and the charged electromagnetic coils in a stator at the conclusion that more permanent magnets are associated with a given coil to produce an increased force. How the combination produces a varying level of force. In addition, even greater force can be produced by combining more coils and more permanent magnets, as shown in Figure 3D. For example, using a coil 34 and sixteen permanent magnets 52 produces a force of five pounds. Adding another coil and eight permanent magnets produces a force of ten pounds for a total of two coils 34 and twenty-four permanent magnets 5 2 . Similarly, three coils 34 plus thirty-two permanent magnets 52 can generate fifteen pounds of force and four coils plus forty permanent magnets 52 provide twenty pounds of force. The coil 34 can be added at any position around the circumference of the motor 30 and each coil will increase by a force of five pounds. Another different system of magnetic flux lines is oriented. In a typical motor, all magnetic flux, springs are perpendicular to the 4th winding, which causes resistance on the rotor as the rotor rotates (due to the resulting back EMF). In a typical motor, this back EMF is necessary, otherwise the current will become extremely high and the windings will burn out. In the magneto-electric motor, a portion of the magnetic flux reduces the resistance or the resulting back EMF parallel to the winding. This magnetic flux orientation can be varied by the distance between the 150295.doc 201131943 PM in the rotor relative to the space between the rotors. In addition, there is no inrush current or high current caused by the lack of back EMF. Therefore, the design of the magneto-electronic galen automatically controls the current. The magneto-electric motor has several significant differences in its construction, which differ in its success. In a typical motor, the windings are placed in a steel slot in such a way that the windings overlap each other. Therefore, if a winding heats up, it adds 0", the overlapped winding and the entire motor will overheat and burn out. Even if only one winding is burned, all windings must be removed to replace any winding. In magnetoelectric motors, these windings A simple bobbin coil, each of which is independent of each other and can be removed or placed in the motor one at a time. By this design, the motor is completely modular. The rotor module can be added to lengthen the The motor, which increases the slot of the coil module thus increases the motor output. This modular concept makes designing a novel motor much simpler. The last item above does not apply to typical motors but is suitable for attempting to regenerate by using 〇肖反EMF or The addition of power to make these motors more efficient. The magneto-electric motor uses a novel approach that works well in its operation and is implemented in two different ways. Reducing rotor resistance or back EMf by changing the magnetic flux orientation. 2. When a coil is de-energized to supplement the input power to a different coil (preferably just hit The coil field energy is utilized in one of the coils. It should be understood that the magneto-electric motor operates to generate current when operating backwards. Thus, a multi-phase electric motor 3A includes: a sub-32, which includes a plurality of 150295.doc 201131943 a coil 34, a rotor 36 mounted on a drive shaft 38, a power source 40 for charging the coils 34, and a control mechanism 42 for controlling the charging of the coils 34 by the power source (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) In an embodiment, the stator 32 includes a plurality of coils 34, wherein the coils 34 are wound around a non-magnetizable core 44. The non-magnetizable core 44 can be made of various materials (including It is not limited to plastic, whether it is made of either a solid rod or a hollow tube. The coil core 44 is preferably rounded in cross section so that the coil 34 itself is also circular. However, the core 44 Other shapes of the coil 34 are possible. In one embodiment, the coil wire is held in place by a series of radial knots that travel through the center of the core 44 and around the outside. In another embodiment, The coil 34 is made of resin Molded together, such as glass fibers. The mold imparts a shape on the resin that complements the shape of the coil 34 attached to one of the mounting brackets 46 (see below). The coil 34 with the associated resin then uses a binder. Or other attachment method is attached to the mounting bracket 46. In a typical configuration, the coil core 44 has a cross-sectional diameter of one inch. In addition, the coil wire is a copper gauge in one embodiment. The wire is wound about the core 44 about 300 times. The outer diameter of the coil 34 is 3 inches in this embodiment. However, other configurations are possible and are encompassed by the present invention. The wire windings have a uniform orientation wherein the windings are in a plane parallel to the plane of rotation of the rotor 36 when the coils 34 are mounted in the stator 32. When the coils 34 are disposed within the stator 32 and are electrically energized, the established magnetic field extends laterally from the stator μ 150295.doc 201131943 toward the adjacent rotors 36. The orientation is such that one side of the coil 34 is magnetically north (N) and the other side is magnetic south (s); this orientation can be varied by reversing the polarity of the input power. Each of the coils 34 is electrically energized by connecting the ends of the coil 34 to a suitable power source 4, as explained further below. The coils 34 are held in position by a frame structure 47 (which in one embodiment is made of aluminum) within the stator 32. The frame includes a plurality of zero longitudinal strips 48 extending parallel to the major axis of the drive shaft 38 (i.e., parallel to the axis of rotation). In one embodiment, the strips of longitudinal material 48 have a series of notches 50 formed therein for positioning the coils 34 at the correct locations in the correct orientation. The coils 34 are retained to the mounting bracket 46, which is then spliced to the longitudinal strips 48 of the frame structure 47 (Figs. 4A, 4, .... In an embodiment, the brackets The 46-series are slightly curved at the edges to properly match the longitudinal strips 48. The brackets are preferably attached to the longitudinal strips 48 by means of reversible fasteners, which makes it easier to repair or replace defective or Damaged Coils In the practice, the longitudinal strips 48 have a series of threaded holes tapped therein for receiving screws or thread checks for attaching the coil mounting bracket 46. The coils 34 are tied along the line. The longitudinal strips are laterally spaced to leave space between the longitudinal strips to accommodate the rotor %. Each line (four) is adjacent to the immediately adjacent rotor 36, and a plurality of permanent magnets 52 are embedded in the rotor. The frame structure is held in place by the coils 34, which is at the periphery of the motor. The buckle is in the middle of the embodiment, which is the opposite of many other electric motors. This construction allows for easier fabrication and assembly. Both ends of the longitudinal strips 48 of the support structure 47 are attached to the end plate 54 at either end of the motor 3''. The end plates 54 also support the drive shaft, which in turn supports the rotors 36, thereby forming the overall structure of the motor 3. In one embodiment, the drive shaft 38 projects through and beyond one or both of the end plates 54 and is then coupled to one of the devices to be driven. In a particular embodiment, the end plate 54 is 625 625 inches thick and 11.75 inches in diameter. Additionally, the end plate 54 can have a bearing retaining plate 56 (Fig.) mounted thereon for retaining the bearing of the drive shaft 38. The bearing retaining plate 56 includes a two-and-a-half inch inner diameter and a One ring of four inches in outer diameter. In one embodiment, the wire pins 58 from the respective coils 34 pass through the mounting bracket 46 (Fig. 2). In another embodiment, the longitudinal strips are formed therein for passage of the wires through one of the channels 6 (Figs. 5a, 5B, 6). In this case, the wires exit the coil w from the side and pass through a slot 62 formed in the long edge of the strip (Fig. 5A). In one embodiment, the sides of the coil mounting brackets 46 are made wide enough to cover the slots 62 (Fig. 6) adjacent the main passage 60. In another embodiment, a raised wire channel 64 is formed or attached to the side of the longitudinal strips, wherein the respective coils 34 are aligned in the sides of the channel 64 for the wires Through the hole (Figure 5B). In any of these latter embodiments, the wires pass through the longitudinal strip 48 to one or both ends of the motor where they are coupled to the power source 4 and the control mechanism 42. The _ series and column coils 34 which are mounted in a circular shape are referred to herein as a certain stator 150295.doc 201131943 Ο

In the embodiment, the electric motor 3 has four stators 32 and five rotors 36 such that each stator 32 has a rotor % on either side thereof, but the rotors at either end of the motor 36 has only a certain child on one side and none on the other side. In some embodiments, the rotors 36 at either end of the motor 3 have an iron-containing metal (eg, steel) extending atop the permanent magnets 52 along the outer perimeter of the rotor 36. The shunt ring 66 (Fig. 7A, Fig. 7B). When the permanent magnets 52 are layered composites of magnet pieces and other material sheets, the magnets are not included on the side of the rotor to which the ring 66 is attached. The ring 66 improves the magnetic flux in the motor 3 turns, creating a horseshoe effect and also eliminating any resistance that conductive material may have at the end of the motor. In omitting the implementation of the steel ring 66, it is preferred that the end plates 54 be made of a non-conductive material such as a phenolic resin or some other type of resin. The wire gauge, the length of the coil winding, and the (4) core material type each change the characteristics of the motor. In addition, the shape of the core 44 material and the shape of the permanent magnets 52 can also change the manner in which the motor 3 is stopped. The following is a list of possible core 44 structural types and the properties of the core 44 structure to the coil 34. There are some effects (Figure 8Α, Figure 8β, Figure 8C). In one configuration, a wire winding coil 34 has a solid laminated core 44 (Fig. 8A). This configuration has high inductance and significant hysteresis loss, and the magnetic flux is concentrated in the core. In the other configuration, there is a hollow core, which is called a wire winding coil. This configuration has medium inductance, medium hysteresis loss and magnetic 150295.doc 201131943 flux is concentrated in this core 44. An example of this configuration is a wire wound around a coil having a hollow iron core. In another configuration, a wire winding core 34 having one of the air cores 44 is provided (Fig. 8C). This configuration has low inductance, no hysteresis loss, and the flux is more evenly distributed over the entire pole surface. Furthermore, the wires are used as a laminate layer rather than as a typical flat laminate layer. Further, the wires may be of any shape, including round, pie or hollow laminated tubes. For still rotational speeds (in RP )), high efficiency air cores should be optimal, while a laminated core can be preferred for higher torques where high RPM and efficiency are not an issue. The rotor 36 is made of phenolic resin in one embodiment, although other types of resins may be used. In another embodiment, the rotor 36 is made of aluminum. In either case, the rotor 36 is fixedly attached to a drive shaft 38 in one embodiment to transfer the power of the motor 30 to a driven component. The rotor 36 is substantially a flat-flat disk in which the column holes are formed for accommodating the permanent magnets or the fixed magnets 52. The "Hai motor 30 can be modularly formed such that any variable number of rotors 36 and 32 generally have one more rotor than the number of stators) can be incorporated into the single-motor 30 so that The motor 30 of any size and power can be made from a limited number of basic components. In order to modularize the motor 30 while still maintaining the correct rotor-to-toror spacing, the rotor %, in one embodiment, has a hollow spacer 68 (Fig. 9B) projecting from one side of the center. In an embodiment, the spacer (9) is a steel. The turn: 36 (which is in the implementation of the shot) and the attached (four) partition (four) both have a hole in the center at 150295.doc -12- 201131943 to accommodate the drive shaft 38 and also have one of the holes The slot 70 receives a ridge 72 projecting from the drive shaft 38, wherein the ridge 72 and the slot 70 are complementary in shape to each other. The combination of the ridge 72 and the slot 7〇 facilitates transmission of power from the rotors 36 to the drive shaft 38 without any sliding relative to the drive shaft 38. Alternatively, the ridge 72 can be on the inside of the opening of the rotor 36, whereby the sill slot 70 is formed in the drive shaft 38 (Fig. 2A). In a particular embodiment, the rotor 36 is 1.5 inches thick and 9 inches in diameter. The steel spacer 68 has a diameter of 3 inches and protrudes 2.7 inches from the face of the rotor 36. The diameter of the drive shaft 38 is approximately 15 inches, and the diameter of the bore in the rotor 36 and the spacer 68 for receiving the shaft is also the same. The spacer 68 is attached to the rotor 36 in one embodiment using four 25.25 inch bolts, although other methods of combining the two portions are encompassed within the present invention (Fig. 9A). In one embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 comprise a composite of two rare earth permanent magnets 52A with a steel rod 52B therebetween. The composite structure is in the form of a total system cylinder and has a diameter of 1 inch B and a length of 1.0 angstrom (Fig. 9C). These permanent magnets 52A are both 0.25 inch thick and thick in this embodiment and the steel rod 52B is 1 inch thick. In one embodiment, the magnets 52A and steel rods 52B are attached to each other and attached to the rotor 36 using an adhesive. In this embodiment there are eight composite permanent magnets 52' in which the permanent magnets 52 are equally spaced around the rotor 36 and approach the edge. Eight one-inch diameter holes are formed in the rotor 36 and are about 0.125 inches from the edge of the rotor 36. In this embodiment and in general, the permanent magnets 52 are configured such that the polarity alternates between a magnetic north pole and a magnetic south pole that are directed to one side or the other side of the rotor. In order to achieve a succession around the alternating set of rotors 36, the state of 150295.doc -13·201131943 is preferred to have an even number of permanent magnets or composites thereof. The distance between adjacent permanent magnets 52 on the rotor 36 is in one embodiment approximately equal to the distance between adjacent rotors 36 (Fig. 1 〇), although the distance between adjacent permanent magnets 52 may sometimes be greater than the rotor. To the rotor spacing. In one embodiment, the distances are both about 2.5 inches. In general, as the distance between adjacent permanent magnets 52 on a given rotor 36 decreases, the inverse EMF also decreases by y. In addition, in general, the back emf, rpm, and torque vary from the rotor to rotor spacing and the space between the permanent magnets 52 in the rotor 36 as a function of fl. The control mechanism 42 includes, in an embodiment, a circuit 74 connected to the _ position sensor 8A, which is connected to the coils to take the power supply. In another embodiment, the control mechanism 42 also includes a microprocessor 43 as described further below. An example of one of the circuits 74 of this embodiment for controlling the motor is shown in the figure. This circuit 74 (which is used for a six-coil three-phase motor with one of the eight permanent magnets 52) uses a single power source. Switch 78 operates as a double pole double throw switch. These switches 78 are controlled by a position sensor 8A associated with the rotor or drive shaft 38, as further described below. The coils ..., the cores 3 and 6 are on the opposite side of the diameter of the stator 32 and are normally in a state opposite to each other, i.e., when the coil is exhausted, the coil 4 is closed and when the coil 4 is open, the coil 1 is closed. In this particular embodiment, the pole body 82 controls the direction of current flow in the circuit 74 such that the collapse field energy from a particular coil helps to charge the opposite partner coil. Figure (10) shows another I50295.doc • J4-201131943 κ embodiment for controlling the motor core-circuit μ of the present invention, which uses more than half of the switches 78 of the previous circuit. In this alternative configuration, there are two power supplies 40, which simplifies the construction of the system. This circuit 74# is used for the "push-only" motor because the circuit 1 does not immediately provide the polarity for switching the supply to the - special, coil 34 during the cycle, and thus is not provided for switching. The magnetic polarity of the coils 34. In addition, diodes 82 are placed between pairs of coils 34 to direct collapse field energy between coils. In addition, the switches 78 are controlled by the position sensor 80 as described further below. Figure 13 shows the general requirements for a position sensor 80 (specifically a magnetically controlled position sensor 8A) for a six-coil three-phase eight permanent magnet 52 of the present invention. The position sensor 80 in one embodiment includes a control wheel 84 attached to the drive shaft 38 such that the control wheel 84 tracks the movement of the drive shaft 38 which tracks the position of the rotor 36. Various methods can be used to track the position of the control wheel 84, including a magnetic sensor 88 or a magnetic strip 86 having a magnetic sensor 88 or a sensor that is mounted around the periphery of the wheel to detect the presence or absence of the magnetic strip 86. . As shown in FIG. 13, by causing the magnetic sensor 88 to be opened at a fifteen degree interval and adjacent to the control wheel 84 and by causing the magnetic strips 86 to extend 1/8 of one of the turns of the wheel 84, The effect of energizing each of the magnetic sensors 88 to supply the energy to the coils 34 in the correct order and for the appropriate duration is discussed further below. For a motor 3 having one of the eight permanent magnets 52, the preferred turn-on time for a given coil "is approximately equal to 1/8 or 45 degrees of one turn of the rotor 36. Thus, at the position sensor 80 The magnetic strip holders that activate the coils μ extend 1/8 of one of the turns of the control wheel 84. The control wheel is fixedly attached to 150295.doc • 15 - 201131943 The rotor 36 or the drive shaft 38 makes The rotation of the rotor 36 and the drive shaft 38 rotates the control wheel 84 (see Fig. 1). To maintain proper phase, the magnetic sensors 88 are spaced 15 degrees apart along the control wheel to continuously open the coils. And turning off one of the coils of the pair when the other coil of the same pair is turned on. In this embodiment, the coils 1 to 3 are supplied with energy having a polarity opposite to that of the coils 4 to 6. Similarly, the coil], 2 and 3 respectively supply energy and de-energize energy at times opposite to coils 4, 5, and 6. The general principles of this embodiment with six coils, three phases, and eight permanent magnets as described above may be Extend to any number of phases greater than two, any even number of permanent magnets, and any Eye coils. Although it is preferred to have an even number of coils to more easily accommodate the transfer of crash field energy from one coil to another, it is also possible to design a motor having an odd number of coils using the principles discussed herein. The number of coils 34 and the number of phases also increases the complexity and cost of manufacturing the motor 30, particularly the electronics needed to drive the coils. On the other hand, having a larger number of coils 34 and phase will increase the efficiency of the motor 30 because the collapse field energy from one coil to the other is easier to perform at the correct point in the charging cycle of each coil. Diversion. In an embodiment, a four phase motor having eight coils and eighteen permanent magnets represents a good compromise between manufacturing cost and motor performance. Another important factor affecting motor performance is (4) "reverse ΕΜ". The back EMF occurs in the lightning motor due to the relative motion between the magnets on the rotor and the windings on the # stator. A constant varying magnetic flux in the region between the coils of the motor causes one of the rotations against the rotor 150295.doc -16 - 201131943 EMF, which energizes the electric material "tick electric T; may also be present in Any conductive material in the rotor is made. Preferably, the rotor is made of a non-conducting effect - the rotor H - in the embodiment (d) is made with a limited negative. * = =, the total torque is from the motor in the rotor and stator Steel rate. However, in the two-turn motor in which the balance is made to match steel and steel to obtain the best effect on the steel component, there is no 〇 曰 requirement in the rotor or stator. The total torque is determined by the field generated by her magnetic flux in the permanent magnets 52 and the magnetically generated s θ in the coils 34 of the coils 34. The coils are multiplied by the amperage of the current through the coils 34 by a function of the number of turns of the wires of the four coils 34. = The greater the average magnetic flux density between the permanent magnets 52 in the rotor 36, the additional effect of the average magnetic flux between the dedicated rotors 36 also affects the torque in the currently described motor 30. The reverse is only when the magnetic flux passes perpendicular to The magnetic fluxing occurs. However, the magnetic flux between the permanent magnets 52 of the currently described motor is parallel to the windings; therefore, there is no magnetic flux line along the rotor 36. The back EMF generated by the motion. The magnetic flux lines extending between the permanent magnets 52 adjacent the rotor 36 are perpendicular to the windings (Fig. ,), thus causing back EMF when the rotor is rotated %. Due to the total power available The combined magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 52 and the magnetic flux of the coils 34 is such that the distance between the coils 34 and the permanent magnets 52 also begins to take effect according to the 6&8& Note that the respective magnetic fluxes of the respective sizes of the coil 34 and the permanent magnets 52 increase as the number of the coils 34 and the permanent magnets 52 increases the total magnetic flux. 150295.doc •17- 201131943 The average magnetic flux density of the passengers with the size of the fixed and the coil and the permanent magnet is also fixed. "Adding a long-lasting magnet to the motor not only increases the total magnetic flux in the rotor, but also increases the average magnetic flux density between the permanent magnets in the rotor. From the rotor:: the total magnetic flux also increases, but the space The average magnetic flux density remains fairly constant. The stronger the average magnetic flux density between the permanent magnets in the rotor, the lower the backsight because the magnetic flux lines are parallel to the windings because of this extremely low back EMF. The replacement current is high at low rotational speeds (at RPM 3), and the current in these cases is in fact attributed to the extremely complex magnetic flux lines within the rotor and to the rotor to the rotor. It is limited in a manner analogous to how a field effect transistor controls the current through the transistor, since the current is controlled by the resistance of the coil. The motor of the present invention is similar to a field effect transistor because of the rotor The 忒 flux is controlled by a relatively small current in the stator windings. The end result is that the motor does not have an inrush current or peak current and because the motor does not The magnetic metal can be operated at extremely high rotational speeds (in RPM). Because of the south total magnetic flux that can be transmitted, the motor has extremely high torque. Figure 1 shows a typical motor as described herein. 30 flux tube 90. In addition, Figures 14A and 14B show the results of a direct evaluation of one of the magnetic flux lines 9 in a motor 30 as described herein, based on metal wafers relative to the motor assembly The distribution is determined. As can be seen, the primary flux lines 90 are between the permanent magnets 52 of the rotors 36, between the permanent magnets 52 of the individual rotors 36, and the permanent magnets I50295.doc of the same rotor 36. -18- 201131943 52 in the space between the two. In the embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 are rare earth magnets. As described above, in another embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 are a composite The structure comprises two permanent magnets 52A (preferably rare earth magnets) and a further material 52β is sandwiched therein. In a preferred embodiment, the two magnets AA are approximately the same thickness. Sheet 52A is oriented such that the south magnetic pole is in the clip One side of the layer is outwardly outward and the north magnetic pole is outwardly on the other side of the interlayer. In one embodiment, the intermediate material 52b between the permanent magnets 52A is a non-magnetic material (such as iron or steel), and In general, the material 52B is preferably capable of having a high magnetic permeability in the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnets 52A. In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 (whether a single piece or a composite) It is circular in cross section and generally circular (four), but other kneading shapes are also possible. These permanent (or sometimes referred to as fixed) magnets 52 of an electric motor and the electromagnets having alternating polarities with each other Acting to alternately push or pull the rotor 36 toward or away from the permanent magnets as the rotor rotates. Preferably, the permanent magnets 52 have a high magnetic flux density, such as 12,000 Gauss. As mentioned previously, the role of rare earth magnets is particularly good for this purpose. When the distance between the north magnetic pole and the south magnetic pole increases, the field strength further extends from the pole surface as shown in Figs. 15A, 15B, and 15C. The increased field strength in turn increases the power of the motor 30. However, due to the high cost of rare earth magnets, the price of a motor having one of these large permanent magnets can be made surprisingly expensive. Thus, an alternative mechanism is shown in Figure 15D to produce a near field strength of 150295.doc -19·201131943. As described above, in Fig. 15D, a piece of non-magnetic material 52B is interposed between the two rare earth magnets 52A to produce the rare earth magnet material having a similar magnetic flux length and a small portion, and thus the cost is only a small portion. One unit. In one embodiment, the non-magnetized material 52B is a metal such as iron or an iron-containing alloy such as a steel block. In another embodiment, the material 52B is nickel cobalt. In general, the intermediate fill material 52B should be capable of having a high magnetic permeability in the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnets 52A. It goes without saying that although the magnetic flux 3 of the sandwiched magnet unit described above is the same as the one with the same size, the forced strength of the sandwiched unit is compared to the complete magnet. Slightly lower. Finally, since the main motivation for providing a composite permanent magnet rather than the entire magnet is to save money, the cost of the entire magnet should be balanced to the cost of assembling the composite magnet assembly. The rotor 36 and stator 32 can vary in size relative to one another. In one embodiment, the stator 32 has a larger diameter than the rotor 36, allowing the rotor 36 to be within the motor 30 and the structural support for holding the coils 34 of the stator 32 is in the The periphery of the motor 3〇. Similarly, the permanent magnets 52 and the electromagnetic coils 34 may have diameters or the same diameter different from each other. However, regardless of the diameters, in a preferred embodiment the centers of the permanent magnets 52 and the electromagnetic coils 34 are aligned with one another at the same radial distance from the center of the drive shaft 38 such that the respective components are These magnetic fields are in optimal alignment. In a poor case, the permanent magnets (or composites as described above) are the same thickness as the rotor such that the same magnets are outward on the opposite side of the rotor 150295.doc -20- 201131943, the south magnetic pole is at One side is outwardly outward and the north pole is outwardly on the other side. The power source 40 is preferably any conventional type of direct current (DC) power source capable of supplying 3 amps per coil at 48 volts. However, voltage and amperage vary depending on the speed (in RPM) and torque. Speed (in RpM) is dependent on voltage and torque is dependent on amperage. In general, the power source 40 should be matched to the wire gauge used to wind the coils 34. For example, if the coils 34 are wound with a ten gauge wire rated at thirty amps, the power source 4 must be capable of delivering thirty amps of current for each of the coils 34 acting at a given time. Therefore, if the motor has six coils 34 (all of which can simultaneously supply energy), then one may be required to provide one of 18 amps of current. 4 In the embodiment, the power supply is 40--1~2 Volt car batteries, but other types of power sources 40 that provide sufficient amperage at a given direct current (DC) voltage can also be used. In general, the power supply 4 should match the size and power of the motor, the smaller motor 30 requires a smaller power supply 40 and the larger motor 30 requires a larger power supply 40. The control mechanism 42 can be any type of power that can be quickly switched between the coils 34 in proper sequence as the rotors 36 rotate. The control mechanism 42 includes a four-position sensor 80 that uses various position sensing mechanisms to track the position of the rotors 36, including brushes and physical or optical switches coupled to the drive shaft, for all purposes. U.S. Patent No. 358,693, which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, magnetic sensor 88 and magnetic strip 86 as described above can be used. Regardless of the type of position sensing mechanism used, it is preferred that the machine (4) be coupled to the movement of the rotors 36 to track the position of the rotors 150295.doc 21 · 201131943 such that the charging of the coils 34 can be The movement of the rotor 36 is properly matched. As described above, in one embodiment, there is a control wheel 84 that is fixedly attached to the drive shaft 38, wherein the position sensing mechanism is associated with the control wheel 84. In summary, any mechanism that can track the position of the rotor and feed back this information to a control circuit that will supply energy to the coils accordingly can be used with the motor of the present invention: brush/commutator; light perception Detector; magnetic sensor; cam driven switch; inductive sensor; and laser sensor. Thus, switches, brushes, photovoltaic cells, or other suitable switching members that are equidistantly configured can be used, and the operation of such components is controlled by suitable blades or elements of optical channels or other sequencing components. The control mechanism 40 is preferably characterized in that it transfers power from the motor 3 turns to one of the discharge coils 34 to the other coil 3 that is being charged "when one more = the motor 30 undergoes its cycle" The coil (4) is charged and discharged according to the phase of the motor cycle and the relative positions of the coils and the permanent magnet 52. For example, when the south pole of an electromagnetic coil 34 moves toward the north pole of a permanent magnet U 52, There is a force-gravitational force between the magnet wire (4) and the permanent magnet a that generates a rotational torque in the motor 3〇. However, when the two magnetic units 34, 52 are aligned, the force generating torque is terminated. The attraction between the magnets becomes one of the resistances on the motor 3. To avoid this, the electromagnetic charge on the coil 34 is at or before the point at which the electromagnetic coil is aligned with the permanent magnet 52. The charge on the coil 34 is released by cutting off the power to the coil 34. The power supply to the line 34 causes the electromagnetic field to collapse. When the field collapses, the charge is released. Most of the energy available Retrieve and assist in charging another coil 34 in the motor 3 (preferably one of the points in its charging cycle). In some motors, due to the inability to capture and utilize the crash field Energy causes a large amount of energy to be lost and thus dissipates thermally. In addition, the release of energy associated with the collapse field generates heat that must be dissipated so that the motor does not overheat, which heat can particularly damage the controller. To improve efficiency and reduce heat buildup, the collapse field energy is transferred to a second coil in one embodiment to provide energy to charge the second coil (FIG.). In one embodiment, from a coil 34 The crash field energy is fed to another coil " using a circuit 74 (such as the circuit shown in Figure 16). In the motor system, the circuit 74 shown in Figure 16 uses the voltage generated by the collapsed magnetic field in a first coil to provide a voltage to establish a current in a second coil. This redistribution system increases efficiency in the motor and reduces the amount of heat that is converted to the heat associated with the crash field. In this embodiment, the '(e.g., battery) charging coil A1 is when the 开关 switch 78 (which may be a transistor or other suitable switching device) is closed. When the switch 7 8 is opened, the collapse field from the coil A1 supplies energy to the coil A2. However, due to power deduction, coil A2 may not be fully charged as coil A1; therefore, as for coil A1, several coils may be charged in parallel, and then the total of two or more A1 coils from these may be The crash field charge is fed into coil A2 to give coil A2 a total of a single coil a 〇 from the power source 4 to receive a complete charge. Another embodiment of a circuit 74 shown in Figure 17 is similar to this circuit shown in Figure 16 of 150 295. doc -23 201131943, but in this case coil A2 also has attached to coil A2, which is directly attached to The first power source 4 of the coil A1 is separated from an additional power source 40. If the switches a1 and a2 are alternately opened and closed (always in a group that is opposite each other, ie when a2 is closed, a is open, and vice versa), then the collapsed field from the coil that has just been disconnected from its respective power source will Help to charge another coil. As in the prior circuit, a diode 82 or other similar device is inserted into the lines to direct the current in a forward direction only. In some embodiments, for example, for a "push-pull" type motor configuration, it is necessary to simultaneously close both switches a&a2 during an interim period during the transition period to avoid being attributed to the powerful collapse field charge. The spark that traverses the switch. In the figures "and 17", the coils are always charged with the same polarity each time they are turned on, that is, a so-called "push-pull" configuration. Finally, Figure 18 shows another configuration of circuit 74, which is similar to one of the circuits of Figure 17, in which both coils A1 and A2 can utilize the same power supply 4 while also allowing the collapsed field from the -wire to feed to another The coils help to supply energy to the other coil. In the motor 3 of the present invention, this principle can be extended to any number of coils present in the circuit to allow the motor 30 to be powered by a single power supply. Additionally, the transistors or other switches 78 are coupled to a position sensor 80 that is coupled to the rotor % movement such that the opening and relationship of the coils 34 cooperate with the action of the rotor 36.存在 In the special embodiment, there are four coils that generate the cascade circuit 74 (Fig. 19). The power supply 4 〇 supplies energy to the coil a; when the coil a is released, the collapse field from the coil A supplies energy to the coil B; then the collapse field from the coil B supplies energy to the coil C; finally from the coil c 150295. Doc 201131943 The power supply to the coil De and then the collapse field from the coil d can be fed back into the coil A to complete the cycle. Each subsequent pulse may be weaker due to the loss of resistance at each step. An input circuit from the power supply 4q may be established to replace such losses so that the charging pulses of the respective phases are strong enough to fully charge the coil. To ensure that the current flows between the coils in the correct direction, the diodes 82 are inserted into the feed to prevent backflow (@19). Replace the (9) (four) two poles

For body 82, any switch or device that properly directs the crash field to the other coil can be used. This ensures that the collapse field energy typically flows "forward" in the loop to the next diode rather than "backward" to a previous coil. One embodiment of the principle of feeding the crash field energy into other coils of the motor is shown as a three phase motor, such as the Phase I motor depicted in this side view of Figure 2A. In this embodiment, the permanent magnets 52 are mounted on the rotors 36 and the electromagnetic coils 34 are mounted on the stators (Fig. μ). In Fig. 20, a rotor 36 and a stator 32 are shown overlapping each other to show the relationship between the two components. The six coils are shown in dashed lines and are labeled A through C, and there are two oppositely placed coils of each phase, namely two phase A coils, two phase B coils, and two phase c lines. The rotor states that the permanent magnets 52 are oriented with their poles (labeled N or s) facing the stator 32, wherein the adjacent permanent magnets 52 are oriented in opposite directions such that the permanent magnets have around the rotor 36. Alternating polarity (Figure 20). For the sake of brevity, a single stator 32 and two adjacent rotors 36 are shown, but in principle a plurality of adjacent rotors 36 and stators 32 can be assembled to produce even greater power. 21A through 2E show step by step how the coils of a three-phase motor are energized via 150295.doc -25-201131943 and indicate how the collapse field from a first coil is fed when a second coil is energized. Inside the second coil. In Fig. 21A, the equal phase A coils are in the process of switching and the phases b and the turns are supplied with energy. At this time, the crash fields from the phase A coils can be

Feed into either or both of phase B and C coils. In Figure 21B, the coils of all three phases A to C are energized. In Fig. 21C, the phase A and B coils are energized and the phase c coils are in the process of switching. At this point, the collapsed fields from the phase C coils can be fed into either or both of the phase A and B coils. In Fig. 21D, all three phases eight to (these coils are again supplied with energy. Finally, in Fig. 21E, the phases A and c coils are supplied with energy and the phase B coils are switched. At this point, the collapsed fields from the phase B coils can be fed into either or both of the phases. Although the example above shows for a three phase motor, These principles are in fact applicable to motors having two or more arbitrary phases. The electric motor 30 described herein is preferably controlled as a multi-phase motor. To produce a multi-phase motor 30, there is a The coils 34 at various points of the stator 32. These coils 34 are opened in a particularly continuous mode, which in some cases involves inverting the polarity of the charge at various stages to reverse the magnetic polarity. In a preferred embodiment On the opposite side of the stator 32 there are matching pairs of coils 34 which are energized at the same point in the motor cycle, i.e., which are in close proximity to each other. For example, in the three-phase, (four) towel, preferably There are six coils in which the stator is 150295.doc • 26 - 201131943 on the opposite sides of the diameter (180 degrees apart) • Xuan special coils can be supplied together with energy. However, each phase can include more coils. For example, three coils can be grouped into each Within the phase, this may require a total of nine coils for a two-phase motor. In this case, the coils belonging to a given phase may be equally spaced apart by 12 degrees around the stator. Although not disclosed herein It can be used to construct a motor having two or more phases, but in a preferred embodiment the motor has three or more phases to more easily accommodate the transfer of the power from a discharge coil to a charging coil. In an embodiment referred to as a "push-only" motor, each time the coil 34 is energized with the same polarity, meaning that the magnetic polarity is the same each time the coil 34 is energized. In another implementation In an example, the polarity and thus the polarity of the magnetic pole are reversed each time the coil is energized. In the latter embodiment, which is sometimes referred to as a push-pull embodiment, the motor can generate more power. Because each coil The system is normally doubled, pulling a nearby magnet toward the coil or pushing a nearby magnet away from the coil. However, the motor is still operating normally regardless of whether the coil has a uniform polarity or a reverse polarity. The number of permanent magnets determines the continuous rotation fraction of the rotor for each phase. For example, if there are eight permanent magnets distributed around the rotor, each phase lasts one eighth of a rotation, corresponding to a 45 degree rotation. Ground, when there are ten permanent magnets, each phase continues the 丨/10 or 36 degree rotation of the two revolutions' and when there are twelve permanent magnets, each phase is a 30 degree rotation. 胄22A, Fig. 22B and 22C shows a linear representation of the relationship between the permanent magnets (four) and the electromagnetic coil 34 in a three-phase motor 30 having six coils 34 and eight permanent magnets 52. The illustration is taken along one of the circular lines of one of the centers of each of the coils 34 and the permanent magnets 52 that travel through the 150295.doc • 27·201131943. The permanent magnets 52 are attached to the rotors 36 and the coils κ are attached to the stator 32. The illustration shows that the two rotors 36 are adjacent to the stator 32, but the basic principles can be extended to any number of rotors and stators. However, it is preferred that the rotors 36 are the last elements that are placed at either end of one of the rotor and stator stacks. As shown in Figures 22A, 22B and 22C, the permanent magnets 52 are configured to have alternating polarities. In a preferred embodiment, the motor 3 has an even number of permanent magnets 52 such that the polarities of the permanent magnets 52 are continuously replaced around the rotor 36. In the depicted embodiment, the coils are energized with only a single polarity such that the coil 34 is energized with or without energy. In the embodiment shown, the pairs of coils 34 (which are in phase ribs but on opposite sides of the stator) are energized with opposite polarities such that the magnetic polarities are relative to each other Reverse. Figure 23 shows a timing diagram of a motor 30, such as the motor shown in the linear representation of Figure 22B and Figure. At the top of the figure there are - digital lines which are distinguished by fifteen degree increments corresponding to the rotational cycles of the rotors 36. Thus, the <RTI ID=0.0>0>>> At each phase, the matching pairs of coils 34 are opened in pairs or _, wherein the pair of coils 34 have relative polarity and magnetic polarity. For example, t, when the coil i is opened in a direction in which its magnetic north pole faces, the oppositely disposed coil 4 is closed. The oppositely disposed coil (4) is closed later when the coil 4 is opened with its magnetic south pole facing the first direction. As stated above, this motor = 150295.doc 28-201131943 is a "push-only" motor because the coils in the embodiment depicted herein always have the same polarity when energized. Below the phase diagram at the top of Fig. 23, there is shown a side view of a rotor 36 and a stator 32 that overlap each other, such as the one depicted in the phase diagram. The side view of the motor 3 显 shows how the positions of the permanent magnets 52 relate to the positions of the coils 34. Figures 24 and 25 show a phase diagram and a side view similar to one of the eight permanent magnets 52 in the rotor 36 and one of the eight coils in the stator 32. Similarly, the coils 34 always have the same polarity when energized such that the motor 30 has a "push-only" change. In addition, as with another phase diagram 'When the line representing a particular phase is high, the first coil of one of the paired coils is open and the second coil is closed' when the line representing a particular phase is low A coil is closed and the second coil is opened and has an polarity opposite to the former and a magnetic polarity. In the two cases described above, when a particular pair of coils transition between a supply energy Q or an unsupply energy, 'the energy from the closed coil is fed into the coil that is opened, This collapsed field energy from a coil can be drawn rather than simply dissipated. It is possible to have a motor (such as above) by the parent replacing the polarity of the power supplied to the coils at the transition indicated in the phase diagram instead of simply switching one coil on and the other coil off. Any of the described motors) is converted to a "push-pull" mode. In the case of a push-pull configuration, the collapse field energy from each pair of coils is transmitted to a different set of coils in the stator, i.e., a coil of one of the different phases 150295.doc -29-201131943. However, in the latter push-pull case, the coils in the other phases can be charged when the crash field energy is fed thereto, thus helping to charge the other coils, which can help maintain the charge. . In the embodiment, the control mechanism 42 of the motor 30 includes a programmable microprocessor 43 (Fig.) for controlling the charging and discharging of the coils 34. The microprocessor 43 is from the position sensor. 80 receives inputs and controls the switches 78 in the circuits 74. Many additional special functions can be added to the motor 3 by the enhanced control provided by the microprocessor 43. In an embodiment, the motor 30 can be Operating with less than all of the operable coils 34. For example, on a motor having a plurality of stators 32, the individual stators 32 can be opened or closed, thus allowing the motor to produce variable power levels as needed. In the case where each stator 32 produces 1 horsepower (hp) and there are five dice 32, depending on how many stators 32 are activated, the motor can generate 丨〇〇hp, 200 hp, 3 〇〇hp '400 hp or In addition, the stator 32 of any combination can be activated at a given time, without the need for the stators 32 to be adjacent to each other. In another embodiment, a further degree of control can be achieved by other lines.圏34 Inactive when starting from different The coil 34 of the sub-32 is grouped. For example, on a three-phase motor 3A having three stators 32, a pair of coils 34 can be activated on the first stator 32, and the second stator 32 is The other pair of coils are activated and another pair of coils are activated on the third stator 32. However, for this purpose, it is necessary to activate the opposing coils 34 on the same stator 32 and the pair of coils 34 Each comes from a different phase of the motor cycle, meaning that the temple coils are equidistantly distributed around the circumference of the motor. 150295.doc -30- 201131943 When a particular stator 32 or even a certain sub-32 one of the individual coils 34 does not function The coils 34 that are inactive can be removed for repair or replacement even when the motor 30 continues to operate. The coils shown in Figures 2A-3D and 7A-7D are relative to the permanent magnets. This position of 52 can be optimized for maximum performance, as shown in Figure 26. In Figure 26, the width w of a single permanent magnet 52 must be less than or equal to the distance A between adjacent pairs of magnets (preferably equal). The length L of a single permanent magnet 52 must be greater than or equal to the neighbor The distance a between the pairs of magnets (preferably greater than). The distance B between the pair of permanent magnets 52 is preferably less than or equal to the distance A between adjacent pairs of magnets. The distance of the coil opening c must be greater than Or equal to the width w of a single permanent magnet (preferably equal to). The height HM of a single permanent magnet 52 must be greater than or equal to the height HC of the core 44. It should be noted that if the optimization rules are not followed, then there is The efficiency loss of the invention is not necessarily a functional loss. However, by observing these design rules, the motor efficiency of generating current has been surprisingly graded. In addition, according to Fig. 27, - modularization The motor control displays a high level (greater than the drawing) for controlling the motor of the present invention to achieve motor efficiency, and there is a problem that the permanent magnets 52 may be demagnetized. In order to avoid demagnetizing the permanent magnets 52, a modular motor control system is preferred. The energy provided by the permanent magnets 52 can be optimized by using appropriate motor control (including timing). In Fig. 27, the position sensor ι provides information to the positioning logic H)2. The positioning logic H) 2 provides the rotor direction (forward/reverse). It should be noted that the rotor of the motor of the present invention moves in the - direction to generate electric power, and the movement in the other direction of 150295.doc -31 · 201131943 can generate power. The position sensor 1 and the positioning logic 1 02 are only required for positioning the motor for such motors where the precise position measurement is critical. Additionally, a coil provides information to the magnet timing sensor or rotational position sensor 104 to a polarity timing logic 丨〇6. By means of a number of inputs, polarity timing logic 106, rotor direction logic 1〇8, throttle control 11〇 (only required for variable speed control), pulse width modulation 112 (which may be replaced by full speed control but with a loss of efficiency), Protection logic 32 (such as having protection against temperature, current, voltage, speed, etc.) 'The logic and control system module 114 controls the operation of the motor. Figure 27 also shows coil driver power blocks 12A, 122, 128, and 13A and a coil 126, and a capture and memory circuit 124 for extracting energy from the collapsed magnetic field. It is important that the coil driver power blocks activate both '120 and 130 or 122 and 128 at a time. Coil driver power blocks 122 and 128 have a polarity and coil driver power blocks 12A and 13A have relative polarities. If the coil driver power block group is activated at the same time, a catastrophic failure or a coil driver power block will be shorted. It should be noted that the coils can be operated individually, in series or in parallel. Groups (if used) should be set to the same motor phase. The low coil driver power blocks A, 122 and the low coil driver power blocks b, 130 each have a south power connection to the ground. The higher coil driver power blocks B, 12A and the higher line 圏 driver power blocks A, 128 each have a high power connection to one of the positive voltages. In addition, the throttle control 11 〇 and the pulse width modulation 1 丨 2 can be combined or integrated therein. Regarding the conventional PWM (pulse width modulation), the conventional pm changes "on" 150295.doc -32- 201131943 time. The magnetoelectronic PWM of the present invention is based on a number of pulses and signals that are "added" digitally, as shown in FIG. The signals that are added together contain the following signals: Signal 1-PWM signal. The digital PWM signal having a clock frequency and a duty cycle is 1) arbitrarily in the form of one of the performance limiters or 2) based on the natural response resonant frequency of the (equal) motor coil at a certain optimum frequency . Note that the clock frequency can be varied as needed at different loads, different RpM, 〇 the coil relative to the magnet, or based on any other location or performance parameter. It should also be noted that the duty cycle of the PWM signal can also be changed based on the same parameters described in this signal, except that the switching time variation is optimized based on the magnetic field settling time (for the on time) and the magnetic field collapse time (for the downtime). . In addition, it should be noted that the PWM clock frequency and duty cycle are not optimized based on the complete or complete collapse of the S-field magnetic field within the coil. The best performance can be set by an optimum percentage of the full saturation of the magnetic field within the coil and an optimum residual field, and the on/off portion of the duty cycle is before the field completely collapses. This is achieved by setting the optimum lower limit of the remaining percentage of the overall saturation field level for the duty cycle. Signal 2 - Timing and Polarity Start/Stop Pulse. The timing and polarity pulses (referred to herein as the polarity pulses) are summed with the pwM. These signals control the start time, stop time, and polarity of the signals that control the high power FETs, IGBTs, or similarly controlled during the power cycle, based on the % sequence problem and the requirements discussed elsewhere. Polarity, open point and close, point. It should be noted that the optimal stop time for these timing and polarity pulses is not coincident with the polarity reversal point. The best stop time can be shovel at the polarity reversal point. In the actual test, the 'best stop time is 2/3 of the polarity switching timing. Signal 3-throttle signal. This throttle signal is added to other signals. This section can be handled in a number of ways: 1) the start time can be combined with the start of the polarity timing signal to stop at a certain time or a percentage of the length of the previously described timing pulse, 2) the throttle signal can be tied a conventional PWM signal, 3) the section μ may be such that after adding the other signals, all of the pwM pulses are not in contact with the high-power polarity switching components of the circuit and any other digital signals, and 4) the section The flow can vary with voltage or current. #号4-protection signal. The protection signals are added to other signals and are designed to allow the device to be powered only when the protection sensors, software or other suitable software or hardware security algorithms are triggered. The normal protection signal may comprise a current sensor on one or more portions of the drive circuit or coil, a temperature sensor on one or more portions of the drive circuit or coil, or in the electromagnetic device or Where the electromagnetic device is installed therein or other suitable safety measures implemented within the device surrounding the device. The magnetoelectronic PWM cuts and opens the coil. When turned off, the coil is in the -stop position 'and when open' the coil is moving. The cutting of the magnet and the efficiency of the spacing system are the key to the energy of the crash field. When the coil is exactly located - there is a maximum repulsion, maximum: moment between the pair of magnets and no current. In a conventional permanent magnet motor, there is no complete magnetic circuit between the magnet and the rotor and the inverse emm (four) torque. The present invention provides a full magnetic circuit in which the motor is turned off, and the movement does not necessarily limit the traveling current. The motor of the present invention has a middle turn, and the reverse coffee is stored and 150295.doc • 34 - 201131943 is used to generate more torque. When the coil travels to the next magnetic pair, once the coil passes 2/3 of the pair, the collapse field is completely reduced and no power is generated. This is the time when the motor is turned off. Figure 28 is a circuit diagram showing a preferred embodiment in which a coil driver power block (shown as 12 turns overall) is coupled to a capture circuit (shown as 124 in its entirety). As shown in Figure 28, in the best mode, FET U21 has an internal parallel 〇 = pole body. U13 is a plug diode that is attached to the high coil power block 12'' 128 of the polarity 103 shown above. In the lower coil power block (122, 13 〇), the occluding diode U12 is attached below the power block of the polarity 105 shown above. The D1 system protects the diode. It should be noted that the selection of these particular components for blocking the diode and protecting the diode is critical. The blocking diode U13 must be capable of handling all of the current and voltage of the coil power blocks 120, 122, 128, 130. The protection diode D1 must be high speed and have a lower forward resistance than the internal protection diode of the FET, and must handle all of the coil power blocks 120, 122, 128, 130 Voltage. The dipoles U5, (10), U7, U9 must be high speed and must handle the collapse field power from the coils. Capacitor C8 & C4 must handle all voltages of the power module and all energy collapses from C0IL0UT 1A and (7) and must operate at lower cycle times, lower RPM or lower Ηζτ. The various modifications of the exemplary embodiments, as described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and are intended to be included in the foregoing description. All of the subject matter should be interpreted as 150295.doc -35-201131943, and the breadth and scope of the invention should not be limited by any embodiment, but should be defined only in accordance with the invention. Descriptive rather than restrictive. Accordingly, the above-described exemplary embodiments are set forth below with reference to the accompanying claims, and FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one of the embodiments of the motor. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a single coil; 3A to 3D are shown showing the level of force of the permanent magnet and the electromagnetic coil; one of the types of longitudinal strips is shown in Fig. 4A for supporting the stator coils; and Fig. 4B is a cross-sectional view through the stator. Wherein the coils of the stator are disposed on a plurality of longitudinal strips (such as the longitudinal strips shown in _); Figure 5A shows an embodiment of the longitudinal strips having a plurality of slots formed on the sides of the material for placement An electric wire drawn from the coils; Figure 5 - shows another embodiment of the longitudinal strip - having a wire passage for arranging the wires mounted on the strip; Figure 6 showing how the mounting bracket holding the coil Attached to the consistent embodiment of the longitudinal strip; Figures A and 7B show an embodiment of a rotor in which a selective steel shunt ring is used; and Figure sc shows several embodiments of coils surrounding different types of core windings And Figure 9B shows a front view and a side view, respectively, of one embodiment of a modular rotor assembly; 150295.doc -36- 201131943 Figure 9C shows an embodiment of a composite magnet for a rotor; Figure 10 shows In one cross section of one embodiment of a motor of the present invention, one of the magnetic flux lines between the permanent magnets and the electromagnetic coil is shown; Figure 11 shows the coils for supplying energy to a motor of the present invention. One embodiment of a circuit; Figure 12 shows another embodiment of a circuit for supplying energy to one of the coils of a motor of the present invention;

Figure 13 shows an embodiment of a position sensor; Figures 14A and 14B show magnetic field lines of one embodiment of a motor of the present invention, which is determined by direct evaluation using iron filings; Figure bA, Figure 15B And Figure 15C shows the magnetic field lines of the progressively large permanent magnet; the magnetic field lines of the composite magnet, the composite magnet includes a steel block sandwiched between two permanent magnets; it is not used in an electric motor. The discharge coil shunts the field power to one of the circuits of one of the charging or charging coils; the soil member is not used to shunt the field power from a discharge coil in the electric motor... via the charging or charging coil - another circuit Embodiments; 8 is not used in the electric motor, the self-discharge coil shunt collapse field power = 'charged or charged coil' - another embodiment of the circuit; soil a % violates the self-discharge coil shunt collapse field power / The present invention is a side view of one embodiment of the roaring 笙 φ rotor of the present invention, wherein the relative positions of the phases _ X and the like of the electromagnetic coils Lined with dashed lines Figure 21A and Figure 21A show a cross-sectional view of the line 21-21 of Figure 20, which is described in the text of the present invention. Figures 22A through 22C show a cross-sectional view through line 21-21 of Figure 20 depicting the permanent magnets and the coils in another embodiment of the motor of the present invention. Figure 23 shows a timing diagram of one embodiment of a 3-phase motor; Figure 24 shows a timing diagram of one embodiment of a 4-phase 18 permanent magnet motor; Figure 25 shows 8 coils and 1 A side view of one of the permanent magnets and coils of one of the eight permanent magnets of the four-phase motor; FIG. 26 shows the coils and magnets optimized to allow the electric motor of the present invention to generate current. • Configuration; Figure 27 shows the modular motor control of the present invention; and Figure 28 is an electrical circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Main Symbol Description] 30 Motor 32 Stator 34 Coil 36 Rotor 38 Drive Axis 40 power supply 42 control mechanism 43 microprocessor 44 not Magnetized core 150295.doc -38- 201131943

46 Mounting bracket 48 Longitudinal strip 52 Permanent magnet 52A Rare earth permanent magnet 52B Steel rod 54 End plate 56 Car fixed plate 58 Wire pin 60 Channel 62 Slot 64 Raised wire channel 66 Split ring 68 Hollow spacer 70 Slot 72 ridge 74 circuit 78 switch 80 position sensor 82 diode 84 control wheel 86 magnetic strip 88 magnetic sensor 90 magnetic flux line 100 position sensor 150295.doc -39 201131943 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 a 1 a2 C4 C8 U5 U6 U7 U9 U13 U21 positioning logic rotary position sensor polarity timing logic rotor direction logic throttle control pulse width modulation control system module power block power block capture and storage circuit Coil

Power Block Power Block Protection Logic Switch Switch Capacitor Capacitor Capture Diode Pick Diode Pick Diode Pick Diode Block Diode FET 150295.doc 40

Claims (1)

201131943 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A coil and magnet arrangement for a multi-phase electric regeneration motor, comprising: a first pair of magnets, which are separated by a distance B, each magnet having a width W, a length L and a height L; a second pair of magnets, which are separated by a distance B, each magnet having a width W, a length L and a height L, and the second pair of magnets and the first pair of magnets are separated by a distance A Separate; 〇-coil, having a core with a height HC, where WSA, and L2A. 2. The coil and magnet configuration of claim 1 is BSA. 3. For the coil and magnet configuration of claim 1, where C2W. 4. The coil and magnet configuration of claim 1 is HM2HC. 5. The coil and magnet configurations of claim 1 are BSA, C2W and HM2HC. 6. A method for modular control of an electric motor, comprising: 〇 generating a digital PWM signal comprising a time set to a performance limiter or based on one of a natural response resonant frequency of the motor coils Pulse, frequency and duty cycle; generating timing and polarity start and stop pulses, generating a stream signal; generating a protection signal; based on the digital PWM signal, the timing and before a complete collapse of the field of the closed period of a duty cycle The polarity signal, the throttling signal, and the protection signal logically determine when to turn the motor on and off to achieve a maximum residual of one of the magnetic fields within a coil. 150295.doc -2 -