TWI378668B - Adaptive beam-steering methods to maximize wireless link budget and reduce delay-spread using multiple transmit and receive antennas - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adaptive beam steering method for adaptive beam steering methods for maximizing a wireless link budget and shortening delay spread using multiple transmit and receive antennas. [Prior Art] In most wireless communication systems, the air link consists of a propagation channel between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. However, it is believed that the use of multiple antennas on the Transmitter ® and Receiver significantly increases the link budget and therefore increases link capacity. The disadvantage of this method is that it can also greatly increase the complexity of the system. A system with multiple transmit and receive antennas is called a wireless MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system. For the ΜΙΜΟ system, increase the link budget or link capacity by one of the following methods: increase diversity, multiplex transmission, and beamforming. When using the method of increasing diversity, the φ of the signal transmitted and received by multiple antennas is similar to the replica. These multiple transmissions may be separated in time (without association) by using significant delays, or separated by frequency using significant frequency offsets, or by using a particular permutation and/or encoding. Separated in the code space. Combine multiple receptions using the best maximum ratio combining (MRC) receiver. This method does not need to know the channel transfer function on the transmitter side. However, in the second method, it is necessary to copy the effective part of the transmit and receive data paths (analog and digital front end) for each antenna. Most of the current ΜIΜ 遵循 systems follow the first (diversity) method described above, and the link budget generated by this method is approximately less than the link budget of the link budget generated by beamforming 118829.doc 1378668, where N is The number of antennas. Moreover, in most cases, existing embodiments require a complex system in which the entire analog and digital front end portions of the data path are replicated for each antenna. In the multiplex transmission scheme, the accurate knowledge of the channel transfer function is used to make the overall transmission to the reception transfer function form an independent (orthogonal) transmission link on which the water filling is based on the valuation (water filling) The principle of using the correct coding and power allocation to multiplex data transmission (more power and data on the stronger link) As mentioned, this method requires some knowledge of the channel transfer function on the transmitter side. The effective portion of the transmit and receive data paths (analog and digits) needs to be replicated for each antenna. However, it is optimally designed to provide maximum capacity. There are embodiments based on multiplex transmission methods 'but complex Sexuality inhibits consumer and mobile wireless applications unless the dimensions of the system (ie, the number of antennas) are limited 'but this in turn limits the maximum available link budget growth. In the beamforming method, the channel transfer function is used. Accurate understanding to focus on the transmission and transmission of the strongest subspace (called the feature vector) of the overall transmission to the receiving channel. The signal is then transmitted in the space of the other. This is done by separately adjusting the phase of the signal and possibly the gain for each of the transmitting and receiving antennas. This solution obviously requires some knowledge of the channel transfer function on the transmitter side. However, 'only a subset of the analog data paths can be duplicated to implement the solution perfectly, and thus a simpler embodiment may be needed, and/or a larger number of antennas may be allowed. It also provides better methods than the increased diversity described above. Link budget. For highly correlated channels, 118829.doc 1378668 is close to the capacity of the above multiplex transmission method. This method requires the transmission bandwidth to be a small part of the carrier frequency. Please note that the multiplex transmission can be carried along The beamforming is performed by parallel beamforming of various feature vectors transmitted to the receiving channel. Most of the beamforming embodiments can be found in radar applications, where first, the transmitter unit is inconsistent with the receiver unit, and the beamforming target is completely different. Maximize link budget or link capacity. Other beamforming proposals use direct singular value decomposition techniques It results in very complex embodiments that are unsuitable for consumer and mobile wireless applications, and thus limits the dimensions of the MIM(R) system (ie, the number of 'antennas), and thus limits the maximum available link budget growth. A method and apparatus for adaptive beam steering is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes performing adaptive beam steering using a plurality of transmit and receive antennas, including repeatedly performing a pair of training sequences, wherein The pair of training sequences includes estimating a transmitter antenna array weight vector and a receiver antenna array weight vector. [Embodiment] A reduced (and potentially lowest) complexity and an increased (and potentially maximum) gain is An Effective and Adaptive Technique for Performing Beamforming with Time-Varying Propagation Channels In contrast to existing solutions, beamforming is performed without directly performing singular value decomposition (SVD), which is very complex when implemented. Instead, the best channel feature vector or subspace is obtained via an adaptive repetitive work plan. The second effect of beamforming is the resulting beamforming, which has a shorter delay spread, which means that the intersymbol interference ((8)) will also be shorter. In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide a more detailed explanation of the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in the form of a block diagram in order to avoid obscuring the invention. Some portions of the detailed description that follows are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of computer memory or equivalent electronic computing device. These algorithms describe and represent methods that are familiar to the data processing technology to best convey the nature of their work to others skilled in the art. The algorithm is here and is generally conceived as a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to the desired result. These steps are the steps in which they require actual manipulation of physical quantities. Usually (though not necessarily), such quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bit values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. It should be borne in mind, however, that all such and such claims Unless otherwise expressly stated as apparent in the following discussion, it should be understood that throughout the description, such as "processing" or "operation" or "calculation" or "determination,• or display or The discussion of terminology similar to the term refers to the action and process of a computer system or similar electronic computing device. The computer system or similar electronic computing dream 118829.doc 1378668 is manipulated as a temporary storage of the computer system and the physics in the memory ( The electronic data is converted into a similar data that is similarly represented as a physical quantity in a computer system memory or scratchpad or other such information storage, transfer or display device. The invention also relates to apparatus for performing the operations herein. The device may be specially constructed for the required purpose by using a clamp component, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively enabled or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such computer programs may be stored in a computer readable storage medium such as, but not limited to, any type of disc (including a flexible disk, a compact disc, a CD_ROM and a magneto-optical disc), and a read-only memory (ROM). ), random access memory (RAM), EpR〇M, EEpR〇M, magnetic or optical card or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions and each coupled to a computer system bus. The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or device. Various general purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or they may prove convenient to construct a more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of such systems will appear in the description below. Moreover, the invention is not described in reference to any particular stylized language. It will be appreciated that a variety of stylized or digital design languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein. Machine-readable media includes mechanisms for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes: read-only memory ("ROM"); random storage memory ("RAM"); disk storage medium; optical storage medium; flash memory device; electrical, 118829 .doc -10- 1378668 Optical, acoustic or other forms of propagating signals (eg, carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); One example of a communication system Figure 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a communication system. Referring to the figure, the system includes a media receiver 100, a media receiver interface 1, a transmitting device 140, a receiving device 141, a media player interface 113, a media player 114, and a display 115. Media receiver 100 receives content from a source (not shown). In one embodiment, the media receiver 100 includes a video adapter. The content may include baseband digital video, such as, but not limited to, compliance with HDMI or DVI standards. In this case the 'media receiver 1' may include a transmitter (e.g., an HDMI transmitter) to forward the received content. The media receiver 100 transmits the content 1〇1 to the transmitter device 140 via the media receiver interface 102. In one embodiment, the media sink interface 1 〇 2 includes logic to convert content 101 to HDMI content. In such a situation, the media receiver interface 102 can include an HDMI plug and transmit the content 101 via a wired connection; however, the transmission can occur via a wireless connection. In another embodiment, content 1 〇 1 contains D VI content. The transmission of content 1.1 between the media receiver interface 102 and the transmitter device 140 occurs on a wired connection in one embodiment; however, the transmission can occur via a wireless connection. Transmitter device 140 wirelessly transmits information to receiver device 141 using two wireless connections. One of the wireless links is a phased array antenna (other wireless link via wireless communication channel 107' via a wireless communication channel 107' via a suitably shaped 118829.doc 1378668, referred to herein as a back channel. In one embodiment 'the wireless communication channel 1 〇 7 is unidirectional. In an alternate embodiment, the wireless communication channel 107 is bidirectional. In one embodiment, the return channel may use some or all of the same antennas as the forward beamforming channel (part of 105) <» In another embodiment, the two sets of antennas are disjoint. Receiver device 141 transmits the content received from receiver device 140 to media player 114 via an interface (e.g., media player interface 113). In one embodiment, the content transfer between the receiver device 141 and the media player interface 113 occurs via a wired connection. However, the transfer may occur via a wireless connection. In one embodiment, the media player interface U3 includes an HDMI plug. Similarly, content transfer between the media player interface n3 and the media player 114 occurs via a wired connection, however the transfer can occur via a wireless connection. The transmission can also occur via a wired or wireless data interface that is not a media player interface. The media player 114 causes the content to be played on the display π5. In one embodiment, the content is HDMI content, and the media player 114 transmits the media content to the display via a wired connection; however, the transmission can occur via a wireless connection. The display 115 can include a plasma display, an LCD, and a CRT#. Please note that 'the system in FIG. 1 can be changed to include a DVD player/recorder' instead of the DVE) player/recorder to receive and Play and/or record content. Again, the same technology can be used in non-media data applications. In one embodiment, transmitter 140 and media receiver interface 1〇2 are part of media 118829.doc • 12-1378668 body receiver 100. Similarly, in one embodiment, the receiver 140, the media player interface 113, and the media player 114 are all the same. P knife. In an alternate embodiment, the receiver 14A, the media player interface 113, the media player 114, and the display 115 are all part of the display: An example of such a device is shown in Figure 2. In the embodiment, the transmitter device 14A includes a processor 101, an optional baseband processing component 104, a phase array antenna 1〇5, and a wireless communication channel interface 106. The phase array antenna 1〇5 includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter having a coupling to the processor 1〇3 and controlling the use of adaptive beamforming to transmit content to the receiver device 141 by the processor control. A phase array antenna that is digitally controlled. In one embodiment, the receiver device 141 includes a processor η, an optional baseband processor component 111, a phased array antenna 〇1〇, and a wireless communication channel interface 109. The phase array antenna 丨丨〇 includes a radio frequency (RF) transmitter having a phase array antenna coupled to the processor 112 and controlled by the processor in a digital manner to use an adaptive beamforming self-emitter Device 140 receives the content. In one embodiment, processor 101 generates a base frequency # number processed by the baseband signal processing prior to being wirelessly transmitted by phase array antenna 105. In this case, the receiver device 141 includes baseband signal processing to convert the analog signal received by the phase array antenna 110 into a baseband signal processed by the processor 112. In one embodiment, the baseband signal is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal. 118829.doc • 13· 1378668 In one embodiment, transmitter device 140 and/or receiver device 141 is part of a separate transceiver. Transmitter device 140 and receiver device 141 perform wireless communication using a phased array antenna with adaptive beamforming that allows beam steering. Beamforming is well known in the art. In the embodiment, the processor (8) sends digital control information to the phase array antenna 1() 5 to indicate the offset of the phase array antenna 1〇5 or the plurality of phase shifters. The beam formed thereby is manipulated in a well known manner. Processor 112 also uses digital control information to control phase array antenna 11A. The digital control information is transmitted using the control channel 121 in the transmitter device 14 and the control channel 122 in the receiver device 141. In one embodiment, the digital control information includes a set of coefficients. In one embodiment, each of processors 1〇3 and 112 includes a digital signal processor. Wireless communication link interface 1〇6 is coupled to processor 1〇3, and is in wireless communication link 107 and processor 1. An interface is provided between 〇3 to transmit antenna information related to the use of the phase array antenna and to transmit information that facilitates playback of the content at another location. In one embodiment, the information conveyed between the transmitter device 14 and the receiver device 141 that facilitates playback of the content includes an encryption key transmitted from the processor 103 to the processor 112 of the receiver device 141. And one or more acknowledgments from the processor 112 of the receiver device 141 to the processor 103 of the transmitter device 14. The wireless communication link 107 also transmits antenna information between the transmitter device 140 and the receiver device 141. During initialization or tuning of phase array antennas 1〇5 and 11〇, wireless communication link 1〇7 transmits information to allow processor 1〇3 to select a direction for 118829.doc 1378668 bit array antennas 1〇5. In one embodiment, the information includes, but is not limited to, antenna position information and performance information corresponding to the antenna position, such as including the position of the phase array antenna 110 and one or more of the signal strength of the antenna position = channel. For the information. In another embodiment, the poor message includes, but is not limited to, processing by the processor 112 (4) 3, so that the processing 11103 can be used to transmit information of the content of the antenna 1 () 5 .

• When the f-phase array antennas 105 and 110 operate in a mode in which they can deliver content (e.g., HDMI content), the wireless communication link 107 transmits a status indication of the communication path from the processor 112 of the receiver device 141. The status indication of the communication includes an indication from the processor 112 that prompts the processor 1 to manipulate the beam in the other direction (e.g., to another channel) the prompt may occur in response to interference with the transmission of the content portion. One or more alternate channels may be designated by processor ι 〇 3. In one embodiment, the antenna information includes a private receiver device 141 that is transmitted by processor 112 to direct phase array antenna 11 至Information about the location. This is useful during initialization when the transmitter device 14 informs the receiver device 141 where to locate its antenna so that signal quality can be made to identify the best channel. The specified location can be one. The exact location may be a relative location, such as the next location in a predetermined sequence of locations followed by the transmitter device 14 and the receiver device 141. In one embodiment, the wireless communication link 110 transmits from Information of the antenna characteristics of the specified phase array antenna 11 of the receiver device 141 to the transmitter 118829, doc • 15 1378668 device 140, or vice versa. In an embodiment The communication link 101 transmits the information from the receiver device 141 that can be used to control the phase array antenna ι5 to the transmitter device 140. One Example of Transceiver Architecture An embodiment of the transmitter is described below. The transmitter includes transmit and receive paths for the transmitter and the patch respectively. In one embodiment, the transmitter for communicating with the receiver includes a processor and a phased array beamforming antenna. Performing adaptive beam steering by repeatedly performing a set of training operations in conjunction with the receiver's receiving antenna using multiple transmit antennas. One of the training operations includes: the processor is setting the receiver's receive antenna array weight vector and the transmitter antenna array weight vector When the weight vectors are exchanged with a set of weight vectors, the phase array beamforming antenna is caused to transmit a first training sequence. Another training operation includes: the processor sets the transmitter antenna array weight vector to calculate the receiving antenna array weight vector Part of the process, causing the phased array beamforming antenna to emit a second training In one embodiment, a receiver for communicating with a transmitter includes a processor and a phased array beamforming antenna. The processor controls the antenna to combine the transmitter's transmit antenna by repeatedly performing a red training operation Adaptive beam steering is performed using a plurality of receive antennas. One of the training operations includes a process during which the processor estimates a transmit antenna array weight vector by causing the transmitter to transmit a first training sequence when the receive antenna array weight vector is set. 'Sighing the antenna array weight vector. Another training operation involves the processor calculating the receive antenna array weight vector when the transmitter transmits a second 118829.doc •16·1378668 training sequence when the transmitter antenna array weight vector is set. FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are block diagrams respectively showing an embodiment of a transmitter device and a receiver device. The transmitter device and the receiver device are adapted to beamform multiple antennas included in the figure. Part of the radio system. The transceiver 300 includes a plurality of independent transmit and receive chains and uses a phase array to perform phase array beamforming, the phase array accepting the same RF signal and phase shifting one or more antenna elements in the array to achieve Beam Manipulation Referring to Figure 3A, a digital baseband processing module (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)) 301 formats the content and produces an instantaneous baseband signal. The digital baseband processing module 301 provides modulation, FEC coding, packet assembly, interleaving, and automatic gain control. The digital baseband processing module 301 then forwards the baseband signal to be modulated and transmitted on the transmitter 2RF. In one embodiment, the content is modulated into an OFDM signal in a manner known in the art. A digital/analog converter (DAC) 302 receives the digital signal output from the digital baseband processing module 3.1 and converts it to an analog signal. In one embodiment, the signal output from DAC 302 is between 〇 and i 7 GHz. The analog front end 3〇3 receives the analog signal and filters it with an appropriate low-pass image rejection filter (l〇w-pass image_rejecti〇n fiher) and amplifies it accordingly. The IF module 304 receives the output of the analog front end 303 and converts it up to the IF frequency. In one embodiment, the 11? frequency is between 2 and 15 gHz. The RF mixer 305 receives the signal output from the IF amplifier 304 and will be in a manner known in the art of U8829.doc 17 1378668. It is combined with a chemical from a local oscillator (L〇) (not shown). The signal output from the mixer 305 is at an intermediate frequency. In one embodiment, the intermediate frequency is between 2 and 15 GHz. Multiplexer 306 is coupled to receive the output from mixer 3〇5 to control those phase shifters 3071.1>. In one embodiment, phase shifter 307LN is a quantized phase shifter. In an alternate embodiment, the phase shifter 3 can be replaced by an IF or RF amplifier with controllable gain and phase. In one embodiment, the 'digital baseband processing module 301 also controls the phase and magnitude of the current in each of the antenna elements in the phased array antenna via the control channel 36〇 to use the technique. The manner known in the art produces the desired beam pattern. In other words, the digital baseband processing module 3 〇丨 controls the phase shifter 307丨 of the phase array antenna to produce the desired field pattern. Each phase shifter produces an output that is sent to one of the power amplifiers 3 〇 8 ι ν of the amplified signal. The amplified signal is sent to an antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements 3〇9ι_ν. In one embodiment, the signal transmitted from the antenna 3〇9] ν is a radio frequency signal between 56 and 64 GHz. Therefore, the self-phase array antenna outputs a plurality of waves. As for the receiver, the antenna SIO^N receives the wireless transmission from the antenna 309ι κ, and supplies it to the phase shifter 3121 Νβ ^ via the low noise amplifier 3111. ' respectively. In an embodiment, the phase shifter 3121Ν Contains a quantized phase shifter. Alternatively, the phase shifter 312ι_ν may be replaced by a complex multiplier. The phase shifter 312hN receives signals from the antenna 31〇1·Ν, which are combined by the rf combiner to form a single line feed output. In the embodiment, the multiplexer is used to combine signals from different components (4) out of a single feed line group 118829.doc 1378668 The output of the combiner 313 is input to the RF mixer 314. Mixer 314 receives the output of RF combiner 313 and combines it with signals from L〇 (not shown) in a manner known in the art. In one embodiment, the output of mixer 314 is a signal having a carrier frequency of 2 to 15 (11^11?). The IF module then down converts the if signal to a baseband frequency. In one embodiment There is a signal between 0 and 1.7 GHz. The analog/digital converter (ADC) 316 receives the output of the IF 315 and converts it to digital form. The digital baseband processing module (eg DSp) 318 receives from the ADC 3 16 Digital output. The digital baseband processing module 318 restores the amplitude and phase of the signal. The digital baseband processing module 3 can provide demodulation, packet decomposition, deinterleaving, and automatic gain. In one embodiment, Each of the transceivers includes a control microprocessor that sets control information for a digital baseband processing module (eg, a DSP). The control microprocessor can be in a digital baseband processing module (eg, uSP) On the same die. Controlled Adaptive Beamforming In one embodiment 'DSP implements an adaptive algorithm with beamforming weights included in the hardware', ie the transmitter and receiver work together to use Analogical phase shift of digital control The beamforming is performed in the RF frequency; however, in an alternate embodiment, beamforming is performed in the IF. The phase shifters 3 07i_n and 312丨-N are respectively via their respective DSPs in a manner known in the art. Control is controlled via control channel 360 and control channel 370. For example, a digital baseband processing module (e.g., DSP) 301 controls phase shifter 307uN to cause the transmitter to perform adaptive beamforming to manipulate the beam, and the digit 118829. Doc • 19-1378668 The baseband processing module (eg, DSP) 318 controls the phase shifter 312 to direct the antenna elements to receive wireless transmissions from the antenna elements and combine the k numbers from the different components to form a single line feed output. In one embodiment, a multiplexer is used to combine signals from different components and output a single feed line. Note that a processor such as the digital baseband processing module shown in the transmitter and receiver of Figure 1 is controlled. (For example, DSP) can be coupled to control channels 3 60 and 3 70, respectively, for controlling phase shifters 307 and 312. Digital baseband processing modules (eg, DSP) 301 are connected to each by pulse or excitation. day The appropriate phase shifter of the component performs beam steering. The pulse algorithm under the digital baseband processing module (eg, DSP) 301 controls the phase and gain of each component. The phase array beamforming system that performs DSP control is in this technology. Conventional beamforming antennas are used to avoid interference with obstacles. By adapting beamforming and steering beams, communication can be avoided to avoid obstacles that prevent or interfere with wireless transmission between the transmitter and the receiver. In an embodiment, as for an adaptive beamforming antenna, it has three operational phases, which are a training phase, a search phase, and a tracking phase. The training phase and the search phase occur during the initialization phase. The training stage determines the channel profile by a spatial field type and a predetermined sequence of (5)}. The first candidate for the data transmission between the transmitter of one transceiver and the receiver of another transceiver is selected in the search phase s ten candidate space type μ "丨, 丨 list, " The tracking phase tracks the strength of the candidate list. When the first candidate is blocked, the next pair of spatial patterns is selected for use. In one embodiment, during the training phase, the transmitter sends out an empty 118829.doc -20· 1378668 Inter-field sequence. For each spatial field type, the receiver projects the received signal to another field-type sequence. (5) The result of the projection is to obtain the channel profile on the 四 (4) 丨 丨 pair. In one embodiment, the transmission is performed. Exhaustive training is performed between the receiver and the receiver, wherein the antenna of the receiver is positioned at all locations and the transmitter transmits a plurality of spatial patterns. Exhaustive training is known in the art. In this case, the transmitter transmits M transmit spatial field patterns, and the receiver receives N receive spatial field patterns to form an NxM channel matrix. Therefore, the transmitter carefully checks the field type of the transmit sector and receives Search to find the strongest signal transmitted by the receiver. The transmitter then moves to the next sector. At the end of the exhaustive search process, the ranks of all positions of the transmitter and receiver are obtained, and at their locations The signal strength of the channel. This information is maintained as a match between the location pointed by the antenna and the signal strength of the channel. This list can be used to manipulate the antenna beam under interference conditions. In an alternate embodiment, subspace training is used. , wherein the space is divided into a continuous narrow portion 'and the orthogonal antenna field type is transmitted to obtain a channel wheel. It is assumed that the digital baseband processing module 301 (DSP) is in a stable state, and the direction in which the antenna should be pointed is determined. In the state, the DSP will have a set of coefficients that it sends to the phase shifter. These coefficients indicate the amount of phase at which the phase shifter shifts the signal for its corresponding antenna. For example, the digital baseband processing module 301 (DSP) Sending a set of digital control information to the phase shifter, the set of information indicating that different phase shifters should be offset by different amounts, for example, offset by 30 degrees, offset by 45 degrees, offset by 90 degrees, offset by 180 Therefore, the signal going to the antenna element will be offset by a certain phase degree. The result of shifting, for example, 16, 118829.doc -21 - 1378668 32, 36, 64 elements in the array is different. The antenna can be steered in the direction that provides the most sensitive receive position for the receive antenna. That is, the composite offset set over the entire antenna array provides the ability to agitate the most sensitive point of the antenna over the entire hemisphere. An embodiment t 'the proper connection between the transmitter and the receiver may not be a direct path from the transmitter to the receiver. For example, the most appropriate path can be bounced back from the ceiling. In one embodiment, the wireless communication system includes a return channel 32A or link for transmitting information between wireless communication devices (e.g., transmitters and receivers, a pair of transceivers, etc.). The information is associated with the beamforming antenna and enables one or both of the wireless communication devices to adapt the antenna element array to better direct the antenna elements of the transmitter to the antenna elements of the receiving device. The information also includes information that facilitates the use of content that is wirelessly transmitted between the antenna elements of the transmitter and the antenna elements of the receiver. In FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the return channel 320 is consumed between the digital baseband processing module (DSP) 318 and the digital baseband processing module (DSP) 301 to enable the digital baseband processing module (DSP). 3 18 can send tracking and control information to a digital baseband processing module (DSP) 301. In one embodiment, the return channel 32A acts as a high speed downlink and acknowledge channel. In one embodiment, the return channel is also used to communicate information (e.g., wireless video) corresponding to the application in which wireless communication is occurring. This information includes content protection information. For example, in one embodiment, the return channel is used to transmit encrypted information (e.g., an encryption key) and an encrypted fingerprint confirmation when the transceiver transmits HDMI data. In this case, the return channel is used for content protection communication. More specifically, in HDMI, an encrypted authentication data collector is used as an allowed device (for example, an enabled display when transmitting an HDMI stream) has a continuous new encrypted key stream transmitted to verify the The allowed devices are unchanged. The blocks of the HD TV data frame are encrypted with different keys' and then the secrets must be confirmed back on the return channel 320 in order to verify the player. The return channel 22 is now Transmitting the encrypted secret to the receiver in the forward direction and transmitting the confirmation of the received confidential record from the receiver in the return direction. Therefore, the encrypted information is transmitted in both directions. The use of the return channel for content protection communication is beneficial. Because it avoids the need to complete a lengthy retraining process when such communications are sent with the content. For example, 'If the key from the transmitter is sent with the content flowing on the primary link, and the primary link is broken On, it will force a typical HDMi/HDCP system to undergo a 2-3 second long retraining. In the _item embodiment, given the omnidirectional orientation, this The two-way link has higher reliability than the primary direction link. By using this return channel for HDCP key communication and proper confirmation from the receiving device, even in the most powerful obstacles, Time-consuming retraining can be avoided. 0 In active mode, when the beamforming antenna transmits content, the return channel is used to allow the receiver to inform the transmitter about the state of the channel. For example, when the channel quality between the beamforming antennas is sufficient When it is good, the receiver sends a message on the return channel to indicate that the channel is acceptable. The return channel is also 118829.doc • 23-1378668 can be used by the receiver to send information indicating the quality of the channel used by the transmitter. The receiver may indicate that the channel is no longer acceptable and/or if some form of interference (eg, 'barrier') occurs that degrades the channel quality below an acceptable level or 70 blocks the beamforming antenna. The channel change can be requested on the return channel. The receiver can request a change to the next channel in the predetermined channel group or can specify that the transmitter will use Particular channel. In one embodiment, 'two-way return channel. In such a situation, in

- Item Embodiment The transmitter uses the return channel to send information to the receiver. This information may include information indicating that the receiver is positioning its antenna elements at different fixed locations that the transmitter will scan during initialization. The transmitter may specify this by explicitly specifying the location or by indicating that the receiver should proceed to a predetermined order or a lower one of the β-single (the transmitter and receiver are advanced in that order or list). In one embodiment, the return channel is used by either or both of the transmitter and receiver to inform the other about specific antenna characteristic information. Example

and. The antenna characteristic information may specify that the antenna can have a resolution as low as 6 degrees in radius, and the antenna has a certain number of elements (e.g., (10) elements, 64 elements, etc.). In an embodiment, the communication on the return channel is performed wirelessly by using an interface unit. Any form of wireless communication can be used. In one embodiment, 〇FDM is used to transmit information on the return channel. In another embodiment, the CPM is used to transmit information on the return channel. Beamforming Overview In one embodiment, "the system performs beamforming with the following elements: 118829.doc • 24- 1378668 beam search process; beam tracking process; and beam steering state machine. Beam search and beam tracking are used to compensate for wireless channels Time-varying, and possible obstacles to narrow beams. When invoked, the beam-searching process looks for the beam direction that maximizes the link budget. The resulting beam direction is then used for beamforming. After the beam-searching process has led to optimal beamforming The beam tracking process is a small time-varying tracking beam relative to the channel transfer function. The beam steering state machine uses the dead link detection mechanism (which can be based on payload or beamforming results). Detect whether the current link's signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the desired threshold. For the purposes of this paper, the bad link means that the current beam direction is blocked' and then schedule a new beam search to find the next best beam direction. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a beam steering state machine. Referring to Figure 4, state machine 400 includes an acquisition (initial/idle) shape 4〇ι, a beam search state 402 and a steady state (state-state) or data transfer state 4〇3. The beam steering process begins with the acquisition state 4〇1. In one embodiment, during the keyway setup, Entering the acquisition state only 401 - After the initial acquisition, the state machine 400 transitions to the beam search state 4 〇 2 to perform beam search. Once the source (eg, 'transmitter') or target (eg, receiver) determines that a channel is viewed A bad channel (e.g., 'beam blocked') (based on one or more metrics) also enters beam search state 402. Note that in one embodiment, during data transfer state 403, regularly (e.g., per Scheduling beam search every 0.5-2 sec. This may be useful in a blocked beam. After the beam search is successful, the 'state machine 4' transitions to a steady state 4〇3, in which the data transfer operation is performed. In the embodiment, this includes beam tracking at a predetermined interval of 118829.doc -25 - 1378668 (eg, every 1-2 milliseconds). In one embodiment, 'beam tracking is a shortening of the beam search process The pattern can be scheduled or based on the request. If the link failure occurs when the beam steering state machine 400 is in the beam seek state 402 or the data transfer state 403, the beam steering state machine 4 turns into the acquisition state 401. In one embodiment, beamforming on the transmitter is performed by individually rotating the phase of the RF modulated signal for each RF power amplifier and transmit antenna group. The wave east rotation is described by: Α(ί)ο 〇8(2πί(:1 + φ(ί)) -^· A(t)cos(2Kfct + cp(t) + Θ) The rotation angle θ where the rotation angle 0 is quantized to 2-4 bits. This can be done using a quantized phase shifter. Similarly, in one embodiment, the phase of the received RF modulated signal is rotated by the receiving antenna and the low noise amplifier (LNA), and then the phase rotated signal is combined to perform the receiver. Beamforming. It should be noted that in one embodiment, the receive antenna is coupled to one or more digitized paths' and the number of digitized paths is less than the number of receive antennas. Moreover, in one embodiment, the transmit antenna is coupled to one or more transmit signal generation paths, and the number of transmit signal generation paths is less than the number of transmit antennas. One example of a beam search process. In one embodiment, the beam The search process consists of two phases: timing recovery and repeated job beam search. In the phase recovery 118829.doc -26- 1378668 phase, the arrival time (delay) of the beam/ray with the greatest gain is estimated. In one embodiment, the delay estimation is performed by transmitting a sequence of known symbols over the air and matching the sequence on the receiver via a matched filter. In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, the transmit antenna phase is set equal to the ugly line of the Hacode matrix, one line at a time, where Η has the following attributes:

Qiu, /) e {- l,l}, HTH = NI where is the transpose of H, and W is the #xiy unit matrix. The transmit antenna phase sweeps through the #row (set to 1) household (for example, 3) times, each time using a different pick-up antenna phase pattern. The receive antenna phase field type is selected such that the corresponding beam covers the entire space. The receiver matched filter correlates the received signal with the transmitted sequence, as described in the following equation where the mode is Z/symbol length: /=0 〇The summation of all transmit and receive antenna phase field types results in a maximum match The time delay of the filter output energy is selected as the maximum gain beam / • the time delay of the ray. In addition, the matched filter output is selected to sum over all of the transmit antenna phase field patterns, and the matched filter output at the selected time delay outputs the receive antenna phase field pattern having the greatest energy. In the next stage, in one embodiment, the beam search reverse job process is used to alternately change the total number of transmit phase field patterns and receive phase field patterns to (even) (e.g., 4, 0, 8, or 10) stages. In almost all cases, the 'transmit phase field pattern and the received phase field pattern converge toward the optimum value corresponding to the direction of the maximum gain beam. In some isolated situations, the transmit phase pattern and the receive phase pattern may fluctuate between different phase fields corresponding to similar beamforming gains. For the first-reverse operation, the receive phase field type is set to the phase pattern selected by p at the end of the last timing recovery phase. For Lu, set the receiver phase shift to the ith initial value (i=: 1, 2, 3, etc.). In one embodiment, the receive phase shift is set by the value of the Discrete Antenna Array Weight Vector (AWV). On the other hand, the emission mode is set equal to the ugly line of the Had code matrix, one line at a time. An example of a 3"% Had code (4) is given in Figure 8. Note that for a particular number of antennas, a unitary matHx can be used. In one embodiment, the receiver The antenna array weight vector (awv) with the transmitter is a complex weight vector that can have magnitude and/or phase information. In one embodiment, the weight vector is quantized into a phase shift vector. The transmitter transmits known symbols over the air. a sequence for estimating a single-input single-output (SiS〇) channel transfer function derived from an RF modulated signal before the # transmit antenna phase is rotated by the # receive antenna phase, before being rotated into a combined signal. The transmitter phase array antenna switches between the phase vectors derived from the rows of the matrix H (which spans the entire space). In one embodiment, the transmitter antenna array weight vector (AWV) includes 36 weighted orientations. Each transmit phase field type, the received signal is associated with the transmitted signal sequence at the selected optimal time delay, and then the complex value correlator output stone = d is used as the corresponding channel transfer function. Therefore, the sequential measurement measures the Ν_Τχ R Rx channel gain of each delay corresponding to the phase shift of the receiver, and selects the maximum energy delay (for example, cluster) as the optimal initial value. Second, #复复数通道率The vector of values is complex conjugated, and 118829.doc •28· 1378668 is multiplied by the matrix ugly. Then the angle of the complex-valued element of this vector is quantized to 2-4 bits' to form a vector of quantized phase This vector is referred to herein as an MRC-based transmitter quantized phase shift (qPS) vector (ie, transmitter AWV) and is sent back to the transmitter via a reverse radio channel (eg, the return channel described above), at the transmission On the device, it serves as a fixed transmit phase field pattern for the portion below the first repetitive operation. In one embodiment, the index of the transmitter AWV that produces the strongest signal at the receiver is also sent back to the transmission via the reverse channel. For the next part of the first repetitive operation, set the transmit phase field to be equal to the quantized phase vector calculated at the end of the last repetitive operation. That is, set the transmitter phase shift to The value calculated in the first part of the repetitive operation of the tuning of the transmitter AWV. On the other hand, setting the receiving phase field type equal to ugly, transmitting the same symbol sequence one line at a time and using the same association The program 'estimates the Sis〇 channel transfer function for each received phase field type.> In other words, the maximum energy delay at the receiver and the estimated value of the equivalent 1 X Μ channel are sequentially measured by the ι_Τχ X N-Rx channel gain. Similarly, 'iV The vectors of the complex-valued channel estimates are complex and lightly multiplied and multiplied by /ί. The complex-valued elements of this vector are then quantized into 2_4 bits' to form a quantized phase vector. The MRC based receiver quantizes the phase shift (qps) vector (ie, the receiver AWV). This AWV vector is used in the receiver as the fixed receive phase field for the next repetitive job. That is, the receiver phase shift (weight) is set to such a calculated value. Therefore 'the same step is repeated several times (for example, 3 times, 4 times, etc.), and its 118829.doc •29-1378668 alternately sets the transmit phase field type or the receive phase field type equal to the calculation from the pre-reverse operation. The quantized phase vector, while setting the mode of the opposite operation (ie, the receive or transmit mode) equal to the ugly #row-time-line 0 at the end of the repeated operation, using the calculated transmit and receive phase vectors to form The beam in the best direction. In one embodiment, the beam search (and beam tracking) signal is an OQPSK signal having a sampling frequency of Fs/2, where F^〇FDM sampling rate. In one embodiment, up to three different initial receiver qPs vectors are used to improve the performance of the optimal sampling time estimate. Moreover, in one embodiment, the implementation is performed by setting the transmitter (and receiver) weight vector to the matrix Hi n row (the next row) and by sequentially measuring the N corresponding scalar channel estimates. Order channel estimation. Each channel estimation phase is composed of an estimated time interval such that if V is the resulting i χΝ (Νχ υ estimated vector, the channel estimate is. During each timing recovery or repeated operation step, the received signal should be unsaturated or not too Degraded, in which the transmit or receive phase field type sweeps through the ugly line. Therefore 'automatic gain control (AGc) procedure is performed before each step. In the embodiment, in this AGC procedure, the same frequency is transmitted over the air. Any sequence of symbols that are wide, while changing the transmit and receive phase patterns in the same manner as the subsequent steps. Measure the received signal energy, and thus set the receiver gain to a value such that the received signal is for all transmit and receive phases The field pattern is neither saturated nor debilitated. If necessary, this procedure is repeated several times (high 3) until a suitable gain is found. 118829.doc • 30· 1378668 Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of the beam searching process described above. Phase. Referring to Figure 5, stages 501-503 represent the timing recovery phase. During these phases, 'the initial junction phase shift vector and the optimal delay are selected. In the embodiment, the transmit energy is fixed during phases 501 and 052. After phase 503, a series of repeated jobs are performed. Each of the repeated jobs consists of three blocks, wherein stage 504·506 represents once An example of a repeat job. Stage 504 is a transmit channel estimation phase using a fixed receive phase field type, which allows the receiver vector giving the maximum energy to be selected and used to estimate the channel. As shown, stage 504 is received along with The block that uses the received vector to generate the Nxl channel estimate includes automatic gain control 504A, and the transmit phase shift vector is calculated in sub-phase 5042. The operation of sub-phase 5〇42 is shown as an extension of sub-phase 52〇2 The type of block is shown (since all blocks are the same). Initially, the transmit phase shift vector is changed to H1 (sub-phase 55〇ι)' and the guard interval (gUard intervai) is inserted (sub-stage 55〇2) Compensating for phase shift delay. For changes in the transmit weight vector, the guard interval is greater than the overall delay spread minus the transmit filter delay spread. Next, the first channel (Chi) is measured (block 55) 3) After measuring the channel, change the transmit phase shift vector to H2 (sub-phase 55〇4) and have a guard interval (sub-phase 55〇5) » Next, measure the second channel (Ch2) ( Sub-phase 55〇6). This continues until the last channel ChN is measured. The transmit phase shift vector is calculated and changed after all transmit phase shift vectors have been transmitted and the channel is estimated (in preparation for estimating the receiver channel). In one embodiment During this phase, the transmitter antenna weight vector that produces the strongest received signal at the receiver is repeated more than once to allow the receiver to compensate for the various inherentities of the transmitter and receiver analog circuits. 118829.doc 31 1378668 Phase inaccuracy Sex. After the phase shift vector has been calculated, in stage 5〇5, the receiver sends it back to the transmitter. In one embodiment, the receiver additionally sends back an index of the transmitter weight vector that produces the strongest received signal to be used during the next repeated job. This can be done using the return channel. Second, the receive channel estimation phase 506 is performed using a fixed transmit phase shift vector. Each stage of the receive channel estimation phase (phase 5〇6) and other receive channel estimation stages includes an automatic gain control sub-phase (sub-phase 506J and a 1 x N channel estimation and receive phase shift vector calculation phase (sub-phase) 5〇62). The AGC block 506 is illustrated as three AGC blocks 531 (numbers 1-3) 'all of which are identical. One of these is shown in detail and is an illustration of other blocks. First, The received phase shift vector is changed to H1 (sub-phase 531 ι), and AGC is performed on the phase shift vector (block 53 IQ. Next, the received phase shift vector is changed to H2 (sub-phase 5313), and the phase shift vector is added to The AGC is executed (sub-phase 53 14). This continues for all n received phase shift vectors. At the AGC sub-phase 506, channel estimation and reception phase shift vector calculations are then performed on sub-phase 5062. Sub-phases 5〇62 The operation is in the form of a block and is the same for all of the blocks in Figure 5. Initially, the received phase shift vector is changed to H1 (sub-phase 56〇1) and the guard interval is inserted (sub-phase) 56〇2) to compensate for the phase shift delay. For the change in the receive weight vector The guard interval is greater than the overall delay spread minus the receive filter delay spread. Next, the first channel (Chl) is measured (sub-phase 56〇3). After measuring the channel, the receive phase shift vector is changed to H2 (sub-phase) 56〇4), and has a guard interval (sub-phase 56〇5). Next, measure the second channel (Ch2) (sub-stage 118829.doc • 32-1378668 56〇6). This continues until the last measurement Channel ChN. After all the received phase shift vectors have been transmitted and the channel is estimated, the received phase shift vector is calculated and changed. In one embodiment, in the case of four repeated operations, there are fourteen stages. The AGC modulates the signals transmitted during the time interval using the same modulation but does not carry the information. The AGC gain should be constant during each channel estimation phase. Changing the transmit or receive weight vector (sweeping N lines) during each phase will result in rSSI fluctuation β In this case, agc is performed for all possible vector weight vectors, the AGC level is fixed to the minimum obtained value, and then channel estimation is performed. Figure 6 shows the beam search from Figure 5. Process Special beamforming. Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of a beam search and tracking diagram on the source/transmitter. See Figure 7 'Using the oversampled pulse shaping filter 7〇2 for a BPSK beam search mode with a frequency of Fs/2 701 performs filtering, or generates a beam search mode with a frequency of 2. Then, this mode is sent to the 〇QpSK map 7〇3, which maps BPSK symbols-1 and 1 to complex qPSK symbols 1+j, respectively, and makes Q The half sample is delayed relative to the I component. The output of the OQPSK map 703 is converted to analog using Dac 704 and then filtered using an analog filter 705 prior to transmission. One example of a beam tracking algorithm In one embodiment, the beam tracking algorithm is performed by two repeated operations of the above-described repeated job beam search process (eg, the second repeated operation and the third inverse 118829.doc • 33 - 1378668 Job) composition. Figure 9 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a beam tracking process. Referring to Figure 9, in a first repetitive operation (shown as block 901), the transmit phase % is not determined to be equal to the transmit phase vector corresponding to the current beam (i.e., the transmit phase shift is set to the current estimate), At the same time, the phase field type is received as the current line delays the ugly # lines. According to this operation, the MRC-based received quantized phase shift vector is calculated. The calculated quantized phase vector is then used as a fixed receive phase field for the second repetitive operation (shown as block 9〇2), while the transmit phase field sweeps through the ugly lines and the calculation is based on MRc. The quantized phase shift vector is transmitted. In one embodiment, the transmitter phase pattern that produces the strongest received signal at the receiver is repeated more than once during this phase to allow the receiver to compensate for various phase inaccuracies inherent to the transmitter and receiver analog circuits. Sex. In each of the repeated operations, the channel transfer function of the same time delay derived during the timing recovery phase of the beam search process is estimated. The transmitter quantized phase vector (903)' calculated in these repeated jobs is then fed back for use as the transmit phase pattern. In one embodiment, the index of the weight vector that produces the strongest received signal is additionally fed back for use in the next beam tracking instance. Note that blocks 901 and 902 are described in more detail in the same manner as Figure 5 above. The same AGC procedure described above during the beam search process is performed prior to each repetitive operation to ensure that the received signal is neither saturated nor degraded during subsequent operations. These are shown in detail in Figure 9 for an exemplary AGC tuning for the same channel as the other channels. Alternative Embodiment of Beam Search Algorithm A second alternative embodiment of one of the beam search procedures is shown in FIG. See 118829.doc -34- 1378668 Figure ίο, first, a known symbol sequence for estimating the channel is transmitted over the air. Second, set the transmit phase field type to equal the ugly lines, one line at a time. For each of the transmit phase field patterns, the receive phase pattern is then set equal to # 丑 (one row at a time), resulting in a combination of different transmit and receive phase fields.

Then, the corresponding SISO channel transfer function is estimated by matching the received signal to the given symbol sequence at the optimal time delay (except that all combinations of the transmit antenna mode and the receive antenna mode should be used, the timing recovery procedure is similar to A first embodiment of the beam search process). An estimate is used to form the #matrix. Then, as in the following equation, Γ is multiplied by the transposition of Η and Η: σ = ΗΓΗτ where G is the ΜΙΜΟ channel transfer function estimate.

Then perform the following repeated work, female=1,...,from: z = c〇nj{G w. ,], Vk=qUant([Dzi,Dz2,...,nzN]) w = conj{pvkA\ uk= Quant([lD w!,□ w2,...,port wN]) where W is any initial received phase field type. Prior to the above estimation phase, an AGC procedure similar to the AGC procedure described above is performed. This measurement of the received signal energy for all combinations of transmit and phase field types and can be repeated several times as needed to ensure that the received signal is neither saturated nor degraded during the estimation period. Application In one embodiment, the beamforming scheme described above is applicable to systems operating at 57 to 64 GHz unlicensed bands. Compared to other low frequency license-free bands (such as 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz), the '60 GHz band allows the use of smaller antennas with similar antenna gains. Ideally, the '60 GHz antenna can be less than 12 times the 5 GHz antenna with the same gain. This means that a larger number of antennas can be used without substantially increasing the size of the wireless system, and thus without increasing the cost.

In addition, the measured values show that the 60 GHz band propagation channel is clustered more densely than the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. This is equivalent to saying that for this frequency band, the propagation paths can be grouped into distinct clusters. Figure U illustrates the intent of the propagation channel into a cluster. Thus, the beamforming process described above is ideally equivalent to focus propagation within a cluster having maximum gain. It can be seen that for such clustered channels, the channel capacity under the beamforming scheme described herein tends to be very close (as described in the background section, the maximum channel capacity available via multiplex transmission). In addition, the focus propagation within the cluster means that the propagation delay spread will be equal to the cluster delay spread that can be significantly lower than the overall channel delay spread.

Therefore, the proposed beamforming method is well suited for wireless applications in the 6 〇 band. It will be apparent that many variations and modifications of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art, and it should be understood that any embodiment of the present invention is not intended to be considered as having a singularity. Therefore, the reference to the details of the various embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. [Illustration of the drawings] 118829.doc • 36 · 1378668 FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a communication system Block diagram. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an integrated device. 3A and 3B illustrate various beam searching steps. Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a beam steering state machine. Figure 5 illustrates the stages of an embodiment of a beam search process. Figure 6 illustrates the particular beamforming caused by the beam search process of Figure 5. Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of a beam search and tracking map on the source/transmitter and target/receiver sides, respectively. Figure 8 is an example of a Harder code matrix. 9 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a beam tracking process. Figure 10 illustrates an alternate embodiment of a beam search process. Figure 11 illustrates the table intent of a clustered propagation channel. [Main component symbol description] Media receiver Content

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 109 110 111 Media Receiver Interface Processor Baseband Signal Processing Component Phase Array Antenna Wireless Communication Channel Interface Wireless Communication Network Wireless Communication Channel Interface Phase Array Antenna Baseband Processor Component 118829.doc •37 · 1378668

112 processor 113 media player interface 114 media player 115 display 121 control channel 122 control channel 140 transmitter device 141 receiver device 300 transceiver 301 digital baseband processing module 302 digital / analog converter 303 analog front end 304 IF amplifier 305 mixer\, multiplexer 307, quantized phase shifter 3072 quantized phase shifter 3〇7k quantized phase shifter 308! power amplifier 3082 power amplifier 3〇8k power amplifier 309! antenna element 3092 antenna element 3〇9k antenna Element 118829.doc -38- 1378668 31〇! Antenna 31〇2 Antenna 31〇k Antenna 311, Low Noise Amplifier 3112 Low Noise Amplifier 311k Low Noise Amplifier 312! Phase Shifter 3122 Phase Shifter 312k Phase Shifter 313 RF combiner 314 RF mixer 315 IF 316 analog/digital converter (ADC) 318 digital baseband processing module 320 return channel 360 control channel 370 control channel 401 acquisition (initial/idle) state 402 beam search state 403 data transfer State 501, 502, 503 Phase 504, 505, 506 Phase 504!, 5042 Subphase 5 06i ' 5062 Sub-stage 118829.doc -39- 1378668

52〇2 Sub-phase 531 AGC block 53l! ' 5312 ' 5313 ' 5314 Sub-stage 55〇! ' 5502 ' 5503 ' 5504 ' 550s ' 5506 Sub-phase 56〇! ' 5602 ' 5603 ' 5604 ' 5605 ' 5606 Sub-phase 701 BPSK Beam Search Mode 702 Filter 703 OQPSK Mapping 704 DAC 705 Analog Filter 901 Block 902 Block 903 Block 118829.doc 40-

Claims (1)

Patent application scope: 1. A method for receiving a receiver in a communication system. Performing adaptive beam steering using multiple transmitting and receiving antennas, including performing a pair of training operations repeatedly, 苴/, I ', medium Repeatedly, the pair of training exercises includes estimating a transmitter antenna array, and a column weight vector, wherein the repeated execution ": and a receiver antenna array are performed, and the pair of training operations includes repeated modification and transmission. The phase field type is received for a plurality of repeated operations. 2. The method of claim 1 for a receiver in a communication system. The receiving antennas are secreted to - one digitized path m - or the number of the plurality of digitized paths is smaller than the number of receiving antennas. X 3. As claimed in the method for a receiver in a communication system, the transmitting antennas in the basin are pure to - or a plurality of transmitting signals generating a path #, and the one or more transmitting signals in the basin generate a path The number is less than the number of emissions: number. 4: 6 items in the month! A method for a receiver in a communication system, wherein performing adaptive beam steering comprises: performing an adaptive beamforming comprising: a beam searching process to identify a beam direction; and performing a beam tracking process to transmit data The beam is tracked during the phase. . The method of claim 1 for one of the receivers of the communication system wherein the beam search process and the beam tracking process are performed at the time of the transmitter or the receiver request, or at regularly scheduled intervals. The method of claim 4 for a receiver in a communication system, wherein 2012/Ί"9 is not, the J-line replacement page is executed. The beam tracking process includes performing a single-repeating operation of the pair of training operations. : The method of claim 1 for one of the receivers in the communication system, wherein "the f operation is performed on the same multiple input multiple output (mim) channel. / / is used in one of the communication systems a receiver method, wherein the receiver performs an estimation of a transmitter antenna array weight to # and a receiver antenna array weight vector. The monthly term 8 is used in a receiver in a communication system, The step includes feeding back the estimated transmitter antenna array weight vector to the transmitter. The method of claim 1 for a receiver in a communication system, wherein weights in the antenna array weight vectors are limited to phase Move and enable and disable the antennas. The method of claim 1 for a receiver in a communication system, wherein the receiving weight is set in an estimate when estimating a weight vector of the antenna array The transmit weight vector is set when the antenna antenna array weight vector is used. For example, the method of claim 1 for the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas for performing adaptive beam steering includes repeatedly performing a set of operations, the set of operations including: (a) Based on an initial weight Cao Shengdan + 4. μ only in the sentence or phase shift vector, set one of the receiving antennas to receive the weight vector; (b) Sequentially measure the channel gain corresponding to each phase to form - first 1378668 2012/1/19 no-line replacement page group channel gain; (C) calculating a second weight vector based on the first group channel gain; (d) setting a transmit phase shift of the transmit antenna based on the second weight vector; At the receiver, sequentially measuring channel gains corresponding to the phases to form a second set of channel gains; and (f) calculating a third weight vector based on the second set of measured channel gains. The method of claim 12 for a receiver in a communication system, further comprising: estimating a first channel from the first set of channel gains, wherein calculating the first phase shift vector is based on the first channel The estimate; and Estimating a second channel from the two sets of channel gains, wherein calculating the second phase shift vector is based on the estimate of the second channel. 14. The method of claim 13 for a receiver in a communication system, Wherein the first channel is estimated to include one channel vector element at a time, wherein a certain number of sequential estimation time slots are set to a number. 15. A method for requesting a receiver in a communication system, wherein the estimation is The first channel includes using a simple matrix as a transfer matrix such that the transmit antenna weight vector is set to one of the rows of the single matrix. 16. The method of claim 13 for a receiver in a communication system, wherein the estimate The first channel includes using a Hadamard type matrix as a transfer matrix such that the transmit antenna weight vector is set to one of the Had code matrix. 17. The communication system is as claimed in claim 14. One of the receiver methods, wherein -3- 1378668 - 2012/1/19 has no scribe line replacement page, the number of sequential estimates is equal to the number of different transmit antenna weight vectors 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the number is 36. The method of claim 14, wherein the method of claim 14 is for a receiver in a communication system, wherein the sequential estimation The number is greater than the number of different transmit antenna weight vectors, and the transmit antenna core weight vector that produces the strongest received signal at the receiver is repeated more than once. 20. The method of claim 14 for a receiver in a communication system , wherein the number of sequential estimates is from -46, and the transmitter antenna weight vector that produces the strongest received signal at the receiver is repeated one time. 21. The requesting item 12 is used in one of the receivers of the communication system The method, wherein the sequence of operations further comprises transmitting a known training sequence to the receiver. 22. The method of claim 12, wherein the group of operations further comprises: when setting a receive phase shift of the receive antennas for a next repeat job, using the third phase The vector is shifted to replace the first phase shift vector, and then operations (a) through (1) are repeated. A method for a receiver in a communication system of claim 12, wherein the first, second, and third phase shift vectors are antenna array weight vectors. A method of one of the receivers, wherein the second phase shift vector is from the receiver 24. The one used in the communication system as claimed in claim 12 includes transmitting to the transmitter using a reverse channel. 25. A method for a receiver in a communication system of claim 24, wherein the 1378668 2〇12/1/i9 no scribe line replacement page has a transmission rate that is lower than a channel resulting from beamforming. 26. The method of claim 12 for a receiver in a communication system, further comprising additionally transmitting an index of a transmitter phase vector that produces a strongest received signal at the receiver during the sequential estimation of the first channel . 27. The method of claim 12, wherein the transmitter is in an idle mode with the receiver or if a beam formed between the transmitter and the receiver is blocked, Repeat this set of operations. 28. The method of claim 12 for a receiver in a communication system, wherein the group of operating operations is repeated to cause the set of operations to be performed four times. 29. The method of claim 12 for a receiver in a communication system, further comprising performing a timing recovery prior to repeatedly performing the set of operations. 30. The method of claim 12 for a receiver in a communication system, further comprising performing a delay estimate prior to repeatedly performing the set of operations to determine a reach time of the beam having the greatest gain. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the performing delay estimation comprises: transmitting, using a transmit antenna, over the air, a sequence of known symbols; and matching on a receiver via a matching chopper. This known symbol sequence. 32. A system for wireless communication, comprising: a transceiver having a first coupling to a first phase array antenna: 1378668 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 2012/1/19 without a plan a line replacement page-digit baseband processing unit; and a receiver having a second digital baseband processing unit coupled to a second phase array antenna, wherein the first-digit baseband processing unit and the second digit The baseband processing unit cooperates to perform adaptive beam steering by repeatedly performing-using a plurality of transmit and receive antennas for training, wherein the pair of training includes an estimate-transmitter antenna array weight vector and a receiver antenna array weight vector' The repeated execution of the pair of training includes repeatedly changing the transmit and receive phase patterns for a plurality of repeated operations. A system for requesting a wireless communication, wherein the receiving antennas are coupled to one or more digitized paths, and wherein the number of digitized paths is less than the number of receiving antennas. A system for requesting a wireless communication, wherein the transmitting antennas are lightly coupled to one or more transmit signal generation paths, and wherein the number of transmit signal generation paths is less than the number of transmit antennas. A system for requesting a wireless communication, wherein the first digital terrestrial processing unit cooperates with a first digital baseband processing unit to perform adaptive beam steering by: performing a beam search The process determines adaptive beamforming of a beam direction; and performs a beam tracking process to track the beam during a data transfer phase. A system for wireless communication of claim 35, wherein the beam tracking process includes performing a single iteration of the pair of trainings. A system for a wireless communication, as in claim 32, wherein the transmitter-antenna antenna array weight vector and a receiver antenna array weight are performed on the receiver-6- 1378668 2012/1/19 non-line-replacement page. Estimate of the vector. 38. The system of claim 32 for a wireless communication further comprising a feedback channel to feed the estimated transmitter antenna array weight vector to the transmitter. 39. The system of claim 32 for a wireless communication wherein the receive weight vector is set when estimating the transmitter antenna array weight vector, and the transmit weight vector is set when the receiver antenna array weight vector is estimated. 40. The system of claim 32, wherein the first digital baseband processing unit cooperates with the second digital baseband processing unit to perform an adaptive beam by using a set of repeatedly performed operations. Manipulating, the group of operations includes: U) the second digital baseband processing unit sets a receive phase shift of the receive antenna of the second phase array antenna based on a first weight vector; (b) the second digital baseband processing unit causes Channel gains corresponding to the phases are sequentially measured and form a first set of channel gains; jin (4) the second digital baseband processing unit calculates a second weight vector based on the first set of channel gains; The first-bit baseband processing unit determines a transmit phase shift of the transmit antenna of the first phased array antenna based on the second weight vector; (4) the second digital baseband processing unit causes the corresponding phase channel to be measured: the benefit is measured on the receiver and forms a second group of channel benefits; (f) the second digital baseband processing unit is based on the first Two sets of measured frequencies 1378668 • I 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 2012/1/19 mmmm track gain calculates a third weight vector. The system for requesting a wireless communication, wherein the second digital baseband processing unit estimates a first channel from the first set of channel gains, and calculates the second weight vector based on the estimate of the first channel, And additionally, wherein the first digital baseband processing unit estimates a second channel from the second group of channels, and calculates the third weight vector based on the estimate of the second channel. A system for requesting a wireless communication, wherein the second digital baseband processing unit estimates the first channel by estimating one channel vector element at a time, wherein a certain number of sequential estimation time slots are set to - number . A system for requesting a wireless communication, wherein the second digital baseband processing unit estimates the first channel by using a simple matrix as a transfer matrix such that a transmit antenna weight vector is set to the single The matrix of the line. The system for requesting a wireless communication, wherein the second digital baseband processing unit estimates the first channel by using a Had code matrix as a transition matrix, so that the transmit antenna weight vector is set. For the Had code to get the matrix line. A system for a wireless communication of claim 41, wherein the reflector antenna weight vector that produces the strongest received signal at the receiver is repeated more than once. The system of claim 40 for a wireless communication, wherein the group of operations further comprises the second digital baseband processing unit being configured for the next repeated operation. 46. J37866B 2012/1/19 ___ When the phase shift is received, the third weight vector is used instead of the first weight vector 'and then operations (a) through (f) are repeated. 47. The system of claim 40 for a wireless communication, further comprising a return channel, wherein the second digital baseband processing unit transmits the second weight vector from the receiver to the transmitter using the return channel . 48. The system of claim 47, wherein the second digital baseband processing unit uses the return channel to generate a strongest received signal on the receiver during the continuous evaluation of the first channel. An index of the transmit phase shift vector is sent from the receiver to the transmitter. 49. The system of claim 32 for use in a wireless communication, wherein the return channel has a transmission rate that is lower than a beamforming channel generated from beamforming. 50. The system of claim 40, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are in an idle mode or if a beam formed between the transmitter and the receiver is blocked, the group is repeatedly executed. operating. 5 1. A system for wireless communication as claimed in claim 4, wherein the group of operations performs four repeated operations. A system for wireless communication of claim 40, wherein the first baseband processing unit cooperates with the second digital baseband processing unit it to perform timing recovery prior to performing the set of operations. A system for a wireless communication, such as the monthly finding 40, wherein the first number of fundamental frequency processing units cooperate with the second digital baseband processing unit to perform delay estimation to determine before overwriting the set of operations The arrival time of the beam with the largest benefit. For example, the system for wireless communication, wherein the first number 52 double 1 53 54 1378668 . · 2012/1/19 unlined page base frequency processing unit and the second digital base frequency The processing unit cooperates to perform delay estimation by: causing the first digital baseband processing unit to cause the first phase array antenna to transmit a sequence of known symbols over the air; and the second digital baseband processing unit causes the known symbol The sequence is matched on the receiver via a matched filter. 55. A transmitter for communicating with a receiver, the transmitter comprising: a processor; and a phased array beamforming antenna, wherein the processor includes a first means for controlling the antenna to repeat Performing a set of training operations to perform adaptive beam steering using multiple transmit antennas in conjunction with the receive antenna of the receiver' includes repeatedly changing the transmit and receive phase patterns for a plurality of repeated operations; a first means for setting the receive One of the receivers receives the antenna array weight vector and a transmitter antenna array weight vector is exchanged between the weight vectors and a set of weight vectors, such that the phase array beamforming antenna transmits a first during operation of one of the set of training operations Training sequence, and further; a second means for causing the phase during operation of another of the set of training operations when a transmitter antenna array weight vector is set to a portion of the process of discriminating the receive antenna array weight vector The array beamforming antenna transmits a second training sequence. A receiver for communicating with a transmitter, the receiver comprising: a processor; and 56. 1378668 • a 2012/1/19 phase array beamforming antenna, wherein the processor includes - first, controlling the antenna To perform adaptive beam steering using multiple receive antennas by repeatedly performing a set of training operations in conjunction with the transmit antenna of the transmitter' including repeatedly changing the transmit and receive phase patterns for a plurality of repeated operations; During a process for estimating a transmit antenna array weight inward, when setting a receive antenna weight vector, the transmitter is configured to transmit a first training sequence during operation of one of the set of training operations. Receiving an antenna array weight vector, and further; a second means for calculating the reception during operation of another of the set of training operations when the transmitter transmits a second training sequence when setting the transmitter antenna array weight vector Antenna array weight vector. 57. The method of claim 1, wherein the repeatedly changing transmit and receive phase field patterns converge toward an optimum value corresponding to one of beam directions for beamforming. 58. The system of claim 32 for a wireless communication, wherein the repeatedly changing the transmit and receive phase field pattern converges to an optimum value corresponding to one of the beam directions for beamforming. -11 -