TWI459419B - Modified neodymium-iron-boron magnet and fabrication method thereof - Google Patents

Modified neodymium-iron-boron magnet and fabrication method thereof Download PDF

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TWI459419B
TWI459419B TW103111545A TW103111545A TWI459419B TW I459419 B TWI459419 B TW I459419B TW 103111545 A TW103111545 A TW 103111545A TW 103111545 A TW103111545 A TW 103111545A TW I459419 B TWI459419 B TW I459419B
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ndfeb
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magnetic member
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TW201537595A (en
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Chunhao Chiu
Hungsheng Huang
Powei Chen
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China Steel Corp
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Description

改質釹鐵硼磁件及其製造方法Modified NdFeB magnetic member and manufacturing method thereof

本發明是有關於一種磁件及其製造方法,且特別是有關於一種改質釹鐵硼磁件及其製造方法。The present invention relates to a magnetic member and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly to an improved NdFeB magnetic member and a method of manufacturing the same.

釹鐵硼磁件是一種具有高磁能積的磁性元件。一般而言,具有越大的磁能積的磁性元件,其單位體積中的磁能越高。近年來發現,若是利用鏑(dysprosium;Dy)對釹鐵硼磁件進行改質,經改質的釹鐵硼磁件的本質矯頑磁力(iHc)以及熱穩定性皆會上升,進而擴大釹鐵硼磁件在各種領域的應用。The neodymium iron boron magnetic member is a magnetic element having a high magnetic energy product. In general, a magnetic element having a larger magnetic energy product has a higher magnetic energy per unit volume. In recent years, it has been found that if the neodymium iron boron magnetic member is modified by using dysprosium (Dy), the intrinsic coercive force (iHc) and thermal stability of the modified NdFeB magnetic member will increase, thereby expanding 钕The application of iron-boron magnetic parts in various fields.

初期,改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方式是透過熔煉製程將釹、鐵、硼及鏑直接熔煉製成釹鐵硼鏑合金。但是,鏑是一種稀土元素,其價格昂貴,所以利用熔煉製程所製造的釹鐵硼鏑合金成本昂貴。為了降低鏑的用量,遂有業者研發出以擴散的方式將鏑擴散至原本不含有鏑的釹鐵硼磁件的晶界中(後稱晶界擴散法),藉由低用量的鏑來製造改質釹鐵硼磁件。大致上,晶界擴散法是先將氟化鏑(dysprosium fluoride;DyF3 )塗覆在不含鏑的釹鐵硼磁件的表面,之後再經由大約900℃之真空熱處理,以使鏑擴散至釹鐵硼磁件的 晶界中形成改質釹鐵硼磁件。這樣的做法優點在於鏑的用量較少,可降低鏑的成本。In the early stage, the modified NdFeB magnetic parts were manufactured by directly melting bismuth, iron, boron and bismuth into a NdFeB alloy by a melting process. However, niobium is a rare earth element which is expensive, so the NdFeB alloy produced by the melting process is expensive. In order to reduce the amount of antimony, the industry has developed a diffusion method to diffuse germanium into the grain boundaries of the neodymium iron boron magnets that do not contain antimony (hereinafter referred to as grain boundary diffusion method), which are manufactured by using low amounts of antimony. Upgraded NdFeB magnetic parts. In general, the grain boundary diffusion method firstly applies dysprosium fluoride (DyF 3 ) to the surface of the neodymium-free NdFeB magnetic member, and then heat-treats at about 900 ° C to diffuse the ruthenium to A modified NdFeB magnetic member is formed in the grain boundary of the NdFeB magnetic member. The advantage of this approach is that the amount of helium is less and the cost of helium can be reduced.

然而,晶界擴散法的缺點是所適用的釹鐵硼磁件的厚度會受到限制。當釹鐵硼磁件的厚度大於4mm的時候,鏑不易擴散至釹鐵硼磁件中心區域的晶界中,而使得所形成之改質釹鐵硼磁件的本質矯頑磁力以及熱穩定性無有效提升。However, the disadvantage of the grain boundary diffusion method is that the thickness of the applicable NdFeB magnetic member is limited. When the thickness of the neodymium iron boron magnetic member is greater than 4 mm, the crucible is not easily diffused into the grain boundary of the central region of the neodymium iron boron magnetic member, so that the essential coercive force and thermal stability of the modified NdFeB magnetic member are formed. No effective promotion.

有鑑於此,亟需提出一種改質釹鐵硼磁件及其製造方法,以解決無法兼顧改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度、低鏑的使用量、以及高本質矯頑磁力與熱穩定性的問題。In view of this, it is urgent to propose a modified NdFeB magnetic component and a manufacturing method thereof to solve the problem that the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnetic component, the low enthalpy usage amount, and the high intrinsic coercive force and thermal stability cannot be considered. The problem.

因此,本發明之一目的在於提供一種改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法,其可在基於減少鏑的使用量的前提下,同時兼顧改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度、以及高本質矯頑磁力與熱穩定性。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an improved NdFeB magnetic member, which can simultaneously consider the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnetic member and the high-intensity correction on the premise of reducing the amount of bismuth used. Resilience and thermal stability.

本發明之另一目的在於提供一種改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法,其可適用於量產製程。Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an improved NdFeB magnetic member that is applicable to a mass production process.

本發明之又一目的在於提供一種改質釹鐵硼磁件,可具有大於4mm的厚度,並且具有符合商用規範的磁性性質。It is still another object of the present invention to provide an improved NdFeB magnetic member which can have a thickness greater than 4 mm and which has magnetic properties in accordance with commercial specifications.

根據本發明之上述目的,提出一種改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法。在一實施例中,提供第一釹鐵硼胚件及第二釹鐵硼胚件。形成第一改質層於第一釹鐵硼胚件上,其中第一改質層之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑(dysprosium oxide;Dy2 O3 ) 或氟化鏑。形成助熔層於第一改質層上,以形成第一釹鐵硼體。形成第二改質層於第二釹鐵硼胚件上,以形成第二釹鐵硼體,其中第二改質層之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑。堆疊第二釹鐵硼體於第一釹鐵硼體上,以形成釹鐵硼堆疊體,其中第二改質層貼合助熔層。對釹鐵硼堆疊體進行熱均壓處理,以形成改質釹鐵硼磁件。According to the above object of the present invention, a method of manufacturing an improved NdFeB magnetic member is proposed. In one embodiment, a first neodymium iron boron blank and a second neodymium iron boron blank are provided. Forming a first modified layer on the first NdFeB blank, wherein the material of the first modified layer comprises dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) or cesium fluoride. A fluxing layer is formed on the first modifying layer to form a first NdFeB body. Forming a second modified layer on the second NdFeB blank to form a second NdFeB body, wherein the material of the second modified layer comprises lanthanum, cerium oxide or lanthanum fluoride. A second NdFeB body is stacked on the first NdFeB body to form a NdFeB stack, wherein the second modified layer is attached to the fluxing layer. The NdFeB stack is subjected to thermal pressure equalization treatment to form a modified NdFeB magnetic member.

依據本發明一實施例,上述第一改質層之厚度與第一釹鐵硼胚件之厚度的比例係1:150至1:300。According to an embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the thickness of the first modified layer to the thickness of the first NdFeB blank is 1:150 to 1:300.

依據本發明一實施例,上述助熔層之材質包含銅、鋁或鎳。According to an embodiment of the invention, the material of the fluxing layer comprises copper, aluminum or nickel.

依據本發明一實施例,上述熱均壓處理之處理壓力係大於120MPa、處理溫度係700℃至850℃、以及持續時間係1小時至2小時。According to an embodiment of the invention, the treatment pressure of the thermal pressure equalization treatment is greater than 120 MPa, the treatment temperature is 700 ° C to 850 ° C, and the duration is 1 hour to 2 hours.

根據本發明之另一目的,提出一種改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法。在一實施例中,提供數個釹鐵硼胚件。分別對應形成數個改質層於此些釹鐵硼胚件上,其中每一改質層之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑。分別對應形成數個助熔層於此些改質層上,以形成數個釹鐵硼體。依序堆疊此些釹鐵硼體,以形成釹鐵硼堆疊體,其中相鄰之助熔層互相貼合。對釹鐵硼堆疊體進行熱均壓處理,以形成改質釹鐵硼磁件。According to another object of the present invention, a method of manufacturing an improved NdFeB magnetic member is proposed. In one embodiment, a plurality of neodymium iron boron blanks are provided. Correspondingly, a plurality of modified layers are formed on the NdFeB blanks, wherein the material of each modified layer comprises ruthenium, ruthenium oxide or ruthenium fluoride. A plurality of fluxing layers are respectively formed on the modified layers to form a plurality of NdFeB bodies. The NdFeB bodies are sequentially stacked to form a NdFeB stack in which adjacent fluxing layers are bonded to each other. The NdFeB stack is subjected to thermal pressure equalization treatment to form a modified NdFeB magnetic member.

依據本發明一實施例,上述各個改質層之厚度與對應之各個釹鐵硼胚件之厚度的比例係1:150至1:300。According to an embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the thickness of each of the modified layers to the thickness of the corresponding each of the NdFeB blanks is 1:150 to 1:300.

依據本發明一實施例,上述助熔層之材質包含銅、 鋁或鎳。According to an embodiment of the invention, the material of the fluxing layer comprises copper, Aluminum or nickel.

依據本發明一實施例,上述熱均壓處理之處理壓力係大於等於120MPa、處理溫度係700℃至850℃、以及持續時間係1小時至2小時。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the treatment pressure of the heat equalization treatment is 120 MPa or more, the treatment temperature is 700 ° C to 850 ° C, and the duration is 1 hour to 2 hours.

根據本發明之又一目的,提出一種改質釹鐵硼磁件,其係利用上述方法製得。According to still another object of the present invention, an improved NdFeB magnetic member is proposed which is produced by the above method.

依據本發明一實施例,上述改質釹鐵硼磁件之厚度大於4mm。According to an embodiment of the invention, the modified NdFeB magnetic member has a thickness greater than 4 mm.

本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法是在二或三個以上的釹鐵硼胚件的改質層之間形成助熔層,並透過熱均壓處理以使改質層的鏑成分擴散進入釹鐵硼堆疊體的釹鐵硼晶粒的晶界中,藉以形成改質釹鐵硼磁件。其中,在進行熱均壓處理時,助熔層可與改質層反應形成熔點低於改質層的化合物,有助於減少熱均壓處理所需的處理溫度。另一方面,熱均壓處理可燒結以接合這些釹鐵硼體,以使由釹鐵硼體堆疊形成的釹鐵硼堆疊體燒結形成改質釹鐵硼磁件。因此,本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度可透過燒結接合釹鐵硼體的方式來增加,而不會有厚度的限制。The modified NdFeB magnetic member of the present invention is produced by forming a fluxing layer between two or more modified layers of the NdFeB blank and passing through a heat equalizing treatment to make the modified layer The composition diffuses into the grain boundaries of the NdFeB grains of the NdFeB stack, thereby forming a modified NdFeB magnet. Wherein, in the heat equalization treatment, the fluxing layer can react with the reforming layer to form a compound having a melting point lower than that of the modifying layer, which helps to reduce the processing temperature required for the heat equalizing treatment. On the other hand, the heat equalization treatment may be sintered to join the NdFeB bodies to sinter the NdFeB stack formed of the NdFeB stack to form a modified NdFeB magnet. Therefore, the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the present invention can be increased by sintering the NdFeB body without a limitation in thickness.

100‧‧‧方法100‧‧‧ method

110、120、130、140、150、160‧‧‧步驟110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160‧ ‧ steps

200‧‧‧改質釹鐵硼磁件200‧‧‧Modified NdFeB magnetic parts

201‧‧‧第一釹鐵硼體201‧‧‧The first strontium boron

202‧‧‧第二釹鐵硼體202‧‧‧Second ferrocene

203‧‧‧釹鐵硼堆疊體203‧‧‧NdFeB stack

210‧‧‧第一釹鐵硼胚件210‧‧‧First NdFeB blank

211‧‧‧第一改質層211‧‧‧First modified layer

212‧‧‧助熔層212‧‧‧Fused layer

220‧‧‧第二釹鐵硼胚件220‧‧‧Second iron-iron-boring parts

221‧‧‧第二改質層221‧‧‧Second modified layer

230‧‧‧熱均壓處理230‧‧‧heat equalization treatment

240‧‧‧低熔點合金240‧‧‧low melting point alloy

300‧‧‧方法300‧‧‧ method

310、320、330、340、350‧‧‧步驟310, 320, 330, 340, 350 ‧ ‧ steps

400‧‧‧改質釹鐵硼磁件400‧‧‧Modified NdFeB magnetic parts

401‧‧‧釹鐵硼體401‧‧‧NdFeB

402‧‧‧釹鐵硼堆疊體402‧‧‧NdFeB stack

410‧‧‧釹鐵硼胚件410‧‧‧NdFeB blanks

411‧‧‧改質層411‧‧‧Modified layer

412‧‧‧助熔層412‧‧‧welding layer

420‧‧‧低熔點合金420‧‧‧low melting point alloy

900‧‧‧不鏽鋼瓶900‧‧‧Stainless steel bottles

910‧‧‧外壁910‧‧‧ outer wall

為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂,所附圖式之說明如下:第1圖係繪示依照本發明第一實施例之一種改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法的流程圖。The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; A flow chart of a method of manufacturing a magnetic member.

第2A至2F圖係繪示依照本發明第一實施例之一種改質 釹鐵硼磁件的製程剖面圖。2A to 2F are diagrams showing a modification according to the first embodiment of the present invention Process profile of NdFeB magnetic parts.

第2G圖係繪示釹鐵硼堆疊體放置於不鏽鋼瓶中進行熱均壓處理之示意圖。The 2G figure shows a schematic diagram of the NdFeB stack placed in a stainless steel bottle for heat equalization treatment.

第3圖係繪示依照本發明第二實施例之一種改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法的流程圖。3 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

第4A至4E圖係繪示依照本發明第二實施例之一種改質釹鐵硼磁件的製程剖面圖。4A to 4E are cross-sectional views showing the process of a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

以下配合本發明之實施例詳細說明本發明之技術內容、構造特徵、所達成目的及功效。The technical content, structural features, achieved goals and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments of the present invention.

請參照第1至2F圖,第1圖係繪示依照本發明第一實施例之一種改質釹鐵硼磁件200之製造方法100的流程圖。第2A至2F圖係繪示依照本發明第一實施例之一種改質釹鐵硼磁件200的製程剖面圖。如第1及2A圖所示,在改質釹鐵硼磁件200之製造方法100中,步驟110係提供第一釹鐵硼胚件210及第二釹鐵硼胚件220。第一釹鐵硼胚件210與第二釹鐵硼胚件220可透過下述的方式製造。首先,透過熔煉製程將預定成分比例的釹、鐵及硼等原料形成不含鏑的釹鐵硼合金塊。接著,在鈍氣保護下,將釹鐵硼合金塊粉碎成粒徑約為2μm的釹鐵硼合金粉末,以形成具有單磁區的釹鐵硼合金粉末。之後,同樣在鈍氣保護下,施加磁場以配向這些釹鐵硼合金粉末,藉以使這些釹鐵硼合金粉末的磁極朝向相同方向。並且,在排列釹鐵硼合金粉末的同時進行加壓處理,以使釹鐵硼合金粉末形成 釹鐵硼合金胚。接著,進行燒結步驟,以使釹鐵硼合金胚形成第一釹鐵硼胚件210或第二釹鐵硼胚件220。Referring to FIGS. 1 to 2F, FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method 100 of fabricating a modified NdFeB magnet 200 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. 2A to 2F are cross-sectional views showing the process of a modified NdFeB magnet 200 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A, in the method 100 for manufacturing the modified NdFeB magnet 200, the step 110 provides the first NdFeB blank 210 and the second NdFeB blank 220. The first NdFeB blank 210 and the second NdFeB blank 220 can be manufactured in the following manner. First, a raw material such as niobium, iron, and boron in a predetermined composition ratio is formed into a niobium-iron-boron alloy block containing no antimony by a melting process. Next, under the protection of the inert gas, the NdFeB alloy piece was pulverized into a NdFeB alloy powder having a particle diameter of about 2 μm to form a NdFeB alloy powder having a single magnetic domain. Thereafter, under the protection of the blunt gas, a magnetic field is applied to align the NdFeB alloy powders, whereby the magnetic poles of the NdFeB alloy powders are oriented in the same direction. Further, a pressure treatment is performed while arranging the NdFeB alloy powder to form a NdFeB alloy powder. NdFeB alloy embryo. Next, a sintering step is performed to cause the NdFeB alloy preform to form the first NdFeB blank 210 or the second NdFeB blank 220.

如第1及2B圖所示,步驟120係形成第一改質層211於第一釹鐵硼胚件210上,其中第一改質層211之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑。在一例子中,第一改質層211是以真空濺鍍的方式形成在第一釹鐵硼胚件210上。在另一例子中,第一改質層211之厚度是對應第一釹鐵硼胚件210之厚度調整,當第一釹鐵硼胚件210較厚時,第一改質層211之厚度也隨之增加。在一示範例子中,第一改質層211之厚度與第一釹鐵硼胚件210之厚度的比例係1:150至1:300。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2B, step 120 forms a first modifying layer 211 on the first NdFeB blank 210, wherein the material of the first modifying layer 211 comprises ruthenium, ruthenium oxide or ruthenium fluoride. In one example, the first modifying layer 211 is formed on the first NdFeB blank 210 by vacuum sputtering. In another example, the thickness of the first modifying layer 211 is adjusted corresponding to the thickness of the first NdFeB blank 210. When the first NdFeB blank 210 is thick, the thickness of the first modifying layer 211 is also It will increase. In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the first modifying layer 211 to the thickness of the first NdFeB blank 210 is 1:150 to 1:300.

如第1及2C圖所示,步驟130係形成助熔層212於第一改質層211上,以形成第一釹鐵硼體201。在一例子中,助熔層212是以真空濺鍍的方式形成在第一改質層211上。在另一例子中,助熔層212的材質包含銅、鋁或鎳。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2C, step 130 forms a fluxing layer 212 on the first modifying layer 211 to form a first NdFeB body 201. In one example, the fluxing layer 212 is formed on the first modifying layer 211 by vacuum sputtering. In another example, the material of the fluxing layer 212 comprises copper, aluminum or nickel.

如第1及2D圖所示,步驟140係形成第二改質層221於第二釹鐵硼胚件220上,以形成第二釹鐵硼體202,其中第二改質層221之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑。在一例子中,第二改質層221是以真空濺鍍的方式形成在第二釹鐵硼胚件220上。在另一例子中,第二改質層221之厚度是對應第二釹鐵硼胚件220之厚度調整,即當第二釹鐵硼胚件220較厚時,第二改質層221之厚度也隨之增加。在一示範例子中,第二改質層221之厚度與第二釹鐵硼胚件220之厚度的比例係1:150至1:300。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2D, step 140 forms a second modified layer 221 on the second NdFeB blank 220 to form a second NdFeB body 202, wherein the material of the second modified layer 221 comprises Antimony, antimony oxide or antimony fluoride. In one example, the second modifying layer 221 is formed on the second NdFeB blank 220 by vacuum sputtering. In another example, the thickness of the second modifying layer 221 is adjusted corresponding to the thickness of the second NdFeB blank 220, that is, when the second NdFeB blank 220 is thick, the thickness of the second modifying layer 221 It also increases. In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the second modifying layer 221 to the thickness of the second NdFeB blank 220 is 1:150 to 1:300.

如第1及2E圖所示,步驟150係將第二釹鐵硼體202堆疊於第一釹鐵硼體201上,以形成釹鐵硼堆疊體203,其中第二改質層221貼合助熔層212。如第1及2F圖所示,步驟160係對釹鐵硼堆疊體203進行熱均壓處理,以形成改質釹鐵硼磁件200。其中,熱均壓處理可使第一釹鐵硼體201與第二釹鐵硼體202相互燒結接合。在一例子中,請參照第2G圖,第2G圖係繪示釹鐵硼堆疊體203放置於不鏽鋼瓶900中進行熱均壓處理230之示意圖。進行熱均壓處理230時,係先將釹鐵硼堆疊體203放入不鏽鋼瓶900中。其中,不鏽鋼瓶900的內部空間係對應釹鐵硼堆疊體203的形狀。並且,不鏽鋼瓶900之外壁910的厚度需夠薄,以使後續的熱均壓處理230能在預設的溫度及壓力環境下,透過不鏽鋼瓶900的外壁910而對不鏽鋼瓶900內部的釹鐵硼堆疊體203進行燒結作用。接著,對不鏽鋼瓶900進行真空封瓶處理,其中不鏽鋼瓶900中的真空度達5×10-5 托耳以下。之後,將真空封瓶後的不鏽鋼瓶900置入熱均壓機以進行熱均壓處理230。其中,熱均壓處理230的處理壓力大於120MPa、處理溫度700℃至850℃、以及持續時間係1小時至2小時。As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2E, in step 150, a second neodymium iron boron body 202 is stacked on the first neodymium iron boron body 201 to form a neodymium iron boron stack 203, wherein the second modified layer 221 is attached. Melting layer 212. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2F, in step 160, the neodymium iron boron stack 203 is subjected to heat equalization treatment to form a modified NdFeB magnet 200. Wherein, the heat equalizing treatment can cause the first NdFeB body 201 and the second NdFeB body 202 to be sintered and joined to each other. In an example, please refer to FIG. 2G. FIG. 2G is a schematic diagram showing that the neodymium iron boron stack 203 is placed in the stainless steel bottle 900 for thermal pressure equalization treatment 230. When the hot grading treatment 230 is performed, the neodymium iron boron stack 203 is first placed in the stainless steel bottle 900. The inner space of the stainless steel bottle 900 corresponds to the shape of the neodymium iron boron stack 203. Moreover, the thickness of the outer wall 910 of the stainless steel bottle 900 needs to be thin enough so that the subsequent heat equalizing treatment 230 can pass through the outer wall 910 of the stainless steel bottle 900 and the ferroniobium inside the stainless steel bottle 900 under a preset temperature and pressure environment. The boron stack 203 is subjected to sintering. Next, the stainless steel bottle 900 is subjected to a vacuum sealing treatment in which the degree of vacuum in the stainless steel bottle 900 is 5 × 10 -5 Torr or less. Thereafter, the vacuum-sealed stainless steel bottle 900 is placed in a thermal equalizer to perform a heat equalization treatment 230. Wherein, the treatment pressure of the heat equalization treatment 230 is greater than 120 MPa, the treatment temperature is 700 ° C to 850 ° C, and the duration is 1 hour to 2 hours.

如第2E及2F圖所示,在一例子中,進行熱均壓處理時,第一改質層211及第二改質層221可與助熔層212形成低熔點合金240,以使低熔點合金240中所含有的鏑成分可以在較低溫的製程條件下分別擴散至第一釹鐵硼胚件210的晶界中以及第二釹鐵硼胚件220的晶界中,藉以節省 製作成本。在一示範例子中,當助熔層212的材質為銅時,助熔層212可與第一改質層211及第二改質層221中的鏑(常壓下熔點約為1412℃)形成Dy3 Cu合金(熔點約為750℃)。所以,可以使用處理壓力大於120MPa、處理溫度約770℃、以及持續時間係2小時的製程條件進行熱均壓處理。在另一示範例子中,當助熔層212的材質為鎳時,助熔層212可與第一改質層211及第二改質層221中的鏑成分形成Dy3 Ni合金(常壓下熔點約為690℃)。所以,可以使用處理壓力大於120MPa、處理溫度約700℃、以及持續時間係2小時的製程條件進行熱均壓處理。在又一示範例子中,當助熔層212的材質為鋁時,助熔層212可與第一改質層211及第二改質層221中的鏑形成Dy3 Al合金(常壓下熔點約為850℃)。所以,可以使用處理壓力大於120MPa、處理溫度約850℃、以及持續時間係2小時的製程條件進行熱均壓處理。As shown in FIGS. 2E and 2F, in an example, when the heat averaging treatment is performed, the first modifying layer 211 and the second modifying layer 221 may form a low melting point alloy 240 with the fluxing layer 212 to lower the melting point. The antimony component contained in the alloy 240 can be diffused into the grain boundary of the first NdFeB blank 210 and the grain boundary of the second NdFeB blank 220 under a relatively low temperature process condition, thereby saving manufacturing costs. In an exemplary embodiment, when the material of the fluxing layer 212 is copper, the fluxing layer 212 may form a crucible (a melting point of about 1412 ° C under normal pressure) in the first modifying layer 211 and the second modifying layer 221 . Dy 3 Cu alloy (melting point is about 750 ° C). Therefore, the heat equalization treatment can be carried out using a process condition in which the treatment pressure is greater than 120 MPa, the treatment temperature is about 770 ° C, and the duration is 2 hours. In another exemplary example, when the material of the fluxing layer 212 is nickel, the fluxing layer 212 may form a Dy 3 Ni alloy with the germanium component in the first modifying layer 211 and the second modifying layer 221 (at normal pressure) The melting point is about 690 ° C). Therefore, the heat equalization treatment can be carried out using a process condition in which the treatment pressure is greater than 120 MPa, the treatment temperature is about 700 ° C, and the duration is 2 hours. In another exemplary example, when the material of the fluxing layer 212 is aluminum, the fluxing layer 212 may form a Dy 3 Al alloy with the lanthanum in the first modifying layer 211 and the second modifying layer 221 (the melting point under normal pressure) About 850 ° C). Therefore, the heat equalization treatment can be carried out using a process condition in which the treatment pressure is greater than 120 MPa, the treatment temperature is about 850 ° C, and the duration is 2 hours.

根據上述段落可知,本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法是利用熱均壓處理的方式來同時進行改良晶界擴散法以及燒結接合。一方面,在改良晶界擴散法中是利用擴散方式將鏑成分擴散至第一釹鐵硼胚件210的晶界中以及第二釹鐵硼胚件220的晶界中,所以具有鏑的使用量低的優點。並且,又因為助熔層212可降低熱均壓處理時的處理溫度,所以具有節省能源成本的效果。另一方面,第一釹鐵硼體201與第二釹鐵硼體202相互燒結接合而形成改質釹鐵硼磁件200,所以改質釹鐵硼磁件200的厚度可大於 4mm。在一示範例子中,第一釹鐵硼胚件210及第二釹鐵硼胚件220的厚度皆為3mm,所以進行熱均壓處理時,第一改質層211及第二改質層221的鏑成分可擴散至位於第一釹鐵硼胚件210中心區域的晶界中以及第二釹鐵硼胚件220中心區域的晶界中。另外,第一釹鐵硼體201與第二釹鐵硼體202又因為熱均壓處理而相互燒結接合進而形成改質釹鐵硼磁件200。所以,改質釹鐵硼磁件200除了因為鏑成分的改質,而增加了改質釹鐵硼磁件200的本質矯頑磁力以及熱穩定性之外,改質釹鐵硼磁件200整體還具有6mm的厚度。所以,本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法可在減少鏑的使用量的前提下,同時兼顧改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度、以及高本質矯頑磁力與熱穩定性。According to the above paragraph, the method for producing the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the present invention is to simultaneously perform the improved grain boundary diffusion method and the sintered joint by means of thermal pressure equalization treatment. On the one hand, in the improved grain boundary diffusion method, the germanium component is diffused into the grain boundary of the first neodymium iron boron blank 210 and the grain boundary of the second neodymium iron boron blank 220 by diffusion, so that the use of germanium is used. The advantage of low volume. Moreover, since the fluxing layer 212 can reduce the processing temperature at the time of the heat equalization treatment, it has an effect of saving energy costs. On the other hand, the first NdFeB body 201 and the second NdFeB body 202 are sintered to each other to form the modified NdFeB magnet 200, so the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnet 200 can be greater than 4mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the first neodymium iron boron blank 210 and the second neodymium iron boron blank 220 have a thickness of 3 mm, so when the heat equalization treatment is performed, the first modified layer 211 and the second modified layer 221 The germanium component can be diffused into the grain boundaries in the central region of the first neodymium iron boron blank 210 and in the grain boundaries of the central region of the second neodymium iron boron blank 220. In addition, the first NdFeB body 201 and the second NdFeB body 202 are sintered and joined to each other by heat equalization treatment to form the modified NdFeB magnet 200. Therefore, the modified NdFeB magnet 200 increases the intrinsic coercive force and thermal stability of the modified NdFeB magnet 200 in addition to the modification of the niobium-boron magnet 200, and the modified NdFeB magnet 200 as a whole It also has a thickness of 6 mm. Therefore, the method for manufacturing the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the present invention can simultaneously reduce the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnetic member and the high intrinsic coercive force and thermal stability while reducing the amount of niobium used.

請參照第3至4E圖,第3圖係繪示依照本發明第二實施例之一種改質釹鐵硼磁件400之製造方法300的流程圖。第4A至4E圖係繪示依照本發明第二實施例之一種改質釹鐵硼磁件400的製程剖面圖。如第3及4A圖所示,在改質釹鐵硼磁件400之製造方法300中,步驟310係提供數個釹鐵硼胚件410。釹鐵硼胚件410的製造方式可以類似於第一釹鐵硼胚件210或第二釹鐵硼胚件220的製造方式,故不再贅述。Please refer to FIG. 3 to FIG. 4E. FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method 300 for manufacturing the modified NdFeB magnet 400 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 4A to 4E are cross-sectional views showing the process of a modified NdFeB magnetic member 400 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, in the method 300 of fabricating the modified NdFeB magnet 400, step 310 provides a plurality of NdFeB blanks 410. The method of manufacturing the neodymium iron boron blank 410 may be similar to the manufacturing method of the first neodymium iron boron blank 210 or the second neodymium iron boron blank 220, and thus will not be described again.

如第3及4B圖所示,步驟320係分別對應形成數個改質層411於此些釹鐵硼胚件410之相對二表面上,其中每一個改質層411之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑。在一例子中,改質層411是以真空濺鍍的方式形成在釹鐵硼 胚件410上。在另一例子中,改質層411之厚度是對應釹鐵硼胚件410之厚度調整,當釹鐵硼胚件411較厚時,改質層411之厚度也隨之增加。在一示範例子中,改質層411之厚度與釹鐵硼胚件410之厚度的比例係1:150至1:300。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4B, step 320 corresponds to forming a plurality of modified layers 411 on opposite surfaces of the neodymium iron boron blanks 410, wherein the material of each of the modified layers 411 comprises tantalum and niobium oxide. Or cesium fluoride. In an example, the modified layer 411 is formed by vacuum sputtering on NdFeB On the blank member 410. In another example, the thickness of the modified layer 411 is adjusted corresponding to the thickness of the neodymium iron boron blank 410. When the neodymium iron boron blank 411 is thick, the thickness of the modified layer 411 also increases. In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the modified layer 411 to the thickness of the neodymium iron boron blank 410 is 1:150 to 1:300.

如第3及4C圖所示,步驟330係分別對應形成數個助熔層412於此些改質層411上,以形成數個釹鐵硼體401。在一例子中,助熔層412是以真空濺鍍的方式形成在改質層411上。在另一例子中,助熔層412的材質包含銅、鋁或鎳。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4C, step 330 is formed by forming a plurality of fluxing layers 412 on the modified layers 411 to form a plurality of neodymium iron boron bodies 401. In one example, the fluxing layer 412 is formed on the modified layer 411 by vacuum sputtering. In another example, the material of the fluxing layer 412 comprises copper, aluminum or nickel.

如第3及4D圖所示,步驟340係依序堆疊釹鐵硼體401,以形成釹鐵硼堆疊體402,其中相鄰之助熔層412互相貼合。如第3及4E圖所示,步驟350係對釹鐵硼堆疊體402進行熱均壓處理,以形成改質釹鐵硼磁件400。其中,熱均壓處理可使此些釹鐵硼體401相互燒結接合。在第二實施例的步驟350中,熱均壓處理的方式可以透過類似於第一實施例中利用真空封瓶的方式來進行。另外,如第4D及4E圖所示,進行熱均壓處理時,每一個釹鐵硼體401的助熔層412可與其鄰近的改質層411形成低熔點合金420,以使低熔點合金420中所含有的鏑成分可以在較低溫的製程條件下分別擴散至這些釹鐵硼胚件410中,藉以節省製作成本。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4D, step 340 sequentially stacks the NdFeB bodies 401 to form a NdFeB stack 402 in which adjacent fluxing layers 412 are bonded to each other. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4E, step 350 performs thermal pressure equalization treatment on the neodymium iron boron stack 402 to form a modified neodymium iron boron magnetic member 400. Wherein, the heat equalizing treatment can cause the NdFeB bodies 401 to be sintered and joined to each other. In the step 350 of the second embodiment, the manner of the heat equalization treatment can be performed in a manner similar to the vacuum sealing of the bottle in the first embodiment. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E, when the heat equalizing treatment is performed, the fluxing layer 412 of each of the NdFeB bodies 401 may form a low melting point alloy 420 with the adjacent modifying layer 411 to make the low melting point alloy 420. The antimony component contained in the crucible can be diffused into the neodymium iron boron blanks 410 under a relatively low temperature process condition, thereby saving production costs.

以下列舉一實施例及一比較例,藉此證明本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件可在基於減少鏑的使用量的前提下,同時兼顧改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度、以及提升本質矯頑磁力與熱 穩定性。並且,本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件還可具有大於4mm的厚度以及符合商用規範的磁性性質。Hereinafter, an embodiment and a comparative example are listed, thereby demonstrating that the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the present invention can simultaneously consider the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnetic member and enhance the essence under the premise of reducing the use amount of bismuth. Coercive force and heat stability. Moreover, the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the present invention may also have a thickness greater than 4 mm and a magnetic property in accordance with commercial specifications.

在實施例中,首先準備三個長度、寬度及厚度分別為50mm、40mm及3mm的釹鐵硼胚件。將釹鐵硼胚件的上表面及下表面以砂紙研磨並進行拋光處理之後,再利用丙酮與酒精進行超音波清洗。將清洗後的釹鐵硼胚件烘乾後,以真空濺鍍的方式於釹鐵硼胚件上依序鍍上材質為鏑的改質層以及材質為銅的助熔層,以形成釹鐵硼體。其中,改質層之厚度為10μm,且助熔層之厚度為2μm。接著,依序堆疊這些釹鐵硼體以形成釹鐵硼堆疊體。並在隔絕空氣之環境下將釹鐵硼堆疊體置入不鏽鋼瓶中,再進行真空封瓶處理,以使不鏽鋼瓶內形成真空度達5×10-5 托耳的真空狀態。之後,將進行真空封瓶處理後之不鏽鋼瓶置入熱均壓機以進行熱均壓處理,而形成具有9mm厚度的改質釹鐵硼磁件。其中,熱均壓處理的處理壓力大於120MPa,處理溫度約810℃,且持續時間係2小時。經過物性及磁性性質的測試後,實施例的改質釹鐵硼磁件的平均晶粒尺寸為10μm,氧含量為1255ppm、密度為7.52g/cm3 ,殘留磁化量(Br)為12.9千高斯(kG),本質矯頑磁力為22.4千奧斯特(kOe)以及最大磁能積((BH)max )為41.3百萬高斯-奧斯特(MGOe)。In the embodiment, three neodymium iron boron blanks having a length, a width, and a thickness of 50 mm, 40 mm, and 3 mm, respectively, are first prepared. The upper surface and the lower surface of the NdFeB blank are ground and sanded, and then ultrasonically cleaned with acetone and alcohol. After the cleaned NdFeB blank is dried, a modified layer of yttrium and a fluxing layer made of copper are sequentially plated on the NdFeB blank by vacuum sputtering to form lanthanum iron. Boron body. The thickness of the modified layer was 10 μm, and the thickness of the fluxing layer was 2 μm. Next, these NdFeB bodies are sequentially stacked to form a NdFeB stack. The NdFeB stack was placed in a stainless steel bottle in an air-insulated environment, and then subjected to vacuum sealing treatment to form a vacuum state of 5×10 -5 Torr in the stainless steel bottle. Thereafter, the stainless steel bottle subjected to vacuum sealing treatment was placed in a thermal pressure equalizer for thermal pressure equalization treatment to form a modified NdFeB magnetic member having a thickness of 9 mm. Wherein, the treatment pressure of the heat equalization treatment is greater than 120 MPa, the treatment temperature is about 810 ° C, and the duration is 2 hours. After the physical and magnetic properties were tested, the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the example had an average grain size of 10 μm, an oxygen content of 1255 ppm, a density of 7.52 g/cm 3 , and a residual magnetization (Br) of 12.9 kG. (kG), the intrinsic coercive force is 22.4 kOe and the maximum magnetic energy product ((BH) max ) is 41.3 million Gauss-Oster (MGOe).

在比較例中,首先準備一個長度、寬度及厚度分別為50mm、40mm及3mm的釹鐵硼胚件。將釹鐵硼胚件的上表面及下表面以砂紙研磨並進行拋光處理之後,再經由 丙酮與酒精超音波清洗。將清洗後的釹鐵硼胚件烘乾後,以真空濺鍍的方式於釹鐵硼胚件鍍上氟化鏑(DyF3 )。之後,對濺鍍後的釹鐵硼胚件進行晶界擴散法,以處理壓力大於等於120MPa以及處理溫度為900℃的真空熱處理將氟化鏑擴散進入至釹鐵硼胚件的內部,藉以形成具有3mm厚度的改質釹鐵硼磁件。經過物性及磁性性質的測試後,此比較例的改質釹鐵硼磁件的平均晶粒尺寸為10μm,氧含量為1250ppm,密度為7.52g/cm3 ,殘留磁化量(Br)為12.9千高斯,本質矯頑磁力為22.5千奧斯特以及最大磁能積為41.4百萬高斯-奧斯特。In the comparative example, a neodymium iron boron blank having a length, a width, and a thickness of 50 mm, 40 mm, and 3 mm, respectively, was prepared. The upper surface and the lower surface of the NdFeB blank were ground and sanded, and then ultrasonically washed with acetone and alcohol. After the cleaned NdFeB blank was dried, the NdFeB blank was plated with DyF 3 by vacuum sputtering. Thereafter, a grain boundary diffusion method is performed on the sputtered NdFeB blank, and a ruthenium fluoride is diffused into the interior of the NdFeB blank by a vacuum heat treatment at a treatment pressure of 120 MPa or more and a treatment temperature of 900 ° C, thereby forming Modified NdFeB magnetic piece with a thickness of 3 mm. After the physical and magnetic properties were tested, the modified NdFeB magnetic member of this comparative example had an average grain size of 10 μm, an oxygen content of 1,250 ppm, a density of 7.52 g/cm 3 , and a residual magnetization (Br) of 12.9 thousand. Gauss, the intrinsic coercive force is 22.5 kOe and the maximum magnetic energy product is 41.4 million Gauss-Oersted.

綜上觀之,利用本發明實施例之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法製得的改質釹鐵硼磁件,其物性及磁性性質皆相似於晶界擴散法比較例所製得的改質釹鐵硼磁件,並且物性及磁性性質皆符合現今的商用規範。另一方面,實施例之改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度為9mm,不僅遠超過比較例之改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度之外,還遠遠超過晶界擴散法僅能適用於最大厚度為4mm的改質釹鐵硼磁件。由此可見,本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法確實可在基於減少鏑的使用量的前提下,同時兼顧改質釹鐵硼磁件的厚度、以及高本質矯頑磁力與熱穩定性。又一方面,真空濺鍍及真空封瓶進行熱均壓處理皆可適用於量產製程上,所以本發明之改質釹鐵硼磁件的製造方法亦適合用於大量製造改質釹鐵硼磁件。In summary, the modified NdFeB magnetic member obtained by the method for manufacturing the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the embodiment of the present invention has physical properties and magnetic properties similar to those obtained by the comparative example of the grain boundary diffusion method. The modified NdFeB magnetic parts, and the physical and magnetic properties are in line with today's commercial specifications. On the other hand, the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the embodiment has a thickness of 9 mm, which is far more than the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the comparative example, and far exceeds the grain boundary diffusion method and can only be applied to the maximum. Modified NdFeB magnet with a thickness of 4mm. It can be seen that the manufacturing method of the modified NdFeB magnetic member of the present invention can surely take into consideration the thickness of the modified NdFeB magnetic member and the high intrinsic coercive force and heat on the premise of reducing the use amount of antimony. stability. On the other hand, the vacuum sputtering and the vacuum sealing of the bottle can be applied to the mass production process, so the manufacturing method of the modified NdFeB magnetic component of the invention is also suitable for mass production of modified NdFeB. Magnetic parts.

雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以 限定本發明,在本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not used The invention is defined by the general knowledge of the present invention, and various modifications and refinements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope is defined.

100‧‧‧方法100‧‧‧ method

110、120、130、140、150、160‧‧‧步驟110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160‧ ‧ steps

Claims (10)

一種改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,包含:提供一第一釹鐵硼胚件及一第二釹鐵硼胚件;形成一第一改質層於該第一釹鐵硼胚件上,其中該第一改質層之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑;形成一助熔層於該第一改質層上,以形成一第一釹鐵硼體;形成一第二改質層於該第二釹鐵硼胚件上,以形成一第二釹鐵硼體,其中該第二改質層之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑;堆疊該第二釹鐵硼體於該第一釹鐵硼體上,以形成一釹鐵硼堆疊體,其中該第二改質層貼合該助熔層;以及對該釹鐵硼堆疊體進行一熱均壓處理,以形成該改質釹鐵硼磁件。A method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic component, comprising: providing a first NdFeB blank and a second NdFeB blank; forming a first modified layer on the first NdFeB blank The material of the first modified layer comprises ruthenium, iridium oxide or ruthenium fluoride; forming a fluxing layer on the first modified layer to form a first samarium boron body; forming a second modified layer Forming a second NdFeB body on the second NdFeB blank, wherein the material of the second modified layer comprises ruthenium, ruthenium oxide or ruthenium fluoride; stacking the second NdFeB body a first NdFeB body to form a NdFeB stack, wherein the second modified layer is attached to the fluxing layer; and the NdFeB stack is subjected to a heat equalizing treatment to form the modification Quality iron and boron magnetic parts. 如請求項1所述之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,其中該第一改質層之厚度與該第一釹鐵硼胚件之厚度的比例係1:150至1:300。The method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a thickness of the first modified layer to a thickness of the first NdFeB blank is 1:150 to 1:300. 如請求項1所述之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,其中該助熔層之材質包含銅、鋁或鎳。The method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to claim 1, wherein the material of the fluxing layer comprises copper, aluminum or nickel. 如請求項1所述之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,其中該熱均壓處理之一處理壓力係大於120MPa、一處理溫度 係700℃至850℃、以及一持續時間係1小時至2小時。The method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to claim 1, wherein one of the heat equalization treatments has a pressure system greater than 120 MPa and a processing temperature. It is from 700 ° C to 850 ° C and for a duration of from 1 hour to 2 hours. 一種改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,包含:提供複數個釹鐵硼胚件;分別對應形成複數個改質層於該複數個釹鐵硼胚件上,其中每一該複數個改質層之材質包含鏑、氧化鏑或氟化鏑;分別對應形成複數個助熔層於該複數個改質層上,以形成複數個釹鐵硼體;依序堆疊該複數個釹鐵硼體,以形成一釹鐵硼堆疊體,其中相鄰之該複數個助熔層互相貼合;以及對該釹鐵硼堆疊體進行一熱均壓處理,以形成該改質釹鐵硼磁件。A method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic component, comprising: providing a plurality of NdFeB blanks; respectively forming a plurality of modified layers on the plurality of NdFeB blanks, wherein each of the plurality of modified The material of the layer comprises bismuth, yttrium oxide or lanthanum fluoride; respectively forming a plurality of fluxing layers on the plurality of modified layers to form a plurality of yttrium iron boron bodies; stacking the plurality of yttrium iron boron bodies in sequence, Forming a stack of neodymium iron boron, wherein the plurality of fluxing layers are adjacent to each other; and subjecting the neodymium iron boron stack to a heat equalizing treatment to form the modified neodymium iron boron magnetic member. 如請求項5所述之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,其中各該複數個改質層之厚度與對應之各該複數個釹鐵硼胚件之厚度的比例係1:150至1:300。The method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to claim 5, wherein a ratio of a thickness of each of the plurality of modified layers to a thickness of each of the plurality of NdFeB blanks is 1:150 to 1 :300. 如請求項5所述之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,其中該複數個助熔層之材質包含銅、鋁或鎳。The method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to claim 5, wherein the material of the plurality of fluxing layers comprises copper, aluminum or nickel. 如請求項5所述之改質釹鐵硼磁件之製造方法,其中該熱均壓處理之一處理壓力係大於等於120MPa、一處理溫度係700℃至850℃、以及一持續時間係1小時至2小時。The method for manufacturing a modified NdFeB magnetic member according to claim 5, wherein one of the heat equalization treatments has a treatment pressure of 120 MPa or more, a treatment temperature of 700 ° C to 850 ° C, and a duration of 1 hour. Up to 2 hours. 一種改質釹鐵硼磁件,其係利用如請求項1至8任一項所述之方法製得。A modified NdFeB magnetic member produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8. 如請求項9所述之改質釹鐵硼磁件,其中該改質釹鐵硼磁件之厚度大於4mm。The modified NdFeB magnetic member according to claim 9, wherein the modified NdFeB magnetic member has a thickness greater than 4 mm.
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TWI555041B (en) * 2015-05-08 2016-10-21 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 Method of producing ndfeb magnet using ndfeb magnet waste
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CN112908665A (en) * 2020-02-17 2021-06-04 廊坊京磁精密材料有限公司 Infiltration method for improving coercivity of sintered neodymium-iron-boron
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