TWI525977B - Power supply and its output voltage low frequency ripple compensation method - Google Patents

Power supply and its output voltage low frequency ripple compensation method Download PDF

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TWI525977B
TWI525977B TW103131279A TW103131279A TWI525977B TW I525977 B TWI525977 B TW I525977B TW 103131279 A TW103131279 A TW 103131279A TW 103131279 A TW103131279 A TW 103131279A TW I525977 B TWI525977 B TW I525977B
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controller
power supply
zero
output voltage
control unit
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TW103131279A
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TW201611502A (zh
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Jia-An Ye
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Acbel Polytech Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007Plural converter units in cascade
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

電源供應器及其輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法
本發明係關於一種電源供應器及其輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,尤指一種由電源供應器一次側的功率因數校正電路交流電源零交越、負載資訊予直流對直流轉換電路,由直流對直流轉換電路配合查表方式對其控制指令進行補償之相關技術。
一種已知的交換式電源供應器係如圖4所示,其包括一整流電路81、一功率因數校正電路82及一直流對直流轉換電路83等;其中:該整流電路81係將交流電源AC in轉換為直流電源,該功率因數校正電路82與該整流電路81的輸出端連接,並包括位於直流電源迴路上的電感L1、二極體、一功率開關S1及一PFC控制器,其中,該PFC控制器連接並偵測該交流電源AC in;該直流對直流轉換電路83包括一變壓器T1、一DC/DC控制器U1及一功率開關S2,該DC/DC控制器U1的一控制端係與功率開關S2連接,功率開關S2則與變壓器T1的一次側連接。
前述直流對直流轉換電路83係由功率因數校正電路82的輸出端取得一輸入電壓Vin(t),經進一步轉換後產生一輸出電壓Vout(t),其中輸入電壓Vin(t)係由一特定頻率(例如60Hz)的交流電源AC in轉換產生,因此會含有一頻率(例如120Hz)加倍於該特定頻率的低頻漣波(請參閱圖5所示),即使經過直流對直流轉換電路83進一步轉換後產生的輸出電壓Vout(t)依然存在該低頻漣波,對於該輸出電壓Vout(t)所含的低頻漣波必須設法消除或儘量降低。
對於消除輸出電壓Vout(t)中所含低頻漣波的解決方案之一是將直流對直流轉換電路83的低頻響應速度提高,但此一方案將會提高DC/DC控制器U1的複雜度,且必須量測輸入電壓,同時也可能對其他特性產生影響。因此直接調高直流對直流轉換電路83的低頻響應速度,並非理想的解決方案。
又一種解決方案是如圖6所示,主要是在直流對直流轉換電路83的直流電源輸入端和DC/DC控制器U1之間增加一漣波抑制電路84,該漣波抑制電路84包含一高通濾波器841及一加法器842,其對輸入電壓Vin(t)進行高通濾波後,利用加法器842與一參考訊號相加後對DC/DC控制器U1的控制指令進行補償,藉此消除輸出電壓Vout(t)中所含的低頻漣波。
前述方案雖可消除輸出電壓Vout(t)中的低頻漣波,但輸入電壓Vin(t)為高壓直流電源,該漣波抑制電路84即必須為一高壓迴路,其不僅將使電路構造複雜化,同時也將提高成本。而再一種解決方案,與前一解決方案相近,主要是採用一諧振型控制器取代上述漣波抑制電路84,惟亦存在提高電路複雜度及成本等問題。
由上述可知,用以消除電源供應器輸出電壓低頻漣波的既有技術將衍生電路構造複雜化、影響其他特性、提高成本等問題,故有待進一步檢討,並謀求可行的解決方案。
因此本發明主要目的在提供一種電源供應器及其輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,主要係由直流對直流轉換電路經透過通訊協定由功率因數校正電路取得交流電源及負載資訊,並利用查表方式進行補償,其不僅可有效消除低頻漣波,同時亦無造成電路複雜、影響特性及提高成本等問題。
為達成前述目的採取的一主要技術手段係令前述電源供應器之輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法包括一功率因數校正電路及一直流對直流轉換電路,該直流對直流轉換電路含有一DC/DC控制器,而由該DC/DC控制器執行以下步驟: 提供一對照表,該對照表內建複數的補償訊號; 自該功率因數校正電路取得一交流電源的零交越資訊; 由該零交越資訊判斷交流電源是否出現零交越; 當交流電源出現零交越,由該對照表中取出一對應的補償訊號對一控制指令進行補償。
為達成前述目的採取的又一主要技術手段係令前述電源供應器包括: 一功率因數校正電路,具有一PFC控制器,該PFC控制器係與一交流電源連接,並檢測提供該交流資訊的零交越資訊; 一直流對直流轉換電路,具有一DC/DC控制器,該DC/DC控制器係透過一通訊協定與該PFC控制器連接,以取得該交流電源的零交越資訊;該DC/DC控制器具有一控制單元,並內建一具有複數補償訊號的對照表,由該控制單元根據所取得交流電源的零交越資訊由該對照表找出對應的補償訊號,對一原始的控制指令進行補償。
本發明主要係利用電源供應器內所設功率因數校正電路偵測交流電源及負載的原始功能,由其提供直流對直流轉換電路交流電源的零交越資訊,使直流對直流轉換電路在交流電源零交越時,由預建的對照表中找出一對應的補償訊號對其控制指令進行補償,藉以有效消除輸出電壓的低頻漣波。利用上述技術無須調整控制器的低頻響應速度,因此不虞對其他特性造成影響,由於是由直流對直流轉換電路的DC/DC轉換器自功率因數校正電路取得交流電源的零交越資訊,配合查表方式對原始的控制指令進行補償,因此無須額外設置硬體電路,而可避免造成電路複雜化及成本提高。
關於本發明電源供應器之一較佳實施例,請參閱圖1所示,其包括一整流電路10、一功率因數校正電路20及一直流對直流轉換電路30等;其中:
該整流電路10具有一交流電源輸入端及一直流電源輸出端,該交流電源輸入端係與一交流電源AC in連接,用以將該交流電源AC in轉換為直流電源;該功率因數校正電路20連接於該整流電路10的直流電源輸出端與該直流對直流轉換電路30的直流電壓輸入端之間。
該功率因數校正電路20包括位於直流電源迴路上的電感L1、二極體、一功率開關S1及一PFC控制器21,其中,該PFC控制器21與該交流電源AC in連接,以檢測取得該交流電源AC in的零交越資訊,另進一步取得電源供應器的負載資訊(例如輸入電流Iin、直流對直流轉換電路30的輸出電流Iout)。
該直流對直流轉換電路30包括一變壓器T1、一DC/DC控制器31及一功率開關S2,該變壓器T1的一次側分別與功率開關S2和功率因數校正電路20的輸出端連接,該DC/DC控制器31的一控制端係與功率開關S2連接。
該直流對直流轉換電路30的DC/DC控制器31、PFC控制器21係透過一通訊協定相互連接,以便由DC/DC控制器31自PFC控制器21取得交流電源AC in的零交越資訊,在本實施例中,該通訊協定係如圖1所示為I 2C,該DC/DC控制器31係自PFC控制器21取得交流電源AC in的零交越資訊及負載資訊。
請進一步參閱圖2所示,該DC/DC控制器31係一脈寬調變(PWM)控制器,包括一控制單元311、一第一加法器312、一脈寬調變器313及一對照表314;其中,該對照表314內建複數的補償訊號,在本實施例中,該補償訊號為一段弦波訊號;該第一加法器312連接於控制單元311的控制指令輸出端和脈寬調變器313的輸入端之間,該控制單元311根據取自PFC控制器21的零交越和負載資訊,由對照表314中找出一筆對應的補償訊號,用以對控制單元311原本輸出至脈寬調變器313的控制指令進行補償,再由脈寬調變器313根據補償後的控制指令驅動功率開關S2,以消除直流對直流轉換電路30輸出電壓中所含的低頻漣波。
在本實施例中,該DC/DC控制器31進一步包括一第二加法器315,該第二加法器315係將該直流對直流轉換電路30回授的輸出電壓Vout(t)與一參考電壓Vref加總後送回控制單元311,一併作為補償之參考。
關於上述對控制指令進行補償的具體技術內容,請配合參閱圖3之波形圖所示,第一個波形A為交流電源AC in的弦波信號,為方便說明係以60Hz為例,其經由整流電路10、功率因數校正電路20轉換後提供該直流對直流轉換電路30一輸入電壓Vin(t)(如圖3之波形B),經過直流對直流轉換電路30轉換後產生一輸出電壓Vout(t)(如圖3之波形C),而該直流對直流轉換電路30的輸入電壓Vin(t)、輸出電壓Vout(t)分別含有120Hz的低頻漣波,上述的補償機制即用以消除該輸出電壓Vout(t)中所含120Hz的低頻漣波。
為確保補償機制與交流電源AC in同步,因此由DC/DC控制器31自PFC控制器21取得該交流電源AC in的零交越資訊,以確定進行補償的時機,主要係由PFC控制器21對交流電源AC in進行零交越偵測(ZCD, Zero Cross Detection),由負半週通過零點進入正半週,或由正半週通過零點進入負半週時,即為PFC控制器21所檢知,該PFC控制器21並透過通訊協定I 2C提供該零交越資訊給DC/DC控制器31,該DC/DC控制器31被通知交流電源AC in出現零交越後,隨即由對照表314中找出一段對應的補償訊號,以便對控制指令(Control Command)進行補償,其中對照表314送出的補償訊號係如圖3之波形G,該控制指令係如圖3之波形D,其為反相於輸入電壓Vin(t)的弦波訊號,而由對照表314取出的補償訊號(波形G)與控制指令同相,經第一加法器312疊加至控制指令(波形D)後係如圖3之波形E,其振幅大於控制指令,由於經過補償的控制指令反相於輸入電壓Vin(t),因此由脈寬調變器313根據補償後的控制指令驅動功率開關S2進行轉換後,經過補償處理後的輸出電壓Vout(t)(如圖3之波形F)其低頻漣波已被顯著消除。
在前述補償機制中,DC/DC控制器31係在交流電源AC in的每一個零交越點進行補償,謹進一步利用時間軸說明其補償時機及用以進行補償的補償訊號內容: 當DC/DC控制器31由零交越資訊中得知交流電源AC in在T0出現零交越,DC/DC控制器31即自對照表314中取出一段弦波(波形G)作為補償訊號疊加在控制指令(波形D)上,經過疊加補償訊號的控制指令即如圖3之波形E中T0~T1的區段。 當DC/DC控制器31又由零交越資訊中得知交流電源AC in在T1出現零交越,DC/DC控制器31將該對照表314中的一段弦波疊加在控制指令上,即如圖3之波形E的T1~T2區段。俟DC/DC控制器31由零交越資訊中得知交流電源AC in在T2出現零交越,DC/DC控制器31將該對照表314中一段對應的弦波疊加在控制指令後,即如圖3之波形E的T2~T3區段。如此逐段地在交流電源AC in的各個零交越點進行補償,除了可以與交流電源AC in同步外,更可精確有效地進行補償。
該DC/DC控制器31除了由零交越資訊配合查表方式對輸出電壓Vout(t)進行補償外,同時也參考電源供應器的負載資訊進行調整,以便在負載有所變動,能即時因負載變動所衍生的變化進行補償,如圖2所示,該對照表314與第一加法器312之間設有一受控於該控制單元311的調節器316,該控制單元311根據負載資訊控制該調節器316,以便對照表314輸出的補償訊號進行大小調整,藉以調整疊加到控制指令的補償訊號大小。所稱的負載資訊包括透過通訊協定I 2C取得的輸入電流Iin、透過第二加法器315取得回授的輸出電壓Vout(t)、輸出電流Iout,以便將負載變動的因素一併列入補償。
由上述可知,由於本發明採用的補償技術無須調整控制器的低頻響應速度,因此不虞對其他特性造成影響,又該直流對直流轉換電路的DC/DC轉換器係由功率因數校正電路取得交流電源的零交越資訊,配合查表方式對原始的控制指令進行補償,因此無須額外設置硬體電路,而可避免造成電路複雜化及成本提高。
10‧‧‧整流電路
20‧‧‧功率因數校正電路
21‧‧‧PFC控制器
30‧‧‧直流對直流轉換電路
31‧‧‧DC/DC控制器
311‧‧‧控制單元
312‧‧‧第一加法器
313‧‧‧脈寬調變器
314‧‧‧對照表
315‧‧‧第二加法器
316‧‧‧調節器
81‧‧‧整流電路
82‧‧‧功率因數校正電路
83‧‧‧直流對直流轉換電路
84‧‧‧漣波抑制電路
841‧‧‧高通濾波器
842‧‧‧加法器
圖1 係本發明電源供應器一較佳實施例的電路圖。 圖2 係本發明電源供應器一較佳實施例之PFC控制器的電路圖。 圖3 係本發明電源供應器一較佳實施例進行補償之波形圖。 圖4 係已知交換式電源供應器之電路圖。 圖5 係已知交換式電源供應器的直流對直流轉換電路之波形圖。 圖6 係一種具有低頻漣波補償機制之直流對直流轉換電路的方塊圖。
31‧‧‧DC/DC控制器
311‧‧‧控制單元
312‧‧‧第一加法器
313‧‧‧脈寬調變器
314‧‧‧對照表
315‧‧‧第二加法器
316‧‧‧調節器

Claims (10)

  1. 一種電源供應器之輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,包括一功率因數校正電路及一直流對直流轉換電路,該直流對直流轉換電路含有一DC/DC控制器,而由該DC/DC控制器執行以下步驟: 提供一對照表,該對照表內建複數的補償訊號; 自該功率因數校正電路取得一交流電源的零交越資訊; 由該零交越資訊判斷交流電源是否出現零交越; 當交流電源出現零交越,由該對照表中取出一對應的補償訊號對一控制指令進行補償。
  2. 如請求項1所述電源供應器之輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,該補償訊號係一弦波訊號。
  3. 如請求項2所述電源供應器之輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,該補償訊號係一反相於該直流對直流轉換電路之輸入電壓的弦波訊號。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項所述電源供應器之輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,該DC/DC控制器進一步取得一負載資訊,以配合零交越資訊對控制指令進行補償。
  5. 如請求項4所述電源供應器之輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,該負載資訊係取自該功率因數校正電路,包括該功率因數校正電路的輸入電流。
  6. 如請求項4所述電源供應器之輸出電壓低頻漣波補償方法,該負載資訊包括該直流對直流轉換電路的輸出電流、輸出電壓。
  7. 一種電源供應器,包括: 一功率因數校正電路,具有一PFC控制器,該PFC控制器係與一交流電源連接,並檢測提供該交流資訊的零交越資訊; 一直流對直流轉換電路,具有一DC/DC控制器,該DC/DC控制器係透過一通訊協定與該PFC控制器連接,以取得該交流電源的零交越資訊;該DC/DC控制器具有一控制單元,並內建一具有複數補償訊號的對照表,由該控制單元根據所取得交流電源的零交越資訊由該對照表找出對應的補償訊號,對一原始的控制指令進行補償。
  8. 如請求項7所述之電源供應器,該DC/DC控制器係一脈寬調變(PWM)控制器,包括一控制單元、一第一加法器、一脈寬調變器及一對照表;其中,該第一加法器連接於該控制單元的控制指令輸出端和脈寬調變器的輸入端之間;該控制單元根據取自該PFC控制器的零交越資訊,由該對照表中找出一筆對應的補償訊號,用以對該控制單元輸出至該脈寬調變器的控制指令進行補償。
  9. 如請求項8所述之電源供應器,該DC/DC控制器進一步包括一第二加法器,該第二加法器係將該直流對直流轉換電路回授的輸出電壓與一參考電壓加總後送回該控制單元。
  10. 如請求項7至9中任一項所述之電源供應器,該對照表與第一加法器之間設有一調節器,該調節器連接且受控於該控制單元,該控制單元根據負載資訊控制該調節器,以調整疊加至控制指令之補償訊號大小。
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