TWI421485B - System and method for measuring precipitation characteristics of suspended solids in liquid - Google Patents

Description

System and method for measuring precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in liquid

The present invention relates to a system and method for measuring water quality, and more particularly to a system and method for measuring the precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in a liquid.

Suspended solids are solid small colloidal particles in water that often carry contaminants or pathogens on their surfaces. Therefore, the suspended particles are the main removal targets in the sewage treatment process, and the distribution of the suspended particles themselves and their various particle sizes is an important parameter reflecting the good quality of the water.

The effectiveness of sewage treatment depends mainly on the degree of removal of suspended particles, and the changes in the inflow and outflow of water in each treatment unit will affect its treatment efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately control the water quality information of the inflow and outflow of each processing unit to adjust the strategy of operating the water flow. In different treatment procedures, the properties of suspended particles will be different. By analyzing the precipitation changes of suspended particles, the water quality changes of biological reaction tanks, chemical coagulation tanks and sedimentation tanks can be controlled to adjust the different treatment units. The operation strategy is to obtain good outflow water quality, and it can save unnecessary cost and improve the efficiency of sewage treatment.

At present, the method of evaluating the precipitation of suspended particles in sewage is mostly judged by sedimentation test and sludge volume index (SVI). The sedimentation test is a sedimentation test bottle using a measuring cylinder or a layered water sample. The mud volume index mainly uses the Imhoff cone to observe the sludge sedimentation to obtain the sludge volume index to understand the sludge deposition or sedimentation in the water sample. However, when performing the sedimentation test, it is necessary to take out the water sample in the whole sedimentation process and place it in the measuring container, thus affecting the sedimentation characteristics of the suspended particles, so that the measurement results are different from the actual conditions. Furthermore, since the water sample has to pass a period of time (for example, 30 minutes), the measurement result can be obtained, and the change of the water quality cannot be immediately known, and the precipitation information reflected by the result is very limited.

Another MLSS sensor or sludge interface meter can measure the concentration of suspended particles at various depths in real time, and convert the concentration of suspended particles with time to the flux of particle movement to evaluate each The sedimentation velocity of the deeply suspended particles to understand their precipitation behavior. However, such sensing devices can only perform a single point measurement on a particular depth at a time. If you want to know the overall information on suspended sediment precipitation at the same time, you must set up multiple sets of sensing devices at different depths in the water at the same time, which will result in high installation and maintenance costs, and will also affect the precipitation properties of suspended particles in water.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the inventors in view of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, it is difficult to measure the sedimentation properties of suspended particles at various depths in the water, the characteristics of suspended particles are affected during the measurement process, and the problem of insufficient precipitation information is carefully tested and studied. And with a spirit of perseverance, I finally conceived the "system and method for measuring the precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in liquids" to overcome the above problems. The following is a brief description of the case.

In view of the problems of the prior art, the inventors have, after repeated considerations, proposed a system and method for measuring the precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in a liquid according to the present invention. The invention mainly uses image sensing method to measure the change of the light transmission intensity of the liquid to evaluate the precipitation characteristics of the suspended particles in the liquid. By the invention, the suspended particles of the water sample can be monitored in real time without affecting the sedimentation characteristics of the suspended particles and the manpower and cost can be effectively controlled, and more detailed information is obtained, including the suspended particle concentration and the suspended particles of each depth with time. The distribution of changes and its precipitation rate, average precipitation rate, and the like. In addition, the present invention can be further developed into an automatic control measurement system and method, which can obtain more detailed information on the precipitation characteristics of suspended particles than the prior art.

A first concept of the present invention is to provide a liquid suspension particle precipitation characteristic measuring system. The liquid suspension particle precipitation characteristic measuring system comprises a light emitting unit, a first image sensing unit and a liquid receiving unit. The illumination unit is configured to provide a light. The liquid accommodating unit is configured to accommodate a liquid to be tested. The liquid accommodating unit is disposed between the illuminating unit and the first image sensing unit, and has a first transparent wall relative to the illuminating unit and a second transparent portion relative to the first image sensing unit The light wall, the intensity change of the light passing through the liquid to be tested can be sensed by the image sensing unit, and an image data is obtained to be converted into the suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, the system further comprises a second image sensing unit. The liquid accommodating unit further has a third light transmissive wall, the third light transmissive wall is connected to the first light transmissive wall and the second light transmissive wall, and opposite to the second image sensing unit, The change in intensity of the light scattered by the liquid to be tested can be sensed by the second image sensing unit to obtain another image data for conversion into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, the light emitting unit comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes.

Preferably, the light emitting unit is a surface light source.

Preferably, the light emitting unit comprises a box, a plurality of light emitting diodes and at least one diffusion film. The box has a plurality of inner walls, and the inner walls are all reflective surfaces. The light emitting diodes are disposed on at least one of the inner walls to provide the light. The at least one diffusion film is disposed on the casing such that the light can penetrate the at least one diffusion film to be relatively uniformly emitted to the liquid accommodating unit.

Preferably, the light is infrared light.

Preferably, the first and second image sensing units are web cameras.

Preferably, the image sensing unit comprises a matrix image sensing element.

Preferably, the matrix image sensing element is a charge coupled element or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor element.

Preferably, in the liquid accommodating unit, the light transmissive walls are made of glass or quartz.

Preferably, in the liquid accommodating unit, the inner walls other than the transparent walls are non-transmissive walls.

Preferably, the non-transmissive walls are made of black acrylic.

Preferably, the liquid receiving unit comprises a first groove area, a second groove area and an empty groove area. The first trough is for accommodating a liquid to be tested; the second trough is for accommodating a reference liquid, and is located at one side of the first trough; the empty trough is located at the first trough The other side. The second slot area and the empty slot area are used to assist in correcting and correcting the image data.

A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a liquid suspension particle precipitation characteristic measuring system. The liquid suspension particle precipitation characteristic measuring system comprises a light emitting unit, a first image sensing unit, a liquid receiving unit and an analyzing unit. The illumination unit is configured to provide a light. The liquid accommodating unit is configured to accommodate a liquid to be tested. The liquid accommodating unit is disposed between the illuminating unit and the first image sensing unit, and has a first transparent wall relative to the illuminating unit and a second transparent portion relative to the first image sensing unit Light wall. Thereby, the intensity change of the light penetrating the liquid to be tested can be sensed by the first image sensing unit to obtain an image data. The analyzing unit is connected to the first image sensing unit for analyzing the image data to be converted into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, the system further comprises a second image sensing unit connected to the analyzing unit. The liquid accommodating unit further has a third light transmissive wall, the third light transmissive wall is connected to the first light transmissive wall and the second light transmissive wall, and opposite to the second image sensing unit, The change in intensity of the light scattered by the liquid to be tested can be sensed by the second image sensing unit to obtain another image data to be converted into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested by the analyzing unit.

Preferably, the analyzing unit is configured to convert the image data into gray scale value data.

Preferably, the analyzing unit is further configured to convert the gray scale value data into absorbance data of the liquid to be tested to evaluate the suspended particle concentration data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, the image sensing unit comprises a matrix image sensing component, and the image data obtained by the image sensing units is a matrix image data. The analyzing unit is configured to convert the matrix image data into matrix gray scale value data, and convert the gray scale value change of each position in the matrix gray scale value data into suspended particles of each depth in the liquid to be tested. Distribution of information.

A third aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of measuring the precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in a liquid. The method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a relationship between a change in the intensity of the light penetrating liquid and a concentration of suspended particles in the liquid; and (b) sensing a change in intensity of a light penetrating the liquid to be tested to obtain an image data. And (c) using the relationship to convert the image data into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in the step (b), the liquid to be tested is penetrated by infrared light.

Preferably, in the step (b), the light is supplied by a light source to uniformly penetrate the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in step (c), the image data is first converted into gray scale value data related to the intensity change, and the gray scale value data is converted into the relationship by using a relationship established based on the relationship Information on suspended particles in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in the step (c), the gray scale value data is converted into the suspended particle concentration data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in step (b), a matrix image data is obtained. In the step (c), the gray scale value change of each position in the gray scale value data is converted into the suspended particle distribution data of each depth in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in the step (c), the gray scale value data of the liquid portion to be tested is divided into a plurality of slice layers from the liquid surface to the bottom portion, and the gray layers of each layer are accumulated layer by layer from the top slice layer. The sum of the order values is obtained by dividing the sum of the accumulated gray scale values by the sum of the gray scale values of all the slice layers of the gray scale value data, and obtaining the suspended particle distribution data of the accumulated distribution groups of the respective depths.

Preferably, in the step (b), the image data of the liquid to be tested changes over time in a set period. In step (c), distribution data of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups over time are obtained.

Preferably, in step (c), the distribution data of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups over time is used to calculate the precipitation speed of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups.

Preferably, the precipitation rates are utilized to calculate an average precipitation rate of suspended particles in the liquid to be tested.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of measuring the precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in a liquid. The method comprises the steps of: (a) providing a relationship between a change in intensity of light scattered from the liquid and a concentration of suspended particles in the liquid; (b) sensing a change in intensity of a light scattered from a liquid to be measured to obtain an image data And (c) using the relationship to convert the image data into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in step (b), visible light is scattered from the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in step (b), the light is supplied by a light source to allow the light to uniformly enter the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in step (c), the image data is first converted into gray scale value data related to the intensity change, and the gray scale value data is converted into the relationship by using a relationship established based on the relationship Information on suspended particles in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in the step (c), the gray scale value data is converted into the suspended particle concentration data in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in step (b), a matrix image data is obtained. In the step (c), the gray scale value change of each position in the gray scale value data is converted into the suspended particle distribution data of each depth in the liquid to be tested.

Preferably, in the step (c), the gray scale value data of the liquid portion to be tested is divided into a plurality of slice layers from the liquid surface to the bottom portion, and the gray layers of each layer are accumulated layer by layer from the top slice layer. The sum of the order values is obtained by dividing the sum of the accumulated gray scale values by the sum of the gray scale values of all the slice layers of the gray scale value data, and obtaining the suspended particle distribution data of the accumulated distribution groups of the respective depths.

Preferably, in the step (b), the image data of the liquid to be tested changes over time in a set period. In step (c), distribution data of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups over time are obtained.

Preferably, in step (c), the distribution data of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups over time is used to calculate the precipitation speed of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups.

Preferably, the precipitation rates are utilized to calculate an average precipitation rate of suspended particles in the liquid to be tested.

The present invention will be fully understood by the following examples, so that those skilled in the art can do so. However, the implementation of the present invention may not be limited by the following embodiments.

As used herein, the term "suspended particles" means suspended particles present in a liquid, such as a water sample of sewage, typically in the form of solid small colloidal particles.

As used herein, the term "suspension particle precipitation characteristics" means the characteristics exhibited by suspended particles during precipitation, which include, but are not limited to, the concentration of suspended particles, the composition and distribution of suspended particles of each precipitation rate group, and each group. The precipitation rate and the overall average precipitation rate.

Since the suspended particles in the liquid itself have light absorbing properties, the present invention mainly utilizes the Beer-Lambert law to estimate the concentration and precipitation of suspended particles in the liquid by the principle that the liquid absorbance is proportional to the concentration of suspended particles in the liquid. Distribution characteristics.

A=abc

A: Measurement of absorption spectrum intensity (absorbance)

a: Absorbance coefficient

b: optical path length

c: substance concentration in water

In order to obtain the suspended particles data of the whole liquid and the depth of the liquid to be tested in real time, the invention mainly utilizes the light to penetrate the liquid to be tested, and uses the image sensing method to obtain the image data of the light transmission intensity of the liquid to be tested with time, and from the liquid The variation of the gray scale value related to the transmittance/absorbance, and the change of the concentration of suspended particles and the precipitation characteristics at various depths in the liquid to be tested are derived.

Furthermore, since the suspended particles in the liquid also have scattering characteristics, the present invention can further utilize the relationship between the intensity of the scattered light and the concentration of suspended particles in the liquid to estimate the concentration of the suspended particles in the liquid and the distribution characteristics of the precipitate.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a liquid suspension particle precipitation characteristic measuring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The measuring system of the invention comprises a lighting unit 1, a liquid receiving unit 3 and an image sensing unit 2a. The liquid accommodating unit 3 is disposed between the light emitting unit 1 and the image sensing unit 2a as shown in FIG. 1(b). Therefore, a light provided by the light-emitting unit 1 can penetrate the liquid receiving unit 3 and be sensed by the image sensing unit 2a.

In order to measure the water to be tested, such as the water quality of the water sample from the sewage plant sedimentation tank, the concentration of suspended particles and the distribution of the precipitate in the liquid to be tested can be evaluated. The liquid to be tested is placed in the liquid accommodating unit 3, and the image sensing unit 2a is used to sense the change in the intensity of the light passing through the liquid to be tested, thereby obtaining an image data.

In addition, the measuring system of the present invention may further comprise an image sensing unit 2b. The image sensing unit 2b can be used to sense the intensity variation of the light scattered from the liquid to be tested to obtain another image data.

In order to facilitate the analysis of the sensing result, the system may further be configured with an analyzing unit 4 connected to the image sensing unit 2a or 2b for analyzing the image data, which may be converted into the according to the Beer-Lambert law. Information on suspended particles in the liquid to be tested, such as concentration and other precipitation characteristics.

In order to fully implement the present invention, the system and method for measuring suspended particles in a liquid according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention are further described as follows:

System configuration of the present invention (1) Lighting unit:

Due to factors such as ambient light source, suspended particle color and water color, the transmittance/absorbance of visible light is affected. Therefore, in order to measure the transmitted light of the liquid to be tested, the light emitting unit can provide infrared light, wherein infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm is preferred. In addition, the light emitting unit can also provide visible light to measure the scattered light of the liquid to be tested.

Due to the measurement, the light needs to uniformly penetrate the entire liquid accommodating unit 3 with a uniform illuminating intensity, so as to avoid the light from penetrating different positions of the liquid with different strengths and having a great error. Referring to FIG. 2, in order to achieve a good light-emitting effect, a plurality of light-emitting diodes 13 may be used, for example, a light-emitting diode of infrared light is used as a light source, and is disposed on the light-emitting unit 1 to provide sufficient light source intensity. In order to provide a more uniform light intensity, a surface light source can be used as the light-emitting unit.

The light emitting unit 1 can have a case 11b, a plurality of light emitting diodes 13, and a diffusion film 14. The casing 11b has a plurality of inner walls 12, each of which is a reflecting surface, wherein a mirror surface is preferred. The light emitting diodes 13 can be disposed on at least one of the inner walls 12, and the light can be reflected through the reflective surface. In addition, the diffusion film 14 may be disposed on the surface of the casing 11b corresponding to the inner wall 12 of the light-emitting diode, so that the light penetrates the diffusion film 14 and is relatively uniformly emitted to the liquid accommodation unit 3. Preferably, the light-emitting unit 1 can be provided with two diffusion films 14 and 15, that is, another housing 11a and the diffusion film 15 can be disposed before the housing 11b, so that the light penetrates the diffusion film respectively. When 14 and 15 are emitted to the liquid accommodating unit 3, the illuminating intensity of the illuminating unit 1 is more uniform.

(2) Liquid receiving unit:

Referring to FIG. 1 again, the liquid accommodating unit 3 may be in the shape of a column groove for containing the liquid to be tested. The liquid accommodating unit 3 has a first light transmitting wall 31a opposite to the light emitting unit 1 and a second light transmitting wall 31b opposite to the image sensing unit 2a, so that the light can enter the liquid to be tested and then The image sensing unit 2a performs sensing.

Preferably, the liquid accommodating unit 3 further has a third light transmissive wall 31c connected to the first light transmissive wall 31a and the second light transmissive wall 31b, and is opposite to the image. The sensing unit 2b, the intensity variation of the light scattered by the liquid to be tested can be sensed by the image sensing unit 2b, and another image data is obtained to be converted into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested.

The material of the light-transmitting walls 31a, 31b, and 31c is preferably glass or quartz. In order to avoid other sources of light interference, the inner walls other than the transparent walls 31a, 31b, and 31c are non-transmissive walls 32, and are made of a material that is opaque and non-reflective, and the material is preferably black. force. In detail, the transparent light passing through the surface of the liquid accommodating unit 3 is the light transmitting walls 31a and 31b, that is, the front and rear surfaces of the liquid accommodating unit 3 are the light transmitting walls 31a and 31b. The side surface of the liquid accommodating unit 3 may be the light transmissive wall 31c through which the scattered light passes and the non-transmissive wall 32.

As described above, the liquid accommodating unit 3 can be designed as three light transmissive surfaces, respectively, with respect to the light emitting unit 1 with respect to the image sensing unit 2a and the two light transmitting surfaces. 2b.

For example, but not limited to, the internal space of the liquid accommodating unit is 5 cm in length.

The liquid accommodating unit 3 can be designed as three groove regions, which are respectively a first groove region, a second groove region and an empty groove region, and each groove region can be (but is not limited to) a square or rectangular column, A consistent optical path length. The first trough is for accommodating the liquid to be tested for measuring suspended particles related data in the liquid to be tested; the second trough is for accommodating a reference liquid, such as pure water; No liquid is filled. Therefore, the second trough area and the empty trough area can be used to respectively correct the clear water and air interference during the measurement of the transmitted light to correct and correct the image data. The troughs may abut each other and the light will uniformly penetrate the trough areas with the same intensity.

For example, but not limited to, in the three groove regions of the liquid accommodating unit 3, each groove region may be 80 cm high, and the front and rear light transmitting walls 31a, 31b are made of transparent glass, and each thickness is 0.3 cm. The internal space is individually 5 cm in length and 3 cm in width.

(3) Image sensing unit

The image sensing unit 2a or 2b needs to sense the light penetration or scattering intensity of the whole liquid receiving unit 3, and fully capture the light penetration or scattering change caused by the suspended particles in the liquid to be tested. A high degree of image resolution is usually required. Preferably, the image sensing unit 2a or 2b comprises a matrix image sensing element, preferably comprising a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide device (complementary metal-oxide). Semiconductor, referred to as CMOS).

In order to save the cost of the system configuration, a webcam (Webcam) can be used to continuously capture multiple images for a set time to dynamically display the change of suspended particles in the liquid to be tested. Preferably, in order to achieve sufficient resolution, two network cameras can be disposed above and below, and the upper 2/3 and lower 2/3 portions of the liquid receiving unit 3 are respectively sensed.

(4) Analysis unit

The analysis unit 4 is mainly used to perform an analysis operation function to analyze the image data. In order to maintain the normal operation of the measuring system of the present invention, and to temporarily store the image data obtained during the measurement process, and to perform image data analysis after the measurement is completed, a personal computer can be used as the analysis unit 4, High stability and sufficient analysis rate and storage space.

Process and results of measuring suspended particles in liquid

Figures 3 to 9 are diagrams showing the flow of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and related data, mainly taking the measurement of suspended particles in the liquid by penetrating light. However, the present invention can also be measured using scattered light in a similar operating principle or flow, and the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a flow chart of the operation of the measurement system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In step S101, when the measurement is started, the batch measurement time is set, for example, 30 minutes, and the light-emitting unit 1 is turned on to provide light, wherein the light may be, for example, infrared light, and the image sensing unit 2a is turned on for performing. Measurement action.

Step S102: Injecting the liquid to be tested into the liquid accommodating unit 3, and using a pump or other means, it is possible to avoid affecting the nature of the liquid to be tested due to excessive shaking or stirring.

Step S103: Stop injecting the liquid to be tested.

Step S104: Start acquiring the image data and performing analysis, and the image sensing unit 2a is used to obtain the image data.

Step S105: The set batch experiment time is reached.

Step S106: discharging the liquid to be tested and washing the liquid accommodating unit 3 with clean water.

Step S107: It is confirmed whether the liquid accommodating unit 3 is thoroughly cleaned.

Step S108: End the measurement.

It is to be noted that, after the step S107 is completed, if the cleaning is performed, the step S108 is performed to end the measurement; if it has not been cleaned, the previous step S106 is continued to discharge the liquid and clean the liquid receiving unit to ensure the next experiment. The accuracy.

1. Measurement of suspended particle concentration in liquid

When performing the analysis, the image data is first converted into gray scale value data by using the analyzing unit 4, and the gray scale value change reflects the intensity variation of the light passing through the liquid to be tested or scattered from the liquid to be tested. When the transmitted or scattered light is stronger, the grayscale value is higher; otherwise, the grayscale value is lower. Therefore, the gray scale value data can be used to estimate the transmittance of the liquid to be tested, and further calculate the absorbance, and then convert it into the suspended particle concentration data in the liquid to be tested according to the Beer-Lambert law.

Therefore, in order to measure the suspended particles in the liquid, it is possible to provide a relationship between the change in the intensity of the light penetrating the liquid and one of the suspended particles in the liquid, such as the Beer-Lambert law, and then the intensity change after the light penetrates the liquid to be tested, To obtain image data, and then use the relationship to convert the image data into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested. Preferably, the relationship between the gray scale value and the suspended particle concentration is established by the repeated test and correction of the device of the present invention, and the gray scale value data is converted into the suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested. .

Please refer to Fig. 4, which is a graph showing the relationship between the absorbance and the optical path distance of different suspended particle concentrations using the system of the present invention. According to different optical path distances (from 0.3 to 1.8 cm), the R ² values of the regression lines of particle concentrations of 69 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 99 mg/L were 0.9807, 0.9957 and 0.9945, respectively. This result is in accordance with the Beer-Lambert law, and the absorbance of different suspended particle concentrations increases as the distance of the optical path increases. Furthermore, the higher the particle concentration, the higher the absorbance, which can be used as a basis for quantification of the particle concentration.

2. Measurement of other precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in liquid

After further testing, it was found that in addition to measuring the above suspended particle concentration, the above-mentioned measurement system and method can also observe various precipitation information of different kinds of suspended particles in the water sample, and can monitor various types such as various types with time. Information on the composition, distribution and precipitation rate of the particles.

Figures 5 through 9 are primarily diagrams showing the flow or results of measuring the precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in a liquid in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment mainly uses a system configured with the above-described light-emitting unit 1, liquid-receiving unit 3, and image sensing unit 2a to measure the precipitation information of suspended particles in the liquid.

By using the image sensing unit 2a, especially by using a matrix image sensing component, such as a network camera, to obtain a matrix image data, the state of the suspended particle distribution can be instantly understood from the matrix image change. . Therefore, the gray scale quality change of each position in the gray scale value data can be converted into the suspended particle distribution data of each depth in the liquid to be tested.

Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a flowchart of image data analysis according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Step S201: When the analysis is started, a network camera can be used, for example, using a resolution of 1600 × 1200 pixels, so that the 1600 pixel width portion corresponds to the height portion of the liquid accommodation unit 3.

Step S202: shooting at a frequency of three sheets per second, dynamically sensing a change in suspended particles of the liquid to be tested. As described above, the upper and lower two network cameras can be set to have a good resolution of the image capturing area, and the overlapping portions of the upper and lower sensing areas can also be used to compare the data with each other.

Step S203: Set the slice width from the acquired image data so as to correspond to the tube width in the image.

Step S204: Dividing each image into a plurality of slice layers at a fixed height. With 10 pixels as the height of each slice layer, each image data can be divided into 160 slice layers.

Step S205: Analyze the grayscale value of each pixel in each slice layer in each image.

Step S206: Correct the extreme values in each slice layer.

Step S207: Adding the corrected grayscale values of all the pixels of each slice layer.

Step S208: storing the total gray scale value of each slice layer in each image, and each image has 160 data materials.

Step S209: After the above steps, the preliminary image analysis process is ended.

Please refer to Fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the different precipitation velocity distribution and composition of various suspended particles. Taking Figure 6 as an example, in order to analyze the composition and distribution of different precipitation velocity groups in the liquid to be tested, it is assumed that the liquid portion to be tested is divided into 160 slice layers L1 to L160 from the top layer to the bottom layer, and each slice layer is Do not have a suspension particle group with different precipitation speeds.

At the initial time point (t=0) at which the measurements are made, the slice layers L1 to L160 respectively have a suspended particle content of G ₁ to G ₁₆₀ , then G ₁ + G ₂ + G ₃ + ... + G ₁₆₀ = G _t is the total suspended particulate content at the initial stage. These groups of suspended particles will precipitate downwards with time, thus affecting the particle content of each slice. It is assumed that at time t ₁ (t=t ₁ ), the slice layers L1 to L160 have a suspended particle content of G ₁ ^t1 to G ₁₆₀ ^t1 , respectively. Thus, for the suspension point of time t ₁ calculated change in particle size distribution, G ₁ ^t1 / G _t of the slice layer L1 of the particles the proportion of particles in the whole liquid sample instant t ^{_{1, (G 1 t1 + G 2}} t1) / G _t is the ratio of the particles accumulated in the slice layer L1 to L2 to the total particles of the liquid to be tested at the moment t ₁ , and so on to the slice layers of other different depths. It is assumed that at the time point t ₂ (t=t ₂ ), it is estimated that the particle accumulated in the slice layer L1 to L2 accounts for 15% of the total particle of the liquid to be tested at t ₂ , and it is found that 15% of the suspended particle group is present. The slice layer L1 is distributed downward to L2, and it can be estimated that 85% of the suspended particle group is distributed to other slice layers (i.e., from L3 to L160). Among them, the sedimentation speed of 15% of the suspended particle group is low relative to the precipitation rate of the 85% of the suspended particle group. By adopting the technical principle, the change of the suspended particle content of each depth in the liquid to be tested can be grasped during the precipitation process to establish the composition distribution of the composition with time.

In order to specifically analyze the change of the suspended particles at each depth in the liquid to be tested, the gray scale value data of the liquid portion to be tested may be divided into a plurality of slice layers from the liquid surface to the bottom portion, and layer by layer from the top slice layer. Accumulating the sum of the gray scale values of the layers, dividing the sum of the accumulated gray scale values by the sum of the gray scale values of all the slice layers of the gray scale value data, and obtaining the suspended particle distribution data of the accumulated distribution groups of the respective depths, that is, The composition and distribution of different precipitation velocity groups can be evaluated.

In order to understand the precipitation characteristics of the suspended particles in the liquid to be tested over time, as described above, the image of the liquid to be tested may be captured over time in a set period of time, for example, 30 minutes, periodically (for example, three times per second). Data to obtain distribution data of suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups over time.

Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a flow chart for calculating the distribution of suspended particles of each depth accumulation distribution group by accommodating the liquid to be tested in the liquid accommodating unit 3 (for example, a measuring tube column).

Step S301: Start measurement.

Step S302: Calculate the sum of the respective grayscale values of all the slice layers in the first image data.

Step S303: Accumulating the sum of gray scale values of each layer layer by layer from the top slice layer.

Step S304: Dividing the accumulated grayscale values of different depths by the sum of the grayscale values of the first image data.

Step S305: Calculate the cumulative gray scale value of each slice layer in each image data that is periodically captured, as a percentage of the overall column.

Step S306: According to the above analysis result, according to the distribution ratio of the suspended particles of the different accumulated distribution groups, the distribution depth of the suspended particles with time, the cumulative distribution of the suspended particles of different precipitation velocity groups is plotted.

Step S307: End the measurement.

Taking Fig. 8 as an example, it is a graph showing the variation of the distribution depth of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups of the outlet water of the actual aeration tank over time, which is sampled from the outflow water of the aeration tank as the liquid to be tested. This embodiment uses a liquid accommodating unit 3 of 80 cm high and 3 cm optical path to hold the liquid to be tested. The horizontal axis represents the time change (in units of time) from the start of the measurement to the end measurement, and the vertical axis represents the distribution depth (in centimeters) of the suspended particles from the liquid surface to the bottom of the different precipitation velocity groups. Each curve represents suspended particles (represented as a percentage) of each depth cumulative distribution ratio (corresponding to various precipitation velocity groups), and in the graph, the bottom to the top respectively indicate that the liquid to be tested is accumulated from the liquid surface and accounts for 1, 3, 5, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, (and so on) of the liquid to be tested as a whole, and 95% of the suspended particle group. Therefore, from the results of Fig. 8, the concentration of suspended particles at various depths in the liquid to be tested and the composition and distribution of suspended particles of different precipitation velocity groups can be immediately estimated at various time points.

For example, immediately after injecting the liquid to be tested, the whole liquid to be tested (the range from the liquid surface to the bottom) is measured. After 8 minutes, the 20% curve falls at a depth of about 6 cm. . This means that after 8 minutes of the suspension of the suspended particles in the liquid, the mass of suspended particles distributed in the depth of 6 cm from the liquid surface is calculated, accounting for 20% of the mass of the total suspended particles in the liquid to be tested. In other words, from a depth of 6 cm to the bottom of the liquid, the mass of suspended particles distributed is 80% of the mass of the total suspended particles.

From the distribution data of the suspended particles of the above-mentioned cumulative distribution group with time, the relationship between the depth of the suspended particles of each group and the time can be used to calculate the sedimentation speed of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups.

Please refer to Figure 9 for a flow chart for calculating the average precipitation rate of suspended particles in the liquid to be tested.

Step S401: Start calculation.

Step S402: A curve of the cumulative distribution of suspended particles of different precipitation velocity groups with time can be established.

Step S403: Calculating the precipitation speed of various suspended particles.

Step S404: establishing a situation in which the precipitation speed of various suspended particles changes with time.

Step S405: The average precipitation speed of the suspended particles in the liquid to be tested can be further calculated.

Step S406: End this calculation process.

Therefore, the system and method for measuring suspended particles in a liquid using the present invention has at least the following advantages over the prior art:

1. More readily available information on suspended particles, such as the concentration of suspended particles at each location, the composition and distribution of suspended particles in each set of precipitation rates, the sedimentation rate of each group, and the overall average precipitation rate.

2. It can get more accurate measurement results when it is closest to the original water sample quality, so it is very suitable for evaluating the outflow water of sewage treatment.

3. It can be effectively developed into a system and method for automatically monitoring water quality by using analytical equipment, improving the convenience of measurement, and saving manpower and equipment costs.

According to the above conclusion, the present invention is an industrially practical, novel and progressive invention, and has profound development value. However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. That is to say, the equivalent changes and modifications made by the applicant in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention. I would like to ask your review committee to give a clear explanation and pray for it.

100. . . System for measuring suspended particles in liquid according to an embodiment of the invention

1. . . Light unit

11a, 11b. . . Box

12. . . Inner wall

13. . . Light-emitting diode

14,15. . . Diffusion film

2a, 2b. . . Image sensing unit

3. . . Liquid holding unit

31a, 31b, 31c. . . Translucent wall

32. . . Non-transparent wall

4. . . Analysis unit

L1, L2, L3...L160. . . Slice layer

G ₁ , G ₂ , G ₃ ... G ₁₆₀ . . . The suspended layer content of the slice layer at the initial stage

. . . The suspended particle content of the slice layer at time t ₁

Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the configuration of a measurement system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a light-emitting unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the measurement system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4: A plot of absorbance versus optical path distance for different suspended particle concentrations.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the analysis of image data according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6: Schematic diagram of different precipitation velocity distribution and composition calculation of various suspended particles.

Figure 7: Flow chart for calculation of suspended particle distribution of accumulated accumulation groups at various depths in the liquid to be tested.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the variation of the distribution depth of suspended particles with time in the accumulated distribution groups of the outflow water of the actual aeration tank.

Figure 9: Flow chart for calculation of the average precipitation rate of suspended particles in the liquid to be tested.

100. . . Liquid suspended particle precipitation characteristic measurement system

1. . . Light unit

2a, 2b. . . Image sensing unit

3. . . Liquid holding unit

31a, 31b, 31c. . . Translucent wall

32. . . Non-transparent wall

4. . . Analysis unit

Claims (27)

A liquid suspension particle precipitation characteristic measuring system, comprising: a light emitting unit for providing a light, and the light emitting unit is a surface light source; a first image sensing unit; a liquid receiving unit, The liquid accommodating unit is disposed between the light emitting unit and the first image sensing unit, and has a first light transmissing wall relative to the light emitting unit and opposite to the first a second light transmissive wall of the image sensing unit, wherein the intensity change of the light penetrating the liquid to be tested is sensed by the first image sensing unit, and an image data is obtained to be converted into the liquid to be tested. And a second image sensing unit; wherein the liquid receiving unit further has a third light transmissive wall, the third light transmissive wall is connected to the first light transmissive wall and the second light transmissive a wall, and relative to the second image sensing unit, the intensity variation of the light scattered by the liquid to be tested can be sensed by the second image sensing unit to obtain another image data to be converted into the Measuring suspended particles in liquid Grain related information. The system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting unit comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes. The system of claim 1, wherein the light-emitting unit comprises: a box having a plurality of inner walls, each of the inner walls being a reflective surface; and a plurality of light-emitting diodes disposed on at least one of the inner walls to provide the Light; and At least one diffusion film is disposed on the casing to allow the light to pass through the at least one diffusion film to be relatively uniformly emitted to the liquid receiving unit. The system of claim 1, wherein the light is infrared light. The system of claim 1, wherein the image sensing unit is a webcam. The system of claim 1, wherein the image sensing unit comprises a matrix image sensing element. The system of claim 6, wherein the matrix image sensing element is a charge coupled element or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor element. The system of claim 1, wherein in the liquid receiving unit, the transparent walls are made of glass or quartz. The system of claim 1, wherein in the liquid accommodating unit, the inner walls other than the light transmissive walls are non-transmissive walls. The system of claim 9, wherein the non-transmissive wall is made of black acrylic. The system of claim 1, wherein the liquid receiving unit comprises: a first trough area for accommodating a liquid to be tested; and a second trough area for accommodating a reference liquid, located in the first trough One side of the area; and an empty slot area on the other side of the first slot area; wherein the second slot area and the empty slot area are used to assist in correcting and correcting the image data. A liquid suspended particle precipitation characteristic measuring system, comprising: a light emitting unit for providing a light, and the light emitting unit is one side a light source; a first image sensing unit; a liquid accommodating unit for accommodating a liquid to be tested, wherein the liquid accommodating unit is disposed between the light emitting unit and the first image sensing unit, and has a relative a first light transmissive wall of the light emitting unit and a second light transmissive wall of the first image sensing unit, wherein a change in the intensity of the light penetrating the liquid to be tested is performed by the first image sensing unit Sensing to obtain an image data; an analyzing unit connected to the image sensing unit for analyzing the image data to be converted into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested; and a second image sensing unit, The liquid accommodating unit is further connected to the first light transmissive wall and the second light transmissive wall, and is opposite to the second image. a sensing unit, wherein a change in intensity of the light scattered by the liquid to be tested is sensed by the second image sensing unit, and another image data is obtained to be converted into a suspension in the liquid to be tested by the analyzing unit. Particle related data. The system of claim 12, wherein the analyzing unit is configured to convert the image data into grayscale value data. The system of claim 13, wherein the analyzing unit is further configured to convert the grayscale value data into absorbance data of the liquid to be tested to evaluate suspended particle concentration data in the liquid to be tested. The system of claim 14, wherein: The image sensing unit includes a matrix image sensing component; the image data obtained by the image sensing unit is a matrix image data; and the analyzing unit is configured to convert the matrix image data into a matrix. The gray scale value data is used to convert the gray scale value change of each position in the matrix gray scale value data into the suspended particle distribution data of each depth in the liquid to be tested. A method for measuring precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in a liquid, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a relationship between a change in intensity of a light penetrating liquid and a concentration of suspended particles in the liquid; (b) sensing a light penetration to be measured a change in intensity after the liquid to obtain an image data; and (c) using the relationship to convert the image data into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested, wherein: converting the image data to be related to the intensity change Gray-scale value data; using a relationship established based on the relationship, the gray-scale value data is converted into suspended particle-related data in the liquid to be tested; and the gray-scale value of each position in the gray-scale value data is used, Converting to the suspended particle distribution data of each depth in the liquid to be tested; the grayscale value data of the liquid portion to be tested is presented, and is divided into a plurality of slice layers from the liquid surface to the bottom portion, and layer by layer from the top slice layer Accumulating the sum of the grayscale values of the layers, and summing the accumulated grayscale values Dividing the sum of the gray scale values of all the slice layers of the gray scale value data, and obtaining the suspended particle distribution data of the accumulated distribution groups of the respective depths; obtaining distribution data of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups with time; using the same The distribution data of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution group over time is calculated to calculate the precipitation speed of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups. The method of claim 16, wherein in step (b), the liquid to be tested is penetrated by infrared light. The method of claim 16, wherein in the step (b), the light is supplied by a light source to allow the light to uniformly penetrate the liquid to be tested. The method of claim 16, wherein: in step (b), obtaining a matrix image data. The method of claim 16, wherein: in the step (b), the image data of the liquid to be tested changes over time in a set period. The method of claim 16, wherein the precipitation rates are utilized to calculate an average precipitation rate of suspended particles in the liquid to be tested. A method for measuring precipitation characteristics of suspended particles in a liquid, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a relationship between a change in intensity of light scattered from the liquid and a concentration of suspended particles in the liquid; (b) sensing a light scattering from a test The intensity of the liquid changes to obtain an image data; and (c) using the relationship to convert the image data into suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested, wherein: first converting the image data into gray scale value data related to the intensity change; using the relationship established based on the relationship a relationship between the gray scale value data and the suspended particle related data in the liquid to be tested; and the gray scale value change of each position in the gray scale value data is converted into the suspended particle distribution of each depth in the liquid to be tested Data; the gray scale value data of the liquid portion to be tested is divided into a plurality of slice layers from the liquid surface to the bottom portion, and the sum of the gray scale values of each layer is accumulated layer by layer from the top slice layer, and the accumulated The sum of the gray scale values is divided by the sum of the gray scale values of all the slice layers of the gray scale value data, and the suspended particle distribution data of the accumulated distribution groups of the respective depths are obtained; and the distribution of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups with time is obtained. Data; using the distribution data of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups over time to calculate the sedimentation velocity of the suspended particles of the accumulated distribution groups. The method of claim 22, wherein in step (b), visible light is scattered from the liquid to be tested. The method of claim 22, wherein in the step (b), the light is supplied by a light source to uniformly pass the light into the liquid to be tested. The method of claim 22, wherein: in step (b), obtaining a matrix image data. The method of claim 22, wherein: In the step (b), the image data of the liquid to be tested changes with time is periodically taken in a set period. The method of claim 22, wherein the precipitation rates are utilized to calculate an average precipitation rate of suspended particles in the liquid to be tested.