TWI384966B - Implant surgical guide template and bone nail locator - Google Patents

Description

Implant guide template and bone nail occlusion locator

The invention relates to a dental implant guiding template and a bone nail occlusion locator, in particular to a dental implant guiding template for positioning with a bone nail and a bone nail occlusion locator.

The technology of artificial implants has been around for 50 years and has a very good success rate. In today's increasingly aging society, dental implant technology is an important invention for the elderly to care for the quality of life. However, the symptoms of missing teeth will not only occur in the elderly population. There are also many patients with missing teeth in the younger population. According to statistics, Taiwan’s population over 12 years old, that is, 47% of the population has missing teeth. problem. The treatment of missing teeth has a movable denture, that is, a denture. According to the study, about 80% of active denture patients have dissatisfaction with the active dentures used, such as large foreign body sensation, inconvenient socialization, poor pronunciation, and even Can cause gum pain...etc. The technique of artificial dental implants can provide improvements for these shortcomings and also has the effect of oral beauty.

Artificial dental implants are implanted with a titanium or ceramic artificial root into the upper and lower tibia, so that the bone tissue and the implanted implant produce so-called osseointegration, and then the dental patch is placed over the healing artificial root. Compared with traditional active dentures, not only does it provide better stability, but the patient's acceptance is also higher. However, the success of implant treatment, in addition to the successful integration of implanted implants to achieve osseointegration, is also related to the position, angle and direction of implant placement, only the precise implantation of artificial roots before surgery is expected The position can be successfully restored to the desired state of the patch to achieve aesthetic and functional requirements.

In the dental implant technology, the dental guide plate provides a guide hole designed by the patient for planning the implant, and the guide hole provides important information on the position of the implant. During the implant operation, the physician will perform manual through the guide hole. Implantation of the root.

However, the dental implant guides used in the current dental implant technology have their dental guides attached directly to the patient's gums in the case of full or partial missing teeth. Please refer to the first figure, which is a well-known dental guide. The plate 101 is directly attached to the patient's gums. Usually, after the anesthesia process of the dental implant surgery, the gums may be misplaced due to anesthesia swelling, or even placed, the error may also be caused by The degree of swelling varies from patient to patient, and patients with full mouthless teeth will be more severe. In addition, the gums are soft tissues, and the surgical process is also subjected to pressure by the device, which causes deformation and causes the displacement of the guide plate to produce an error in the position of the implant.

The present invention provides a dental implant guiding template for being disposed in an oral cavity. The dental implant guiding template comprises a bone nail, a guiding portion and a fixing portion. The tooth is normally grown in the direction of the vertical occlusal surface, the guiding portion of the dental implant guiding template is nearly perpendicular to the tooth growth direction, and has at least one dental implant positioning hole, and the fixed portion of the dental implant guiding template The line is nearly parallel to the tooth growth direction and has at least one bone nail joint having a pore diameter smaller than the tail end of the nail.

The present invention further provides a bone nail biting locator for positioning in an oral cavity, the bone nail biting locator comprising a occlusal portion and a positioning portion, the occlusal portion providing a occlusion of the upper jaw and the lower jaw, and the positioning portion The occlusal portion is attached and has a surface parallel to the direction of growth of the teeth, the surface having at least one bone guiding hole.

The invention utilizes the method of positioning the bone nails to produce a dental implant guiding template which does not need to directly adhere to the gums or directly squeezes the gums, thereby avoiding the swelling of the gums caused by the inhalation of the anesthetic, or applying the force to squeeze the gums during the operation. The resulting displacement error to provide a more accurate manual implant position.

The advantages and spirit of the present invention, as well as the more detailed embodiments, can be further understood from the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Please refer to the second (A) diagram, which is a schematic diagram of the dental implant guiding template of the present invention. The dental implant guiding template 200 of the present invention is disposed in the oral cavity without attaching the gums or directly squeezing the gums. The gingival prosthesis refers to the deformation of the gingiva, and the slight attachment of the gingiva without causing the gingival deformation is also within the range of not directly squeezing the gingiva; the dental implant guiding template 200 has a guiding portion 210 and a fixing portion 220, The teeth are normally grown in the direction of the vertical occlusal surface. The guiding portion 210 of the dental implant guiding template 200 has an inner surface S2 and an outer surface S1 which are nearly perpendicular to the tooth growth direction and are guided. The portion 210 has at least one implant positioning hole 201. The so-called inner surface S2 is the guide portion 210 adjacent to one side of the gum, and the outer surface S1 is the guide portion 210 is not adjacent to one side of the gum, such as the second (B As shown in the figure, the guiding portion 210 is the outer surface S1 of the guiding portion 210, and the inner surface S2 is the one side corresponding to the outer surface S1; the fixing portion 220 of the dental implant guiding template 200 has an inner surface. S4 and outer surface S3, the outer surface S3 is nearly parallel to the tooth growth direction, The fixing portion 220 has at least one bone nail joint portion 202 having a smaller aperture than the tail end of the bone nail, and the so-called inner surface S4 is the fixed portion 220 adjacent to one side of the gum. The outer surface S3 is the side of the fixing portion 220 that is not adjacent to the gingival. As shown in the second figure (B), the fixing portion 220 is the outer surface S3 of the fixing portion 220, and the inner surface S4, that is, the outer surface S3. One side.

Wherein, the implant positioning hole 201 does not intersect with the extending direction of the bone nail joint 202 to prevent the insertion of the nail into the position of the implant; the dental guide template 200 may be made of stainless steel or a material with good biocompatibility. Its production method and usage will be as follows.

Please refer to the third figure, which is a step diagram of a method for preparing a dental implant guiding template according to the present invention, and the steps thereof include:

Step1. Make a temporary denture in one of the patients; in the patient's mouth, impression, mold, and mold to make a temporary denture of the patient; and provide a bite 300, please refer to the fourth figure, which is the occlusion of the present invention A schematic view of the member 300 has a nip 301 and a positioning portion 302. The occlusal portion 301 is for providing the patient with the upper and lower rows of teeth for occlusion fixation, and the positioning portion 302 is for providing the posterior planning software to set the bone nail guide hole.

Step 2. The patient wears a temporary denture and the occlusion member 300 to perform at least one or more shooting to obtain at least one or more shooting information; please refer to the sixth figure, which is a patient wearing the temporary denture and the occlusion member 300 for shooting. A schematic diagram in which a portion of the engaging member 300 in contact with the tooth can be provided with a bite recording material to make the contact of the engaging member 300 and the teeth more stable and reduce the occurrence of displacement, so as to avoid affecting the accuracy of the shooting, and the shooting mode of the present invention utilizes a computer. Tomography (CT), but not limited to it, can also be taken for MRI or other radiological medical images. The obtained shooting information includes image information of the patient's alveolar bone, temporary denture, and occlusion member 300.

Step3. A planning software integrates the shooting information, and then outputs a reference information; since the CT information not only displays the density of the target object in different gray scales, but also the absorption coefficient of the X-ray of the tissue can be used to indicate the degree of density. The concept of dosage is converted to CT value without absorption coefficient, and the density is directly expressed by CT value. The unit is Hu (Hounsfield unit), and the CT values of various tissues with different densities in the human body are between -1000Hu and +1000Hu. In this embodiment, the material of the temporary denture and the snap member 300 can be made of a material having a Hu value close to the bone, such as barium sulfate, so that the Hu values of the temporary denture, the bite member 300, and the alveolar bone are similar. Can be easily distinguished from the CT information.

Step 4. According to the reference information, a dental implant guiding template 200 and a bone nail positioning locator 400 are formed; please refer to the second and seventh figures, which are respectively the dental implant guiding template 200 and the bone nail occlusion locator of the present invention. Schematic diagram of 400.

The guiding template 200 has a guiding portion 210 and a fixing portion 220, the guiding portion 210 is nearly perpendicular to the tooth growth direction, and has at least one dental implant positioning hole 201, and the fixing portion 220 is nearly parallel to the tooth growth direction, and There is at least one bone nail joint 202.

The bone pinion locator 400 also has a nip 401 and a positioning portion 402 for providing engagement between the upper jaw and the lower jaw, the positioning portion 402 connecting the engaging portion 401 and having a surface which is nearly parallel to the tooth growth direction, and the surface has at least one bone The nail guiding hole 403 and the bone nail guiding hole 403 are customized by the physician according to the size or shape of the patient's mouth, and are prepared by using the planning software.

Step 5. The patient wears a temporary denture and a bone nail bite locator 400; please refer to the eighth figure, which is a schematic diagram of the patient wearing the temporary denture and the bone nail biting locator 400; please refer to the ninth figure, The present invention is a schematic view of drilling a positioning hole in a patient's alveolar bone; the physician uses the drilling tool 500 to accurately drill at least one positioning on the patient's alveolar bone B through the bone nail guiding hole 403 on the bone nail biting positioner 400. hole.

Step 6. Set the front end 6001 of the bone nail 600 on the positioning hole of the patient's alveolar bone; refer to the tenth figure, which is a schematic diagram of the present invention for placing the bone nail 600 in the positioning hole of the patient's alveolar bone B; Referring to the thirteenth figure, when the overall structure of the nail 600 is known, the bone nail 600 has a front end 6001 and a rear end 6002, and the rear end 6002 further includes a blocking member 601.

Step 7. The implant guiding template 200 is fixed in the patient's mouth by the bone nail 600 through the bone nail joint 202 and with a fixing pin 700; refer to the eleventh figure, which is fixed by the dental implant guiding template 200 of the present invention. In the side view of the patient's oral cavity, the bone nail joint 202 on the dental implant guide template 200 is fixed in the patient's mouth in alignment with the position of the bone nail 600 on the alveolar bone B; The twelfth figure is a schematic diagram of the lingual side of the dental implant guiding template 200 of the present invention fixed in the oral cavity of the patient, and the dental implant guiding template 200 is directly fixed in the oral cavity, and is not directly in contact with the gum; The figure shows a schematic diagram of the dental implant guiding template 200 of the present invention by using the fixing pin 700 and the bone nail 600; the bone nail 600 has an opening, and the fixing pin 700 is inserted corresponding to the opening, so that the dental implant can be stably guided. The template 200 is fixed in the patient's mouth; the bone nail joint 202 is coupled to the tail end 6002 of the bone nail 600, and is used to contact the dental implant guide template 200 by the stopper 601 on the nail end 6002. The inner surface of the fixing portion is such that the dental implant guiding template 200 does not displace along the axial direction of the nail 600 after being combined with the bone nail 600, and the dental implant guiding template 200 can be suspended on the gum, that is, within the fixing portion. The surface does not directly squeeze the gums in the mouth or attach it to the fixed state of the gums.

Step 8. The doctor uses the drill to drill through the dental implant positioning hole 201 in the alveolar bone of the patient's missing tooth position. The drill can be replaced according to the surgical needs, for example, replacing the drill with different diameters, such as a round thorn or a tap. A drill such as a dental device in which a tapping device is used to drill an opening into a patient's crown.

Step9. The physician implants an implant into the alveolar bone. The implant is usually made of metal. Titanium is the best. It is used to replace the lost root. After two to four months, the artificial root and the alveolar bone. The B is healed and integrated to form a pillar of the denture, and the prefabricated denture can be mounted thereon.

In the above steps of the embodiment, the bone nail joint portion 202 can be presented in the form of a consistent perforation, so that the bone nail 600 can be locked with the fixing nail 700 through the through hole and the bone nail to achieve the dental implant guiding template 200 and The effect of the bone nail 600 is tightly combined. In other embodiments, the combination of the bone nail joint 202 and the bone nail 600 can also be presented in other forms, such as by engaging the concave portion with the convex portion. The concave portion can be on the bone nail joint portion 202 or In the bone nail 600, the convex portion is also the same, as long as the two are concave and convex, and can be mutually matched; or the screw is screwed to each other, and the manner of combining is numerous, and the invention does not limit the combination manner that must be used. .

In another embodiment of the present invention, in steps Steps 2-4, the material of the temporary denture and the snap member 300 is made without using a material having a Hu value close to the bone, and the CT information cannot be clearly distinguished, and can be used at this time. The positioning point method is used for the second shooting. Referring to the fifth figure, a positioning point 303 is set on the occlusion member 300 of the present invention. A plurality of positioning points 303 are set in the positioning portion 302 of a nip 300, and the positioning point 303 is selected. The Hu value is close to the material of the bone. In the present invention, the three positioning points 303 are preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto; the patient wears a temporary denture and the occlusion member 300 for shooting to obtain a first shooting information, A photographing information includes image information of the patient's alveolar bone, temporary denture, occlusion member 300, and positioning point 303.

Then, the temporary denture is separately combined with the occlusion member 300 to obtain a second shooting information, and the second shooting information includes the temporary denture, the occlusion member 300, and the image information of the positioning point 303, and the first shooting information and the second shooting result are obtained. The information is imported into the preoperative planning software. Since the temporary denture and the occlusion component 300 cannot be clearly distinguished from the information of the alveolar bone in the CT according to the material relationship, the information of the positioning point 303 can be used to provide the first shooting information of the preoperative planning software and The second shooting information is positioned and combined to output a reference information, and then a dental implant guiding template 200 and a bone nail locating device 400 are formed according to the reference information. The subsequent steps are the same as the above, and are not described herein again.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a dental implant guiding template is provided for positioning in an oral cavity defining a tooth growth direction, the oral cavity comprising a dental implant region and a gum located at the dental implant In the region, the gum has a first pattern, and the so-called first pattern refers to a three-dimensional spatial three-dimensional pattern presented by the entire gum in the mouth, and the pattern may also include teeth, and each person's gums are different. The first pattern formed is also different, and different three-dimensional spatial three-dimensional patterns are presented according to the number of teeth. For example, the three-dimensional spatial three-dimensional pattern of the missing front teeth and the missing teeth is different.

Referring to FIG. 14 , the dental implant guide template 200 includes: a bone nail 600 , the front end 6001 of the bone nail is disposed on the positioning hole of the intradental alveolar bone; a first surface S1 is nearly vertical In the tooth growth direction, and having at least one dental implant positioning hole 201; a second surface S2 is opposite to the first surface S1 and adjacent to the dental implant region, wherein the second surface S2 has a second pattern The second pattern does not coincide with the first pattern; a third surface S3 is substantially parallel to the tooth growth direction; and a fourth surface S4 is opposite to the third surface S3 and adjacent to the plant a tooth region, wherein the fourth surface S4 has at least one bone nail joint 202; since the dental implant guide template 200 does not need to be customized for the entire gum in the patient's mouth to generate the first pattern The same second pattern, and the dental implant guiding template is disposed in the oral cavity by the matching of the first pattern and the second pattern, so the second pattern formed by the second surface S2 of the dental implant guiding template 200 is not The dental implant guiding template 200 is positioned and fixed in the dental implant region of the oral cavity by the combination of the distal end 6002 of the bone nail 600 and the bone nail binding portion 202; The tail end 6002 further includes a blocking member 601 for contacting the fourth surface S4 of the dental implant guiding template 200, so that the dental implant guiding template 200 does not follow the axial direction of the nail 600 after being combined with the bone nail 600. The displacement of the implant guiding template 200 can be provided on the gum, that is, the fourth surface S4 does not directly press the gingival cavity of the oral cavity or adhere to the fixed state of the gum; in the embodiment, the bone nail joint 202 The non-through hole is a non-through hole, so that the blocking member 601 of the nail end 6002 can be a convex portion, and the bone nail joint portion 202 is a concave portion corresponding to the blocking member 601, and is engaged and fixed by the convex portion and the concave portion. The recess can also be on the end of the bone nail 6002, and the protrusion can also be on the nail joint 202 as long as The two may be a concave and a convex joint, or may be screwed to each other in a threaded manner, and the manner of joining is numerous, and the present invention does not limit the combination manner that must be used.

The advantages of the dental implant guiding template and the dental implant guiding template provided by the present invention are as follows:

1. The lateral fixation of the bone nail can avoid the swelling caused by the gums after anesthesia and the error caused by the extrusion during surgery.

2. The guiding template adopts an open design, and the effect of cooling and chip removal during operation is better, and the chance of bone tissue necrosis is reduced.

3. The guiding template has no complicated shape and the material is not limited, so it can be customized according to the patient's condition (such as the difference in oral size) and reduced into processing. this.

4. Since the occlusal member 300 used for photographing and the relative position of the bone-biting locator 400 used in the operation on the oral cavity are unchanged, the accuracy of the implantation of the bone nail 600 is high.

The invention utilizes the positioning method of the bone nail 600 to produce the dental implant guiding template 200 which does not need to directly fit the gum or directly squeeze the oral gums, thereby avoiding the swelling of the gum caused by the inhalation of the anesthetic, or during the operation. The displacement error caused by the force of the gums is provided to provide a more accurate position of the artificial implant. Moreover, the use of the process of the present invention does not require the use of the prior art rapid prototyping machine or the positioning drilling machine developed by the pre-planting pre-planning software, which has the characteristics of low cost and manufacturing versatility.

The present invention has been described above by way of a preferred example, and it is not intended to limit the spirit of the invention and the inventive subject matter. Those skilled in the art can easily understand and utilize other components or means to produce the same effect. Modifications made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

101. . . Conventional dental guide

200. . . Dental implant guide template

210. . . Guide

220. . . Fixed part

S1. . . Guide outer surface, first surface

S2. . . Inner surface of the guiding portion, second surface

S3. . . Fixed surface, third surface

S4. . . Inner surface of the fixing portion, fourth surface

201. . . Dental implant positioning hole

202. . . Bone joint

300. . . Bite

301, 401. . . Occlusal

302, 402. . . Positioning department

303. . . location point

400. . . Bone bite locator

403. . . Bone guide hole

500. . . Drill

B. . . Alveolar bone

600. . . Bone nail

6001. . . front end

6002. . . Tail end

601. . . Blocker

700. . . Fixed pin

The above and many of the advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following detailed description,

The first picture: a schematic diagram of the conventional dental guide plate attached directly to the patient's gums;

Second (A) diagram: a schematic diagram of the dental implant guiding template of the present invention;

Second (B): a schematic view of the inner and outer surfaces of the dental implant guide template of the present invention;

The third figure: a method step of the method for preparing a dental implant guiding template of the present invention;

Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the bite member of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the positioning point on the occlusal member of the present invention;

Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the patient wearing the temporary denture and the occlusal part of the invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic view of the bone nail biting locator of the present invention;

Eighth, a schematic view of a patient wearing a temporary denture and a bone nail biting locator;

Ninth view: a schematic diagram of the positioning hole drilled in the patient's alveolar bone of the patient;

The tenth figure: a schematic view of the invention for placing a bone nail in a positioning hole of a patient's alveolar bone;

Eleventh drawing: a schematic side view of the dental implant guiding template fixed in the oral cavity of the patient;

Figure 12: Schematic diagram of the tongue surface of the dental implant guiding template fixed in the oral cavity of the patient;

Thirteenth view: a schematic diagram of the dental implant guiding template of the present invention using a fixing pin and a bone nail;

Figure 14 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the dental implant guiding template of the present invention.

200. . . Dental implant guide template

600. . . Bone nail

6001. . . front end

6002. . . Tail end

601. . . Blocker

700. . . Fixed pin

Claims (10)

a dental implant guiding template is disposed in an oral cavity, the dental implant guiding template comprises: a bone nail, the front end of the bone nail is disposed on the positioning hole of the intraoral alveolar bone; a portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, the outer surface being substantially perpendicular to the direction of tooth growth in the oral cavity, and the guiding portion having at least one implant positioning hole; and a fixing portion having an inner surface and an outer surface The outer surface is nearly parallel to the direction of tooth growth in the oral cavity, and the fixing portion has at least one bone nail joint, the bone nail joint having a smaller diameter than the tail end of the bone nail; wherein, the dental implant guide template When fixed in the oral cavity, the combination of the bone nail joint and the tail end of the nail provides an effect that the inner surface of the fixed portion is not directly pressed into the oral cavity. The dental implant guiding template according to claim 1, wherein the dental implant positioning hole does not intersect with the extending direction of the bone nail joint. The dental implant guiding template according to claim 1, wherein the dental implant guiding template is made of stainless steel or a material with good biocompatibility. The implant guide template according to claim 1, wherein the end of the bone nail further comprises a blocking member, and when the blocking member is combined with the bone nail joint, the inner surface of the fixing portion is not provided. The effect of directly squeezing into the gums in the mouth. The implant guide template according to claim 1, wherein the bone nail further comprises a fixing pin, and the bone nail joint is a consistent perforation, and the fixing pin can be locked with the bone nail through the through hole. The dental implant guide template according to claim 1, wherein the end of the bone nail further comprises a blocking member for contacting the inner surface of the fixing portion. The dental implant guide template according to claim 1, wherein the joint of the bone nail and the bone nail can be a combination of the concave portion and the convex portion. a dental implant guiding template, configured to be disposed in an oral cavity, wherein the oral cavity defines a tooth growth direction, the oral cavity comprises a dental implant region and a gum, the gum is located in the dental implant region, and the dental gum has a first pattern The dental implant guiding template comprises: a bone nail, the front end of the bone nail is disposed in the positioning hole of the tooth bone in the oral cavity; a first surface is substantially perpendicular to the tooth growth direction, and has at least one planting a second positioning surface, adjacent to the first surface, adjacent to the dental implant region, wherein the second surface has a second pattern, the second pattern does not coincide with the first pattern; a third surface that is substantially parallel to the direction of growth of the tooth; and a fourth surface opposite the third surface and adjacent to the implant region, wherein the fourth surface has at least one staple joint, the bone The hole of the nail joint is smaller than the tail end of the nail. The dental implant guiding template according to claim 8, wherein the bone nail binding portion is combined with the tail end of the bone nail to position and fix the dental implant guiding template in the oral cavity. Tooth area. The implant guide template according to claim 9, wherein the end of the bone nail further comprises a blocking member for contacting the fourth surface.