TWI417079B - 骨骼固定釘 - Google Patents

骨骼固定釘 Download PDF

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TWI417079B
TWI417079B TW096141778A TW96141778A TWI417079B TW I417079 B TWI417079 B TW I417079B TW 096141778 A TW096141778 A TW 096141778A TW 96141778 A TW96141778 A TW 96141778A TW I417079 B TWI417079 B TW I417079B
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bone
head
shaft portion
rod
nail according
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TW200820934A (en
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Lutz Biedermann
Wilfried Matthis
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Biedermann Technologies Gmbh
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7097Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants
    • A61B17/7098Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants wherein the implant is permeable or has openings, e.g. fenestrated screw
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/864Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

骨骼固定釘
本發明係關於一種骨骼固定釘。尤指一種骨骼固定釘,具有軸部,內為縱向腔孔,在軸壁有複數開口;以及頭部,有實質上U形凹部,可容納桿。骨骼固定釘可用於例如把脊椎桿固定於相鄰椎骨的梗節,把脊椎柱加以穩定,亦可用於任何其他類型之骨骼固定用途,使用桿或桿狀元件。
呈骨骼螺釘形式之骨骼固定裝置,包括螺釘頭部和螺紋軸,其中設有軸向腔孔,貫穿複數徑向腔孔,連接外側,見WO 01/26568號。骨骼膠粘劑可注射貫穿骨骼螺釘,進入螺紋軸周圍之骨狀組織內。US 2004/0147929 A1揭示一種骨骼固定裝置,包含管狀元件,有一段在外壁有骨骼螺紋;尖端;以及可連接於管狀元件之頭部,其中頭部包括U形凹部,供容納桿。此種骨骼固定裝置插入,係藉旋入完成,即耗力又費時。此外,在旋入之時,作用於骨骼之力,在某些情形下太大,例如較老和/或較弱之骨骼。
US 2004/0220575 A1號揭示一種骨骼固定元件,把外部裝置固定於骨骼。骨骼固定裝置包括可連接於外部裝置之頭部,以及連接於頭部之軸部,其中軸部之預定段具有骨骼螺紋,而在該預定段內有至少一段無骨骼螺紋。骨骼固定裝置可推入骨骼之預鑽孔內,再轉動,利用骨骼螺紋加以固定。固定裝置可因骨骼螺紋的存在而旋鬆。在特殊具體例中,軸部包括縱向腔孔,向徑向腔孔引導至外側,得以把藥劑或骨骼膠粘劑引進入預鑽孔內。
US 5,743,912和JP 09149906A揭示醫療植入體,包括有縱向腔孔和徑向開口之軸部,以及在一端之螺紋段。
US 2006/0089642 A1記載一種椎骨和其他骨骼之植入體,形成長或圓筒形本體,有一系列穿孔,透過圓筒壁,與圓筒腔孔相通。腔孔可充填骨骼生長混合物。植入體不適合與脊椎穩定桿連接。
為某些臨床要求而言,尤其是為了穩定脆弱的矯正骨骼,特別是在外科手術、頸椎手術,或神經手術中,亟需可連接至外加穩定桿或桿狀元件之骨骼固定裝置,其中骨骼固定裝置可比已知裝置更快速並更省力插入,又具有可媲美於螺釘之安全定置。
本發明之目的,在於提供此種骨骼固定裝置。此目的是利用如申請專利範圍第1項之骨骼固定釘解決。進一步發展列於申請專利範圍附屬項。
本發明骨骼固定釘得以快速插入骨骼預先鑽設的芯孔內,可靠而持久的定置,是利用血管成長入開孔內,接著在開孔內新形成骨骼,和/或把骨骼膠粘劑注射貫穿縱向腔孔,從開孔出,硬化而把釘連接於周圍骨骼材料。
骨骼固定釘可特別應用在最少侵襲性手術(MIS)、脊椎手術以及長骨之穩定。
本發明其他特點和優點,由如下參照附圖之詳細說明,即可更為清楚明白。
本發明第一具體例之骨骼固定釘,參照第1至4圖加以說明。骨骼固定釘包括軸部1,具有自由端2,和在自由端2相反之頭部3。共軸腔孔4從頭部3位置之末端延伸貫穿軸部,直到距自由端2一段距離處。共軸腔孔4直徑使軸部有充分強度以免故障。
複數開孔5沿徑向延伸,從腔孔4貫穿軸部1壁,至外側。開口截面以圓形或加以圓滑為佳。開孔可以規則性配置,例如按沿周排列,其中可一排至另一排錯開,使開孔在軸部1之一段均勻分佈。如圖所示,在軸部1靠近頭部3之一段,可不設開孔。開口之數量和配置,可按臨床需要而異。開孔直徑至少要大到血管可從周圍骨材生長,接著形成新骨進入開孔。又,可選擇開孔的直徑,使骨骼膠粘劑和/或醫療處理劑,可從開孔出去而不致阻塞。在軸部1外壁,於開孔周圍可設錐坑面積(圖上未示),以便利血管成長。圖示開孔5按軸部軸線M之徑向延伸。惟其部份或全部亦可沿與軸向腔孔呈某一角度的方向延伸,惟90°除外。選用軸部長度,使其適合特殊用途。
自由端2形成尖端,惟自由端2亦可呈平坦。軸部1可在一段6斜縮至自由端2,例如呈錐形斜縮。共軸腔孔4亦可延伸跨越軸部1全長延伸至自由端2,使其在自由端2具有開孔。尖端亦可設備成分開組件,可連接至軸部1。在此情況下,可藉分開的尖端連接於軸部,而封閉共軸腔孔4。
如圖所示,軸部1外表面無螺紋。此外,軸部1外表面可處理成增進定置,或增進軸部在芯孔內滑動。例如,外表面可加以粗糙化以增進定置,或塗佈材料以促進成長。在另一例中,表面可塗佈或磨光,或另外處理成增進滑動,以方便插入。
在圖示具體例中,頭部3呈實質上圓筒形,外徑比軸部1直徑為大。頭部3包括實質上U形凹部7,和延伸貫穿頭部並與軸部的共軸腔孔相通之共軸腔孔8。利用U形凹部7,形成二自由股部9,10,設有陰螺紋11。U形凹部7的直徑得以插入桿12,把若干骨骼固定釘加以彼此連接。桿12利用鎖定元件保固,例如利用內螺釘13,可旋入於股部9,10之間,並緊壓於桿上。
在圖示具體例中,頭部3和軸部1設計成單件式。惟頭部3和軸部1亦可設計成分開組件,其中頭部3和軸部1可彼此剛性連接,以形成剛性單軸連接。另外,頭部3和軸部1可轉動連接,轉動軸線即為軸部軸線。
鎖定元件可以內螺釘13以外之方式實施。例如,可設外螺帽(與頭部3陽螺紋合作)和內螺釘組合。另外,可構想另一鎖定機制,例如在鎖定元件和頭部間之插旋聯結。
骨骼固定釘係由生理相容性材料,諸如鈦或鈦合金,或生理相容性塑膠材料製成。亦可由形狀記憶性合金製成。
操作上,首先在骨骼固定釘要固定之骨骼面積,準備芯孔。孔內徑相當於軸部外徑,或稍小些。若軸部1被壓入芯孔內,即因摩擦力保持在內。軸部插入孔內之動作,比骨骼螺釘旋入骨骼內省時多了,即時骨骼螺釘內所用預鑽孔。因此,骨骼固定釘可用於必須快速插入之臨床情況,和/或骨材脆弱到不許應用大力插入(在使用骨骼螺釘情況下會發生)。
在插入至少二骨骼固定釘後,可藉桿連接。旋緊內螺釘把桿定置。骨骼固定釘亦可與習知單軸骨骼螺釘併用,後者用於與桿連接。
若干時日後,血管開始通過開孔5,成長到共軸腔孔4內,接著形成新骨,因而增進定置。
為進一步增進定置,在插桿之前,可通過頭部的腔孔8和軸部之縱向腔孔4,引進骨骼膠粘劑,諸如PMMA或TCP。骨骼膠粘劑呈實質上流體形式,經開孔5出。硬化時,把軸部1與周圍骨骼材料牢固連接。
第二具體例參見第5至7圖。第二具體例與第一具體例不同,其中頭部和軸部構成分開組件,呈樞動連接,得以多軸調節。與第一具體例一致之組件,以同樣參考材料標示。軸部1'與第一具體例不同,具有球形截面末端段1a,縱向腔孔4延伸穿過。在其自由端,球形截面末端段1a包括凹部1b,供與旋入工具結合。
頭部3'形成分開組件。一如第一具體例之頭部3,具有實質上圓筒形,包括實質上U形凹部7和共軸腔孔8,藉此形成二股部9,10,設有陰螺紋11。頭部3'下側3a有開孔3b,其維度使球形截面頭部1a不會在組裝狀態脫出。在腔孔8和開孔3b之間設有球形截面末端段1a之底座3c。在組裝狀態時,軸部1'可相對於頭部3'樞動。
第二具體例之骨骼固定釘包括加壓元件14,呈實質上圓筒形,有共軸腔孔15,和適於壓到末端段1a上之球形段16,在圖示具體例中,加壓元件14在球形段16相反端,有實質上U形凹部17,以容納桿12。加壓元件可保固於頭部3'內,抵抗轉動並防脫出。軸部1'、頭部3'和加壓元件14宜預先組合。
第二具體例骨骼固定釘之使用,類似第一具體例。第二具體例骨骼固定釘可使頭部3'相對於軸部1'多軸調節。軸部1'相對於頭部3'之角度位置,利用加壓元件14施壓於球形截面末端段1a,而把球形截面末端段1a施壓於底座3c,加以鎖定。旋緊內螺釘,使桿12固定,把力傳輸到加壓元件,再阻止球形截面末端段1a,完成鎖定。
在一修飾例中,軸部1'的球形截面段1a和桿12,可彼此單獨鎖定。
第7圖簡略表示血管通過開孔5成長。血管延伸穿過開孔,可繼續在共軸腔孔4內成長。
第8圖簡略表示注射儀器20,把骨骼膠粘劑或醫療處理劑注射到軸部1,1'。注射儀器20包括藥劑或骨骼膠粘劑之貯存部21、注射管22,和作動注射用之作動器23。住射管22的外徑較共軸腔孔4之直徑為小,使其可引進入共軸腔孔4至某一程度,即到達開孔之附近。
1,1'...軸部
1a...球形截面末端段
1b...凹部
2...自由端
3,3'...頭部
3a...頭部下側
3b...開孔
3c...底座
4...縱向腔孔
5...開孔
6...斜縮段
7...U形凹部
8...共軸腔孔
9,10...股部
11...陰螺紋
12...桿
13...內螺釘
14...加壓元件
M...軸部軸線
15...共軸腔孔
16...球形段
17...U形凹部
20...注射儀器
21...貯存部
22...注射管
23...作動器
第1圖為第一具體例骨骼固定釘之分解透視圖;第2圖為第1圖骨骼固定釘連接於桿之組合狀態圖;第3圖為第一具體例骨骼固定釘連桿沿桿軸線方向之側視圖;第4圖為第一具體例骨骼固定釘連桿沿桿軸線取得之斷面圖;第5圖為第二具體例骨骼固定釘之分解透視圖;第6圖為第二具體例骨骼固定釘連接於桿之組合狀態圖;第7圖為第二具體例骨骼固定釘沿桿軸線取得之斷面圖,以及血管成長之簡圖;第8圖為注射醫療處理劑或骨骼膠粘劑用之注射裝置。
1'...軸部
1a...球形截面末端段
1b...凹部
2...自由端
3'...頭部
3c...底座
4...縱向腔孔
5...開孔
8...共軸腔孔
12...桿
13...內螺釘
14...加壓元件

Claims (10)

  1. 一種骨骼固定釘,具有:一無螺紋軸部(1,1'),有一自由端(2);在該自由端相反側之一頭部(3,3'),該頭部具有一實質上U形凹部(7),以供容納一桿(12)或一桿狀元件;一縱向腔孔(4),延伸貫穿該軸部和一開孔,朝向至少該頭部(3,3')或該自由端(2);以及一複數開孔,延伸貫穿該軸壁,且與該腔孔(4)相通者。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之骨骼固定釘,其中該腔孔(4)朝向該頭部(3,3')開口,並在該自由端(2)封閉者。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之骨骼固定釘,其中該軸部呈實質上圓筒形者。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之骨骼固定釘,其中該開孔(5)具有一圓滑截面者。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之骨骼固定釘,其中該開孔(5)從該軸部軸線(M)沿徑向延伸者。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之骨骼固定釘,其中該軸部之外表面經處理呈粗糙化,或經塗佈,以增進定置者。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之骨骼固定釘,其中該軸部(1)和該頭部(3)係單軸連接者。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之骨骼固定釘,其中該軸部(1')具有一球形截面末端段(1a),而該頭部(3')為分開之組件,設有一底座(3c),以樞動保持該末端段者。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之骨骼固定釘,其中在該桿(12)和該末端段(1a)間設有一加壓元件(14),施壓時,該加壓元件即將該末端段(1a)抵緊該底座(3c)鎖定者。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之骨骼固定釘,其中設有一鎖定元件(13),把該桿(12)或桿狀元件鎖定於該凹部 (7)內,該鎖定元件與該頭部(3,3')合作者。
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US9517088B2 (en) 2016-12-13
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US7785356B2 (en) 2010-08-31

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