TWI407134B - In-bore stratum and groundwater monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

An in-bore stratum and groundwater monitoring device includes an outer tube to be fixedly inserted into a stratum, at least a measuring device settled in the outer tube, an inner tube made of a transparent material and sleeved around by the outer tube, and an image-capturing device slidably received in the inner tube. Thereby, the image-capturing device is enabled to take readings of the at least a measuring device, including data about magnitude of stratum displacement caused by stratum slide and flow directions as well as depths of groundwater veins for further analysis and diagnosis.

Description

Stratum sliding surface and groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in hole

This creation is about a monitoring instrument for measuring the displacement distance of the formation and the flow direction and depth of the groundwater. In detail, it is a measurement result of the measuring device by the image capturing device for analysis and interpretation. .

According to the traditional monitoring of sliding surfaces such as hillsides, it is mainly divided into two parts: one is the monitoring of the internal movement of the sliding surface, and the other is the monitoring of the groundwater; the monitoring methods of the internal movement of the sliding surface are mainly as follows:

(1) Sliding surface measuring tube method: drilling exploration is carried out in advance at the monitoring site such as hillside land, and the measuring tube is built into the drilling hole. The measuring tube is internally provided with drawstrings of various lengths, and the sliding surface is displaced. When the test tube is deformed, the drawstring below the displacement deformation of the test tube may not be pulled due to the bending deformation of the test tube, thereby obtaining the depth of displacement of the sliding surface. However, this method can only know the depth of the displacement, and the distance and direction of the displacement are completely unknown.

(2) Tube strain gauge: a strain gauge with a complex number in the measuring tube is used, and the displacement value generated by the strain gauge is used to calculate the displacement of the strain gauge, although the sliding surface can be further known. The depth and displacement of the displacement occur, but the direction of the occurrence is still unclear, and the measured information is the amount of change in the resistance value. The amount of change in the resistance value can be further converted into a displacement value, which is inconvenient to use; Each strain gage needs to be connected to the ground and connected to the measuring instrument for monitoring. If the wiring breaks, it is difficult to repair.

(3) In-hole inclinometer: firstly, the test tube is buried under the ground. A tilt sensor is then placed to measure the tilt angle of the tube at each depth below the ground. After the trigonometric function operation, the magnitude of the lateral movement of the test tube with the ground layer is reversed to monitor the movement of the formation, and the change of the inclination angle can further know the situation of the displacement. However, because this method requires manual timing measurement and data acquisition, and the obtained data needs to be calculated, it can be known, and the condition of the underground is presumed to be consistent with the actual situation and difficult to verify.

(4) In-hole telescopic instrument: one end of the copper wire is fixed in the stable rock disk by the drilling, and the other end is pulled to the ground, and the amount of expansion and contraction between them is continuously observed to understand the sliding amount of the stratum and the strain condition of the sliding stratum. The method is to set a fixed end every one meter in the plastic tube, that is, each measuring depth is composed of several plastic tubes with a length of one meter and an measuring plate, and the stainless steel wire is used to guide one end. To the ground, the other end is fixed to the assay board. The measuring plate is drilled with more than 20 holes, so that the wire fixed to the measuring plate at a depth of 10 meters can be freely expanded and contracted at a portion of more than ten meters to the surface. The information obtained by this method also needs to be calculated before it can be known, and it is also speculated, so there will be shortcomings that are inconsistent with the actual situation.

(5) Optical fiber bender: consists of a fiber grating induced formation movement monitoring tube and a fiber grating double bearing type skewer. The wavelength of the reflected light generated by the fiber grating is transmitted to the computer through the wire. Analyze. The information obtained by this method also needs to be calculated before it can be known, and it is also estimated, so there will be shortcomings that are inconsistent with the actual situation. Furthermore, the personnel performing the measurement must have a certain level of expertise in the field. The observed results are correctly judged and analyzed.

(6) Time Domain Reflectomete: The coaxial cable is used as a continuity sensor for measuring the displacement, and the sliding condition of the formation is understood by the change of the electromagnetic waveform. T, D, and R are a measurement technique for measuring cable length, characteristic impedance, and positioning of cable faults. Some or all of the signals are reflected back if the signal encounters a sudden change in impedance while passing the cable. The delay, magnitude, and polarity of the reflected signal indicate the location and nature of the characteristic impedance discontinuity in the cable. This method is the same as the above methods. The measured data needs to be calculated and analyzed before it can be known, and it is also estimated, so there will be disadvantages that are inconsistent with the actual situation. On the other hand, the measurement process is complicated. Therefore, the measurement time required is also longer. In addition, the personnel performing the measurement operation must have a certain level of professional knowledge in the field in order to make the correct judgment and analysis of the observed results.

On the other hand, due to the change of groundwater, it is also a major factor causing the collapse of the sliding surface or the formation of the earth-rock flow; therefore, in the monitoring project of the sliding surface, the change of the flow direction of the groundwater and the change of the groundwater level will be separately monitored. Among them, the following two ways are generally adopted for the flow of groundwater:

(1) Groundwater level contour estimation method: multiple drilling operations on the sliding surface, the water level depth in the drilling can be used to know the height of the groundwater level at the point, and the groundwater level data of each drilling site is compiled. The height of the groundwater level around the sliding surface is obtained, and the contour map of the water level is plotted to calculate the flow direction of the water under the sliding surface. However, this method is based on speculation, and it is likely to cause a great error with the actual situation.

(2) Pigment delivery measurement method: the non-toxic pigment is placed on the top of the hillside or at the source of the groundwater vein. After a certain period of time, it is sampled and tested in each well. If there is a pigment reaction, it is the groundwater flow; In this way, the flow direction of the groundwater vein can be correctly known. However, due to the extremely low concentration of the pigment after diffusion, it is usually necessary to carry out laboratory tests to know whether the sample has pigment or not, and the sampling and testing takes a long time. In addition, after the pigments in the same well are diffused, they will be distributed at various depths. Only the pigments in the wells can be known. As for the depth of the groundwater veins, the depth of the groundwater veins cannot be known. It is also only a plane flow diagram.

From the above, it can be seen that all the sliding surfaces and the sliding amount survey methods in the past are used to transmit the ground inclined pipe buried in the soil layer to the link using physical phenomena generated by the measuring tube, the strain amount, the inclination, the expansion and contraction amount, the optical fiber, the cable, and the like. Inductive receivers on the ground are analyzed manually or by computer to measure the amount of displacement. Although these methods are widely used, they all have common shortcomings to be solved.

The inventor has carried out related sliding surface monitoring work and teaching all the year round, and actively developed and improved based on the shortcomings of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, in order to develop a reversible endoscope scanning method, which can directly measure the displacement of the formation in the tube, and borrow This can clearly understand the monitoring method and device for the actual situation of the change of the ground sliding surface. In addition, it can simultaneously monitor the flow direction of the groundwater and the height of the water level, which can greatly simplify the monitoring of the sliding surface and effectively monitor the actual condition of the sliding surface.

In general, the shortcomings of the prior art generally include the use of internal sliding monitoring methods for various sliding surfaces, and it is impossible to simultaneously know the depth of displacement of the sliding surface, and the distance and direction of the displacement, and all of them use indirect data to utilize the program. The calculation is roughly calculated. Therefore, the measurement process is not only time-consuming, but the measurement results are prone to errors. In addition, the monitoring method of the flow of groundwater is not easy to produce the error of the measurement results, and only the groundwater can be known. The plane of the vein flows, and the depth through which the groundwater vein flows cannot be known at the same time. In view of solving the above shortcomings, the present invention proposes a formation sliding surface and a groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole.

The present invention is a ground sliding surface and a groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in a hole, comprising: an outer tube embedded in a ground layer; at least one measuring device is disposed in the outer tube; and an inner tube is a transparent material, the inner tube is sleeved in the outer tube; and an image capturing device is disposed in the inner tube for moving up and down in the inner tube; thereby capturing from the image The device captures the measurement results of each measurement device, including the displacement distance of the formation and the flow direction and depth of the groundwater, for analysis and interpretation.

One of the purposes of the present invention is to simultaneously monitor the displacement depth of the ground sliding surface, and the displacement distance and direction by using the image capturing device and the ground displacement measuring device.

The second purpose of this creation is to simultaneously monitor the flow direction of the groundwater and the water level by using the image capturing device and the hydrological measuring device.

The third purpose of this creation is that the measured sliding surface displacement and groundwater monitoring are all direct data, rather than using indirect data to make use of cumbersome calculations, and without manual timing measurement, thereby shortening the measurement. Time, and improve the accuracy of the measurement results to avoid the situation that does not match the actual situation, resulting in errors.

The fourth purpose of the present invention is that the distance from the suspension rod to the measuring ruler is one quarter of the length of the outer tube support frame, and the design is feasible by the hammer line and the yaw of the hanging hammer. Test and consider the convenience of calculation to design the most suitable size.

For the convenience of the description, the central idea expressed in the column of the above summary of the present invention is expressed by a specific embodiment. Various items in the embodiments are depicted in terms of ratios, dimensions, amounts of deformation, or displacements that are suitable for illustration, and are not drawn to the proportions of actual elements, as set forth above. In the following description, like elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in the first picture, the creation department is buried in one of the rock plates 3 in the 2nd stratum of one of the rivers 1 , so that the creation is placed in a plurality of observation wells 4 that have been dug in advance. By monitoring and measuring the sliding position, the sliding direction and the sliding amount of one of the sliding surfaces 6 above the sliding layer 5, and the flow direction and depth of the groundwater.

As shown in the second to fourth figures, the present invention is a formation sliding surface and a groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in a hole, and mainly comprises: an outer tube 10, at least one measuring device 20, and an inner tube 30 and a Image capture device 40.

The outer tube 10 is embedded in the rock disk 3 fixed in the ground layer, the measuring device 20 is disposed in the outer tube 10, and the inner tube 30 is sleeved in the outer tube 10, and the image capturing device 40 is axially disposed in the inner tube 30 so that the image capturing device 40 can move up and down within the inner tube 30.

In the present invention, the image capturing device 40 is suspended by a cable 7 to be placed in the inner tube 30, and the image capturing device 40 is electrically connected to a computer control system 50.

As shown in the third to fifth figures, the total length of the outer tube 10 is consistent with the length of the conventional measuring tube, which is 3000 mm; the outer tube 10 is provided with a supporting frame group 11 and the supporting frame group. 11 includes at least one outer tube support frame 111, each outer tube support frame 111 includes a plurality of support rods 112 disposed along the inner wall of the outer tube 10 and parallel to the axis of the outer tube 10, and the support rods 112 are respectively An outer tube fixing ring 113 is disposed at an inner edge of each of the support rods 112 for supporting the outer tube 10, and an inner tube fixing ring 114 is disposed at an inner side of each outer tube fixing ring 113 for supporting the inner tube 30. The diameter of the inner tube retaining ring 114 is smaller than the diameter of the outer tube retaining ring 113.

The outer tube support frame 111 is designed to have a length of 600 mm. One end of each outer tube support frame 111 is connected to each of the support rods 112 to connect at least one fastening rod 116 to form a connecting end 115. The fixing rod 116 is formed. The support rod 112 is formed to be bent inwardly or welded to the inner side of the support rod 112; and the opposite end of the outer tube support frame 111 forms a fixed end 117, and the fastening rod 116 can be The fixing end 117 of the outer tube support frame 111 is fastened to the inner side of the support rod 112. The flexible fixing piece 118 is disposed on the inner side of the support rod 112. There is a fixing groove 119, so that the fixing groove 119 can be passed through the supporting rod 112, so that the flexible fixing piece 118 bypasses the supporting rod 112 of the outer tube supporting frame 111 fixing end 117 to wear The outer tube support frame 111 is connected to the support rod 112 of the end 115, and covers the two outer tube fixing rings 113 at the joint of the outer tube support frame 111 for joint fixing; therefore, the outer tube is The fixing end 117 of the support frame 111 and the connecting end 115 of the other outer tube support frame 111 are engaged with each other, and so on, and are supported by other outer tubes. 111 movably connected integrally.

The measuring device 20 includes at least one formation displacement measuring device 21 and at least one hydrological measuring device 22, and the local layer displacement measuring device 21 is connected between the inner edges of the outer tube fixing ring 113 of the connecting end 115 of each outer tube support frame 111. There are two suspension rods 211, and a hammer suspension group 212 is disposed at each of the two ends of the two suspension rods 211. The hammer suspension group 212 includes at least one hammer line 213, and the hammer line 213 is a steel wire; each hammer One end of the line 213 is a hanging end 214, and the opposite end of each hammer line 213 is provided with a hanging hammer 215, and a measuring ruler 216 is disposed between the hanging rod 211 and the hanging hammer 215; the hanging rod 211 to the amount The distance of the measuring rod 216 is one quarter of the maximum length of the outer tube support frame 111. In addition, the hammer lines 213 of the hammer hanging group 212 are distinguished by different color indications, wherein one color, such as red. The hammer line 213 is adjacent to the hill 2, and the hammer line 213 is adjacent to the river 1 with respect to another color, such as blue; the hydrographic measuring device 22, the hydrographic measuring device 22 includes at least one The observation window 221 on the outer tube is formed by partially or completely transparent the outer tube 10.

After the above structure is clarified, the following is a detailed description of the monitoring principle of the present creation: as shown in the sixth to eighth drawings, the measurement operation diagram of the formation displacement measuring device 21 is performed; The hammer wire 213 and the hammer 215 of the hammer hanger group 212 are displaced with the sliding surface 6 to generate a yaw motion.

As shown in the sixth figure, when the sliding surface 6 is not displaced, the hammer line 213 and the hammer 215 are perpendicular to the suspension rod 211; as shown in the seventh drawing, by the second The different colors of the hammer line 213 are distinguished to distinguish that the sliding surface 6 is displaced toward the hill 2 or the river 1; the hammer line 213 on the right side is adjacent to the hill 2, and the hammer line is on the left side. 213 indicates that the river 1 is close to the river 1. When the sliding surface 6 is displaced toward the river 1, the hammer line 213 on the left side will also be yawed, and the hammer line 213 on the right side will remain stationary, thereby being The scale on the measuring ruler 216 is used to measure the offset distance of the hammer line 213 to estimate the sliding position, the sliding direction and the sliding amount of the sliding surface 6; as shown in the eighth drawing, when the sliding surface 6 faces When the hill is displaced by 2, the hammer line 213 on the right side will also be yawed, and the hammer line 213 on the left side will remain stationary. Similarly, the displacement on the scale 216 can be observed. As shown in the figure of the ninth figure.

As shown in the figure of the tenth figure, the calculation of the displacement distance of the sliding surface 6 by the yaw distance of the hammer line 213 is used; as described above, the total length of the outer tube 10 is 3000 mm. The length of each outer tube support frame 111 is designed to be 600 mm, which means that there are five outer tube support frames 111. In addition, in order to match the diameter and calculation convenience of the outer tube 10, the suspension rod is used. 211 to 216 from the measurement scale is one-fourth of the maximum design length of the outer tube support frame 111, i.e. 150mm; Thus, when the hammer 213 line deflection distance of L _1, obtained by triangles theorem It is known that the distance of the outer tube support frame 111 is 4L ₁ . Similarly, the yaw distance of the hammer line 213 of each outer tube support frame 111 is calculated and summed to obtain the deviation of the outer tube 10 . The distance moved, by which the displacement distance of the sliding surface 6 is calculated, as follows:

ΣL (total offset distance per hammer line) = L ₁ + L ₂ + L ₃ + L ₄ + L ₅

The outer tube 10 offset distance=4ΣL=4L ₁ +4L ₂ +4L ₃ +4L ₄ +4L ₅

When the ground surface of the sliding surface 6 flows down the groundwater, the hydrographic measuring device 22 can generate at least one pigment (not shown) placed in the observation well 4, and after a certain period of time, the groundwater pulse flows, The pigment reaction, at this time, the image capturing device 40 can be utilized, and the image of the groundwater in the observation well 4 can be captured through the observation window 221, and if there is a pigment reaction, it is a groundwater flow; The situation observed in the observation well 4 is comprehensively judged, and the flow direction of the groundwater vein can be correctly known. Further, the depth of the groundwater vein can be judged by the image observed by the positions of the four outer tube support frames 111 in each observation well. In this way, the water level data obtained from long-term observations can be plotted as water level graphs according to coordinates, and with the captured images, the flow direction of the groundwater veins and the changes at various depths can be clearly understood.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of several preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various changes in the form without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification or change that is not in violation of the spirit of this creation is the scope of patent application for this creation.

1. . . river

2. . . hillside

3. . . Rock disk

4. . . Observation well

5. . . Sliding layer

6. . . Sliding surface

7. . . Steel cable

10. . . Outer tube

11. . . Support frame

111. . . Outer tube support

112. . . Support rod

113. . . Outer tube retaining ring

114. . . Inner tube retaining ring

115. . . Connection end

116. . . Knuckle rod

117. . . Fixed end

118. . . Flexible fixing piece

119. . . Card slot

20. . . Measuring device

twenty one. . . Formation displacement measuring device

211. . . Suspension rod

212. . . Hammer crane group

213. . . Hammer line

214. . . Suspension end

215. . . Hammer

216. . . Measuring ruler

twenty two. . . Hydrological measuring device

221. . . Observation window

30. . . Inner tube

40. . . Image capture device

50. . . Computer control system

The first picture is a schematic diagram of the application of the creation to the formation.

The second figure is a schematic diagram of the image capturing device of the authoring device.

The third picture is a schematic diagram of the outer tube support frame of the creation.

The fourth picture is a three-dimensional combination of the creation.

The fifth figure is a schematic diagram of the joint of the outer tube support frame.

The sixth figure is a schematic diagram of the action of the original formation displacement measuring device (1).

The seventh figure is the schematic diagram of the action of the original formation displacement measuring device (2).

The eighth figure is the schematic diagram of the action of the original formation displacement measuring device (3).

The ninth figure is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the formation displacement measuring device.

The tenth figure is a schematic diagram of the measurement results of this creation.

10‧‧‧External management

111‧‧‧Outer tube support

112‧‧‧Support rod

113‧‧‧Outer tube retaining ring

114‧‧‧ inner tube retaining ring

115‧‧‧Connecting end

116‧‧‧Keeping rod

117‧‧‧Fixed end

118‧‧‧Flexible fixing piece

20‧‧‧Measurement device

211‧‧‧hanging rod

213‧‧‧ hammer line

214‧‧‧suspension

215‧‧‧ hanging hammer

216‧‧‧ measure

22‧‧‧Hydrometric measuring device

221‧‧‧ observation window

30‧‧‧Inside

Claims (21)

The invention discloses a stratum sliding surface and a groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in a hole, comprising: an outer tube embedded in a ground layer; at least one measuring device is disposed in the outer tube; and an inner tube is formed by a transparent material The inner tube is sleeved in the outer tube; and an image capturing device is disposed in the inner tube for moving up and down in the inner tube; thereby, each image capturing device captures each The measurement results of the measuring device include the displacement distance of the formation and the flow direction and depth of the groundwater for analysis and interpretation. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring device for scanning in the hole according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the image capturing device is an endoscope device. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring device for scanning in the hole according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the image capturing device is a photographic device. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring device for scanning in the hole according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the image capturing device can capture the dynamic image. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the image capturing device can capture a static image. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein the outer tube is provided with a support frame group, the support frame group includes at least one outer tube support frame, and each outer tube support One end of the frame is a connecting end, and the opposite end of each outer tube support frame is a fixed end, and the cymbal is provided for being movably integrated with other outer tube support frames. The ground sliding surface of the hole scanning and the groundwater monitoring instrument according to the sixth aspect of the patent application, wherein each outer tube support frame comprises a plurality of support rods disposed along the inner wall of the outer tube and parallel to the outer tube axis. Each support rod is provided with an outer tube fixing ring along the inner edge of each support rod at both ends. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to the seventh aspect of the patent application, wherein an inner tube fixing ring is disposed on an inner side of each outer tube fixing ring, and the diameter of the inner tube fixing ring is smaller than the The diameter of the outer tube retaining ring. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to the sixth aspect of the patent application, wherein the connecting end is formed by at least one fixing rod connected by each supporting rod, and the fixing rod is available for the card. Fix the fixed end of the other outer tube support frame. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to claim 9 , wherein the fixing end is provided with two symmetrical elastic fixing pieces on the inner side of the support rod, and the flexible fixing is fixed. The sheet is provided with a fixing groove for allowing the fixing groove to pass through the supporting rod, so that the flexible fixing piece bypasses the supporting rod of the fixing end of the outer tube supporting frame to pass through the other outer tube The support rod of the connecting end of the support frame covers the two outer tube fixing rings at the joint of the two outer tube support frames for joint fixing. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to Item 9 of the patent application scope, wherein the fastening rod is formed by bending the support rod inward. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to claim 9 of the patent application, wherein the fastening rod is welded to the inner side of the support rod. The formation sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for in-hole scanning according to claim 6 , wherein the measuring device comprises at least one formation displacement measuring device and at least one hydrological measuring device. If the sliding surface of the stratum and the groundwater monitoring instrument are scanned in the hole as described in Item 13 of the patent application, Wherein, the hydrological measuring device comprises at least one observation window disposed on the outer tube, and the observation window is formed by partially or completely transparent the outer tube. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring device for scanning in the hole according to claim 13 of the patent application scope, wherein the hydrological measuring device can observe at least one pigment of an observation well to observe the depth of the groundwater pulse. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring device for scanning in the hole according to claim 13 of the patent application, wherein the displacement measuring device of each layer is disposed between the two sides of the inner edge of the outer tube fixing ring at the connecting end of each outer tube support frame. The second suspension rod is provided with a hammer suspension group at each of the two ends of the suspension rod. The ground sliding surface of the hole scanning and the groundwater monitoring instrument described in claim 16 of the patent application scope, wherein the hammer hanging group comprises at least one hammer line, one end of each hammer line is a hanging end, and each hammer line is opposite to each other. One end is provided with a hanging hammer, and a measuring rule is arranged between the hanging rod and the hanging hammer. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to Item 17 of the patent application scope, wherein the hammer line is a steel wire. The stratum sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to claim 17 of the patent application, wherein the distance from the suspension rod to the measuring ruler is one quarter of the maximum length of the outer tube support frame. For example, the stratum sliding surface of the hole scanning and the groundwater monitoring instrument described in Item 16 of the patent application scope, wherein the hammer lines of the hammer hanging group are distinguished by different color indications. The ground sliding surface and the groundwater monitoring instrument for scanning in the hole according to claim 20, wherein the hammer line of one color is close to a hill, and the hammer line of the other color is close to one. river.