TWI455445B - Power management system - Google Patents

Description

Power management system

The present invention relates to a power management system.

The biggest problem caused by vehicles or generators using petrochemical fuels such as gasoline or diesel is the generation of air pollution. As environmental awareness increases, the use of less polluting batteries as a source of power for vehicles or generators, It has become a technology that is currently being developed by the industry. Since vehicles and other large-scale machines require large voltages and currents for driving and operation, and most of them are driven by alternating current or even multi-phase alternating current, if batteries are used as power supply units, multiple batteries need to be connected in parallel. And / or connected in series to increase the output voltage and / or current of the power supply unit and convert it into alternating current or even multi-phase alternating current.

Since the battery is used in series because of its characteristics and residual power, it is necessary to specifically consider the matching condition before it can be applied to the series connection. If the residual power between the batteries is not equal when used in series, it will easily cause the battery with more residual power to be overcharged and cause damage when charging, and the battery with less residual power will be difficult to complete charging. Further, at the time of discharge, it is also easy to cause overdischarge due to the difference in characteristics between the batteries and the residual electric quantity, and cause damage to the battery.

Therefore, how to provide a power management system that can adjust the connection configuration of the power supply unit according to the charging voltage, the output voltage requirement or the state of each battery module, so as to charge or output AC power or Multi-phase AC, while effectively protecting the power supply unit, balancing charge and discharge and avoiding damage, has become one of the important topics.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a power management system capable of effectively protecting a power supply unit and avoiding power loss, and at the same time, adjusting a power supply unit according to a charging voltage, an output voltage requirement, or a state of each battery module. Connection configuration.

To achieve the above objective, a power management system according to the present invention includes a plurality of power supply units, at least one first diode, a control unit, and a first polarity switching unit. The power supply units are electrically connected to form a power supply unit string, and each of the power supply units includes a battery module and a first switching element. The battery module and the first switching element are connected in series to form a series module. One end of each of the first diodes is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end of the first diode is connected to a first common junction to form a discharge path. The control unit is electrically connected to the first switching component, and outputs the first switching signal to each of the first switching components according to the control signal, and controls each of the first switching components to be turned on or off. The first polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the control unit, the first common contact and the power supply unit string, and outputs a first operating voltage. The control unit outputs the first adjustment signal to the first polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the first operating voltage such that the first operating voltage is an alternating voltage.

To achieve the above objective, a power management system according to the present invention includes a plurality of power supply units, at least one second switching element, at least one third switching element, a first polarity switching unit, a second polarity switching unit, and a control unit. The power supply units are electrically connected to form a power supply unit string. Each power supply unit includes a battery module and a first switching component, and the battery module and the first switching component are connected in series to form a series module. One end of each of the second switching elements is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected to a first common contact to form a discharge path. One of the third switching elements is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected to a second common contact to form another discharge path. The first polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the first common contact, and outputs a first operating voltage. The second polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the second common contact, and outputs a second operating voltage. The control unit is electrically connected to the first switching component, the second switching component, the third switching component, the first polarity switching unit, and the second polarity switching unit, and outputs a first switching according to a control signal. Signaling to each of the first switching elements, respectively controlling each of the first switching elements to be turned on or off to control discharge of each battery module, and the control unit respectively outputs a second switching signal to each of the second switching elements according to the control signal, respectively Controlling each of the second switching elements to be turned on or off to control the discharge voltage of the first common contact, and the control unit respectively outputs a third switching signal to each of the third switching elements according to the control signal, respectively controlling the conduction of each of the third switching elements Or cutting off to control the discharge voltage of the second common contact, and the control unit outputs a first adjustment signal to the first polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the first operating voltage, and the control unit outputs a second adjustment signal to the second The polarity switching unit controls the polarity of the second operating voltage.

According to the above, a power management system according to the present invention outputs a first switching signal to the first switching component by the control unit to control the first The switching element is turned on or off, and the first operating voltage is adjusted to be an alternating voltage by controlling the polarity of the first operating voltage by controlling the first polarity switching unit, and not only the connecting element or the diode is connected through the connection, so that the switching element or the diode is connected. In addition to providing discharge, the power management system can also be equipped with functions such as charging, protecting the power supply unit or multi-phase output to avoid power loss, and at the same time, depending on the charging voltage, the output voltage requirement or the state of each battery module. Adjust the connection configuration of the power supply unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A power management system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements will be described with the same reference numerals.

Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 1 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 1 includes a plurality of power supply units 11A-11C, at least one first diode D1, a control unit 12, and a first polarity switching unit 13. In the present embodiment, three are taken as an example, but in different embodiments, one, two or other quantities may be used, and the invention is not limited thereto.

Each of the power supply units 11A-11C includes a battery module B and a first switching element SW1. The battery module B is connected in series with the first switching element SW1 to form a series module. The power supply units 11A to 11C are connected in series to form a power supply unit string. One end of each of the first diodes D1 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11A to 11C, and the other end is connected to a first common contact. In this embodiment, each of the first diodes D1 The cathodes are electrically connected to each other and connected to the first common junction.

In practice, the battery module B includes a secondary battery, an electric double-layer capacitor, or an energy storage/discharge element or combination. In addition, the battery module B may also include a photovoltaic cell or a fuel cell. In other words, each battery module B may be an element or a combination element including one or more energy storage/discharge elements, and the number of energy storage/discharge elements or combination elements included therein is not limited in the present invention.

The control unit 12 is electrically connected to the first switching element SW1 of the power supply units 11A to 11C, and outputs a first switching signal S1 to each of the first switching elements SW1 according to a control signal Sc, respectively controlling the first switching elements SW1 to be turned on. Or deadline. The control signal Sc can be a status signal or a communication signal or an order signal or a feedback signal or any combination of the foregoing signals. The status signal is, for example, the power status of each battery module B, and the feedback signal is, for example, a battery module. The voltage value of the output voltage of the group B, or the signal representing the voltage value of the first common contact, or the signal of the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1, or a signal transmitted by another controller.

The first polarity switching unit 13 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the control unit 12, and more specifically, the connection point of the first polarity switching unit 13 and the power supply unit string is one end of the power supply unit string. The first polarity switching unit 13 outputs a first operating voltage V1, and the first polarity switching unit 13 receives a first adjustment signal Sp1 output by the control unit 12 to adjust the polarity of the first operating voltage, so that the first operating voltage is output. V1 is an alternating voltage.

In this embodiment, three power supply units 11A to 11C are used. The pool module B is a 1.5 volt battery as an example. However, in practice, other power supply units can be used in combination. In addition, for convenience of explanation, the first-stage power supply unit, the second-stage power supply unit, and the third-stage power supply unit will be referred to as the bottom-up power supply units 11A to 11C shown in FIG. 1 respectively, but it should be noted that this is The above is referred to as the corresponding position shown in FIG. 1 and is not intended to limit the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 1 together to further explain the working principle of the power management system 1 . 2 is a waveform diagram of the first operating voltage V1 output by the power management system 1 described above.

When the time is between 0 and T1: the first switching control signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A, the first switching element SW1 and the third level of the second-stage power supply unit 11B, respectively. The first switching element SW1 of the power supply unit 11C is turned off, so that no power supply unit discharges during this period, and thus the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 0 volts in this time period.

When the time is between T1 and T2: the first switching control signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A to be turned on, the first switching element SW1 and the third of the second-stage power supply unit 11B, respectively. The first switching element SW1 of the stage power supply unit 11C is turned off, so that only the first stage power supply unit 11A discharges during this period, and the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operation with positive polarity. Voltage V1, then the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 1.5 volts during this time period.

When the time is between T2 and T3, the first switching signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A and the first switching element SW1 of the second-stage power supply unit 11B to be turned on, and the third stage. The first switching element SW1 of the power supply unit 11C is turned off, so that the battery module B and the second-stage power supply unit 11B of the first-stage power supply unit 11A are simultaneously discharged during the period, and the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first. The polarity switching unit 13 outputs the first operating voltage V1 with a positive polarity, so that the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 3 volts in this time zone.

When the time is between T3 and T4: the first switching signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A, the first switching element SW1 of the second-stage power supply unit 11B, and the third-stage power supply, respectively. The first switching element SW1 of the unit 11C is turned on, so that the first-stage power supply unit 11A, the second-stage power supply unit 11B, and the third-stage power supply unit 11C are discharged during the period, and the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1. The one polarity switching unit 13 outputs the first operating voltage V1 with a positive polarity, so that the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 4.5 volts at this time period.

When the time is between T4 and T5, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time from T2 to T3; when the time is between T5 and T6, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time from T1 to T2; T6~T7, the working condition and time of each switching component are the same as 0~T1. Please refer to the related descriptions above, and will not repeat them here.

When the time is between T7 and T8: it is about the same as the time between T1 and T2. The difference is that the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operating voltage V1 with a negative polarity, so that the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is -1.5 volts in this time zone, and the rest For the same part, please refer to the related descriptions above, and I will not repeat them here. It is to be noted that, for example, the control unit 12 determines whether the polarity of the first operating voltage V1 at this time should be positive or negative according to a switching component state table, and outputs the first adjusting signal Sp1 to the first polarity switching unit 13 . The control unit 12 can also obtain the voltage waveform of the output terminal by detecting the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1, and change the first switching signal S1 and the first adjustment signal Sp1 according to the requirement, and adjust the first polarity switching unit 13 Output the voltage and switch it from positive to negative or from negative to positive.

When the time is between T8 and T9: the time is between T2 and T3. The difference is that the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operating voltage V1 with a negative polarity. The voltage value of an operating voltage V1 is -3 volts in this time zone. For the rest of the same parts, please refer to the related description above, and details are not described herein again.

When the time is between T9 and T10: the time is between T3 and T4. The difference is that the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operating voltage V1 with a negative polarity. The voltage value of an operating voltage V1 is -4.5 volts in this time zone. For the rest of the same parts, please refer to the related descriptions above, and details are not described herein again.

When the time is between T10 and T11, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time from T8 to T9; when the time is between T11 and T12, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time between T7 and T8, please refer to The aforementioned phase The description is not repeated here.

In other words, the power management system 1 controls the number of power supply units participating in the discharge through the control unit 12, and controls the first polarity switching unit 13 to adjust the polarity of the output first operating voltage V1 so that the first operating voltage V1 is an alternating current. The voltage, in turn, is supplied to a load (not shown) as an AC power input.

It should be noted that the foregoing waveform diagram is only an example. The power management system 1 is not limited to providing the same output as the foregoing waveform. In actual operation, the time of the power supply units 11A to 11C participating in the discharge may be different according to different loads. The demand for an operating voltage V1 or other application considerations is based, for example, on the purpose of protecting the battery module B or extending the overall system life, and is adjusted and controlled by the control unit 12, for example, the batteries of the power units 11A to 11C of each stage. The output voltage of the module B is different. For example, the output voltages of the battery modules B of the power supply units 11A to 11C are 8V, 4V, and 2V, respectively; or the time segments are not completely equal, for example, the time segment 0~T1. It is smaller than the time zone T1 to T2 and the like, and the present invention is not limited.

Please refer to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B , which are different implementations of the first switching component of the power management system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3A, the first switching element SW1a is an N-type field effect transistor (N-MOSFET), and as shown in FIG. 3B, the first switching element SW1b is a P-type field effect transistor (P-MOSFET). .

In addition, the battery module B, the first switching element SW1, and the first diode D1 in the power unit 11 may have different changes in connection manner, such as As shown in Fig. 3C, the aforementioned components can change the order of connection, and the working principle is the same.

Please refer to FIG. 4A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2 is substantially the same as the power management system 1, except that the power management system 2 further includes a filtering unit 14 electrically connected to the first polarity for the purpose of reducing harmonic distortion of the first operating voltage. Switching unit 13. The filtering unit 14 includes, for example, an inductance element, a capacitance element, a resistance element, or a combination thereof. As for the remaining related technical features and working principles, it is no different from the power management system 1, and will not be described here.

Please refer to FIG. 4B, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 3 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 3 and the power management system 2 have substantially the same circuit architecture. The difference is that in the power management system 3, the first diodes D1 of the power supply units 31 are electrically connected to each other by an anode, and are connected to the first A total of contacts, not a cathode, in addition, the connection point of the first polarity switching unit 13 and the power supply unit string is the other end of the power supply unit string, and is different from the power management system 2, but the remaining related technical features and working principle It is no different from the power management system 2, so it will not be described again.

It must be noted here that the embodiment described later is based on the power management system 2 or the power management system 3, wherein the filtering unit 14 is included to reduce the harmonics of the first operating voltage V1. The embodiments achieve better performance, rather than the necessary components required to achieve the minimum efficacy of the various embodiments, that is, even if the filtering unit 14 is not included, the practical implementation of the embodiments is not affected.

Please refer to FIG. 4C, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2a according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Different from the power management system 2, each power unit 11a further includes a second diode D2. The second diode D2 is connected in parallel with the series module formed by the battery module B and the first switching element SW1 to provide a discharge bypass path. When the control unit 12 finds that a certain battery module B is about to be exhausted and cannot continue to discharge via the control signal Sc, the first switching element SW1 can be turned off by the corresponding S1 signal to stop the discharge of the battery module B. The battery module B will continue to discharge via the discharge current bypass path of the second diode D2.

Please refer to FIG. 4D, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2b according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Different from the power management system 2, the power management system 2b further includes at least one second diode D2 and a second polarity switching unit 17. Further, the power management system 2b includes four power supply units 11 connected in series. In this embodiment, the number of the second diodes D2 is exemplified by four, but in different embodiments, the number of the second diodes D2 may also be one, two or other quantities. The invention is not limited thereto.

One end of each of the second diodes D2 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11 and the other end is connected to a second common contact. In this embodiment, each of the second diodes is The anodes are electrically connected to each other and to the second common junction. The second polarity switching unit 17 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact, and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2. The second operating voltage V2 is an alternating current voltage, and the second polarity switching unit 17 is controlled according to one of the second adjusting signals Sp2 output by the control unit 12. The polarity of the second operating voltage V2 is made. In addition, the power management system 2b may further include a second switching element SW2 electrically connected between the power supply unit string and the second polarity switching unit 17, and electrically connected to the control unit 12, and the second switching element SW2 is according to the control unit 12. The output second switching signal S2 is turned on or off.

For example, when the first switching elements SW1B, SW1C, and SW1D and the second switching element SW2 are turned on, the first switching element SW1A is turned off, and the first operating voltage V1 is equal to the battery module corresponding to the first switching elements SW1B, SW1C, and SW1D. The sum of the voltages of B, and the second operating voltage V2 is equal to the voltage of the battery module B corresponding to the first switching element SW1A; when the first switching elements SW1A, SW1C, SW1D and the second switching element SW2 are turned on, the first switching element SW1B The first operating voltage V1 is equal to the sum of the voltages of the battery modules B corresponding to the first switching elements SW1C and SW1D, and the second operating voltage V2 is equal to the sum of the voltages of the battery modules B corresponding to the first switching elements SW1A and SW1B. And so on. In other words, by controlling the on or off of the first switching elements SW1A SW1 and SW1D and the second switching element SW2, the output of the first operating voltage V1 and the second operating voltage V2 can be controlled, for example, the first operating voltage V1. The phase is different from the phase of the second operating voltage V2 by 90 degrees.

Referring to FIG. 4E, the present invention which diagram of a preferred embodiment of the power management system 2a ₁ embodiment. The power management system 2a ₁ is substantially the same as the power management system 2a. The power management system 2a ₁ further includes at least one second switching element SW2 connected in series with the first diode D1, and the control unit 12 is based on the control signal Sc. A second switching signal S2 is output to control the second switching element SW2 to be turned on or off, thereby controlling the discharge current path path or the disconnection provided by the second switching element SW2 and the first diode D1. It should be noted that, depending on the number of the first diodes D1, the number of the second switching elements SW2 also changes correspondingly. Therefore, in this embodiment, the three second switching elements SW2 are taken as an example, but different. In the embodiment, the number of the second switching elements SW2 may also be one, two or other numbers, which is not limited in the present invention.

In addition, each battery module B has different power saturation values, so that the power management system 2a ₁ can obtain a more diverse output voltage waveform by combining the battery modules B having different power saturation values.

Please refer to FIG. 4F, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2a ₂ according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2a ₂ is substantially the same as the power management system 2a ₁ except that the power management system 2a ₂ has a dual-phase output, and further includes at least a third switching element SW3, at least one third diode D3, and a first The two-polarity switching unit 17.

Each of the third switching elements SW3 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11a, and the third switching element SW3 is electrically connected to the control unit 12, and is turned on according to a third switching signal S3 output by the control unit 12 or cutoff.

Each of the third diodes D3 is connected in series with one of the third switching elements SW3 and connected to a second common junction to provide a discharge current path.

It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the number of the third switching element SW3 and the third diode D3 are respectively described by taking three examples as examples. However, in different embodiments, the number of the second switching elements SW2 may also be one, two or other numbers, which is not limited in the present invention.

The second polarity switching unit 17 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2, and the control unit 12 outputs a second adjustment signal Sp2 to the second polarity switching. The unit 17 controls the polarity of the second operating voltage V2 such that the second operating voltage V2 is an alternating voltage.

The function of the third switching element SW3 of the power management system 2a ₂ is to control the number of power units 11a discharged to the second polarity switching unit 17, and the power management system 2a ₂ operates in a similar manner to the power management system 2a and the power management system 2a. The integration of ₁ is different, by controlling the on/off combination of the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the third switching element SW3, the power management system 2a ₂ can separately control the output to the first polarity switching unit 13 and The number of power supply units 11a of the two-polarity switching unit 17 provides a two-phase AC voltage output.

Referring to FIG. 4G, the present invention which diagram of a preferred embodiment of the power management system 2a ₃ embodiment. The power management system 2a ₃ is substantially the same as the power management system 2a ₂ except that the power management system 2a ₃ has a multi-phase output, and the power management system 2a ₃ includes not only a second polarity switching unit 17, but also another second The polarity switching unit 18, in addition, the third diode D3 is connected to another second common contact, and the second polarity switching unit 18 is electrically connected to the other second common contact and the power supply unit.

In the present embodiment, the power management system 2a ₃ has a similar working principle as the power management system 2a ₂ , except that the third switching element SW3 and the third diode D3 of the power management system 2a ₃ are divided into two groups. They are respectively coupled to the second polarity switching units 17, 18, and provide an output of the three-phase AC voltage by controlling the combination of the on/off of the respective third switching elements SW3.

It should be noted that the number of second common contacts may be three or more in different embodiments, the number of second common contacts may be at least one, and the number of second polarity switching units is The number of second common contacts is changed correspondingly, so that the power management system can provide multi-phase output, so the invention is not limited.

Referring to Figure 4H, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system of the preferred embodiment of 2b ₁ of the present invention. The power management system 2b ₁ is substantially the same as the power management system 2b, except that the second switching element SW2 connected between the power supply unit string and the second polarity switching unit 17 in the power management system 2b ₁ is removed, and each The second diode D1 is replaced by a second switching element SW2, and the second diode D2 is replaced by a third switching element SW3. The control unit 12 is electrically connected to each of the second switching element SW2 and the third switching element. SW3, and respectively output a second switching signal S2 and a third switching signal S3 to control each of the second switching element SW2 and each of the third switching elements SW3 to be turned on or off. As for the operation of the power management system 2b ₁ is still the same as that of the principle power management system 2b, it will not be described again.

Please refer to FIG. 4I, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2b ₂ according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2b ₂ is substantially the same as the power management system 2a ₂ except that the first diode D1 connected to the second switching element SW2 in the power management system 2b ₂ is removed, and is connected to the third switching element SW3. The third diode D3 is removed. As for the working principle of the power management system 2b ₂ , the working principle of the power management system 2a ₂ is still the same, and therefore will not be described again.

Referring to FIG. 4J, one of its power management system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a schematic 2b _3. The power management system 2b ₃ is substantially the same as the power management system 2a ₃ except that the first diode D1 connected to the second switching element SW2 in the power management system 2b ₃ is removed, and is connected to the third switching element SW3. The third diode D3 is removed. The operation of the power management system 2b ₃ is still the same as that of the principle power management system 2a ₃ , and therefore will not be described again.

It is to be noted that, in the above embodiment having a multi-phase AC voltage output, the control signal Sc may further include a signal representing a voltage value of each second common contact or a voltage value of each second operating voltage, The invention is not limited thereto.

Please refer to FIG. 5A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2c according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2c is substantially the same as the circuit structure of the power management system 2, except that the power management system 2c further includes a current controller I and a rectifying unit 15, and each power unit 11b further includes a second diode D2. The current controller I can be a current source or a current limiter.

The second diode D2 is connected in parallel to the first switching element SW1, and the second diode D2 provides a charging path of the battery module B. The current controller 1 is electrically connected to the first polarity switching unit 13 and the battery cell string. The rectifying unit 15 is connected in parallel to the first polarity switching unit 13. When the external charging power source is connected via the first polarity switching unit 13, the rectifying unit 15 can provide a charging Electrical current path.

When the power supply unit 11b is to be charged, the output end of the first polarity switching unit 13 can be used as an input terminal of the AC power source during charging, and the current direction and current value during charging can be controlled by the current controller I, and the power can be supplied. The battery modules B of the respective power supply units 11b, that is, the power supply units 11b at this time are not used for discharging, but receive electric energy supplied from an external power source for charging. Compared with the power management system 2, it has not only a discharge function but also a chargeable function, and can be reused.

Please refer to FIG. 5B, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 3a according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 3a and the power management system 3 have the same circuit architecture. The power management system 3a further includes a current controller 1 and a rectifying unit 15, and each power unit 31a further includes a second diode D2. .

The second diode D2 is connected in parallel to the first switching element SW1, and the second diode D2 provides a charging path of the battery module B. The current controller 1 is electrically connected to the first polarity switching unit 13 and the battery cell string. The rectifying unit 15 is connected in parallel to the first polarity switching unit 13. When the external charging power source is connected via the first polarity switching unit 13, the rectifying unit 15 can provide a charging current path.

The operation principle of the components added to the power management system 3 in this embodiment is the same as that of the power management system 2c. Therefore, please refer to the foregoing, and no further description is provided.

It is worth mentioning that, in this embodiment, each battery module B has a different number of batteries, meaning that the storage capacity of each battery module B is different. Similarly, since the number of batteries connected in series is also different, the voltages outputted by the battery modules B are also different. By matching the battery module B having a series and parallel combination of different battery numbers, the waveform of the first operating voltage V1 can be varied to meet the demand of the connected load. Moreover, the capacitance of each battery module B can also be proportional to its discharge duty cycle.

Please refer to FIG. 5C, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2d according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2d is substantially the same as the power management system 2c. The power management system 2d further includes a charging circuit 16 electrically connected to the power supply unit 11b. The charging circuit 16 is, for example, an additional auxiliary device. The charging circuit includes a charging power source and a bridge rectifier. The charging power source may include an alternating current power source or a direct current power source to charge the power source unit 11b.

In addition, in the present embodiment, since the power management system 2d additionally adds the charging circuit 16 to charge the battery module B without passing through the first polarity switching unit 13, the rectifying unit 15 may not be included.

Please refer to FIG. 5D, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2e according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2e is substantially the same as the circuit management structure of the power management system 2c, except that each power supply unit 11c further includes a second switching element SW2 connected in parallel with the battery module B and the series module formed by the first switching element SW1. a charging bypass path is electrically connected to the control unit 12, and the control unit 12 outputs a second switching signal S2 to each of the second switching elements SW2 according to the control signal Sc, respectively controlling the second switching elements SW2 to be turned on or off. .

For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 1 from bottom to top. When the battery module B of any stage is not required or suitable for charging, for example, when the battery module B of the stage has reached saturation state, the control unit 12 can be turned on by switching the second switching element SW2 to force the battery module of the stage. The group B is separated from the charging circuit. Otherwise, the second switching element SW2 is switched to be turned off, so that the battery module B of the power unit of the stage is charged.

Referring to FIG. 5E, it shows a variation of the power supply unit 11c, in which only the component connection order is changed, and the operation principle is the same.

Please refer to FIG. 6A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2f according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2f has substantially the same circuit structure as the power management system 2a, except that each power supply unit 11d of the power management system 2f further includes a second switching element SW2, a second switching element SW2 and a battery module B and a control unit. The series-connected modules are electrically connected to each other, and the control unit 12 outputs a second switching signal S2 to each of the second switching elements SW2 according to the control signal Sc, and controls each of the second switching elements SW2 to be turned on or off.

For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 1 from bottom to top. When it is required to output the voltage of the primary battery module B, the control unit 12 can control the second switching element SW2 to which the first-stage power supply unit 11d belongs to be turned on and start discharging. When the voltage of the two-stage battery module B needs to be output, The control unit 12 can control the second switching element SW2 to which the first-stage power supply unit 11d and the second-stage power supply unit 11d belong to be turned on and start discharging, and so on.

It is worth mentioning that the battery module B of the present embodiment can use components such as a fuel cell or a solar cell that do not need to be charged, and can also use an energy storage component that restores power through other mechanisms.

Referring to FIG. 6B, it shows a variation of the power supply unit 11d, in which only the component connection order is changed, and the operation principle is the same.

Please refer to FIG. 7A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2g according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2g is substantially the same as the circuit configuration of the power management system 2f. The difference is that the power management system 2g further includes a current controller 1 and a rectifying unit 15. The current controller 1 is electrically connected to the first polarity switching unit 13. The rectifying unit 15 is connected in parallel to the first polarity switching unit 13.

In addition, each power unit 11e further includes a third switching element SW3 and a third diode D3. The third switching element SW3 is electrically connected to the battery module B, the second switching element SW2 and the control unit 12 to provide a charging bypass path, and the control unit 12 outputs a third switching signal S3 to each of the third signals according to the control signal Sc. The switching element SW3 controls each of the third switching elements SW3 to be turned on or off, respectively. The third diode D3 is connected in parallel to the first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 to provide a charging path.

For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 1 from bottom to top. The working principle of the power management system 2g during discharge is the same as that of the power management system 2f, and therefore will not be described again. When charging, the working principle is the same as that of the power management system 2e. For example, when the power supply voltage for charging is low, At the same time, the plurality of battery modules B are charged, and the control unit 12 connects the second-stage power supply unit and the third-stage power supply unit. The third switching element SW3 is switched to be turned on, and the third switching element SW3 of the first-stage power supply unit is switched off to charge the battery module B of the first-stage power supply unit; when the first-level battery unit is After the battery module B is fully charged, the control unit 12 switches the first switching power source unit and the third switching element SW3 of the third-stage power supply unit to be turned on, and switches the third switching element SW3 of the second-stage power supply unit to the off state. To charge the battery module B of the second-stage power unit, and so on.

Of course, when the power supply for charging can simultaneously charge the two battery modules B, the control unit 12 can also switch the third switching element SW3 of the secondary power supply unit with a lower voltage to be turned off, and the third switching of the other power supply unit. The component SW3 is switched to be turned on to simultaneously charge the corresponding two battery modules B.

In other words, the control unit 12 controls the conduction or disconnection of the third switching element SW3 according to the voltage strength of the power source according to the charging or when the charging power source is a varying AC voltage, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the voltage of the charging power source. The number of battery modules B that are simultaneously charged is used to achieve maximum energy efficiency.

Referring to FIG. 7B to FIG. 7D , different from the power supply unit 11 f , in the embodiment of the power supply unit of FIGS. 7B to 7D , the power supply unit 11 f , 11 g , 11 h further includes a fourth diode D 4 , wherein The third diode D3 is instead connected to the first switching element SW1 in parallel, and the fourth diode D4 is connected in parallel to the second switching element SW2. The difference between FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C and FIG. 7D is that the series connection order of the battery module B, the first switching element SW1, and the second switching element SW2 is changed. Third diode D3 and fourth diode D4 is used to provide a charging current path, so that when the corresponding first switching element SW1 or the second switching element SW2 is turned off, the charging current can flow through the third diode D3 or the fourth diode D4. It should be noted that even if the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7B to 7D is different from that shown in FIG. 7A, the working principle is still the same.

Please refer to FIG. 8, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2h according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2h has substantially the same circuit structure as the power management system 2g. The difference is that the power management system 2h further includes a fourth diode D4 and a charging circuit 16. The fourth diode D4 is connected in parallel with the current controller I. The charging circuit 16 is electrically connected to the power supply units 11f.

In addition, each power supply unit 11f further includes a fourth switching element SW4 connected in parallel to the first diode D1 to provide a charging current path, and is electrically connected to the control unit 12, and the control unit 12 outputs a first according to the control signal Sc. The four switching signals S4 to the fourth switching elements SW4 respectively control the fourth switching elements SW4 to be turned on or off.

The working principle of the power management system 2h is similar to that of the power management system 2g. The difference between the two is that the control unit 12 of the power management system 2h can adjust the battery module B during charging by controlling the fourth switching element SW4 of each power supply unit. The length of the series is matched to the voltage of the charged power source. In addition, the battery module B can also be charged by connecting an external power source through the charging circuit 16.

Please refer to FIG. 9A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2i according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Power Management System 2i and Power Management The circuit structure of the system 2f is substantially the same, except that the power management system 2i further includes at least a third diode D3, a second polarity switching unit 17, and a third switching element SW3.

One end of each of the third diodes D3 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11d, and the other end is connected to a second common contact. The second polarity switching unit 17 is coupled to the power supply unit string, the second common contact, and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2. The second operating voltage V2 is an alternating current voltage, and the second polarity switching unit 17 controls the polarity of the second operating voltage V2 according to one of the second adjusting signals Sp2 outputted by the control unit 12. The third switching element SW3 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second polarity switching unit 17 and the control unit 12, and the third switching element SW3 is turned on or off according to a third switching signal SW3 output by the control unit 12.

In this embodiment, the working principle of the power management system 2i is the integrated power management system 2c and the power management system 2f, that is, the on/off combination of each switching element is controlled by the control unit 12, and the power supply unit of any level can be controlled. The discharge may of course also be selected by the first polarity switching unit 13 or by the second polarity switching unit 17. The third switching element SW3 is for controlling the output of the second operating voltage V2.

For example, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 2f from bottom to top. When the first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 of the first-stage power supply unit 11d are turned on, the second-stage power supply unit 11d The first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 are turned on, the first switching element SW1 of the third-stage power supply unit 11d is turned on, and the second switching element SW2 is turned off, and the first operating voltage output by the first polarity switching unit 13 is V1 is supplied from the first stage power supply unit 11d and the second stage power supply unit 11d, and the second operational voltage V2 output from the second polarity switching unit 17 is supplied from the third stage power supply unit 11d. In other words, variations in the various first operating voltages V1 and the second operating voltage V2 can be obtained by the on/off combination of the respective switching elements.

Please refer to FIG. 9B, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2j according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2j and the power management system 2i have the same circuit architecture. The difference is that the power management system 2j further provides charging and charging control functions. The power management system 2j further includes a current controller I and a rectifying unit 15. Each of the power supply units 11g further includes a fourth switching element SW4 and a fourth diode D4. For the connection mode and working principle of the fourth switching element SW4, the fourth diode D4, the current controller I and the rectifying unit 15, please refer to the third switching element SW3, the third diode D3, and the current controller of the power management system 2g. I and the description of the rectifying unit 15.

In this embodiment, compared with the power management system 2i, the power management system 2j can control not only the on/off combination of each switching element but also the discharge of any one of the power supply units through the control unit 12, and can also control each of the power supply units through the control unit 12. The on/off combination of the switching elements charges any of the power supply units.

Referring to FIGS. 9C and 9D, it shows a variation of the power supply unit 11g. The power supply unit 11h, 11i includes a fifth diode D5, wherein the fourth diode D4 is instead connected to the first switching element SW1 in parallel, and the fifth diode D5 is connected in parallel to the second switching element SW2. Figure 9C and Figure 9D The difference is that the series connection order of the battery module B, the first switching element SW1, and the second switching element SW2 is changed. It should be noted that even if the embodiment shown in FIG. 9C and FIG. 9D is different from that shown in FIG. 9B, the working principle is still the same.

Please refer to FIG. 10A , which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 4 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Please also refer to the schematic diagram of the power supply unit shown in FIG. 10B and FIG. 10C . The power management system 4 is implemented according to the power management system 1. The power management system 4 includes a plurality of power supply units U1 to U6, at least one first diode D1, and at least one second diode D2. A control unit 12, a first polarity switching unit P and a second polarity switching unit Q. In this embodiment, the number of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are respectively described by taking three examples, but in different embodiments, the first diode D1 and the second diode The number of D2 may also be one, two or other quantities. Of course, the number of the first diode D1 and the number of the second diode D2 may be different from each other, for example, the number of the first diode D1 is two. The number of the second diode D2 is one, and the invention is not limited.

The power supply units U1 to U6 are electrically connected to form a power supply unit string, and the power supply units U1 to U6 are divided into a first group C1 and a second group C2. The first group C1 includes power supply units U1~U3, and the second group C2 includes The power supply units U4 to U6, each of the power supply units U1 to U6 includes a battery module B and a first switching element SW1, and the battery module B and the first switching element SW1 are connected in series to form a series module.

One end of each first diode D1 and each power supply of the first group C1 The U1~U3 are electrically connected, and the other end is connected to a first common contact. Further, the cathodes of the first diodes D1 are electrically connected to each other and connected to the first common contact to form a first A discharge path.

One end of each of the second diodes D2 is electrically connected to each of the power supply units U4 to U6 of the second group C2, and the other end is connected to a second common contact, and further, each of the second diodes D2 The anodes are electrically connected to each other and connected to the second common junction to form a second discharge path.

The control unit 12 is electrically connected to the first switching elements SW1, and outputs a first switching signal S1 to each of the first switching elements SW1 according to a control signal Sc, respectively controlling the first switching elements SW1 to be turned on or off. The discharge voltages of the first common contact and the second common contact are controlled.

The first polarity switching unit P is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the first common contact and the control unit 12, and outputs a first operating voltage V1, and the control unit 12 outputs a first adjustment signal Sp1 to the first polarity switching. The unit P controls the polarity of the first operating voltage V1 such that the first operating voltage V1 is an alternating voltage.

The second polarity switching unit Q is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2, and the control unit 12 outputs a second adjustment signal Sp2 to the second polarity switching. The unit Q controls the polarity of the second operating voltage V2 such that the second operating voltage V2 is an alternating voltage.

The working principle of the power management system 4 is similar to that of the power management system 1. The difference is that the power management system 4 has dual outputs, which can be regarded as a serial connection between a power management system 1 and a power management system 3. When the first operating voltage V1 and the second operating voltage V2 are independently provided, they do not affect each other. Therefore, please refer to the descriptions of the power management system 1 and the power management system 3 for the working principle.

In addition, the various variations of the foregoing various power supply units can be applied to the power supply units U1 to U6, and the related working principles are also the same as those described above, and will not be described again.

Please refer to FIG. 11A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 5 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 5 is substantially the same as the power management system 4, except that the power management system 5 further includes at least one third diode D3 and at least one second switching element SW2. In this embodiment, the number of the third diode D3 and the second switching element SW2 are respectively described by taking four examples, but in different embodiments, the third diode D3 and the second switching element SW2 are The number may also be one, two or other quantities, and the invention is not limited thereto.

One end of each of the third diodes D3 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units U1 to U6, and the other end is connected to a third common contact.

One end of each of the second switching elements SW2 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units U1 to U6, and the other end is connected to a fourth common contact, and each of the second switching elements SW2 is electrically connected to the control unit 12.

The third polarity switching unit R is electrically connected to the third common contact, the fourth common contact, and the control unit 12, and outputs a third operating voltage V3.

The control unit 12 outputs a second switching signal S2 to the second switching element SW2 according to a control signal Sc, and controls the second switching element SW2 to be turned on or off to control the voltage between the third common contact and the fourth common contact; third The polarity switching unit R controls the polarity of the third operating voltage V3 according to one of the third adjustment signals Sp3 output by the control unit 12.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 11B and FIG. 11C, the battery module B of the power supply units U2 to U5 of the power management system 5 and the first switching element SW1 further have a current path compared with the power management system 4. The third polarity switching unit R is coupled, but its circuit structure and working principle are still different from the foregoing.

For convenience of description, in this embodiment, the power supply unit is defined as the first to sixth power supply units U1 to U6 from top to bottom. For the control of the first operating voltage V1 and the second operating voltage V2, refer to the description of the power management system 1 and the power management system 3 described above. When the third operating voltage V3 needs to output the voltage of the battery module B, the control unit 12 can turn on the second switching element SW2 corresponding to the second-stage power supply unit U2, and connect the third, fourth, and fifth-level power supply units U3. When the second switching element SW2 corresponding to U4 and U5 is turned off, the second-stage battery module U2 can be discharged to the third polarity switching unit R to obtain the required voltage. When the third operating voltage V3 needs to output the voltage of the two battery modules B, the control unit 12 can turn on the second switching element SW2 corresponding to the second and third power supply units U2 and U3, and turn on the fourth and fifth power supplies. The second switching element SW2 corresponding to the units U4 and U5 is turned off, so that the second and third-stage power supply units U2 and U3 are discharged to the third polarity switching unit R to obtain a required voltage. And so on.

Therefore, the first switching signal S1 and the second switching signal S2 outputted by the control unit 12 control the on/off combination of the switching elements, and the polarity of the output voltage of each polarity switching unit is controlled, and the power management system 5 loses. The first operating voltage V1, the second operating voltage V2, and the third operating voltage V3 are output, and the phase difference between the two may be 120 degrees, that is, the power management system 5 can provide a three-phase alternating current power supply (three phase AC power) output.

It should be noted that the foregoing various power supply unit variations can be applied to the power supply units U1 to U6, and the related working principles are also the same as the foregoing. The power supply units U1a to U6a shown in FIG. 11D to FIG. 11G are as follows. For example, the working principle of this embodiment will be further described.

Referring to FIG. 11A and FIG. 11D to FIG. 11G, FIG. 11D is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U1a of a power supply unit U1, and FIG. 11E is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U2 or U3 of a power supply unit U2 or U3. FIG. 11F is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U4 or U5 of a power supply unit U4 or U5, and FIG. 11G is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U6a of a power supply unit U6.

The power supply units U1a to U6a are different from the power supply units U1 to U6. The power supply units U1a to U6a further include a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, and a third switching. Element SW3 and a fourth switching element SW4.

Please refer to FIG. 12A to FIG. 12E at the same time, wherein FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram of various state combinations of the power management system 5 and the switching elements of the power supply units U1a to U6a, and the fourth switching element SW4 not listed is in an off state, FIG. 12B The voltage values of the various operating voltages of the power management system 5 correspond to the various states of the switching elements listed in FIG. 12A. FIGS. 12C to 12E are schematic diagrams showing the output waveforms of the operating voltages V1 to V3, respectively.

Therefore, the first switching signal S1, the second switching signal S2, the third switching signal S3, and the fourth switching signal S4 outputted by the control unit 12 control the on/off combination of the switching elements, and control the output of each polarity switching unit. The polarity of the voltage, the power management system 5 outputs the first operating voltage V1, the second operating voltage V2, and the third operating voltage V3, and the phase difference between the two is 120 degrees, that is, the power management system 5 can provide a The output of a three-phase AC power supply.

Please refer to FIG. 13, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 5a is substantially the same as the power management system 5, except that the connection positions of the second switching element SW2 and the third diode D3 are exchanged, and the connection mode is reversed. However, the overall operation principle of the power management system 5a is still the same as that of the power supply. The management system 5 is the same.

In addition, in the present embodiment, although the six power supply unit is taken as an example, the actual number of power supply units may be combined with the actual operation, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

Please refer to FIG. 14A, which is a schematic diagram of the first polarity switching unit 13a. Of course, this embodiment can also be applied to the first polarity switching unit P or the second polarity switching unit 17, 18, Q or the third polarity switching unit R. The first polarity switching unit 13a includes a first transistor T1. Dielectric transistor T2, third transistor T3, fourth transistor T4, first rectifying diode Da, second rectifying diode Db, third rectifying diode Dc, fourth rectifying diode Dd, A control terminal Sp1a and a second control terminal Sp1b. When the first control terminal Sp1a is at a high potential and the second control terminal Sp1b is at a low potential, the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 are turned on, and the current flows through the node P1. a transistor T1, a node P3, a load (not shown), a node P4, a second transistor T2 to a node P2, when the first control terminal Sp1a is at a low potential, and the second control terminal Sp1b is at a high potential, The three transistors T3 and the fourth transistor T4 are turned on, and the current flows from the node P1 through the third transistor T3, the node P4, the load, the node P3, and the second transistor T2 to the node P2.

Please refer to FIG. 14B, which is a schematic diagram of the first polarity switching unit 13b. The polarity switching unit 13b includes a first DC terminal (node P1), a second DC terminal (node P2), two AC terminals (nodes P3, P4), a first control terminal Sp1a, and a second control terminal Sp1b. a transformer TS, a first transistor T1 and a second transistor T2, the transformer TS has a primary winding TS1 and a primary winding TS2, wherein the primary winding TS1 has a first primary end, a second primary end and a middle tap end The middle tap end is connected to the first DC end (node P1), and the two ends of the secondary ring TS2 are respectively connected to the two AC ends (nodes P3, P4). The first transistor T1 is electrically connected to the first primary end, the second DC terminal (node P2), and the first control terminal Sp1a, and provides a unidirectional current path between the first primary end and the second DC end, and is A control terminal Sp1a controls its conduction and deactivation. The second transistor T2 is electrically connected to the second primary end, the second DC end (node P2) and the second control end Sp1b, and provides a unidirectional current path between the second primary end and the second DC end (node P2) And is controlled to be turned on and off by the second control terminal Sp1b.

The primary ring TS1, the first DC terminal (node P1) and the second DC terminal (node P2) can receive the discharge voltage of the power supply string, and the discharge voltage is a change from peak to zero or the lowest value at a specific frequency. a voltage through which the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 have a zero or minimum discharge voltage When the value is switched, the switching is turned on and off to switch the polarity of the output, and the alternating current is outputted to the secondary ring TS2 and the two alternating current terminals (nodes P3, P4).

Please refer to FIG. 14C, which is a schematic diagram of the first polarity switching unit 13c. Compared with the first polarity switching unit 13b, the first polarity switching unit 13c further includes a first rectifying diode Da and a second rectifying diode Db. The first rectifying diode Da is connected in parallel with the first transistor T1 to provide a reverse current path. The second rectifying diode Db is connected in parallel with the second transistor T2 to provide a reverse current path.

When the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 are both turned off, the two AC terminals (nodes P3, P4) and the secondary ring TS2 can receive an AC input, and the primary ring TS1 and the first rectifier diode Da And the second rectifying diode Db is rectified into a DC voltage, which is outputted by the first DC terminal (node P1) and the second DC terminal (node P2), and charges each power supply unit.

It should be noted that the various embodiments described above are based on the power management system 2, and the technical features can be applied to the power management system 3, the only difference being the first of the first diode D1. The different joints are different and therefore will not be described again, but they should still be within the scope of the present invention.

In summary, the power management system according to the present invention outputs a first switching signal to the first switching element by the control unit to control whether the first switching element is turned on or off, and adjusts the first by controlling the first polarity switching unit. The polarity of the operating voltage, so that the first operating voltage is an alternating voltage, not only that, but also by connecting additional switching elements or diodes, so that the power management system can be charged and protected in addition to providing discharge. Protect the power supply unit or multi-phase output to avoid power loss, and at the same time adjust the connection configuration of the power supply unit according to the charging voltage, output voltage requirements or the status of each battery module.

The above is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. Any equivalent modifications or changes made to the spirit and scope of this case shall be included in the scope of the appended patent application.

₁ , 2, 2a~2j, 2a ₁ ~ 2a ₃ , 2b, 2b ₁ ~ 2b ₃ , ₃ , 3a, ₄ , 5, 5a‧‧‧ Power Management System

11, 11a~11i, 11A~11C, 31, 31a, U1~U6, U1a~U6a‧‧ Power unit

12‧‧‧Control unit

13, 13a~13c, P‧‧‧ first polarity switching unit

14‧‧‧Filter unit

15‧‧‧Rectifier unit

16‧‧‧Charging circuit

17, 18, Q‧‧‧Second polarity switching unit

B‧‧‧ battery module

C1‧‧‧First Group

C2‧‧‧ second group

D1‧‧‧First Diode

D2‧‧‧ second diode

D3‧‧‧ third diode

D4‧‧‧ fourth diode

D5‧‧‧ fifth diode

D6‧‧‧ sixth diode

Da‧‧‧First Rectifier Diode

Db‧‧‧Secondary rectifier

Dc‧‧‧ third rectifier diode

Dd‧‧‧4th rectifying diode

I‧‧‧ current controller

P1~P4‧‧‧ nodes

R‧‧‧third polarity switching unit

S1‧‧‧ first switching signal

S2‧‧‧Second switching signal

S3‧‧‧ third switching signal

S4‧‧‧ fourth switching signal

Sc‧‧‧ control signal

Sp1‧‧‧First adjustment signal

Sp1a‧‧‧ first control end

Sp1b‧‧‧ second console

Sp2‧‧‧ second adjustment signal

Sp3‧‧‧ third adjustment signal

SW1, SW1a, SW1b, SW1A~SW1D‧‧‧ first switching element

SW2‧‧‧Second switching element

SW3‧‧‧3rd switching element

SW4‧‧‧4th switching element

T1‧‧‧first transistor

T2‧‧‧second transistor

T3‧‧‧ third transistor

T4‧‧‧ fourth transistor

TS‧‧‧Transformer

TS1‧‧‧ primary circle

TS2‧‧‧secondary circle

V1‧‧‧ first operating voltage

V2, V2a‧‧‧ second operating voltage

V3‧‧‧ third operating voltage

1 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a first operating voltage; FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are schematic diagrams of a first switching component; FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 4D is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4E is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4F is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 4G is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4H is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4I is a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 4A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5B is a power management method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 5C is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5E is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit; FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 8 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 9A and FIG. 9D are schematic diagrams of a power supply unit; FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10B and FIG. 10C are schematic diagrams of a power supply unit; A schematic diagram of a power management system; FIGS. 11B-11G are schematic diagrams of power supply units; FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram of state combinations of switching elements; FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram of voltage values of respective operating voltages; FIG. 12C to FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and FIGS. 14A-14C are schematic diagrams of a first polarity switching unit.

1‧‧‧Power Management System

11A~11C‧‧‧Power unit

12‧‧‧Control unit

13‧‧‧First polarity switching unit

B‧‧‧ battery module

D1‧‧‧First Diode

S1‧‧‧ first switching signal

Sc‧‧‧ control signal

Sp1‧‧‧First adjustment signal

SW1‧‧‧ first switching element

V1‧‧‧ first operating voltage

Claims (13)

A power management system includes: a plurality of power supply units connected in series to form a power supply unit string, each of the power supply units including a battery module, a first switching component, and the battery module and the first The switching elements are connected in series to form a series module; at least one first diode, one end of each of the first diodes is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end of the first diode Connected to a first common contact, and form a discharge path; a control unit is electrically connected to the first switching elements, and outputs a first switching signal to each of the first switching elements according to a control signal, Controlling each of the first switching elements to be turned on or off to control a discharge voltage of the first common contact; and a first polarity switching unit, the power supply unit string, the first common contact, and the control unit Connecting, and outputting a first operating voltage, and the control unit outputs a first adjustment signal to the first polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the first operating voltage, wherein each of the power supply units is further Comprising a second diode connected in parallel with the series module, providing a bypass discharge path. The power management system of claim 1, wherein each of the power supply units further includes: a second switching component connected in series with the series module, the second switching component being electrically connected to the control unit, And according to the control unit, a second switching signal is turned on or off. A power management system includes: a plurality of power supply units connected in series to form a power supply unit string, each of the power supply units including a battery module, a first switching component, and the battery module and the first The switching elements are connected in series to form a series module; at least one first diode, one end of each of the first diodes is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end of the first diode Connected to a first common contact, and form a discharge path; a control unit is electrically connected to the first switching elements, and outputs a first switching signal to each of the first switching elements according to a control signal, Controlling each of the first switching elements to be turned on or off to control a discharge voltage of the first common contact; a first polarity switching unit electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the first common contact, and the control unit And outputting a first operating voltage, and the control unit outputs a first adjustment signal to the first polarity switching unit to control a polarity of the first operating voltage; and a second diode, and the Cell module and the first switching element is electrically connected, providing a charging path. The power management system of claim 3, wherein each of the power supply units further includes: a second switching component electrically connected to the series module to provide a charging bypass path, the second switching component The control unit is electrically connected, and the second switching signal is turned on or off according to one of the outputs of the control unit. The power management system of claim 1, further comprising: at least one second switching component respectively connected in parallel with each of the first diodes to provide a charging current path, the second switching component and the The control unit is electrically connected, and the second switching signal is turned on or off according to one of the outputs of the control unit. A power management system includes: a plurality of power supply units connected in series to form a power supply unit string, each of the power supply units including a battery module, a first switching component, and the battery module and the first The switching elements are connected in series to form a series module; at least one first diode, one end of each of the first diodes is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end of the first diode Connected to a first common contact, and form a discharge path; a control unit is electrically connected to the first switching elements, and outputs a first switching signal to each of the first switching elements according to a control signal, Controlling each of the first switching elements to be turned on or off to control a discharge voltage of the first common contact; a first polarity switching unit electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the first common contact, and the control unit And outputting a first operating voltage, and the control unit outputs a first adjustment signal to the first polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the first operating voltage; at least one second diode, each of the One end of the diode twenty-two which are electrically connected to one of these power supply units, and the other end connected to a second common point; and a second polarity switching unit electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact, and the control unit, and outputting a second operating voltage, the second polarity switching unit is configured according to the output of the control unit Second, the signal is adjusted to control the polarity of the second operating voltage. The power management system of claim 2, further comprising: at least one third diode, one end of each of the third diodes being electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected a second polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact, and the control unit, and outputs a second operating voltage, and the second polarity switching unit is configured according to The control unit outputs a second adjustment signal to control the polarity of the second operating voltage. The power management system of claim 3, further comprising: a current controller electrically connecting the first polarity switching unit and the power unit string to provide the charging path; a rectifying unit, and the first The polarity switching units are connected in parallel to provide the charging path. The power management system of claim 6, further comprising: at least one third diode, one end of each of the third diodes being electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected a third common contact; at least one second switching component, one end of each of the second switching components is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected to a fourth common contact, each of the The switching element is based on the control signal One of the output second switching signals is turned on or off; and a third polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the third common contact, the fourth common contact, and the control unit, and outputs a third operating voltage. And controlling the polarity of the third operating voltage according to one of the third adjustment signals output by the control unit. The power management system of claim 1, further comprising: at least one second switching component, which is respectively connected in series with each of the first diodes, and the second switching component is electrically connected to the control unit, And according to one of the outputs of the control unit, the second switching signal is turned on or off. The power management system of claim 10, further comprising: at least one third switching component, each of the third switching components being electrically connected to one of the power supply units and the control unit, and according to the The third switching signal outputted by the control unit is turned on or off; at least one third diode, each of the third diodes is respectively connected in series with one of the third switching elements, and each is electrically connected to at least a second common contact, providing at least one discharge current path; and at least one second polarity switching unit electrically connected to the power supply unit string, one of the second common contacts, and the control unit, and outputting at least a second operating voltage, and controlling a polarity of the second operating voltage according to a second adjustment signal output by the control unit. A power management system includes: a plurality of power supply units, wherein the power supply units are electrically connected to form an electric a source unit string, each of the power unit includes a battery module and a first switching element, and the battery module and the first switching element are connected in series to form a series module; at least one second switching element, each of the second One end of the switching element is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected to a first common contact to form a discharge path; at least one third switching element, one end of each of the third switching elements is respectively One of the power supply units is electrically connected, and the other end is connected to a second common contact to form another discharge path; a first polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the first common contact And outputting a first operating voltage; a second polarity switching unit electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the second common contact, and outputting a second operating voltage; and a control unit, and the first The switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, the first polarity switching unit and the second polarity switching unit are electrically connected, and respectively output a first switching signal according to a control signal Each of the first switching elements respectively controls each of the first switching elements to be turned on or off. The control unit outputs a second switching signal to each of the second switching elements according to the control signal, respectively controlling the second switching elements to be turned on. Or cutting off to control the discharge voltage of the first common contact, the control unit respectively outputs a third switching signal to each of the third switching elements according to the control signal, and controls each of the third switching elements to be turned on or off to control The discharge voltage of the second common contact, the control unit output A first adjustment signal is sent to the first polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the first operating voltage, and the control unit outputs a second adjustment signal to the second polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the second operating voltage. The power management system of claim 1 or 12, wherein the first polarity switching unit or the second polarity switching unit comprises: a first DC terminal, a second DC terminal, and a second AC terminal. a first control terminal and a second control terminal; a transformer having a primary ring and a primary ring, wherein the primary ring has a first primary end, a second primary end, and a middle tap end, the intermediate tap The first end is connected to the first DC end, and the two ends of the second ring are respectively connected to the two AC ends; a first transistor is electrically connected to the first primary end, the second DC end, and the first The control terminal provides a unidirectional current path between the first primary end and the second DC terminal, and is controlled to be turned on and off by the first control terminal; a second transistor electrically connected to the second primary end The second DC terminal and the second control terminal provide a unidirectional current path between the second primary end and the second DC terminal, and the second control terminal controls its conduction and cutoff; a pole body, in parallel with the first transistor, providing a reverse power Path; and a second rectifier diode, connected in parallel with the second transistor, to provide an inverse a current path, wherein the primary coil, the first DC terminal, and the second DC terminal receive a voltage at a specific frequency between a peak voltage and a minimum voltage, and a DC voltage is transmitted through the first transistor The second transistor alternately turns on and off to switch the current direction of the primary ring when the DC voltage is close to or equal to the lowest voltage thereof, and outputs a frequency at the secondary ring and the two AC terminals to the specific frequency. An alternating current, when the first transistor and the second transistor are both turned off, the two alternating current ends receive an alternating current input, and the primary ring, the first rectifying diode, and the second rectifying diode The current is rectified into a DC voltage, and is outputted by the first DC terminal and the second DC terminal.