TWI454565B - Coal liquid mixture - Google Patents
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本發明係一種液態煤漿組合物，特別係關於一種具備高灰熔融點的液態煤漿組合物，其可降低燃燒時爐渣的形成，減少作業人員清理鍋爐的頻率以及延長鍋爐的使用壽命。 The present invention relates to a liquid coal slurry composition, and more particularly to a liquid coal slurry composition having a high ash melting point, which can reduce the formation of slag during combustion, reduce the frequency of cleaning of the boiler by the operator, and prolong the service life of the boiler.
近年來，隨著世界原物料價格不斷地飆漲，重油的成本亦不斷地上升，迫使大部分的鍋爐燃燒業者紛紛改用價格低廉的水煤漿取代重油作為燃料。 In recent years, as the world's raw material prices continue to soar, the cost of heavy oil has continued to rise, forcing most boiler manufacturers to switch to low-cost coal-water slurry as a fuel.
眾所皆知地，水煤漿為由約60至70%煤材、約30至40%水及微量用來均勻分散煤材於水中的分散劑混合製得。燃燒時，平均每公斤水煤漿產生的熱量約為4,200至4,800大卡，換而言之，平均約二公噸的水煤漿可以取代一公噸的重油。此外，水煤漿的燃燒溫度比重油的燃燒溫度低約100至200℃，可大幅地減少燃燒時二氧化硫及氮氧化物(NOX)的排放，降低環境污染。 It is well known that coal water slurry is prepared by mixing about 60 to 70% of coal, about 30 to 40% of water, and a small amount of a dispersant for uniformly dispersing coal in water. At the time of combustion, the average calorific value per kilogram of coal water slurry is about 4,200 to 4,800 kcal. In other words, an average of about two metric tons of coal water slurry can replace one metric ton of heavy oil. In addition, the combustion temperature of the coal water slurry is lower than the combustion temperature of the oil by about 100 to 200 ° C, which can greatly reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (NO X ) during combustion and reduce environmental pollution.
除了上述可減少燃燒時二氧化硫及氮氧化物排放的優勢外，水煤漿的其它排放指標均能符合各國環境保護的規定，舉例來說：煙塵排放濃度小於中國大陸規定的200mg/m3，煙氣黑度為0-0.5級(中國大陸規定標準的煙氣黑度須低於1級)。但，惟水煤漿燃燒時會形成爐渣於鍋爐，使得鍋爐燃燒業者相當困擾。爐渣的形成除了造成燃燒效率低落外，亦可能造成鍋爐燃燒時受熱傳導不均勻而發生爆炸等意外，因此作業人員須經常清理鍋爐避免意外的發生，造成人員的困擾以及人力、金錢等資源無謂的浪費。 另一方面，爐渣的形成亦可能造成鍋爐的使用壽命降低，因此鍋爐業者須經常更換鍋爐，造成金錢無謂的損失。 In addition to the above advantages of reducing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions during combustion, other emission indicators of coal water slurry can meet the environmental protection regulations of various countries. For example, the concentration of soot emissions is less than 200mg/m 3 specified in mainland China. The blackness of the gas is 0-0.5 (the blackness of the standard specified in mainland China must be lower than 1). However, when the coal water slurry is burned, slag is formed in the boiler, which makes the boiler burning industry quite troublesome. In addition to causing low combustion efficiency, the formation of slag may also cause accidents such as explosion due to uneven heat conduction during combustion of the boiler. Therefore, operators must frequently clean the boiler to avoid accidents, causing troubles for personnel and human resources, money and other resources. waste. On the other hand, the formation of slag may also cause a decrease in the service life of the boiler, so the boiler manufacturer must change the boiler frequently, resulting in unnecessary loss of money.
根據研究指出，水煤漿燃燒時爐渣的形成主要成因在於：(1)燃燒時，水煤漿產生霧化效果不佳，造成燃燒不完全，導致水煤漿快速乾燥與焦化，而形成爐渣；(2)水煤漿的燃燒溫度高於灰熔融點，於達到燃燒溫度前多數水煤漿早已呈現熔融態黏附於鍋爐，而形成爐渣。根據研究更進一步地指出，前者之原因可透過改善水煤漿的煤材品質與燃燒霧化效果獲致改善；然，後者之原因則須透過提高水煤漿的灰熔融點，才能獲得改善。但是，對於鍋爐業者而言，尋找一種提高水煤漿之灰熔融點的方案確實為一大課題。 According to the research, the main causes of the formation of slag during coal-water slurry combustion are: (1) when the coal-water slurry is burned, the atomization effect is not good, resulting in incomplete combustion, resulting in rapid drying and coking of the coal-water slurry to form slag; (2) The combustion temperature of coal water slurry is higher than the ash melting point. Before reaching the combustion temperature, most of the coal water slurry has already appeared in a molten state and adhered to the boiler to form slag. According to the study, the reason for the former can be improved by improving the coal quality and combustion atomization effect of the coal water slurry; however, the latter reason must be improved by increasing the ash fusion point of the coal water slurry. However, for boiler manufacturers, finding a solution to increase the ash fusion point of coal water slurry is indeed a major issue.
是以，如何提高水煤漿的灰熔融點確實為本發明技術領域之人士急需解決的問題，亦為本發明所欲解決的問題。 Therefore, how to improve the ash fusion point of the coal water slurry is indeed an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art of the present invention, and is also a problem to be solved by the present invention.
本發明之一目的在於提供一種液態煤漿組合物，其具有高灰熔融點，得以降低燃燒時爐渣的形成。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid coal slurry composition having a high ash melting point to reduce the formation of slag during combustion.
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種液態煤漿組合物，其可取代習用的水煤漿、重油作為鍋爐燃燒的燃料。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid coal slurry composition which can replace conventional coal water slurry and heavy oil as fuel for boiler combustion.
為了實現上述此等或其他目的，本發明之液態煤漿組合物，係包括：(1)煤材；(2)液體，係用以溶解該煤材；(3)添加劑，係為含二氧化矽(SiO2)及三氧化二鋁(Al2O3)的材料；以及 (4)分散劑，係用以均勻地分散該煤材與該添加劑於該液體中。 In order to achieve the above or other objects, the liquid coal slurry composition of the present invention comprises: (1) a coal material; (2) a liquid for dissolving the coal material; and (3) an additive for containing dioxide. a material of cerium (SiO 2 ) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ); and (4) a dispersing agent for uniformly dispersing the coal material and the additive in the liquid.
藉由本發明，當該液態煤漿組合物燃燒時，該添加劑中的二氧化矽及三氧化二鋁會吸附該液態煤漿組合物受高溫揮發的鹼金屬物質(如：鈉離子、鉀離子)並發生化學反應，形成固態的鹼化合物；然，關於前述化學反應係如下列反應式表示說明：Al2O3+2SiO2+2KCl+H2O→2KAlSiO4+2HCl Al2O3+4SiO2+2KCl+H2O→2KAlSi2O6+2HCl。接著，利用吹灰即可去除前述固態的鹼化合物。藉此，可避免該受高溫揮發的鹼金屬物質與其他物質發生反應形成熔融態的鹼化合物，進而提供該液態煤漿組合物高灰熔融點，不致於達到燃燒溫度前呈現熔融態，黏附於鍋爐形成爐渣。 According to the present invention, when the liquid coal slurry composition is burned, the ceria and the aluminum oxide in the additive adsorb the alkali metal substances (such as sodium ions and potassium ions) which are volatilized at a high temperature in the liquid coal slurry composition. And a chemical reaction occurs to form a solid alkali compound; however, the above chemical reaction system is represented by the following reaction formula: Al 2 O 3 + 2SiO 2 + 2KCl + H 2 O → 2KAlSiO 4 + 2HCl Al 2 O 3 + 4SiO 2 +2KCl+H 2 O→2KAlSi 2 O 6 +2HCl. Next, the solid base compound described above can be removed by soot blowing. Thereby, the alkali metal substance which is volatilized by high temperature can be prevented from reacting with other substances to form a molten alkali compound, thereby providing a high ash melting point of the liquid coal slurry composition, which does not reach a burning state before the combustion temperature, and adheres to The boiler forms slag.
本發明之液態煤漿組合物係根據習用水煤漿之燃燒溫度高於其灰熔融點，使得習用水煤漿燃燒時易形成爐渣，而提出的改良。 The liquid coal slurry composition of the present invention is improved according to the combustion temperature of the conventional coal water slurry being higher than the ash melting point thereof, so that the slag is easily formed when the coal water slurry is burned.
是以，本發明之液態煤漿組合物，其包括：(1)煤材；(2)液體，係用以溶解該煤材；(3)添加劑，係為含二氧化矽及三氧化二鋁的材料；以及(4)分散劑，係用以均勻地分散該煤材與該添加劑於該液體中。 Therefore, the liquid coal slurry composition of the present invention comprises: (1) a coal material; (2) a liquid for dissolving the coal material; and (3) an additive containing cerium oxide and aluminum oxide. And (4) a dispersing agent for uniformly dispersing the coal material and the additive in the liquid.
根據本發明之概念，前述煤材係可購買自市面上，並可依實際需求研磨成具有適度網目(mesh)的煤粉。此外，據本發明技術領域之人士所知，該煤材係以生產國予以分類，可分為澳洲煤、大陸煤、美國煤以及印尼煤等。於一些實施例中，以該液態煤漿組合物之重量計，該煤材之重量百分 比為55-65%。 According to the concept of the present invention, the aforementioned coal material can be purchased from the market, and can be ground into pulverized coal having a moderate mesh according to actual needs. Further, as known to those skilled in the art of the present invention, the coal materials are classified into producing countries and can be classified into Australian coal, continental coal, American coal, and Indonesian coal. In some embodiments, the weight percent of the coal material is based on the weight of the liquid coal slurry composition. The ratio is 55-65%.
根據本發明之概念，該液體係可為水、含熱值之液體或此等之組合。此外，前述含熱值之液體係可取自於廢水；其中，該廢水係依據中華民國水汙染防治法第二條之定義，意指「事業於製造、操作、自然資源開發過程中或作業環境所產生含有污染物之水」，例如工業廢水、農業廢水，藉此達到資源再利用的目的。較佳地，前述熱值係為50-2000kcal/kg。於一些實施例中，以該液態煤漿組合物之重量計，該液體之重量百分比為32.8-42.8%。 According to the concept of the invention, the liquid system can be water, a liquid containing a calorific value or a combination of these. In addition, the above-mentioned liquid system containing calorific value may be taken from wastewater; wherein the wastewater is based on the definition of Article 2 of the Law of the Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention, which means “business in manufacturing, operation, natural resource development or working environment” The production of water containing pollutants, such as industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, thereby achieving the purpose of resource reuse. Preferably, the aforementioned calorific value is from 50 to 2000 kcal/kg. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the liquid is from 32.8 to 42.8% by weight of the liquid coal slurry composition.
根據本發明之概念，該添加劑係可選自於由雲母石、高嶺土、鋁礬土、迪開石、埃落石、珍珠石以及分子篩所組成之礦物群組；較佳地，該添加劑係為高嶺土。於一些實施例中，以該液態煤漿組合物之重量計，該添加劑之重量百分比為2-8%。 According to the concept of the present invention, the additive may be selected from the group consisting of mica, kaolin, bauxite, dickite, aragonite, pearlite and molecular sieve; preferably, the additive is kaolin . In some embodiments, the weight percent of the additive is from 2 to 8% by weight of the liquid coal slurry composition.
值得說明的是，一旦燃燒本發明之液態煤漿組合物，該煤材受高溫後會揮發出鹼金屬物質，該揮發的鹼金屬物質會被該添加劑中的二氧化矽及三氧化二鋁吸附而發生化學反應，形成固態的鹼化合物，致使該揮發的鹼金屬物質無法與其他物質發生反應形成熔融態的鹼化合物。因此，提供了本發明之液態煤漿組合物高灰熔融點，在達到燃燒溫度前不能呈現熔融態黏附於鍋爐形成爐渣。 It should be noted that once the liquid coal slurry composition of the present invention is burned, the coal material will evaporate the alkali metal substance after being subjected to high temperature, and the volatile alkali metal substance will be adsorbed by the ceria and the aluminum oxide in the additive. The chemical reaction occurs to form a solid alkali compound, so that the volatilized alkali metal substance cannot react with other substances to form a molten alkali compound. Accordingly, the high ash melting point of the liquid coal slurry composition of the present invention is provided, and it cannot exhibit a molten state to adhere to the boiler to form slag before reaching the combustion temperature.
根據本發明之概念，該分散劑係可為萘磺酸(Naphthalenesulfonic acid)系列之分散劑。於一些實施例中，以該液態煤漿組合物之重量計，該分散劑之重量百分比為0.2-0.8%。 According to the concept of the present invention, the dispersant may be a dispersant of the naphthalenesulfonic acid series. In some embodiments, the weight percent of the dispersant is from 0.2 to 0.8% by weight of the liquid coal slurry composition.
為了讓審查委員更容易地瞭解本發明之內容，特舉關於本發明之液態 煤漿組合物的實施例茲以說明。 In order to make it easier for the reviewing committee to understand the contents of the present invention, the liquid state of the present invention is specifically described. Examples of coal slurry compositions are illustrated.
本實施例之製造過程，係如下所述： The manufacturing process of this embodiment is as follows:
首先，取澳洲煤作為本實施例之煤材，並將該澳洲煤研磨成煤粉。接著，混合該煤粉以及型號為ZDFS-798的萘磺酸(Naphthalenesulfonic acid)系列之分散劑。然後，將該混合後的煤粉以及萘磺酸系列之分散劑置入一裝有水及工業廢水的攪拌球磨機均勻混合，該工業廢水之熱值約為170kcal/kg。最後，再添加高嶺土至均勻混合後的液體，便得到本實施例之液態煤漿組合物。其中，以本實施例之液態煤漿組合物的重量計，本實施例之煤粉、萘磺酸系列之分散劑、水、工業廢水、高嶺土的重量百分比分別為：57.2%、0.8%、16.5%、23.5%、2%。 First, Australian coal was taken as the coal material of the present example, and the Australian coal was ground into pulverized coal. Next, the pulverized coal and a dispersing agent of the Naphthalenesulfonic acid series of the type ZDFS-798 were mixed. Then, the mixed coal powder and the dispersant of the naphthalenesulfonic acid series are uniformly mixed in a stirring ball mill containing water and industrial wastewater, and the industrial waste water has a calorific value of about 170 kcal/kg. Finally, the kaolin was further added to the uniformly mixed liquid to obtain the liquid coal slurry composition of the present example. The weight percentages of the pulverized coal, the naphthalenesulfonic acid series dispersant, the water, the industrial wastewater, and the kaolin of the present embodiment are 57.2%, 0.8%, and 16.5, respectively, based on the weight of the liquid coal slurry composition of the present embodiment. %, 23.5%, 2%.
本實施例之製造過程與前述實施例1之製造過程相似，惟以本實施例之液態煤漿組合物的重量計，本實施例之煤粉、萘磺酸系列之分散劑、水、工業廢水、高嶺土的重量百分比分別為：57.2%、0.8%、16%、22%、4%。 The manufacturing process of the present embodiment is similar to the manufacturing process of the foregoing embodiment 1, except that the pulverized coal, the naphthalenesulfonic acid series dispersant, the water, the industrial wastewater of the present embodiment are based on the weight of the liquid coal slurry composition of the present embodiment. The weight percentages of kaolin are: 57.2%, 0.8%, 16%, 22%, 4%.
本實施例之製造過程與前述實施例1之製造過程相似，惟以本實施例之液態煤漿組合物的重量計，本實施例之煤粉、萘磺酸系列之分散劑、水、工業廢水、高嶺土的重量百分比分別為：60.2%、0.8%、13%、20%、6%。 The manufacturing process of the present embodiment is similar to the manufacturing process of the foregoing embodiment 1, except that the pulverized coal, the naphthalenesulfonic acid series dispersant, the water, the industrial wastewater of the present embodiment are based on the weight of the liquid coal slurry composition of the present embodiment. The weight percentages of kaolin are: 60.2%, 0.8%, 13%, 20%, 6%.
本比較例之製造過程與前述實施例1之製造過程相似，惟以本比較例 之液態煤漿組合物的重量計，本比較例之煤粉、萘磺酸系列之分散劑、水、工業廢水、高嶺土的重量百分比分別為：59.2%、0.8%、15%、25%、0%。 The manufacturing process of this comparative example is similar to the manufacturing process of the foregoing embodiment 1, except that this comparative example The weight percentages of the pulverized coal, naphthalenesulfonic acid series dispersant, water, industrial wastewater, and kaolin of the comparative example are 59.2%, 0.8%, 15%, 25%, and 0, respectively, based on the weight of the liquid coal slurry composition. %.
為瞭解上述該等實施例及比較例之液態煤漿組合物的灰熔融點，利用測定灰熔融測定儀(智能灰熔融性測試儀，型號：5E-AFIII)進行測量，亦即可測得上述該等實施例及比較例之液態煤漿組合物的變形溫度、軟化溫度、半球溫度、流動溫度。值得說明的是，根據歐洲的規定，軟化溫度為判斷灰熔融點的依據；根據中國大陸的規定，半球溫度為判斷灰熔融點的依據。因此，根據表1所示，上述該等實施例的液態煤漿組合物具有高於比較例之液態煤漿組合物的灰熔融點。 In order to understand the ash fusion point of the liquid coal slurry composition of the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples, the measurement can be carried out by measuring the ash fusion meter (Intelligent ash fusion tester, model: 5E-AFIII). The deformation temperature, softening temperature, hemispherical temperature, and flow temperature of the liquid coal slurry compositions of the examples and comparative examples. It is worth noting that, according to European regulations, the softening temperature is the basis for judging the ash melting point; according to the regulations of the Chinese mainland, the hemisphere temperature is the basis for judging the ash melting point. Therefore, according to Table 1, the liquid coal slurry compositions of the above embodiments have higher ash melting points than the liquid coal slurry compositions of the comparative examples.
顯然地，依照上面實施例中的描述，本發明可能有許多的修正與差異。因此需要在其附加的權利要求項之範圍內加以理解，除了上述詳細的描述外，本發明還可以廣泛地在其他的實施例中施行。上述僅為本發明之較佳實施例，並非用以限定本發明之申請專利範圍；凡其它未脫離本發明所揭示之精神下所完成的等效改變或修飾，均應包含在下述申請專利範圍內。 Obviously, many modifications and differences may be made to the invention in light of the above description. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; any equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the invention should be included in the following claims. Inside.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4432771A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1984-02-21 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Combustible coal/water mixtures for fuels and methods of preparing the same |
| JPS638487A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-01-14 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Carbonaceous solid-water slurry composition |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4432771A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1984-02-21 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Combustible coal/water mixtures for fuels and methods of preparing the same |
| JPS638487A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-01-14 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Carbonaceous solid-water slurry composition |
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| TW201317333A (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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