TWI488923B - Ink composition for ink-jet printing - Google Patents
Ink composition for ink-jet printing Download PDFInfo
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- TWI488923B TWI488923B TW103106809A TW103106809A TWI488923B TW I488923 B TWI488923 B TW I488923B TW 103106809 A TW103106809 A TW 103106809A TW 103106809 A TW103106809 A TW 103106809A TW I488923 B TWI488923 B TW I488923B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
本發明關於一種適合於以噴墨方式的印刷或塗佈的反應性墨水組成物。特別是關於一種可藉由紫外線(UV)、電子束(EB)等活性能量射線(active-energy-ray)的照射而立即硬化的墨水組成物。The present invention relates to a reactive ink composition suitable for printing or coating by an ink jet method. In particular, it relates to an ink composition which can be immediately hardened by irradiation with an active-energy-ray such as ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB).
以噴墨方式的印刷或塗佈,不僅是對於紙的印刷,也被使用於對於塑膠材料或纖維材料等的列印(printing)或賦予圖案(pattern),近年來則也被使用於為製造電子、電氣裝置的配線形成、光阻圖案(resist pattern)形成等。特別是在使用藉由活性能量射線即可立即硬化的墨水組成物的情況,可使得硬化後的墨水變成具有耐水性、耐溶劑性、耐摩擦牢固性(rubfastness)等,因此為較佳。Printing or coating by inkjet printing is not only for printing on paper, but also for printing or patterning of plastic materials or fiber materials, and in recent years, it has also been used for manufacturing. Wiring of electronic and electrical devices, formation of a resist pattern, and the like. In particular, in the case of using an ink composition which can be immediately cured by active energy rays, the cured ink can be made to have water resistance, solvent resistance, rubfastness, and the like, which is preferable.
在專利文獻1所揭述的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物中,作 為構成主要硬化性成份的交聯性(crosslinkable)(多官能)單體,是使用經在新戊四醇聚合物的環氧烷(alkylene oxide)加成物(adduct)末端導入反應性官能基而成者。然而,若根據具體實施例,則經在末端導入丙烯酸酯基而成的交聯性單體(crosslinkable monomer)(實施例1)在25℃的黏度卻為580mPas而為較高。此外,所獲得硬化物的耐摩擦牢固性,推想可能為在於不會被指甲刮傷、或受刮傷的程度(第100~102段落)。亦即,一般認為在黏度、及硬化物的強度或牢固性(fastness property)方面是希望加以改良者。In the ink composition for inkjet printing disclosed in Patent Document 1, A crosslinkable (polyfunctional) monomer constituting a main hardening component is a reactive functional group introduced at the end of an alkylene oxide adduct (adduct) of a neopentyl alcohol polymer. Founder. However, according to a specific example, a crosslinkable monomer (Example 1) obtained by introducing an acrylate group at a terminal has a viscosity at 25 ° C of 580 mPas and is high. Further, the frictional fastness of the obtained cured product may be such that it is not scratched or scratched by the nail (paragraphs 100 to 102). That is, it is generally considered that it is desired to improve the viscosity and the strength of the cured product or the fastness property.
在專利文獻2所揭述的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,其特徵為含有特定的光聚合引發劑(photo-polymerization initiator)、與作為表面調整劑(surface regulator)的聚矽氧系(silicone-based)化合物等,例如在實施例18及實施例23中,將二新戊四醇-六丙烯酸酯與二丙烯酸酯化合物一起使用作為交聯性(多官能)單體(表3及表4)。然而,若是六丙烯酸酯含量較少的實施例18,雖然在25℃的黏度為如15mPas的低值,但是硬化性的評估卻為「△」,未必是充分的(表8)。此外,若是六丙烯酸酯含量為實施例18的2倍以上的實施例23,雖然硬化性的評估為「○」而為良好,但是黏度卻為29mPas而成為實施例18 的約2倍(表9)。亦即,一般認為期望進一步的改良,以使得黏度及硬化性同時變成良好。The ink composition for inkjet printing disclosed in Patent Document 2 is characterized by containing a specific photo-polymerization initiator and a poly-oxygen system (silicone-based as a surface regulator). Based on a compound or the like, for example, in Example 18 and Example 23, dipentaerythritol-hexaacrylate was used together with a diacrylate compound as a crosslinkable (polyfunctional) monomer (Table 3 and Table 4). . However, in Example 18 in which the content of hexaacrylate was small, although the viscosity at 25 ° C was as low as 15 mPas, the evaluation of the hardenability was "Δ", which was not necessarily sufficient (Table 8). In addition, in Example 23, in which the hexaacrylate content was twice or more that of Example 18, the evaluation of the hardenability was "○" and was good, but the viscosity was 29 mPas, and Example 18 was obtained. About 2 times (Table 9). That is, it is generally considered that further improvement is desired so that the viscosity and the hardenability become good at the same time.
此外,在專利文獻3所揭述的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,其特徵為含有經ε-己內酯(ε-caprolactone)改質的六丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯、與烯丙基二醇(allyl glycol)者。雖然其係藉由將交聯性單體以己內酯加以改質來抑制硬化收縮,但是由於己內酯的鏈段長度較大,可以想像交聯密度(crosslinking density)將會降低、硬化物的硬度及耐摩擦牢固性未必是足夠。Further, the ink composition for inkjet printing disclosed in Patent Document 3 is characterized in that it contains dineopentaerythritol hexaacrylate modified with ε-caprolactone (ε-caprolactone), and allyl propylene Aldyl glycol. Although it inhibits hardening shrinkage by modifying the crosslinkable monomer with caprolactone, since the length of the segment of caprolactone is large, it is conceivable that the crosslinking density will be lowered and the hardened substance will be hardened. Hardness and friction fastness are not necessarily sufficient.
在另一方面,在專利文獻4中,揭述藉由噴墨方式塗佈紫外線硬化性樹脂,以設置用於製造印刷基板(printed board)的光阻圖案。On the other hand, Patent Document 4 discloses that a UV curable resin is applied by an inkjet method to provide a photoresist pattern for manufacturing a printed board.
專利文獻1:日本特開第2011-132386號Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-132386
專利文獻2:日本特開第2009-275175號Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-275175
專利文獻3:日本特開第2010-202736號Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-202736
專利文獻4:日本專利特開第2012-184411號Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-184411
本發明是有鑑於上述所完成,其技術問題在於提供一種噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,可將交聯性單體的黏度及硬化時的收縮性保持為較低,並且使得硬化性及硬化物的耐摩擦牢固性變良好者。The present invention has been made in view of the above, and a technical problem thereof is to provide an ink composition for inkjet printing which can maintain the viscosity of a crosslinkable monomer and shrinkability at the time of hardening to be low, and to make a hardenability and a cured product. The friction resistance is improved.
本案發明人為解決上述問題而進行精心研究,結果發現若使用環氧烷改質(alkylene oxide-modified)(甲基)丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯[dipentaerythritol(meth)acrylate]作為交聯性單體,並且作為該改質(甲基)丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯而使用環氧烷加成莫耳數為適度地為較少者時,則可將黏度及硬化時的收縮性保持為較低,並且將硬化性及硬化物的耐摩擦牢固性變良好者,基於此發現而完成本發明。The inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and found that if an alkylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol (meth)acrylate is used as a crosslinkable monomer When the amount of the alkylene oxide addition moth used as the modified (meth)acrylic acid dipentaerythritol ester is moderately small, the viscosity and the shrinkability at the time of hardening can be kept low. Further, the present invention has been completed based on the findings that the hardenability and the rubbing fastness of the cured product are improved.
亦即,本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物是包含具有以下述通式(I)及(II)所代表的結構之環氧烷改質(甲基)丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯者。That is, the ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention is one comprising an alkylene oxide (meth)acrylic acid pentaerythritol having a structure represented by the following general formulae (I) and (II).
其中,在通式(I)中,R表示以通式(II)所代表的取代基,AO表示選自以-CH2 CH2 O-、-CH2 CH(CH3 )O-、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 O-、或-CH2 CH(C2 H5 )O-所代表的環氧烷單元中的一種或兩種以上,表示經加成環氧烷鏈的平均聚合度的L為0<L≦5,m的平均值為大於0且5以下,環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數L×m為0<L×m≦5,n為1或2,o的平均值為0以上且6以下,且m、n及o的合計值為6;在通式(II)中,R2 表示氫原子或甲基。Wherein, in the formula (I), R represents a substituent represented by the formula (II), and AO represents a group selected from -CH 2 CH 2 O-, -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O-, -CH One or more of 2 alkylene oxide units represented by 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O- or -CH 2 CH(C 2 H 5 )O-, indicating the average degree of polymerization of the added alkylene oxide chain L is 0 < L ≦ 5, the average value of m is greater than 0 and 5 or less, and the average addition molar number of the alkylene oxide L × m is 0 < L × m ≦ 5, n is 1 or 2, o The average value is 0 or more and 6 or less, and the total value of m, n, and o is 6; in the general formula (II), R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物是包含具有以上述通式(I)、(II)所代表的結構之交聯性單體而成,且因應 需要而包含可與此交聯性單體進行反應的非交聯性單體。此外,因應需要而包含作為著色成份的顏料或染料、或為賦予導電性等的金屬微粉末等,此外,在使用顏料的情況,則因應需要而包含顏料分散劑。The ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention is obtained by including a crosslinkable monomer having a structure represented by the above formulas (I) and (II), and A non-crosslinkable monomer reactive with the crosslinkable monomer is included as needed. In addition, a pigment or a dye as a coloring component, a metal fine powder which imparts conductivity or the like, and the like are contained as needed, and when a pigment is used, a pigment dispersing agent is contained as needed.
本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物較佳為完全不含溶劑。此外,在含有溶劑的情況,也為5重量%以下,較佳為1重量%以下。本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物較佳為在25℃的黏度為1~50mPas,更佳為3~15mPas。此黏度的測定是可根據日本JIS K 5600-2-3來進行。The ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention is preferably completely free of a solvent. Further, in the case of containing a solvent, it is also 5% by weight or less, preferably 1% by weight or less. The ink composition for ink jet printing of the present invention preferably has a viscosity at 25 ° C of 1 to 50 mPas, more preferably 3 to 15 mPas. The viscosity was measured in accordance with JIS K 5600-2-3 of Japan.
本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,特別是藉由照射紫外線、電子束、藍色可見光線、伽瑪射線(gamma-ray)等的活性能量射線即可硬化者。在使用紫外線的情況,光源可使用含有波長為在150~450nm的範圍內的光,且因應需要含有光聚合引發劑。此外,也可併用藉由紅外線、遠紅外線、熱風、高頻率加熱等的熱。在本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物的顏料以外的部份中的能量射線硬化性成份,特別是紫外線硬化性成份的比率,通常為70~95重量%,典型的是80~90重量%。另外,藉由活性能量射線照射的硬化,例如也可在噴出噴嘴(nozzle)的正後方配置照射燈而與塗佈大致同時進行,此外,也可在完成塗佈圖案後,設 置在照射裝置內來進行。The ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention can be cured by, for example, irradiation with an active energy ray such as ultraviolet rays, electron beams, blue visible rays, or gamma rays. In the case of using ultraviolet rays, the light source may use light having a wavelength in the range of 150 to 450 nm, and if necessary, a photopolymerization initiator. Further, heat by infrared rays, far infrared rays, hot air, high frequency heating, or the like may be used in combination. The ratio of the energy ray hardening component, particularly the ultraviolet curable component, in the portion other than the pigment of the ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention is usually 70 to 95% by weight, typically 80 to 90% by weight. . Further, the curing by the active energy ray irradiation may be performed, for example, by arranging the irradiation lamp directly behind the nozzle (nozzle) and substantially simultaneously with the coating, or after the coating pattern is completed. It is placed in the irradiation device.
本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物是具有以上述通式(I)、(II)所代表的結構作為交聯性單體者。在式(I)中,AO表示以-CH2 CH2 O-、或-CH2 CH(CH3 )O-、或-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 O-、或-CH2 CH(C2 H5 )O-所代表的環氧烷單元。亦即,表示環氧乙烷(EO)單元、環氧丙烷(PO)單元、及環氧丁烷單元中的任一者,其中從黏度、光敏度、聚合率(polymerization rate)的觀點考慮,較佳為環氧乙烷單元。此等環氧烷單元是可以一種單獨存在、或兩種以上並存。The ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention has a structure represented by the above formulas (I) and (II) as a crosslinkable monomer. In formula (I), AO represents -CH 2 CH 2 O-, or -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O-, or -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-, or -CH 2 CH(C An alkylene oxide unit represented by 2 H 5 )O-. That is, it means any one of an ethylene oxide (EO) unit, a propylene oxide (PO) unit, and a butylene oxide unit, from the viewpoints of viscosity, photosensitivity, and polymerization rate. It is preferably an ethylene oxide unit. These alkylene oxide units may be present alone or in combination of two or more.
二新戊四醇每1莫耳環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數(L×m)為超過0且5以下,較佳為1以上且3以下。環氧烷的平均加成莫耳數,若為在小於此範圍時,則降低交聯單體(crosslinked monomer)的黏度的作用、及提高光敏度的作用等將變得不足夠。此外,若為在大於此範圍時,則交聯性單體的黏度反而變大,以致如欲使噴出性成為良好,則需要增加單官能性(稀釋)單體的摻合量。此外,由於環氧烷鏈變長則交聯密度亦會以相應的量下降,硬化物的強度會降低。在另一方面,表示經加成環氧烷鏈的平均聚合 度的L為0<L≦5,較佳為1≦L≦3。此外,m的平均值為大於0且6以下,較佳為1以上且2以下。表示所殘留羥基的n的平均值為0以上且小於6,較佳為1以上且2以下。0的平均值為0以上且6以下,較佳為0以上且4以下。此等m、n及o的合計值為6。The average addition molar number (L x m) of dipentaerythritol per 1 mole of alkylene oxide is more than 0 and 5 or less, preferably 1 or more and 3 or less. When the average molar amount of the alkylene oxide is less than this range, the effect of lowering the viscosity of the crosslinked monomer and the effect of improving the photosensitivity are insufficient. Further, when it is larger than this range, the viscosity of the crosslinkable monomer becomes large, so that if the discharge property is desired to be good, it is necessary to increase the blending amount of the monofunctional (diluted) monomer. Further, since the alkylene oxide chain becomes long, the crosslinking density is also lowered by a corresponding amount, and the strength of the cured product is lowered. On the other hand, it represents the average polymerization of the added alkylene oxide chain. The degree L is 0 < L ≦ 5, preferably 1 ≦ L ≦ 3. Further, the average value of m is more than 0 and 6 or less, preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. The average value of n indicating the residual hydroxyl group is 0 or more and less than 6, preferably 1 or more and 2 or less. The average value of 0 is 0 or more and 6 or less, preferably 0 or more and 4 or less. The total value of these m, n, and o is 6.
R是以通式(II)所代表的(甲基)丙烯醯基[(meth)acryloyl group],在通式(II)中,R2 是氫原子或甲基,波狀線部(wavy line part)表示鍵結部。R is a (meth)acryloyl group represented by the formula (II), and in the formula (II), R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a wavy line Part) indicates the key portion.
亦即,上述的交聯單體具有二新戊四醇的六個羥基的一部份或全部是經由環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷、環氧丁烷、或由此等的複數種所構成的間隔基(spacer)而轉換成以通式(II)所代表的(甲基)丙烯酸酯基的結構。並且,由於未具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基的一個或兩個羥基會作為親水性基而殘留,有助於對各種基板等的密著性。That is, the crosslinking monomer having a part or all of the six hydroxyl groups of dipentaerythritol is composed of a plurality of kinds of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or the like. The spacer is converted into a structure of a (meth) acrylate group represented by the general formula (II). Further, since one or two hydroxyl groups having no (meth) acrylate group remain as a hydrophilic group, adhesion to various substrates and the like is facilitated.
上述的交聯性單體,可藉由例如在下文中的方法進行製造,但是其製造途徑並無特殊的限制,任何製造方法皆可採用。The above crosslinkable monomer can be produced by, for example, the method hereinafter, but the production route thereof is not particularly limited, and any production method can be employed.
將二新戊四醇作為原料的環氧烷改質方法是可任意選擇。作為一般的方法,除了使用環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷、環氧丁烷等環氧烷的方法以外,也可列舉:使用碳酸伸乙酯(ethylene carbonate)、碳酸伸丙酯、碳酸伸丁酯等環狀碳酸酯的方法;及使用氯乙醇(ethylene chlorohydrin)的方法。The alkylene oxide upgrading method using dipentaerythritol as a raw material can be arbitrarily selected. As a general method, in addition to a method of using an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, an ethylene carbonate, a propyl carbonate, or a carbonic acid ester may be used. a method of a cyclic carbonate such as an ester; and a method of using ethylene chlorohydrin.
此外,在下文中敘述的製造方法中,由於作為上述的交聯性單體的原料所使用的(甲基)丙烯酸化合物是聚合性高,可適當地使用聚合抑制劑(polymerization inhibitor)以使得在製造時或製品保管中不致於進行聚合。作為聚合抑制劑,可列舉:對苯醌、氫醌(hydroquinone)、氫醌單甲基醚、2,5-二苯基對苯醌等的氫醌類;四甲基哌啶基-N-氧基自由基(tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxy radical)(TEMPO)等的N-氧基自由基類;三級丁基兒茶酚等的經取代的兒茶酚類;啡噻(phenothiazine)、二苯基胺、苯基-β-萘基胺等的胺類;銅鐵靈(Cupferron)、亞硝基苯、苦味酸(picric acid)、分子狀氧(molecular oxygen)、硫、氯化銅(II)[copper(II)chloride]等。其中,氫醌類、啡噻及N-氧基自由基類是在泛用性且聚合抑制功效方面為較佳。Further, in the production method described below, since the (meth)acrylic compound used as the raw material of the above-mentioned crosslinkable monomer is highly polymerizable, a polymerization inhibitor can be suitably used to make it in the production. Do not polymerize during storage or product storage. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinones such as p-benzoquinone, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, and 2,5-diphenyl-p-benzoquinone; tetramethylpiperidinyl-N- N-oxyl radicals such as tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxy radical (TEMPO); substituted catechols such as tertiary butyl catechol; An amine such as phenothiazine, diphenylamine or phenyl-β-naphthylamine; Cupferron, nitrosobenzene, picric acid, molecular oxygen, sulfur , copper (II) chloride [copper (II) chloride] and the like. Among them, hydroquinones, thiophenes And N-oxyl radicals are preferred in terms of versatility and polymerization inhibition efficiency.
聚合抑制劑的添加量,相對於目的物的以通式(I)所代表的化合物,下限為大約10ppm以上,較佳為30ppm 以上,上限通常為5000ppm以下,較佳為1000ppm以下。若太少時,則不會顯現充分的聚合抑制功效,且在製造時或製品保管中有進行聚合的危險性;若太多時,則相反地有可能會阻礙硬化、聚合反應。因此,有導致造成本發明的化合物單獨、或作為其聚合性樹脂組成物時的光敏度降低、硬化物的交聯不良、力學強度等物性降低等的顧慮,因此為不佳。The addition amount of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably about 10 ppm or more, preferably 30 ppm, based on the compound represented by the formula (I) with respect to the object. The upper limit is usually 5,000 ppm or less, preferably 1,000 ppm or less. If it is too small, sufficient polymerization inhibiting effect will not be exhibited, and there is a risk of polymerization during production or storage of the product; if too much, the curing or polymerization reaction may be inhibited conversely. Therefore, there is a concern that the sensitivity of the compound of the present invention alone or as a polymerizable resin composition is lowered, the crosslinking property of the cured product is poor, and the physical properties such as mechanical strength are lowered, which is not preferable.
在製造上述的交聯性單體時,(甲基)丙烯酸酯基的一般性導入方法,可列舉:使用對應於丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等作為目的結構的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的酯交換法;使用(甲基)丙烯酸氯化物[(meth)acrylic acid chloride]的酸氯化物法(acid chloride method);使用N,N’-二環己基碳化二亞胺、氯化2-氯-1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓(2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride)、丙烷膦酸酐(propanephosphonic anhydride)、羰基二咪唑(carbonyldiimidazole,CDI)、WSCD(水溶性碳化二亞胺)等的縮合劑(condensation agent)的方法;在酸觸媒(acid catalyst)的存在下,與(甲基)丙烯酸進行共沸-脫水的脫水酯化法等。在下文中,關於代表性的環氧烷改質二新戊四醇的酯化反應,揭述在製造上可行的條件。In the case of producing the above-mentioned crosslinkable monomer, a general introduction method of the (meth) acrylate group is a (meth) acrylate having a desired structure corresponding to methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate. Transesterification method; acid chloride method using (meth)acrylic acid chloride; using N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, chlorination 2- 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride, propanephosphonic anhydride, carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), WSCD (water-soluble carbodiimide) A method of a condensation agent or the like; a dehydration esterification method in which azeotropic-dehydration is carried out with (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst. In the following, regarding the esterification reaction of a representative alkylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol, conditions practicable in terms of production are disclosed.
反應是可將(甲基)丙烯酸與環氧烷改質二新戊四醇在酸觸媒的存在下,一邊餾除所形成的水,一邊進行。作為所使用的酸,只要其為通常使用於酯化反應的酸時,則可並無特殊限制地使用。可列舉:例如,硫酸、或鹽酸等的無機酸;對甲苯磺酸或甲磺酸、樟腦磺酸(camphorsulfonic acid)等的有機磺酸;酸型離子交換樹脂、氟化硼-醚錯合物(fluorinated boron-ether complex)等的路易斯酸(Lewis acid);鑭系元素三氟甲磺酸酸鹽(lanthanoid triflate)等的水溶性路易斯酸等。此等酸是可以一種單獨、或將任意酸兩種以上混合使用。The reaction can be carried out by distilling off the formed water in the presence of an acid catalyst with (meth)acrylic acid and alkylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol. The acid to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is an acid which is usually used in the esterification reaction. For example, an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid; an organic sulfonic acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid or camphorsulfonic acid; an acid ion exchange resin; and a boron fluoride-ether complex. (Lewis acid) such as a fluorinated boron-ether complex; a water-soluble Lewis acid such as a lanthanoid triflate or the like. These acids may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds of any of them.
酸的使用量,相對於基質的環氧烷改質二新戊四醇,下限為0.1莫耳當量(mole equivalent)以上,較佳為0.5莫耳當量以上。在另一方面,上限則並無限制,通常為20莫耳當量以下,較佳為10莫耳當量以下。若酸觸媒量為太少時,則反應的進行會變得遲緩或停止,因此為不佳,此外,若為太多時,則有會產生製品帶色(colored)、或觸媒殘留等的問題、或形成邁克爾加成物(Michael addition product)等的不良副反應的傾向。The amount of the acid to be used is preferably 0.1 mole equivalent or more, preferably 0.5 mole equivalent or more, relative to the alkylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol of the substrate. On the other hand, the upper limit is not limited and is usually 20 mol equivalent or less, preferably 10 mol equivalent or less. If the amount of the acid catalyst is too small, the progress of the reaction may be delayed or stopped, which is not preferable, and if it is too much, the product may be colored or the catalyst may remain. The problem, or the tendency to form undesirable side reactions such as Michael addition product.
反應是在溶媒系、無溶媒系中的任一者皆可進行,但是從副產物的形成、製程上的操作使用(handling)方面考慮 ,較佳為溶劑系。在使用溶媒的情況,則所使用的溶媒並無特殊的限制,適合使用甲苯、二甲苯(茬)(xylene)等的芳香族烴溶媒;己烷、庚烷等的脂肪族烴溶媒;二乙基醚、四氫呋喃、單乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚等的醚系溶媒;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等的鹵素系溶媒等。此等溶媒是可以一種單獨使用、或混合任意複數的溶媒來使用。The reaction can be carried out in either a solvent-based or solvent-free system, but it is considered from the viewpoint of formation of by-products and handling in the process. Preferably, it is a solvent system. When a solvent is used, the solvent to be used is not particularly limited, and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or xylene or an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane or heptane is suitable; An ether-based solvent such as a group ether, tetrahydrofuran, monoethylene glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; or a halogen-based solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. These solvents may be used singly or in combination with any plural number of solvents.
在使用溶媒的情況,其使用量是使得原料環氧烷改質二新戊四醇的濃度通常為1質量%以上,較佳為20質量%以上,上限則並無特殊的限制,通常為80質量%以下,較佳為70質量%以下。反應通常是在所使用的溶媒的沸點以上進行,並且一邊餾除所形成的水,一邊進行。但是,在進行使用上述(甲基)丙烯酸氯化物或縮合劑的反應時,則有在溶劑的沸點以下、或在冰冷下進行反應的情況。反應時間可任意選擇,藉由測定所形成的水量、系統內的酸值(acid value),即可確認反應的終點。In the case of using a solvent, the amount of the raw material alkylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is usually 80. The mass% or less is preferably 70% by mass or less. The reaction is usually carried out at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solvent to be used, and is carried out while distilling off the formed water. However, when the reaction using the above (meth)acrylic acid chloride or a condensing agent is carried out, the reaction may be carried out at a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent or under ice cooling. The reaction time can be arbitrarily selected, and the end point of the reaction can be confirmed by measuring the amount of water formed and the acid value in the system.
反應時間是下限通常為30分鐘以上,較佳為60分鐘以上,上限則並無特殊的限制,通常為20小時以下,較佳為10小時以下。The reaction time is usually 30 minutes or longer, preferably 60 minutes or longer, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is usually 20 hours or shorter, preferably 10 hours or shorter.
經由上述的反應所製造以通式(I)所代表的化合物,可並無特殊限制地使用先前所使用的精製方法加以精製。例如,蒸餾法、再結晶法、萃取洗淨法、吸附處理法等。在實施蒸餾的情況,其形態可任意選擇簡單蒸餾(simple distillation)、精密蒸餾(precision distillation)、薄膜蒸餾(film distillation)、分子蒸餾(molecular distillation)等。The compound represented by the formula (I) can be produced by the above reaction, and can be purified without any particular limitation using the purification method previously used. For example, a distillation method, a recrystallization method, an extraction washing method, an adsorption treatment method, and the like. In the case of performing distillation, a simple distillation, a precision distillation, a film distillation, a molecular distillation, or the like can be arbitrarily selected.
上述的交聯性單體,由於具有聚合性,較佳為保存於暗冷處。此外,為了防止聚合,也可將上述聚合抑制劑使用上述量來保存。The above crosslinkable monomer is preferably stored in a dark place due to its polymerizability. Further, in order to prevent polymerization, the above polymerization inhibitor may be stored using the above amount.
在本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,可摻合顏料或染料作為著色劑。為獲得耐候性,較佳為顏料,可使用無機顏料、有機顏料中的任一者或兩者。此外,作為黑色顏料、或以遮蔽為目的,可摻合經由接觸法(contact method)、爐法(furnace method)、熱裂法(thermal method)等習知的方法製造而成的碳黑。並且,為賦予導電性,可摻合各種金屬粉末或石墨粉末等。In the ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention, a pigment or a dye may be blended as a colorant. In order to obtain weather resistance, a pigment is preferable, and either or both of an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment can be used. Further, as a black pigment or for the purpose of shielding, carbon black produced by a conventional method such as a contact method, a furnace method, or a thermal method may be blended. Further, in order to impart conductivity, various metal powders, graphite powders, and the like may be blended.
作為無機顏料,可列舉:鉻黃(chrome yellow)、鋅黃(zinc yellow)、藏青(iron blue)(普魯士藍(Prussian blue))、硫酸鋇、鎘紅(cadmium red)、氧化鈦、鋅白(zinc white)(氧化鋅(zinc oxide))、紅鐵粉(red ocher)(紅丹)(Bengala)、氧化鋁、碳酸鈣、群青(ultramarine)、石墨(graphite)及鈦黑等。作為有機顏料,可列舉:β-萘酚系(β-naphthol-based)、β-羥基萘甲酸系醯苯胺系(β-oxynaphthoic anilide-based)、乙醯基醋酸苯胺系(acetoacetic anilide-based)、吡唑酮系(pyrazolone-based)等的可溶性偶氮顏料;β-萘酚系、β-羥基萘甲酸系(β-oxynaphthoic acid-based)、β-羥基萘甲酸系醯苯胺系、乙醯基醋酸苯胺系單偶氮(acetoacetic anilide-based monoazo)、乙醯基醋酸苯胺系雙偶氮(acetoacetic anilide-based disazo)、吡唑酮系(pyrazolone-based)等的不溶性偶氮顏料;銅酞花青藍(copper phthalocyanine blue)、鹵化銅酞花青藍、磺化銅酞花青藍、無金屬酞花青(metal-free phthalocyanine)等的酞花青系顏料;異吲哚啉酮系(isoindolinone-based)、喹吖酮系(quinacridone-based)、二噁系(dioxazine-based)、紫環酮系(perinone-based)及苝系(perylene-based)等的多環式或雜環式化合物。此外,作為黑色顏料的碳黑,可列舉:三菱化學公司(Mitsubishi Chemical Co.,Inc.)製的HCF #2650、HCF #2600、HCF #2350、HCF #2300、MCF #1000 、MCF #980、MCF #970、MCF #960、MCF88、LFFMA7、MA8、MA11、MA77、MA100;及Degussa-Huls公司(Degussa-Huls Corporation)製的Printex 95、Printex 85、Printex 75、Printex 55、Printex 45等。並且,作為賦予導電性的金屬粉末,可列舉:鋁的微粉末等。Examples of the inorganic pigment include chrome yellow, zinc yellow, iron blue (Prussian blue), barium sulfate, cadmium red, titanium oxide, and zinc white. (zinc white) (zinc oxide), red iron (red ocher) (Bengala), alumina, calcium carbonate, ultramarine, graphite, and titanium black. Examples of the organic pigment include β-naphthol-based, β-hydroxynaphthoic anilide-based, and acetoacetic anilide-based. , soluble azo pigments such as pyrazolone-based; β-naphthol-based, β-hydroxynaphthoic acid-based, β-hydroxynaphthoic acid anilide, acetamidine An insoluble azo pigment such as acetoacetic anilide-based monoazo, acetoacetic anilide-based disazo, pyrazolone-based or the like; Copper phthalocyanine blue, copper phthalocyanine blue, sulfonated copper phthalocyanine blue, metal-free phthalocyanine, etc. Isoindolinone-based, quinacridone-based, dioxins A polycyclic or heterocyclic compound such as dioxazine-based, perinone-based, and perylene-based. Further, examples of the carbon black as the black pigment include HCF #2650, HCF #2600, HCF #2350, HCF #2300, MCF #1000, MCF #980, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Inc. MCF #970, MCF #960, MCF88, LFFMA7, MA8, MA11, MA77, MA100; and Printex 95, Printex 85, Printex 75, Printex 55, Printex 45, etc. manufactured by Degussa-Huls Corporation. Further, examples of the metal powder to which conductivity is imparted are fine powder of aluminum or the like.
顏料等的粒徑(重量平均粒徑)較佳為0.01μm~2.0μm,更佳為0.01μm~1.0μm。顏料等的摻合量在噴墨印刷用墨水組成物中為1~60重量%,較佳為5~40重量%。在摻合顏料的情況,較佳為將各顏料分散劑或顏料衍生物同時摻合,作為顏料分散劑,具體而言,可列舉:例如,離子性或非離子性的界面活性劑、或陰離子性、陽離子性或非離子性的高分子化合物等。在此等中,從分散穩定性的觀點考慮,較佳為含有陽離子性基或陰離子性基的高分子化合物。例如,可使用聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基縮醛、聚丙烯酸、含有羥基的羧酸酯、長鏈聚胺基醯胺與高分子量酸酯的鹽、高分子量聚羧酸的鹽、長鏈聚胺基醯胺與極性酸酯的鹽、高分子量不飽和酸酯、高分子共聚合物、改質聚胺基甲酸酯、改質聚丙烯酸酯、聚醚酯型陰離子系活性劑、萘磺酸甲醛縮合物鹽(naphthalenesulfonic acid-formalin condensate salt)、芳香族磺酸甲醛縮合物鹽、聚氧乙烯烷基磷酸酯 (polyoxyethylene alkylphosphoric acid ester)、聚氧乙烯壬基苯基醚、硬脂基胺醋酸酯(stearylamine acetate)。可獲自市售的顏料分散劑,可列舉:The Lubrizol公司(The Lubrizol Corporation)製的SOLSPERSE、BYK Chemie公司(BYK Chemie Corp.)製的DISPERBYK、EFKA添加劑公司(EFKA Additives B.V.)製的EFKA等。作為顏料衍生物,具體而言,可列舉:例如,具有二烷基胺基烷基的顏料衍生物、具有二烷基胺基烷基磺酸醯胺基的顏料衍生物等。顏料分散劑等的摻合量,較佳為在噴墨印刷用墨水組成物中為0.05~5重量%。The particle diameter (weight average particle diameter) of the pigment or the like is preferably from 0.01 μm to 2.0 μm, more preferably from 0.01 μm to 1.0 μm. The blending amount of the pigment or the like is 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight, based on the ink composition for inkjet printing. In the case of blending a pigment, it is preferred to simultaneously blend each pigment dispersant or pigment derivative as a pigment dispersant, and specific examples thereof include, for example, an ionic or nonionic surfactant, or an anion. A cationic, cationic or nonionic polymeric compound. Among these, a polymer compound containing a cationic group or an anionic group is preferred from the viewpoint of dispersion stability. For example, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyacrylic acid, carboxylate-containing carboxylate, long-chain polyamine amide and high molecular weight acid ester salt, high molecular weight polycarboxylate can be used. Acid salts, salts of long chain polyamine amides and polar acid esters, high molecular weight unsaturated acid esters, high molecular copolymers, modified polyurethanes, modified polyacrylates, polyether esters Anionic active agent, naphthalenesulfonic acid-formalin condensate salt, aromatic sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphate (polyoxyethylene alkylphosphoric acid ester), polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, stearylamine acetate. A commercially available pigment dispersant may be mentioned, such as: SOLSPERSE manufactured by The Lubrizol Corporation, DISPERBYK manufactured by BYK Chemie Corp., EFKA manufactured by EFKA Additives BV, etc. . Specific examples of the pigment derivative include a pigment derivative having a dialkylaminoalkyl group, a pigment derivative having a dialkylaminoalkylsulfonate sulfonate group, and the like. The blending amount of the pigment dispersant or the like is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight in the ink composition for ink jet printing.
也可與上述的交聯性單體一起使用其他的交聯性單體,也可與如此的交聯性單體一起使用非交聯性單體。在如上述併用的情況,上述交聯性單體在能量射線聚合性單體中的比率可為55~90重量%,較佳為65~80重量%。作為如上述所併用的單體,只要為在照射能量射線時可同時進行聚合反應者,則任一者皆可使用。具體而言,可列舉:碳數4~30的(甲基)丙烯酸酯類、碳數5~35的(甲基)丙烯醯胺類、碳數5~35的芳香族乙烯基類、碳數2~20的乙烯基醚類及其他的自由基聚合性化合物等。其中,較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸酯[(meth)acrylate]或(甲基)丙 烯醯胺[(meth)acrylamide]。另外,在本說明書中,所謂的「丙烯酸酯(acrylate)」、「甲基丙烯酸酯(methacrylate)」的兩者或任一者的情況,則稱為「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」。Other crosslinkable monomers may be used together with the above crosslinkable monomer, and a non-crosslinkable monomer may be used together with such a crosslinkable monomer. In the case where they are used in combination as described above, the ratio of the crosslinkable monomer to the energy ray polymerizable monomer may be 55 to 90% by weight, preferably 65 to 80% by weight. As the monomer to be used in combination as described above, any one can be used as long as it can simultaneously carry out polymerization reaction when irradiated with an energy ray. Specific examples thereof include (meth) acrylates having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, (meth) acrylamides having 5 to 35 carbon atoms, aromatic vinyls having 5 to 35 carbon atoms, and carbon number. 2 to 20 vinyl ethers and other radical polymerizable compounds. Among them, preferred is (meth)acrylate [(meth)acrylate] or (meth) propyl Ethylamine [(meth)acrylamide]. In the present specification, the case of either or both of "acrylate" and "methacrylate" is referred to as "(meth)acrylate".
作為非交聯性(non-crosslinkable)(單官能)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三級辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異硬脂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-正丁基環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸冰片酯[bornyl(meth)acrylate]、(甲基)丙烯酸異冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己二醇酯[2-ethylhexyl diglycol(meth)acrylate]、(甲基)丙烯酸丁氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-氯乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-溴丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸氰乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁氧基甲酯、一丙烯酸甲氧基伸丙酯(methoxypropylene monoacrylate)、(甲基)丙烯酸3-甲氧基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷氧基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己基卡必醇酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2,2,2-四氟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟 癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-丁基苯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2,4,5-四甲基苯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-氯苯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環氧丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環氧丙氧基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環氧丙氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環氧丙氧基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氫呋喃甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羥基烷酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基胺基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基胺基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基胺基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三甲氧基矽基丙酯[trimethoxysilylpropyl(meth)acrylate]、(甲基)丙烯酸三甲氧基矽基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三甲基矽基丙酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸環氧乙烷一甲基醚酯[polyethylene oxide monomethyl ether(meth)acrylate]、寡(甲基)丙烯酸環氧乙烷一甲基醚酯[oligoethylene oxide monomethyl ether(meth)acrylate]、聚(甲基)丙烯酸環氧乙烷酯、寡(甲基)丙烯酸環氧乙烷酯、寡(甲基)丙烯酸環氧乙烷一烷基醚酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸環氧乙烷一烷基醚酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二伸丙二醇酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸環氧丙烷一烷基醚酯、寡(甲基)丙烯酸環氧丙烷一烷基醚酯、2- 甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基琥珀酸、2-甲基丙烯醯氧基六氫鄰苯二甲酸(2-methacryloyloxyhexahydrophthalic acid)、2-羥基丙基鄰苯二甲酸2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙酯(2-methacryloyloxyethyl 2-hydroxypropylphthalate)、(甲基)丙烯酸丁氧基二甘醇酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三氟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸全氟辛基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基-3-苯氧基丙酯、EO改質(甲基)丙烯酸苯酚酯、EO改質(甲基)丙烯酸甲酚酯、EO改質(甲基)丙烯酸壬基苯酚酯、PO改質(甲基)丙烯酸壬基苯酚酯、EO改質(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯等。Examples of the non-crosslinkable (monofunctional) (meth) acrylate include hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylate. Tertiary octyl ester, isoamyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, isostearyl (meth)acrylate, Cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 4-n-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, borneyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, (methyl) Benzyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl diglycol (meth)acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-chloroethyl (meth)acrylate Ester, 4-bromobutyl (meth)acrylate, cyanoethyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, butoxymethyl (meth)acrylate, methoxypropenyl acrylate Methoxypropylene monoacrylate), 3-methoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, alkoxymethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexylcarbitol (meth)acrylate, alkoxylate (meth)acrylate Ethyl ester, (meth) propyl 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl acid, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2,2,2-tetrafluoro(meth)acrylate Ester, (meth)acrylic acid 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro Oxime ester, 4-butylphenyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, 2,4,5-tetramethylphenyl (meth)acrylate, 4-chlorophenyl (meth)acrylate , phenoxymethyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, glycidoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, (methyl) Glycidyloxyethyl acrylate, glycidoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofuran methyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate , 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid Dimethylaminoethyl ester, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, (methyl) ) Trimethoxysilylpropyl (meth)acrylate, trimethoxymercaptopropyl (meth)acrylate, trimethylmercaptopropyl (meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylate ring Ethylene oxide monomethyl ether ester De monomethyl ether(meth)acrylate], oligoethylene oxide monomethyl ether (meth)acrylate, poly(meth)acrylate ethylene oxide, oligo(A) Ethylene oxide acrylate, oligo(meth)acrylate oxirane monoalkyl ether ester, poly(meth)acrylic acid oxirane monoalkyl ether ester, (meth)acrylic acid dipropylene glycol ester , poly(meth)acrylic acid propylene oxide monoalkyl ether ester, oligo(meth)acrylic acid propylene oxide monoalkyl ether ester, 2- Methyl propylene methoxyethyl succinic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyhexahydrophthalic acid, 2-hydroxypropyl phthalate 2-methyl propylene oxy ethoxylate 2-methacryloyloxyethyl 2-hydroxypropylphthalate, butoxy diglycol (meth)acrylate, trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, perfluorooctyl ethyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl ester, EO modified (meth)acrylic acid phenol ester, EO modified (meth)acrylic acid cresol ester, EO modified (meth)acrylic acid nonylphenol ester, PO modified Nonyl methacrylate (meth) acrylate, EO modified 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
作為碳數5~35的(甲基)丙烯醯胺類,可列舉:例如,(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-乙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-正丁基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-三級丁基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-丁氧基甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-異丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-羥甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二乙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、(甲基)丙烯醯基嗎啉。Examples of the (meth) acrylamide having 5 to 35 carbon atoms include (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, and N-ethyl (meth) propylene. Indoleamine, N-propyl (meth) acrylamide, N-n-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-tert-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl ( Methyl) acrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-Diethyl(meth)acrylamide and (meth)acryloylmorpholine.
作為聚合引發劑,可列舉:自由基聚合或陽離子聚合 的能量射線聚合引發劑,例如,具有芳香族酮類、芳香族鎓鹽化合物、有機過氧化物、六芳基聯二咪唑化合物、酮肟酯化合物、硼酸鹽化合物、吖嗪鎓鹽化合物(azinium compound)、二茂金屬化合物(metallocene compound)及活性酯化合物的化合物等。As a polymerization initiator, a radical polymerization or a cationic polymerization is mentioned. Energy ray polymerization initiator, for example, having an aromatic ketone, an aromatic sulfonium compound, an organic peroxide, a hexaarylbiimidazole compound, a ketoxime compound, a borate compound, an oxazinium salt compound (azinium) Compound), a metallocene compound, a compound of an active ester compound, and the like.
可列舉:例如,苯乙酮、苯乙酮苯甲基縮酮、1-羥基環己基苯基酮、2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙烷-1-酮、酮(xanthone)、茀酮(fluorenone)、苯甲醛、茀(fluorene)、蒽醌、三苯基胺、咔唑(carbazole)、3-甲基苯乙酮、4-氯二苯基酮、4,4’-二甲氧基二苯基酮、4,4’-二胺基二苯基酮、苯偶姻丙基醚、苯偶姻乙基醚、苯甲基二甲基縮酮、1-(4-異丙基苯基)-2-羥基-2-甲基丙烷-1-酮、2-羥基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙烷-1-酮、氧硫星(thioxanthone)、二乙基氧硫星、2-異丙基氧硫星、2-氯氧硫星、2-甲基-1-〔4-(甲硫基)苯基〕-2-嗎啉基-丙烷-1-酮、2-苯甲基-2-二甲基胺基-1-(4-嗎啉基苯基)-丁酮-1,4-(2-羥基乙氧基)苯基-(2-羥基-2-丙基)酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基二苯基氧化膦、雙-(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲醯基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦、寡(2-羥基-2-甲基-1-(4-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯基)丙酮)等。For example, acetophenone, acetophenone benzyl ketal, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenyl ethane-1-one, Xanthone, fluorenone, benzaldehyde, fluorene, guanidine, triphenylamine, carbazole, 3-methylacetophenone, 4-chlorodiphenyl ketone, 4 , 4'-dimethoxydiphenyl ketone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ketone, benzoin propyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 1 -(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, oxysulfur Star (thioxanthone), diethyl oxysulfide Star, 2-isopropyloxysulfide Star, 2-chlorosulfur Star, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinyl-propan-1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- 4-morpholinylphenyl)-butanone-1,4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)one, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene Mercaptodiphenylphosphine oxide, bis-(2,6-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide, oligo(2-hydroxy-2-methyl- 1-(4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl)acetone) and the like.
另外,藉由活性能量射線的聚合引發劑的市售品,可列舉:例如,汽巴精化(股)公司(Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co.,Ltd.)製 商品名:IRGACURE 184、369、651、500、819、907、784、2959、CGI1700、CGI1750、CGI1850、CG24-61、DAROCUR 1116、1173;BASF公司(BASF Corporation)製 商品名:LUCIRIN TPO;UCB公司製 商品名:EBECRYL P36;Fratilli Lamberti公司製 商品名:ESACURE KIP150、KIP65LT、KIP100F、KT37、KT55、KTO46、KIP75/B等。In addition, a commercially available product of a polymerization initiator of an active energy ray may, for example, be a product name: IRGACURE 184, 369, 651 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd. 500, 819, 907, 784, 2959, CGI1700, CGI1750, CGI1850, CG24-61, DAROCUR 1116, 1173; BASF Corporation (BASF Corporation) trade name: LUCIRIN TPO; UCB company trade name: EBECRYL P36; Fratilli Lamberti Product name: ESACURE KIP150, KIP65LT, KIP100F, KT37, KT55, KTO46, KIP75/B, etc.
藉由活性能量射線的聚合引發劑的使用量是根據習知的聚合反應來選擇即可。例如,自由基聚合引發劑,相對於活性能量射線聚合性單體的總量,通常為0.0001~10重量份,較佳為以使用0.001~5重量份為適當。硬化反應時的溫度是下限通常為0℃以上,較佳為10℃以上,另一方面,上限通常為200℃以下,較佳為100℃以下。The amount of the polymerization initiator to be used by the active energy ray may be selected according to a conventional polymerization reaction. For example, the radical polymerization initiator is usually 0.0001 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably 0.001 to 5 parts by weight, based on the total amount of the active energy ray-polymerizable monomer. The temperature at the time of the hardening reaction is usually 0 ° C or higher, preferably 10 ° C or higher, and the upper limit is usually 200 ° C or lower, preferably 100 ° C or lower.
本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,因應需要可含有5~10重量%的密著性賦予劑(tackifier)(矽烷偶合劑(silane coupling agent)等)或增感劑(sensitizer)、或1~5重量%的溶劑等。並且,配合使用目的,可含有無機微粒子、分散劑、消泡劑、調平劑(leveling agent)、觸變性賦予劑 (thixotropy imparting agent)、滑劑(slip additive)、難燃劑、抗靜電劑、抗氧化劑及紫外線吸收劑等。作為密著性賦予劑,可列舉:γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-環氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、尿素丙基三乙氧基矽烷、參(乙醯基丙酮基)鋁[tris(acetylacetonato)aluminum]及乙醯基醋酸鋁二異丙酯(acetylacetate aluminum diisopropylate)等。作為增感劑,可列舉:香豆素酮(ketocoumarin)、茀、氧硫星、二乙基氧硫星、異丙基氧硫星、蒽醌、萘唑啉(naphthiazoline)、丁二酮(biacetyl;diacetyl;butane-2,3-dione)、二苯基乙二酮(benzil)及此等的衍生物、苝(perylene)及經取代的蒽等。The ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention may contain 5 to 10% by weight of a tackifier (silane coupling agent) or a sensitizer, or 1 as needed. ~5 wt% of a solvent or the like. Further, in combination with the purpose of use, it may contain inorganic fine particles, a dispersing agent, an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent, a thixotropy imparting agent, a slip additive, a flame retardant, and an antistatic agent. , antioxidants and UV absorbers. Examples of the adhesion imparting agent include γ-aminopropyltrimethoxydecane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxydecane, vinyltriethoxydecane, and γ-glycidoxypropyl group. Triethoxy decane, γ-methyl propylene methoxy propyl trimethoxy decane, urea propyl triethoxy decane, ginsylacetate aluminum [tris (acetylacetonato) aluminum] and acetyl Acetylacetate aluminum diisopropylate and the like. As the sensitizer, ketocoumarin, hydrazine, and oxysulfide are mentioned. Star, diethyl oxysulfide Star, isopropyloxysulfide Star, anthraquinone, naphthiazoline, diacetyl (diacetyl; butane-2, 3-dione), diphenylethylenedione (benzil) and derivatives thereof, perylene and Substituted cockroaches, etc.
此外,作為溶劑,可列舉:二醇醚類(glycol ethers)(乙二醇一烷基醚及丙二醇一烷基醚等);酮類(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮及環己酮等);酯類(醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、醋酸乙二醇烷基醚酯及醋酸丙二醇烷基醚酯等);芳香族烴類(甲苯、二甲苯(茬)、均三甲苯(mesitylene)及薴烯(limonene)等);醇類(甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、丁醇、香葉醇(geraniol)、芳樟醇(linalool)及香茅醇(citronellol)等);及醚類(四氫呋喃及 1,8-桉醚(1,8-cineole)等)。此等是可單獨使用、或兩種以上併用。Further, examples of the solvent include glycol ethers (ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and propylene glycol monoalkyl ether); ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone) And cyclohexanone, etc.; esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol alkyl ether acetate and propylene glycol alkyl ether acetate); aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene (茬), both Metsitylene and limonene, etc.; alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, geraniol, linalool, and citronellol) Citronellol), etc.; and ethers (tetrahydrofuran and 1,8-decyl ether (1,8-cineole), etc.). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,視情況而定,可使用於除了噴墨方式以外的方式來進行的印刷或塗佈。例如,可使用於旋轉塗佈、輥式塗佈、噴霧塗佈等習知的塗佈法及平版印刷(planographic printing)、紙板印刷(carton printing)、金屬印刷、膠版印刷(offset printing)、網版印刷(screen printing)及照相凹版印刷(gravure printing)等。The ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention can be used for printing or coating in a manner other than the inkjet method, as the case may be. For example, conventional coating methods such as spin coating, roll coating, and spray coating, and planographic printing, carton printing, metal printing, offset printing, and net printing can be used. Screen printing and gravure printing.
若為本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物時,關於主成份的交聯單體的黏度,則比一般使用的丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯為大幅地低,且可使其低於先前技術的衍生物。因此,特別是在無溶劑系的反應性組成物方面,則可減少為了低黏度化或調整黏度所添加的單官能單體的含量、或即使不添加也可使其變好。此外,由於此,可提高反應性組成物中的聚合性官能基的(甲基)丙烯醯基濃度。In the case of the ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention, the viscosity of the crosslinking monomer of the main component is significantly lower than that of the commonly used dinet pentaerythritol acrylate, and can be made lower than the prior art. Derivatives. Therefore, in particular, in the case of a solvent-free reactive composition, the content of the monofunctional monomer added for the purpose of lowering the viscosity or adjusting the viscosity can be reduced, or it can be made better without adding it. Further, due to this, the (meth) acrylonitrile group concentration of the polymerizable functional group in the reactive composition can be increased.
因此,藉由摻合於組成物的黏度是被重視的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物中,即可在不至於損害從噴嘴的噴出性下,維持墨水的皮膜強度。並且,由於交聯單體的光敏度是高 於丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯等,生產性也優異。此外,可將硬化時的收縮性保持為較低。Therefore, by incorporating the viscosity of the composition into the ink composition for inkjet printing which is emphasized, the film strength of the ink can be maintained without impairing the discharge property from the nozzle. Also, since the photosensitivity of the crosslinking monomer is high It is also excellent in productivity in the case of dipentaerythritol acrylate. In addition, the shrinkage at the time of hardening can be kept low.
在下文中,以實施例更詳細說明本發明,但是本發明在未脫離其要旨範圍內,並不限定於下列實施例。此外,只要未特別說明,「%」是質量%,「份」是以質量為基準。In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited by the scope of the invention. In addition, unless otherwise specified, "%" is mass%, and "part" is based on mass.
實施例、比較例的LC-MS分析是以下列條件進行:The LC-MS analysis of the examples and comparative examples was carried out under the following conditions:
管柱:Inertsil ODS-2(4.6mm φ×250mm,5μm)、溶離液:水80.0%-30min→0.0%、甲醇20.0%-30min→100.0%;管柱溫度:40℃、流量:1mL/min、注入量:5Ml(200ppm甲醇溶液)、偵測器:UV、RIColumn: Inertsil ODS-2 (4.6mm φ×250mm, 5μm), dissolving solution: water 80.0%-30min→0.0%, methanol 20.0%-30min→100.0%; column temperature: 40°C, flow rate: 1mL/min Injection volume: 5Ml (200ppm methanol solution), detector: UV, RI
環形透鏡電壓(ring lens voltage):10V、離子化法:APCI+、脫溶媒室溫度:350℃、針電壓(needle voltage):2500V、孔口(orifice)1溫度:80℃、孔口1電壓:60V、高頻離子引導波峰(ion-guide peak)間電壓:1000V、孔口2電壓:5VRing lens voltage: 10V, ionization method: APCI+, desolvation chamber temperature: 350 ° C, needle voltage: 2500 V, orifice 1 temperature: 80 ° C, orifice 1 voltage: 60V, high-frequency ion-guided peak (ion-guide peak) voltage: 1000V, orifice 2 voltage: 5V
將醋酸與吡啶(pyridine)以重量比1:9加以混合作為乙醯化試劑(acetylation reagent)。將試樣稱量於燒瓶中,加入乙醯化試劑,在80℃加熱2小時。反應後,以酚酞(phenolphthalein)作為指示劑,以1mol/l氫氧化鉀水溶液進行滴定。Acetic acid and pyridine were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:9 as an acetylation reagent. The sample was weighed into a flask, and an acetamidine reagent was added thereto, followed by heating at 80 ° C for 2 hours. After the reaction, phenolphthalein was used as an indicator and titrated with a 1 mol/l potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.
NMR分析的結果,將各波峰(peak)的賦值(assignment)以揭述於下式的號碼((1)~(3))來表示。As a result of the NMR analysis, the assignment of each peak is indicated by the number ((1) to (3)) of the following formula.
在配備攪拌裝置的容量1公升的高壓釜(autoclave)內,進料(feed)二新戊四醇(廣榮化學工業(股)公司(Koei Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.)製、OH價1324)254克(1.0莫耳)、甲苯127克、KOH 0.3克,升溫至90℃並加以攪拌,以作為漿體狀(slurry-like)的液體。其次,加熱至130℃,將環氧乙烷176克(4莫耳)緩慢地導入高壓釜內進行反應。在導入環氧乙烷時,高壓釜內溫度會上升。隨時加以冷卻(occasional cooling),使得反應溫度保持在140℃以下。反應後,藉由在140℃進行減壓至汞柱10mmHg以下,以移除過量的環氧乙烷、及所副產的乙二醇的聚合物。然後,以醋酸進行中和而加以調整成pH 6~7。所獲得二新戊四醇3EO加成物的OH價為897。In the autoclave with a capacity of 1 liter equipped with a stirring device, dipentaerythritol (Koei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), OH price 1324 was fed. 254 g (1.0 mol), 127 g of toluene, 0.3 g of KOH, warmed to 90 ° C and stirred to obtain a slurry-like liquid. Next, by heating to 130 ° C, 176 g (4 mol) of ethylene oxide was slowly introduced into the autoclave to carry out a reaction. When ethylene oxide is introduced, the temperature inside the autoclave rises. The cooling is carried out at any time so that the reaction temperature is kept below 140 °C. After the reaction, the pressure was reduced to 140 mmHg or less at 140 ° C to remove excess ethylene oxide and a by-produced ethylene glycol polymer. Then, it was neutralized with acetic acid to adjust to pH 6-7. The OH value of the dipentaerythritol 3EO adduct obtained was 897.
將所獲得乙二醇改質二新戊四醇(OH價897)375克(1莫耳)、丙烯酸562克(7.8莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸46克、甲苯900克、氫醌0.9克進料至玻璃製四頸燒瓶,一邊吹入空氣,一邊進行加熱反應。在反應所產生的水,則與甲苯進行共沸而隨時移除至系統外。反應溫度為在100~110℃,在反應結束時,被移除至系統外的反應水量為112克。反應後,進行鹼(alkali)水洗、水洗,將上層的甲苯層加以分離,將甲苯加以減壓餾除,獲得以通式(I)、(II)所代表的二新戊四醇3EO加成物丙烯酸酯615克(產率88%)。The obtained ethylene glycol modified dipentaerythritol (OH price 897) 375 g (1 mol), acrylic acid 562 g (7.8 mol), p-toluenesulfonic acid 46 g, toluene 900 g, hydroquinone 0.9 g The mixture was fed to a glass four-necked flask, and a heating reaction was performed while blowing air. The water produced in the reaction is azeotroped with toluene and removed to the outside of the system at any time. The reaction temperature was between 100 and 110 ° C. At the end of the reaction, the amount of water removed to the outside of the system was 112 g. After the reaction, the mixture was washed with water and washed with water, and the toluene layer of the upper layer was separated, and toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a 3 EO addition of dipentaerythritol represented by the general formulae (I) and (II). The acrylate was 615 g (yield 88%).
關於此,經實施羥基價的測定,以及藉由1 H-NMR、13 C-NMR、HPLC、及LC-MS、羥基價的分析結果,顯示(revealed)其為含有羥基的二新戊四醇3EO加成物丙烯酸酯。在下文中,展示NMR分析、及LC-MS分析的結果,NMR的波峰的賦值則以上述號碼展示。In this connection, the measurement of the valence of the hydroxyl group and the analysis of the hydroxyl group by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HPLC, and LC-MS, and the valence of the hydroxyl group are revealed to be dihydroxypentaerythritol containing a hydroxyl group. 3EO adduct acrylate. In the following, the results of NMR analysis and LC-MS analysis are shown, and the assignment of the peaks of NMR is shown by the above number.
45ppm:源自(2)、60ppm:源自(3)、61~63ppm:源自環氧乙烷加成的(3)、68~73ppm:源自加成 於(3)的環氧乙烷、77~79ppm:源自氘化氯仿(Deuterated chloroform)、128~131ppm:源自經酯鍵結(ester bonded)的丙烯酸、165~167ppm:酯鍵結部(esteratic site)。45ppm: from (2), 60ppm: from (3), 61~63ppm: (3) from the ethylene oxide addition, 68~73ppm: from the addition Ethylene oxide in (3), 77-79 ppm: derived from Deuterated chloroform, 128-131 ppm: derived from ester-bonded acrylic acid, 165-167 ppm: ester bond ( Esteratic site).
3.3~4.1ppm(16H):源自(1),(3)、3.6~4.4ppm(8H):源自加成於(3)的OH的環氧乙烷、5.7~6.4ppm(18H):源自丙烯酸酯的雙鍵(double bond)、7.3ppm:源自氘化氯仿。3.3~4.1ppm(16H): from (1), (3), 3.6~4.4ppm (8H): Ethylene oxide derived from OH added to (3), 5.7~6.4ppm(18H): Double bond derived from acrylate, 7.3 ppm: derived from deuterated chloroform.
8.8~11.5份:環氧乙烷聚合物二丙烯酸酯、14~16份:二新戊四醇環氧乙烷改質一丙烯酸酯、16~20份:二新戊四醇環氧乙烷改質六丙烯酸酯。8.8~11.5 parts: ethylene oxide polymer diacrylate, 14~16 parts: dipentaerythritol ethylene oxide modified one acrylate, 16~20 parts: dipentaerythritol ethylene oxide modified Hexa acrylate.
將由氧化鈦〔石原產業公司(Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha,Ltd.)製「Tipaque R-930」〕50份、顏料分散劑〔The Lubrizol公司製「SOLSPERSE 32000」〕5份、N,N-二乙基丙烯醯胺45份〔興人(股)公司(Kohjin Co.,Ltd.)製「 DEAA」〕所構成的混合物,藉由使用球磨機(ball mill)加以捏合(kneading)4小時,以調製顏料濃度50重量%的顏料分散劑液。50 parts of titanium oxide ("Tipaque R-930" manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.), pigment dispersant ["SOLSPERSE 32000" manufactured by The Lubrizol Co., Ltd.), N, N-diethyl propylene 45 parts of guanamine ("Kohjin Co., Ltd.") The mixture composed of DEAA" was kneading for 4 hours by using a ball mill to prepare a pigment dispersant liquid having a pigment concentration of 50% by weight.
將前述顏料分散劑液40份、二苯基(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)氧化膦〔日本汽巴精化(股)公司(Ciba Japan Co.,Ltd.)製「Irgacure TPO」〕3份、二乙基氧硫星〔日本化藥(股)公司(Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd.)製「KAYACURE DETX-S」〕3份、及以上述所獲得3EO加成物丙烯酸酯54份使用球磨機在25℃進行捏合4小時,以製造本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物。40 parts of the above pigment dispersant liquid, diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethyl benzhydryl) phosphine oxide (manufactured by Ciba Japan Co., Ltd.) Irgacure TPO"] 3 parts, diethyl oxysulfide 3 parts of "KAYACURE DETX-S" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and 54 parts of the 3EO adduct acrylate obtained as described above, kneaded at 25 ° C using a ball mill 4 The ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention is produced in an hour.
在配備攪拌裝置的容量1公升的高壓釜內,進料二新戊四醇(廣榮化學工業(股)公司製、OH價1324)254克(1.0莫耳)、甲苯127克、KOH 0.3克,升溫至90℃並加以攪拌,以作為漿體狀的液體。其次,加熱至130℃,將環氧乙烷220克(5莫耳)緩慢地導入高壓釜內進行反應。在導入環氧乙烷時,高壓釜內溫度會上升。隨時加以冷 卻,使得反應溫度保持在140℃以下。反應後,藉由在140℃進行減壓至汞柱10mmHg以下,以移除過量的環氧乙烷、及所副產的乙二醇的聚合物。然後,以醋酸進行中和而加以調整成pH 6~7。所獲得二新戊四醇4EO加成物的OH價為765。In a 1 liter autoclave equipped with a stirring device, dipentaerythritol (manufactured by Guangrong Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., OH price 1324), 254 g (1.0 mol), 127 g of toluene, and 0.3 g of KOH were fed. The temperature was raised to 90 ° C and stirred to obtain a slurry-like liquid. Next, by heating to 130 ° C, 220 g (5 mol) of ethylene oxide was slowly introduced into the autoclave to carry out a reaction. When ethylene oxide is introduced, the temperature inside the autoclave rises. Keep cold at any time However, the reaction temperature was kept below 140 °C. After the reaction, the pressure was reduced to 140 mmHg or less at 140 ° C to remove excess ethylene oxide and a by-produced ethylene glycol polymer. Then, it was neutralized with acetic acid to adjust to pH 6-7. The OH value of the dipentaerythritol 4EO adduct obtained was 765.
將所獲得乙二醇改質二新戊四醇(OH價765)440克(1莫耳)、丙烯酸562克(7.8莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸50克、甲苯900克、氫醌1克進料至玻璃製四頸燒瓶,一邊吹入空氣,一邊進行加熱反應。在反應所產生的水,則與甲苯進行共沸而隨時移除至系統外。反應溫度為在100~110℃,在反應結束時,被移除至系統外的反應水量為113克。反應後,進行鹼水洗、水洗,將上層的甲苯層加以分離,將甲苯加以減壓餾除,獲得以通式(I)、(II)所代表的二新戊四醇4EO加成物丙烯酸酯665克(產率87%)。The obtained ethylene glycol modified dipentaerythritol (OH price 765) 440 g (1 mol), acrylic acid 562 g (7.8 m), p-toluenesulfonic acid 50 g, toluene 900 g, hydroquinone 1 g The mixture was fed to a glass four-necked flask, and a heating reaction was performed while blowing air. The water produced in the reaction is azeotroped with toluene and removed to the outside of the system at any time. The reaction temperature was from 100 to 110 ° C, and at the end of the reaction, the amount of reaction water removed to the outside of the system was 113 g. After the reaction, the mixture was washed with an alkali water and washed with water, and the toluene layer of the upper layer was separated, and toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a dipentaerythritol 4EO adduct acrylate represented by the general formulae (I) and (II). 665 g (yield 87%).
關於此,經實施羥基價的測定,以及藉由1 H-NMR、13 C-NMR、HPLC、及LC-MS、羥基價的分析結果,顯示其為含有羥基的二新戊四醇4EO加成物丙烯酸酯。在下文中,展示NMR分析、及LC-MS分析的結果,NMR的波峰的賦值則以上述號碼展示。In this connection, the measurement of the hydroxyl value and the analysis of 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HPLC, and LC-MS, and the valence of a hydroxyl group show that it is a 4 EO addition of dipentaerythritol containing a hydroxyl group. Acrylate. In the following, the results of NMR analysis and LC-MS analysis are shown, and the assignment of the peaks of NMR is shown by the above number.
45ppm:源自(2)、60ppm:源自(3)、61~63ppm:源自環氧乙烷加成的(3)、68~73ppm:源自加成於(3)的環氧乙烷、77~79ppm:源自氘化氯仿、128~131ppm:源自經酯鍵結的丙烯酸、165~167ppm:酯鍵結部。45ppm: from (2), 60ppm: from (3), 61~63ppm: (3), 68~73ppm derived from ethylene oxide addition: from ethylene oxide added to (3) 77~79ppm: derived from deuterated chloroform, 128~131ppm: derived from ester-bonded acrylic acid, 165~167ppm: ester bond.
3.3~4.1ppm(16H):源自(1),(3)、3.6~4.4ppm(16H):源自加成於(3)的OH的環氧乙烷、5.7~6.4ppm(18H):源自丙烯酸酯的雙鍵、7.3ppm:源自氘化氯仿。3.3~4.1ppm(16H): from (1), (3), 3.6~4.4ppm (16H): Ethylene oxide derived from OH added to (3), 5.7~6.4ppm(18H): Double bond derived from acrylate, 7.3 ppm: derived from deuterated chloroform.
8.8~11.5份:環氧乙烷聚合物二丙烯酸酯、14~16份:二新戊四醇環氧乙烷改質一丙烯酸酯、16~20份:二新戊四醇環氧乙烷改質六丙烯酸酯。8.8~11.5 parts: ethylene oxide polymer diacrylate, 14~16 parts: dipentaerythritol ethylene oxide modified one acrylate, 16~20 parts: dipentaerythritol ethylene oxide modified Hexa acrylate.
除了取代上述的3EO加成物丙烯酸酯,而使用所獲得4EO加成物丙烯酸酯以外,其餘則以與實施例1完全相同 的方式進行。The same as in Example 1, except that the above 3EO adduct acrylate was used instead of the obtained 4EO adduct acrylate. The way to proceed.
在配備攪拌裝置的容量1公升的高壓釜內,進料二新戊四醇(廣榮化學工業(股)公司製、OH價1324)254克(1.0莫耳)、蒸餾水36克、KOH 0.3克,升溫至90℃並加以攪拌,以作為漿體狀的液體。其次,加熱至130℃,將環氧乙烷264克(6莫耳)緩慢地導入高壓釜內進行反應。在導入環氧乙烷時,高壓釜內溫度會上升。隨時加以冷卻,使得反應溫度保持在140℃以下。反應後,藉由在140℃進行減壓至汞柱10mmHg以下,以移除過量的環氧乙烷、及所副產的乙二醇的聚合物。然後,以醋酸進行中和而加以調整成pH 6~7。所獲得二新戊四醇5EO加成物的OH價為706。In a 1 liter autoclave equipped with a stirring device, dipentaerythritol (manufactured by Guangrong Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., OH price 1324) 254 g (1.0 mol), distilled water 36 g, KOH 0.3 g was fed. The temperature was raised to 90 ° C and stirred to obtain a slurry-like liquid. Next, heating to 130 ° C, 264 g (6 mol) of ethylene oxide was slowly introduced into the autoclave to carry out a reaction. When ethylene oxide is introduced, the temperature inside the autoclave rises. Cool at any time to keep the reaction temperature below 140 °C. After the reaction, the pressure was reduced to 140 mmHg or less at 140 ° C to remove excess ethylene oxide and a by-produced ethylene glycol polymer. Then, it was neutralized with acetic acid to adjust to pH 6-7. The OH value of the obtained pentaerythritol 5EO adduct was 706.
將所獲得乙二醇改質二新戊四醇(OH價706)477克(1莫耳)、丙烯酸562克(7.8莫耳)、對甲苯磺酸52克、甲苯900克、氫醌1克進料至玻璃製四頸燒瓶,一邊吹入空氣,一邊進行加熱反應。在反應所產生的水,則與甲苯進行共沸而隨時移除至系統外。反應溫度為在100~ 110℃,在反應結束時,被移除至系統外的反應水量為113克。反應後,進行鹼水洗、水洗,將上層的甲苯層加以分離,將甲苯加以減壓餾除,獲得以通式(I)、(II)所代表的二新戊四醇5EO加成物丙烯酸酯697克(產率87%)。The obtained ethylene glycol modified dipentaerythritol (OH 706) 477 g (1 mol), acrylic acid 562 g (7.8 mol), p-toluenesulfonic acid 52 g, toluene 900 g, hydroquinone 1 g The mixture was fed to a glass four-necked flask, and a heating reaction was performed while blowing air. The water produced in the reaction is azeotroped with toluene and removed to the outside of the system at any time. The reaction temperature is at 100~ At 110 ° C, at the end of the reaction, the amount of water removed to the outside of the system was 113 grams. After the reaction, the mixture was washed with an alkali water and washed with water, and the toluene layer of the upper layer was separated, and toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a dipentaerythritol 5EO adduct acrylate represented by the general formulae (I) and (II). 697 g (yield 87%).
關於此,經實施羥基價的測定,以及藉由1 H-NMR、13 C-NMR、HPLC、及LC-MS的分析結果,顯示其為含有羥基的二新戊四醇5EO加成物丙烯酸酯。在下文中,展示NMR分析、及LC-MS分析、羥基價測定的結果,NMR的波峰的賦值則以上述號碼展示。In this connection, the measurement of the hydroxyl value and the analysis by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HPLC, and LC-MS showed that it was a hydroxyl-containing dipentaerythritol 5EO adduct acrylate. . In the following, the results of NMR analysis, LC-MS analysis, and hydroxyl value measurement are shown, and the assignment of the peak of NMR is shown by the above number.
45ppm:源自(2)、60ppm:源自(3)、61~63ppm:源自環氧乙烷加成的(3)、68~73ppm:源自加成於(3)的環氧乙烷、77~79ppm:源自氘化氯仿、128~131ppm:源自經酯鍵結的丙烯酸、165~167ppm:酯鍵結部。45ppm: from (2), 60ppm: from (3), 61~63ppm: (3), 68~73ppm derived from ethylene oxide addition: from ethylene oxide added to (3) 77~79ppm: derived from deuterated chloroform, 128~131ppm: derived from ester-bonded acrylic acid, 165~167ppm: ester bond.
3.3~4.1ppm(16H):源自(1),(3)、3.6~4.4ppm (24H):源自加成於(3)的OH的環氧乙烷、5.7~6.4ppm(18H):源自丙烯酸酯的雙鍵、7.3ppm:源自氘化氯仿。3.3~4.1ppm(16H): from (1), (3), 3.6~4.4ppm (24H): Ethylene oxide derived from OH added to (3), 5.7 to 6.4 ppm (18H): double bond derived from acrylate, 7.3 ppm: derived from deuterated chloroform.
8.8~11.5份:環氧乙烷聚合物二丙烯酸酯、14~16份:二新戊四醇環氧乙烷改質一丙烯酸酯、16~20份:二新戊四醇環氧乙烷改質六丙烯酸酯。8.8~11.5 parts: ethylene oxide polymer diacrylate, 14~16 parts: dipentaerythritol ethylene oxide modified one acrylate, 16~20 parts: dipentaerythritol ethylene oxide modified Hexa acrylate.
除了取代上述的3EO加成物丙烯酸酯,而使用所獲得5EO加成物丙烯酸酯以外,其餘則以與實施例1完全相同的方式進行。The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the above-mentioned 3EO adduct acrylate was used instead of the obtained 5EO adduct acrylate.
除了取代上述的二新戊四醇3EO加成物丙烯酸酯,而使用二新戊四醇-六丙烯酸酯(日本化藥(股)公司製KAYARAD DPHA)以外,其餘則以與實施例1完全相同的方式進行。Except that the above-mentioned dipentaerythritol 3EO adduct acrylate was used, and dipentaerythritol-hexaacrylate (KAYARAD DPHA manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) was used, the others were identical to Example 1. The way to proceed.
除了取代上述的二新戊四醇3EO加成物丙烯酸酯,而使用丙烯酸三羥甲基丙烷酯(SARTOMER公司 (SARTOMER)製SR351S)以外,其餘則以與實施例1完全相同的方式進行。In addition to the above-mentioned dipentaerythritol 3EO adduct acrylate, trimethylolpropane acrylate (SARTOMER) was used. Except for SR351S (SARTOMER), the rest was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1.
除了取代上述的二新戊四醇3EO加成物丙烯酸酯,而使用環氧乙烷改質三丙烯酸三羥甲基丙烷酯(SARTOMER公司製SR454)以外,其餘則以與實施例1完全相同的方式進行。Except for the above-mentioned dipentaerythritol 3EO adduct acrylate, and ethylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane triacrylate (SR454 manufactured by SARTOMER Co., Ltd.) was used, the others were identical to those of Example 1. Way to proceed.
除了取代上述的二新戊四醇3EO加成物丙烯酸酯,而使用己內酯改質丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯(日本化藥(股)公司製KAYARAD DPCA-60)以外,其餘則以與實施例1完全相同的方式進行。In addition to the above-mentioned dipentaerythritol 3EO adduct acrylate, and the use of caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol acrylate (KAYARAD DPCA-60 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Example 1 was carried out in exactly the same manner.
將關於上述實施例1~3、及比較例1~4的墨水組成物的評估,以如下述來進行。The evaluation of the ink compositions of the above Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was carried out as follows.
將實施例1~3、及比較例1~4的墨水組成物,在易 黏著處理(easy adhesion treatment)PET薄膜(東麗工業(股)公司(Toray Industries,Inc.)製Lumirror T-60)的易黏著處理面上,使用棒式塗佈機(bar coater)塗佈成乾燥膜厚為10μm。而且,在輸送帶式(Belt Conveyer Type)UV照射裝置(GS-YUASA UV SYSTEM CSN2-40)、及光點式(Spot Type)UV照射裝置(USHIO Optical Modulex SX-UID500H),以積算照度200mj/cm2 進行硬化。硬化性的確認是在紫外線照射時,以曝光格數片(Step Tablet)(25格(step)、Riston公司製)加以遮光而記載會成為不黏手(tack-free)的格數。格數高是表示遮光度高。亦即,即使以低曝光量也可硬化,堪稱為墨水組成物的光敏度高、生產性優異。The ink compositions of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were adhered to an easy adhesion treatment PET film (Lumirror T-60 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.). The easy adhesion treatment surface was coated with a bar coater to have a dry film thickness of 10 μm. Moreover, in the Belt Conveyer Type UV irradiation device (GS-YUASA UV SYSTEM CSN2-40) and the Spot Type UV irradiation device (USHIO Optical Modulex SX-UID500H), the integrated illumination is 200mj/ Cm 2 is hardened. In the case of ultraviolet ray irradiation, it was confirmed that the number of cells was set to be tack-free by shading with a Step Tablet (25 steps, manufactured by Riston Co., Ltd.). A high number of cells indicates a high degree of opacity. That is, even if it is hardened by a low exposure amount, it can be called that the ink composition has high photosensitivity and is excellent in productivity.
在黏著處理PET薄膜(東麗工業(股)公司製Lumirror T-60)上,以與上述硬化性評估相同的方法製作硬化皮膜。而且,以目視觀察使用00號L鋼絲絨(steel wool)施加500克荷重來研磨100次時的塗膜狀態,並以下列基準進行評估:○:無刮傷、△:在試驗片可確認到約10條的刮傷、×:可確認到許多刮傷。On the adhesive-treated PET film (Lumirror T-60, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), a hardened film was produced in the same manner as the above evaluation of the hardenability. Further, the state of the coating film at the time of grinding 100 times using a steel wool of 00 L steel wool was observed by visual observation and evaluated on the following basis: ○: no scratch, Δ: confirmed in the test piece About 10 scratches, ×: Many scratches were confirmed.
在易黏著處理PET薄膜(東麗工業(股)公司製Lumirror T-60)上,以與上述硬化性評估項目相同的方法製作硬化皮膜。在平坦的面上固定薄膜四角落的一點,測定其時的剩餘三點的高度,而將其平均值作為捲曲性。A hardened film was produced in the same manner as the above-described hardenability evaluation item on a PET film (Lumirror T-60, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) which is easy to adhere. A point of the four corners of the film was fixed on a flat surface, and the heights of the remaining three points at the time of the film were measured, and the average value was taken as the curling property.
使用噴出性評估裝置(「噴墨描繪-塗佈裝置」;MICROJET公司(MICROJET Corporation)製NanoPrinter-300)進行噴出性的評估。該評估裝置是藉由壓電元件(piezoelectric element)方式的複數個噴嘴來進行掃描頭(head)一掃描份的描繪者。另外,測定室的大氣溫度為25℃。The ejection property evaluation device ("inkjet drawing-coating device"; NanoPrinter-300 manufactured by MICROJET Corporation) was used for the evaluation of the discharge property. The evaluation device is a scanner that scans a head and scans by a plurality of nozzles of a piezoelectric element type. In addition, the atmospheric temperature of the measurement chamber was 25 °C.
○:無噴嘴堵塞、×:有噴嘴堵塞。○: No nozzle clogging, ×: No nozzle clogging.
如由展示於表1的結果即得知,若為本發明的實施例1~3的墨水組成物時,與使用二新戊四醇-六丙烯酸酯的比較例1相比較,則可改良噴出性。其可認為藉由適度的環氧乙烷改質,使得交聯性單體其本身的黏度變小的緣故。另外,雖未展示具體的數據,即使與經在二新戊四醇加成12莫耳環氧乙烷而成相同的丙烯酸酯(二新戊四醇12EO加成物丙烯酸酯)相比較,噴出性已獲得大幅度改善。此外,與經在二新戊四醇加成8莫耳的環氧乙烷而成相同的丙烯酸酯(二新戊四醇8EO加成物丙烯酸酯)相比較,也獲得相當大的改善。As is apparent from the results shown in Table 1, in the case of the ink compositions of Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, the discharge can be improved as compared with Comparative Example 1 using dipentaerythritol-hexaacrylate. Sex. It can be considered that the crosslinking of the crosslinkable monomer itself is reduced by moderate modification of ethylene oxide. In addition, although specific data is not shown, even when compared with the same acrylate (dipentaerythritol 12EO adduct acrylate) obtained by adding 12 moles of ethylene oxide to diheptaerythritol, spouting property Great improvements have been made. In addition, a considerable improvement was obtained as compared with the acrylate (dipentaerythritol 8EO adduct acrylate) which was formed by adding 8 moles of ethylene oxide to dipentaerythritol.
若為比較例2~4,經使用為低黏度且噴出性優異的交聯性(多官能)單體的結果,雖然噴出性及捲曲性為良好,但是硬化性及耐鋼絲絨性卻為低。在與其相比較的情況,若為本申請案各實施例的墨水組成物時,則得知:由於將環氧乙烷加成莫耳數控制於最低限必要的量,可一邊維持耐鋼絲絨性,一邊抑制被印刷物上的墨水組成物因硬化收縮所引起印刷物的變形。此外,關於硬化性,與使用二新戊四醇-六丙烯酸酯的比較例1相比較,也大幅度提高。硬化性提高是可認為由於環氧乙烷改質,使得末端丙烯醯基的運動性及自由度提高的緣故。另外,雖然未展示具體 的數據,與經在二新戊四醇加成12莫耳的環氧乙烷而成相同的丙烯酸酯(二新戊四醇12EO加成物丙烯酸酯)相比較,硬化性及耐鋼絲絨性也獲得大幅度改善。此外,與經在二新戊四醇加成8莫耳的環氧乙烷而成相同的丙烯酸酯(二新戊四醇8EO加成物丙烯酸酯)相比較,也獲得相當大的改善。In the case of the comparative examples 2 to 4, the use of a crosslinkable (polyfunctional) monomer which is low in viscosity and excellent in discharge property, although the discharge property and the curling property are good, the hardenability and the steel wool resistance are low. . In the case of the ink composition of the examples of the present application, it is known that the steel wool can be maintained while controlling the molar amount of ethylene oxide to the minimum necessary amount. Sexuality suppresses deformation of the printed matter caused by hardening shrinkage of the ink composition on the printed matter. Further, the hardenability was also greatly improved as compared with Comparative Example 1 using dipentaerythritol-hexaacrylate. The improvement in the hardenability is considered to be due to the modification of ethylene oxide, which improves the mobility and degree of freedom of the terminal acrylonitrile group. In addition, although not shown specifically Hardening and steel wool resistance compared to acrylate (dipentaerythritol 12EO adduct acrylate) which is the same as dipentyl alcohol plus 12 moles of ethylene oxide. It has also been greatly improved. In addition, a considerable improvement was obtained as compared with the acrylate (dipentaerythritol 8EO adduct acrylate) which was formed by adding 8 moles of ethylene oxide to dipentaerythritol.
如以上所說明,具有將經將以上述通式(I)及(II)所代表環氧烷(AO)加成莫耳數加以最適化而成的環氧烷改質(甲基)丙烯酸二新戊四醇酯作為交聯性單體的本發明的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物,是顯現會使噴出性成為良好的低黏度、良好的光敏度及硬化性、及低收縮性,且硬化物是具有良好的耐摩擦牢固性。因此,適合用作為被要求耐水性或牢固性等的為印刷或塗佈的噴墨印刷用墨水組成物。此外,特別是可適用於印刷線路基板(printed wiring board)等的電路製品的製造,例如可使用於配線形成後在特定處的絕緣膜(insulating film)的形成、或為蒸鍍(vapor deposition)、濺鍍(sputtering)等的光阻圖案的形成等。As described above, there is an alkylene oxide-modified (meth)acrylic acid which is obtained by optimizing the molar number of alkylene oxide (AO) represented by the above formulas (I) and (II). The pentaerythritol ester as the crosslinkable monomer of the ink composition for inkjet printing of the present invention exhibits low viscosity, good photosensitivity and hardenability, and low shrinkage, and hardenability. The material has good resistance to friction and firmness. Therefore, it is suitable for use as an ink composition for inkjet printing which is required to be printed or coated, such as water resistance, fastness, and the like. Further, in particular, it can be applied to the manufacture of a circuit product such as a printed wiring board, for example, formation of an insulating film at a specific place after wiring formation, or vapor deposition. Formation of a photoresist pattern such as sputtering.
已將本發明詳細又參閱特定的實施模式加以說明,但是對於熟習此項技藝者而言,明顯可見當可在不脫離本發明的精義與範圍內加以各種變更或修正。The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
本申請案是根據2013年3月1日在日本提出申請專利的日本專利申請案(特願2013-040861)者,其內容理應參照併入本說明書。The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-040861, filed on Jan.
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JP5526868B2 (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2014-06-18 | Jsr株式会社 | Radiation-sensitive resin composition, display element spacer and protective film, and method for forming them |
JP5940827B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2016-06-29 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Curable composition for inkjet and method for producing electronic component |
JP5993582B2 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2016-09-14 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | Reactive composition comprising alkylene oxide-modified dipentaerythritol acrylate |
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2013
- 2013-03-01 JP JP2013040861A patent/JP6153742B2/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-02-21 CN CN201480009097.0A patent/CN104995267A/en active Pending
- 2014-02-21 WO PCT/JP2014/054116 patent/WO2014132881A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-02-21 KR KR1020217001481A patent/KR20210008943A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-02-21 KR KR1020157022637A patent/KR102384738B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-02-27 TW TW103106809A patent/TWI488923B/en active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TW201008996A (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-03-01 | Fujifilm Corp | Curable composition for imprint, curing object using the same, manufacturing method thereof and member for liquid crystal display device |
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KR102384738B1 (en) | 2022-04-07 |
KR20210008943A (en) | 2021-01-25 |
JP2014169360A (en) | 2014-09-18 |
JP6153742B2 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
TW201446889A (en) | 2014-12-16 |
CN104995267A (en) | 2015-10-21 |
WO2014132881A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
KR20150126832A (en) | 2015-11-13 |
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