CN110887826A - Method for measuring suspended sediment transport rate based on fluorescence principle - Google Patents

Method for measuring suspended sediment transport rate based on fluorescence principle Download PDF

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CN110887826A
CN110887826A CN201911314905.5A CN201911314905A CN110887826A CN 110887826 A CN110887826 A CN 110887826A CN 201911314905 A CN201911314905 A CN 201911314905A CN 110887826 A CN110887826 A CN 110887826A
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祖超锋
汤家源
吴腾
於程洋
刘杰
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Sinohydro Bureau 7 Co Ltd
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    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring suspended sediment transport rate based on a fluorescence principle, belonging to riverbed evolution analysis and river simulation. In the later experiment process, the sand content of the water body can be quickly obtained through the relational expression between the sand content and the gray level of the photo only by shooting the photo of the water body and then extracting the gray level of the photo. The method is non-contact measurement and has the advantages of real-time performance, continuity and the like. And calculating the overflow of different areas of the cross section of the water tank, and combining the sand content obtained by photogrammetry to comprehensively obtain the suspended load sand conveying rate on the cross section of the water tank. The sand conveying rate measured by the method also has real-time performance and continuity, and the defect that the measuring process of the traditional method is complex is overcome.

Description

Method for measuring suspended sediment transport rate based on fluorescence principle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to riverbed evolution analysis and river simulation, and particularly relates to a method for measuring suspended sediment transport rate based on a fluorescence principle.
Background
The suspended load sand transport rate is the amount of sediment carried by a water body in unit time, reflects the real water flow sand transport capacity, and is an important factor for river bed evolution analysis.
The sand content of the water body is the key for calculating the sand transporting rate, and the measurement of the sand content of the water body is mainly a direct measurement method and an indirect measurement method. The direct measurement is mainly to directly measure the content of the silt in the water body through the processes of sampling, weighing and the like, and mainly comprises a drying method and a specific gravity method. The indirect measurement method is mainly used for measuring other characteristics of the sand-containing water body, such as conductivity, light transmittance and the like, and the main measurement comprises a photoelectric sand measurement method, a remote sensing information method, a conductivity sand measurement method and the like. The drying method comprises the steps of taking a muddy water sample of a certain water body after sampling by a sampler, recording the volume of the sampler, drying the water body in an oven, weighing the mass of dried silt by using a balance, and converting to obtain the content of the silt in the water body according to the mass and the volume.
The specific gravity method is to determine the sand content according to the influence of the sand on the specific gravity, and a specific gravity meter or a balance and a measuring cylinder can be used for measurement.
The photoelectric sand measuring method is characterized in that after a bundle of parallel light passes through a sand-containing water body which is uniformly distributed, the intensity of transmitted light is weakened, one part of light is absorbed by suspended sand in the water body, the other part of light is scattered to other directions, the transmitted light is only a small part of incident light, and the sand content is measured through extinction degree.
The principle of the remote sensing information method for quantifying suspended sediment is similar to that of a photoelectric sediment measurement method, and the part of measuring the light wave energy scattered by the suspended sediment is mainly considered.
Most methods in the prior art can only measure the numerical value of a limited point on a section, and cannot completely reflect the amount of silt on the section in real time. Due to the turbulent action of water flow and the influence of boundaries, the distribution of the sand content in the water body is not uniform, and the distribution of the sand content is difficult to measure in the actual process, so that the accurate numerical value of the sand conveying rate of the section is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for measuring the suspended sediment transport rate based on the fluorescence principle, which reduces the safety risk, can obtain the sand content distribution on the cross section by the fluorescence principle, and can further obtain the accurate suspended sediment transport rate.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment based on the fluorescence principle comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking silt used for a test in acrylic resin paint (waterproof fluorescent paint), and stirring the silt to ensure that the silt is completely contacted with the acrylic resin paint;
step 2, taking the silt out of the acrylic resin paint, and putting the acrylic resin paint into a cool area for drying;
and 3, putting the water with the volume of V milliliters into a cylindrical transparent glass container, wherein the unit of the water is liter, and weighing x grams of silt coated with the acrylic resin paint at will. Putting the silt into a water body, and uniformly stirring the silt by using a glass rod;
step 4, irradiating the glass container by using a purple LED light source at one side of the glass container, and photographing the sand and sand mixed liquid above the glass container;
step 5, storing the image in the step 4 as a BMP format file, selecting a water body part in the range of a glass container in the image, and carrying out graying processing on the image by adopting a weighted average method to obtain the average grayscale H of the water body image in the picture;
step 6, weighing silt with different qualities, repeating the processes from the step 3 to the step 5, and counting the silt content S of the water body with different qualities and the average gray level H of the corresponding water body image;
step 7, fitting the different data in the step 6 to obtain a relation S ═ f (H) between the water sand content and the photo gray level;
step 8, arranging a purple LED light source on the side surface of the water tank to irradiate the test water tank, vertically shooting the water tank downwards above the water tank, starting the light source, shooting the water tank test process at 120fps to 240fps through a camera, and converting the shot video into a picture according to the required observation frequency; wherein the irradiation conditions in step 4 and step 8 are the same;
step 9, selecting all water body parts in the image, uniformly dividing the image into n regions from left to right according to the graph 1, wherein n is the number of the regions divided by the image, n is a positive integer, the width, the length and the area of each region are the same, determining the gray level of each region by adopting the method in the step 5, and obtaining the sand content of each region according to the relationship established in the step 7;
step 10, reading the inlet flow Q, the water tank width W and the inlet water depth h in the test process, and calculating the overflow of each of the n areas divided in the step 9;
and 11, combining the step 9 with the step 10 to obtain the suspended load sand conveying rate of the section.
Further, in step 5, the graying the image by the weighted average method is a process of weighted averaging the three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) of each pixel point in the image according to different weights, and a calculation formula of the process is as follows:
E(i)＝0.3R(i)+0.6G(i)+0.1B(i)；
i is the serial number of the pixel point on the image; the method for calculating the average gray level of all the pixel points comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002325583740000031
where k is the total pixel in the image.
Further, in step 5, the method for determining the sand content comprises:
Figure BDA0002325583740000032
unit is kg/m3。
Further, in step 9, the image is divided into n regions, each region having a width of
Figure BDA0002325583740000033
W is the width of the water trough, in m, preferably: n is 10.
Further, in step 10, a method for calculating an overflow volume of each of the n divided regions includes:
first point and the mostThe hydraulic radius of the latter point is the same,
Figure BDA0002325583740000034
the hydraulic radius of the rest points is R2＝…＝Rn-1H; the overflow of each area is respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002325583740000035
wherein c is the roughness of the water tank, J is the specific reduction of the water tank, and the overflow of the middle area is
Figure BDA0002325583740000036
The sum of the flow rates of all the parts is the total flow rate, and the relation between the flow rates of all the parts and the total flow rate can be further obtained
Figure BDA0002325583740000037
Figure BDA0002325583740000038
Where b is the width of each region, in m; h is the inlet water depth, unit m; q is the inlet flow in m3S; n is the number of the image divided areas, and n is a positive integer.
Further, in step 11, the cross-section suspended load sand transport rate calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002325583740000039
in the formula QiA flow rate for each of the n zones; siThe sand content of each region is in kg/m3The sand content calculation method comprises the following steps: and substituting the average gray scale of each region into the relational expression established in the step 7 to obtain the gray scale.
The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of soaking silt used for a test in acrylic resin paint (waterproof fluorescent paint) in advance; during the test, a 20-50W purple LED light source (the wavelength is 365 nm-405 nm) is arranged on the side surface of the water tank, the distance between the light source and the water tank is 10-20 cm, and a camera is arranged 1m above the water tank to vertically shoot the water tank downwards. The water-proof fluorescent paint is coated on the surface layer of the sediment, so that the distribution of the sediment can be clearly displayed under the action of the purple LED light source, the relation of the sand content of the water body with the gray level of a photograph can be established, the real-time sand content of the water body in the test process is obtained, and the sand content of the water body is multiplied by the flow, so that the suspended load sand conveying rate of the section can be obtained.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the sand transport rate of the suspended sediment based on the fluorescence principle can quickly obtain the sand content of different areas in the water body by the photogrammetry technology, is non-contact measurement, and has the advantages of real-time performance, continuity and the like. The comprehensive suspended sediment transport rate of the water tank can be obtained by combining the flow of each area, the sediment transport rate measured by the method has real-time performance and continuity, and the defects of complexity and discontinuous measurement data of the traditional method are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a suspended load sand transport rate measurement arrangement according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for measuring the sediment transport rate of suspended sediment based on the fluorescence principle comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking silt used for a test in acrylic resin paint (waterproof fluorescent paint), and stirring the silt to ensure that the silt is completely contacted with the acrylic resin paint;
step 2, taking the silt out of the acrylic resin paint, and putting the acrylic resin paint into a cool area for drying;
and 3, putting the water with the volume of V milliliters into a cylindrical transparent glass container, wherein the unit of the water is liter, and weighing x grams of silt coated with the acrylic resin paint at will. Putting the silt into a water body, and uniformly stirring the silt by using a glass rod;
step 4, irradiating the glass container by using a 20-50W purple LED light source (the wavelength is 365 nm-405 nm) at a distance of 10-20 cm on one side of the cylindrical transparent glass container, and photographing the silt mixed liquid by using a single-lens reflex camera 1m above the glass container;
step 5, storing the image in the step 4 as a BMP format file, selecting a water body part in the range of a glass container in the image, and carrying out graying processing on the image by adopting a weighted average method to obtain the average grayscale H of the water body image in the picture;
step 6, weighing silt with different qualities, repeating the processes from the step 3 to the step 5, and counting the silt content S of the silt water bodies with different qualities and the average gray level H of the corresponding water body images;
step 7, fitting the different data in the step 6 to obtain a relation S ═ f (H) between the water sand content and the photo gray level;
step 8, arranging a 20-50W purple LED light source (with the wavelength of 365 nm-405 nm) on the side surface of the water tank, irradiating the test water tank with the distance of 10-20 cm, arranging a camera 1m above the water tank, vertically shooting the water tank downwards, starting the light source, shooting the water tank test process at 120 fps-240 fps through the camera, converting the shot video into a photo according to the required observation frequency, and recording the shooting time; wherein, the irradiation conditions of the step 4 and the step 8 can be selected from other conditions as long as the irradiation conditions of the two steps are ensured to be the same;
step 9, selecting all water body parts in the image, uniformly dividing the image into n regions from left to right according to the graph 1, wherein n is the number of the regions divided by the image, n is a positive integer, the width, the length and the area of each region are the same, determining the gray level of each region by adopting the method in the step 5, and obtaining the sand content of each region according to the relationship established in the step 7;
step 10, reading the inlet flow Q, the water tank width W and the inlet water depth h in the test process, and calculating the overflow of each of the n areas divided in the step 9;
and 11, combining the step 9 with the step 10 to obtain the suspended load sand conveying rate of the section.
The graying of the image by the weighted average method in step 5 is a process of weighted averaging the three primary colors of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) of each pixel point in the image according to different weights, and a calculation formula of the process is as follows:
E(i)＝0.3R(i)+0.6G(i)+0.1B(i)
i is the serial number of the pixel point on the image. The method for calculating the average gray level of all the pixel points comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002325583740000051
where k is the total pixel in the image.
The sand content determining method in the step 5 comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002325583740000052
unit is kg/m3。
In step 9, the image is divided into n regions, each region having a width of
Figure BDA0002325583740000053
W is the width of the water trough, in m, preferably: n is 10.
The method for calculating the flow rate of each of the n regions divided in the step 10 comprises the following steps:
the hydraulic radius of the first and last points is the same,
Figure BDA0002325583740000061
the hydraulic radius of the rest points is R2＝…＝Rn-1H; the overflow of each area is respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002325583740000062
wherein c is the roughness of the water tank, J is the specific reduction of the water tank, and the overflow of the middle area is
Figure BDA0002325583740000063
The sum of the flow rates of all the parts is the total flow rate, and the relation between the flow rates of all the parts and the total flow rate can be further obtained
Figure BDA0002325583740000065
In which b is eachWidth of each region, unit m; h is the inlet water depth, unit m; q is the inlet flow in m3S; n is the number of the image divided areas, and n is a positive integer.
In step 11, the sand transport rate of the suspended load on the fracture surface is calculated according to the formula:
Figure BDA0002325583740000066
in the formula QiA flow rate for each of the n zones; siThe sand content of each region is in kg/m3The sand content calculation method comprises the following steps: and substituting the average gray scale of each region into the relational expression established in the step 7 to obtain the gray scale.
Examples
A method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment based on the fluorescence principle comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking silt used for a test in acrylic resin paint (waterproof fluorescent paint), and stirring the silt to ensure that the silt is completely contacted with the acrylic resin paint; taking the silt out of the acrylic resin paint, and putting the acrylic resin paint in a cool area for drying;
step 2, putting 1L of water into a cylindrical transparent glass container, weighing 1g of silt coated with acrylic resin paint, putting the silt into the water, and uniformly stirring the silt by using a glass rod;
step 3, irradiating the glass container by using a 20-50W purple LED light source (the wavelength is 365 nm-405 nm) at a distance of 10-20 cm on one side of the cylindrical transparent glass container, and photographing the silt mixed liquid by using a single-lens reflex camera 1m above the glass container;
step 4, storing the image in the step 3 as a BMP format file, selecting a water body part in the range of the glass container in the image, counting the number of total pixels in the range, performing graying processing on each pixel in the range by adopting a weighted average method, and calculating to obtain the average gray level of the water body part in the image;
step 5, weighing 0.01g, 0.05g, 0.1g, 0.5g, 5g, 10g and 15g … … 50g, coating 14 groups of silt with fluorescent paint, repeating the operations in the step 2 and the step 3 to respectively obtain 14 pictures, calculating 14 groups of average gray scales, and establishing a relation between the water sand content and the image gray scale;
and 6, recording the width of the water tank to be 0.5m and the water depth of the water tank to be 0.3 m. Arranging a 20-50W purple LED light source (with the wavelength of 365 nm-405 nm) on the side surface of the water tank and irradiating the test water tank at the distance of 10-20 cm, arranging a camera at a position 1m above the water tank to vertically shoot the water tank downwards, starting the light source, shooting the water tank test process at 120 fps-240 fps through the camera, and converting the shot video into a photo according to the required observation frequency;
step 7, selecting all water body parts in the image, uniformly dividing the image into 10 areas according to the graph 1, and respectively counting as P1、P2……P10The width of each region is 0.05m, and the sand content S of each region is obtained according to the relational expression in the step 5i(ii) a The inlet flow during the test was 0.015m3S, calculating the flow Q of different zones using the following formulai，
Figure BDA0002325583740000071
Figure BDA0002325583740000072
Wherein n is 10. The overflow, sand content and sand conveying rate of different areas are shown in table 1.
Step 8, substituting the sand content and the flow of each area in the step 7
Figure BDA0002325583740000073
The sand conveying rate of the section is 0.003423 kg/s.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002325583740000074
Figure BDA0002325583740000081

Claims (6)

1. A method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment based on the fluorescence principle is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking silt used for a test in acrylic resin paint, and stirring the silt to ensure that the silt is completely contacted with the acrylic resin paint;
step 2, taking the silt out of the acrylic resin paint, and putting the acrylic resin paint into a cool area for drying;
step 3, filling a water body into the glass container, putting silt into the water body, uniformly stirring the silt by using a glass rod, and calculating the sand content S of the water body;
step 4, irradiating the glass container by using a purple LED light source at one side of the glass container, and photographing the sand and sand mixed liquid above the glass container;
step 5, storing the image in the step 4 as a BMP format file, selecting a water body part in the range of a glass container in the image, and carrying out graying processing on the image by adopting a weighted average method to obtain the average grayscale H of the water body image in the picture;
step 6, weighing silt with different qualities, repeating the processes from the step 3 to the step 5, and counting the silt contents S of different water bodies and the average gray level H of the corresponding water body images;
step 7, fitting the different data in the step 6 to obtain a relation S ═ f (H) between the water sand content and the photo gray level;
step 8, arranging a purple LED light source on the side surface of the water tank to irradiate the test water tank, vertically shooting the water tank downwards above the water tank, starting the light source, shooting the water tank test process at 120fps to 240fps through a camera, and converting the shot video into a picture according to the required observation frequency; wherein the irradiation conditions in step 4 and step 8 are the same;
step 9, selecting all water body parts in the image, uniformly dividing the image into n areas from left to right, wherein n is the number of the areas divided by the image, n is a positive integer, the width, the length and the area of each area are the same, determining the gray level of each area by adopting the method in the step 5, and obtaining the sand content of each area according to the relationship established in the step 7;
step 10, reading the inlet flow Q, the water tank width W and the inlet water depth h in the test process, and calculating the overflow of each of the n areas divided in the step 9;
and step 11, combining the sand content in the step 9 and the overflow in the step 10 to obtain the suspended load sand conveying rate of the section.
2. The method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment according to claim 1 based on the fluorescence principle, which is characterized in that: in step 3, the volume of the water in the glass container is V milliliters, the mass x grams of silt coated with acrylic resin paint is coated, and the sand content of the water is as follows:
Figure FDA0002325583730000021
unit is kg/m3。
3. The method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment according to claim 1 based on the fluorescence principle, which is characterized in that: in step 5, the graying of the image by the weighted average method is a process of weighted averaging the three primary colors of red, green and blue of each pixel point in the image according to different weights, and a calculation formula of the process is as follows:
E(i)＝0.3R(i)+0.6G(i)+0.1B(i)；
i is the serial number of the pixel point on the image; the method for calculating the average gray level of all the pixel points comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002325583730000022
where k is the total pixel in the image.
4. The method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment according to claim 1 based on the fluorescence principle, which is characterized in that: in step 9, the image is divided into n regions, each region having a width of
Figure FDA0002325583730000023
W is the width of the water tank in m.
5. The method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment according to claim 1 based on the fluorescence principle, which is characterized in that: in step 10, the method for calculating the flow rate of each of the divided n regions comprises:
the hydraulic radius of the first and last points is the same,
Figure FDA0002325583730000024
the hydraulic radius of the rest points is R2＝…＝Rn-1H; the overflow of each area is respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0002325583730000025
wherein c is the roughness of the water tank, J is the specific reduction of the water tank, and the overflow of the middle area is
Figure FDA0002325583730000026
The sum of the flow rates of all the parts is the total flow rate, and the relation between the flow rates of all the parts and the total flow rate can be further obtained
Figure FDA0002325583730000027
Figure FDA0002325583730000028
Where b is the width of each region, in m; h is the inlet water depth, unit m; q is the inlet flow in m3S; n is the number of the image divided areas, and n is a positive integer.
6. The method for measuring the sand transport rate of suspended sediment according to claim 1 based on the fluorescence principle, which is characterized in that: in step 11, the cross section suspended load sand transportation rate calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002325583730000031
in the formula QiA flow rate for each of the n zones; siThe sand content of each region is in kg/m3The sand content calculation method comprises the following steps: and substituting the average gray scale of each region into the relational expression established in the step 7 to obtain the gray scale.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102706841A (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-10-03 清华大学 Indoor cultivation and observation method for bio-flocculation sediment
GB2529719A (en) * 2014-09-01 2016-03-02 Lancaster University Business Entpr Ltd Lubel Tracer
CN106370563A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-02-01 南京昊控软件技术有限公司 Method and device for measuring sediment concentration of vertical fracture surface of model by means of optical method

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