1376309 2012年8月〆日_修正替換頁_無劃線版 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種防水隔熱土布，特別是關於一種由未利用資源與 事業廢棄物所製成而不膨脹之防水隔熱土布》 【先前技術】 目前市面上常見的防水土布係地工皂土毯(Geosynthetic Clay Liners，GCL)，其係由皂土與地工織物或不透水布組成。皂土係一種可膨脹 的黏土’當此類黏土遇水時其體積會膨脹數倍，因此可達到阻水或減少液 體渗流通過之功效。 然而，利用可膨脹性黏土或皂土所製成之防水土布大多僅應用於大地 工程或建築物地下工轾等容許防水層產生體積變化之處，而建築物屋頂、 内部或侧面則無法使用。 至於未利用資源與事業廢棄物’係包括工程開挖沉泥、高含水量黏土、 水庫或河川等疏浚於泥以及下水道、自來水廠或其他工業污泥，其中工程 開挖沉泥、高含水量黏土、水庫或河川等疏溲游泥係屬於未利用資源；而 下水道、自來水廠或其他工業污泥係屬於事業廢棄物。而上述未利用資 源與事業廢棄物又可依其成分的特性，區分為黏土質土壌（可進一步 分區分為膨脹性黏土與不易膨脹黏土）及不具膨脹性之粉土質土壤。對於 延些未利用資源與事業廢棄物的湘，於分峨bq9b·(固體 廢物之破壞或將固體廢物轉變為有用或無害的物品)及C()4卿州混合廢 物）中有所記載。相關的先前技術說明如下： ,1·公告職159770「㈣質之混合物中裂取組份、元素或化合物的 方法」，即是較污染之泥土、煤、爐渣'塵及污泥等 化合物等方法。 、捉深7L常 2·公告編號397718「以產業廢棄物及未利用資源為主原料所製造之 5 1376309 、 2〇12年8月〆日_修正替換頁_無劃線版 ”有連續貫if孔之燒結體及其製造方法」，即是將玻璃質爐逢 、垃圾焚化 爐逢、下水道污泥焚化爐逢、頁岩、珍珠岩、黑曜石、衛㈣究器肩及究 碑肩等，與水泥、飛灰_土等燒結成具連續貫通孔塊體。 3· a告編號409078「廢棄物處理的方法與裝置」，將固態、液態或混 。廢棄物包括下水道游泥、油污泥，一般的垃圾及液態毒性金屬廢棄物 等’與黏土、石灰及水等齡，製造餘狀物後，經高溫峨成成品。 公告峨避76「灰麟棄錄速合㈣^之方法及其設備」，將 ☆成灰/一等物質’與石夕酸鹽溶液及陽離子界面活性劑等混合，再經調整酸 驗度後，高溫煅燒成沸石結構物。 5,公告職57G844「聽·物之加祕理裝置及其方法」，此項雖 為處理裝置及方法賴，但可知此贿狀廢錢，包含域魏爐排出的 焚燒灰及飛灰、含有有_化物的物質、藉由上水或下水處理所產生之殘 邊及污泥、有機物、有機醜物、含有重金屬的砂、土壌、川底砂、湖底 泥、海底泥及泥餘廢土等，多雜由加熱處理。 一上述關於廢棄物彻的技術，均需經過高溫加熱或炮燒等過程，例如， =泥經過超過5〇〇度高溫處理，以燒結成塊狀或粒狀之成品,了耗費 月b源外’還會造成環境的污染’例如增加二氧化碳的排放量。 有鑒於此’本案發明人已於第1263624號之說明書之中揭露一種防水粒 料，其主要係由水庫於泥(即一種無機礦物混合物)經一種改質的技術 面具有厭水·。此改質撕係在常溫下，因此能減少二氧化碳的產2 此外’細雜«、成本雜低。然，由於此改㈣法僅適合屬於 泥。對於含高嶺土、粉土等非膨脹性於泥資源及事業廢棄物， 並“有越理。，本發明人欲進—步將未_資源與事麵 【發明内容】 2012年8月/日_修正替換頁 .無劃線版 體 本發明之-主要目的騎未利„賴事業廢棄減質成疏水性粉 臉脹Γ將此疏水性粉體製成防水隔熱土布’由於此疏水性粉體係不具 作為阻水或防水之用。朝於建築物屋頂、内部或側面以 本發明之另-主要目的係將未_魏與事f廢棄物經“種以上改 ==性=不具膨脹性她成的母材其表面及結構皆具有疏 對1膨b/…叹顺佳物水姐，其帽離子界面活‘_主要針 。>脹健泥，表面改性劑則針對不具膨脹性之於泥。 本發:之又—主要目_利用未彻資源與事業廢棄物來製成防水 產生、。，其在製造巾不需經過高溫處理，因此相減少二氧化碳的 本發」月之再-主要目的係利用未利用f源與事業廢棄物來製成防水 ^布’其在施4程中粉體不會四處飛揚，因此可以避免環境的汗染 取人員的傷害。 ^明之再另一主要目的係利用未利用資源與事業廢棄物來製成防 7 '，，、土布’除了能解決概_的問題，亦能有效地再廢棄資源。 本發明之又—主要目的係彻未利用資源與事業廢棄物來製成防水 土布’因其具有透氣性，故可以有效地增加防水隔熱土布之壽命。 本發明之還有-主要目的係利用未利用資源與事業廢棄物來製成防 7隔熱土布，因其具有耐海水性，故可以有效地增加防水隔熱土布之耐 臨勒B月之另—主要目的係利用未利用資源與事業廢棄物來製成防水 。“、、土布’其布體為可分解材質，當鋪設於布體基底層下方構造體發生穿 縫，疏水粉體會將其填補，使裂縫閉合而不發生渗漏。 ^ 為達上述之各項目的’本發明揭露—種不具膨脹性的防水隔熱土 ’其主要由基底層、覆蓋層及疏水性粉體層所組成，其中’基底層 1376309 一 2012年8月垆曰-修正替換頁-無劃線版 及覆蓋層係一種襯材，例如：非編織纖維(n〇n_w〇ven fabHcs)材料編 織纖維（woven fabrics)材料、編結纖維材料或紙等，而固定於基底 層與覆蓋層之間的疏水性粉體層則是由疏水性粉體所組成其係由 未利用資源與事業廢棄物經陽離子界面活性劑及表面改性劑改質 處理而成。 上述之疏水性粉體是與黏結劑混合之後固定於基底層與覆蓋層之間，以 形成二層結構之土布，其中由未利用資源與事業廢棄物改質而製成的疏水 性粉體層，係具有防水的功能，而基底層與覆蓋層因材料具低熱傳導性， 故具有隔熱的功能。 此外，當上述之基底層及覆蓋層有一層係非編織纖維材料時，則疏 ® 水性粉體層、基底層及覆蓋層所形成的結構可以利用針乾法固定，-將非編織纖維材料其纖維涸定到另一端襯材，使基底層和覆蓋層-之間形成複數個加勁纖維f，加勁纖維除了能固定基底層與覆蓋層 外’也使疏水性粉體固定於基底層與覆蓋層之間。且，由於疏水 性粉體會在針軋過程中移動並固定到基底層及覆蓋層本身之中，使得 基底層與覆蓋層本身也會具有疏水的能力。 . 依據上述所揭露之防水隔熱土布，可以明顯看出本發明之一主要特 - 徵係：防水隔熱土布所使用的疏水性粉體係由未利用資 · 脹性淤泥與不膨脹性淤泥組成的母材其表面及結構皆具有疏水性有機分 子，因此使本發明之防水隔熱土布具有較佳的防水功效。 刀 本發明之另-主要特徵係：卩林隔熱土布所制的疏水性缝係不具膨 脹性的，因財防水隔熱土糊設於賴物屋頂或側面作為阻^ 用時’不會因膨脹不均破壞保護層及修飾面材，而造成地面或斜面 南低起伏。 本發明之再-主要特徵係：p方水隔熱土布係使用針軋法將疏水性粉體固 ⑧ 1376309 2012年8月〆日_修正替換頁一無劃線版 定於基底層與覆蓋層之間，由於本發明所使用的疏水性粉體係不具膨脹 性’因此複數個加勁纖維係可以穩定地固定疏水性粉體。 【實施方式】 為使本發明所運用之技術内容、發明目的及其達成之功效有更完整且 清楚的揭露，茲於下詳細說明之，並請一併參考所揭之圖示及圖號： 首先，S青參考第1圖所示，係本發明利用未利用資源與事業廢棄物製 成防水隔熱土布之方法步驟：1376309 8 8 8 _ 修正 修正 修正 修正 修正 修正 修正 修正 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth made without expansion [Prior Art] Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL), which is commonly used in the market, is made of bentonite and geotextile or impervious cloth. composition. Bentonite is a kind of swellable clay. When such clays meet water, their volume will expand several times, so they can achieve water blocking or reduce the effect of liquid seepage. However, most of the waterproof soil cloth made of expandable clay or bentonite is used only for earthwork or underground work of buildings to allow the volume of the waterproof layer to change, but the roof, interior or side of the building cannot be used. As for unutilized resources and commercial wastes, the project includes excavation of mud, high-water content clay, reservoirs or rivers, dredging in mud and sewers, waterworks or other industrial sludge, in which excavation of mud and high water content Dredging muds such as clay, reservoirs or rivers are unused resources; sewers, waterworks or other industrial sludges are commercial waste. The above-mentioned unused resources and commercial wastes can be classified into clay soils (which can be further divided into expansive clays and non-expandable clays) and non-expanding silty soils according to the characteristics of their components. For the extension of some unused resources and commercial waste, it is recorded in the division of bq9b (destruction of solid waste or conversion of solid waste into useful or harmless goods) and C () 4 mixed state waste. The related prior art descriptions are as follows: 1) Announcement 159770 "Method for cracking components, elements or compounds in a mixture of (4) masses" is a method of contaminating soil, coal, slag 'dust and sludge, etc. , Catch the depth of 7L Chang 2 · Announcement No. 397718 "5 1376309 made of industrial waste and unused resources as the main raw material, the next day of August, _ revised replacement page _ no line version" has continuous per The sintered body of the hole and the manufacturing method thereof, that is, the glass furnace, the garbage incinerator, the sewage sludge incinerator, the shale, the perlite, the obsidian, the Wei (four) researcher shoulder and the inscription shoulder, etc., and the cement , fly ash _ soil, etc. are sintered into a continuous through-hole block. 3· a No. 409078 “Method and Apparatus for Waste Disposal”, which will be solid, liquid or mixed. Waste includes sewer mud, oil sludge, general garbage and liquid toxic metal waste, etc., and the age of clay, lime and water, after making the residue, the product is finished at high temperature. Announcement to avoid 76 "Graylin discarding speed (4) ^ method and equipment", mixing ☆ ash / first-class substance with lithium salt solution and cationic surfactant, and then adjusting acidity , high temperature calcination into zeolite structure. 5, Announcement 57G844 "Listening device and method for listening to things", although this is the processing device and method, but it can be known that this bribe waste, including the incineration ash and fly ash discharged from the domain Wei furnace, contains a substance with a substance, a residual edge produced by treatment with water or sewage, sludge, organic matter, organic ugly matter, sand containing heavy metals, earthworms, bottom sand, lake bottom mud, seabed mud and mud waste soil, etc. Many impurities are treated by heat. All of the above techniques concerning waste are subject to high temperature heating or gun burning. For example, = mud is processed at a high temperature of more than 5 degrees to form a finished product in the form of a block or a granule. 'Also causes environmental pollution' such as increased carbon dioxide emissions. In view of the above, the inventors of the present invention have disclosed a waterproof pellet in the specification of No. 1263624, which is mainly caused by the water in the mud (i.e., an inorganic mineral mixture) through a modified technical surface. This modified tearing system is at a normal temperature, so that the production of carbon dioxide can be reduced, and the cost is low. However, since this (4) method is only suitable for belonging to the mud. For non-expansive mud resources and business wastes containing kaolin, silt, etc., and "have more and more. The inventor wants to enter the step - no resources and events [invention content] August 2012 / day _ Correction replacement page. Unlined version of the body of the present invention - the main purpose of riding the unprofitable 赖 事业 废弃 废弃 废弃 减 减 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 Γ 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水Not used as water or water resistance. To the roof, interior or side of the building, the main purpose of the present invention is to have the surface of the base material and the structure of the base material which has not been expanded by the above-mentioned changes. Sparse 1 expansion b / ... sigh shuangjia Shui sister, its cap ion interface live '_ main needle.> Swollen mud, surface modifier is for the non-expansive nature of the mud.目 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The waste is made into a waterproof cloth. The powder does not fly around during the application, so it can avoid the injury of the environment. Another major purpose of Mingzhi is to use the unused resources and business waste to make the defense. In addition to solving the problem of the general situation, it can effectively abandon resources. Further, the main object of the present invention is to make a waterproof soil cloth without using resources and business waste. Because of its gas permeability, it can effectively increase the life of the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth. The present invention is also directed to the use of unutilized resources and commercial waste to produce an anti-skinned soil cloth. Because of its seawater resistance, it can effectively increase the resistance of the waterproof and heat-insulated soil cloth to the Liner B month. - The main purpose is to make waterproof from unused resources and commercial waste. ",, soil cloth' is a decomposable material. When the structure is laid under the base layer of the cloth body, the structure is pierced, and the hydrophobic powder fills it, so that the crack is closed without leakage. ^ To achieve the above items The invention discloses a non-expandable waterproof and heat-insulating soil which is mainly composed of a base layer, a cover layer and a hydrophobic powder layer, wherein the 'base layer 1376309 - August 2012 垆曰 - corrected replacement page - The non-lined plate and the cover layer are a lining material, for example, a non-woven fabric (n〇n_w〇ven fabHcs) material woven fabrics material, braided fiber material or paper, etc., and fixed to the base layer and the cover layer. The hydrophobic powder layer is composed of hydrophobic powder, which is modified from unused resources and commercial waste by cationic surfactant and surface modifier. The above hydrophobic powder is After the binder is mixed, it is fixed between the base layer and the cover layer to form a two-layer structure soil cloth, wherein the hydrophobic powder layer made by modifying the unused resources and the commercial waste has a waterproof function, and The bottom layer and the cover layer have a heat-insulating function due to the low thermal conductivity of the material. In addition, when the base layer and the cover layer have a layer of non-woven fiber material, the water-based powder layer, the base layer and the cover layer are The formed structure can be fixed by needle dry method, the fiber of the non-woven fiber material is kneaded to the other end lining material, and a plurality of stiffening fibers f are formed between the base layer and the cover layer, and the stiffening fiber can fix the base layer. And the outer layer of the cover layer also fixes the hydrophobic powder between the base layer and the cover layer. Moreover, since the hydrophobic powder moves and fixes into the base layer and the cover layer itself during the pin rolling process, the base layer and the base layer The cover layer itself also has the ability to be hydrophobic. According to the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth disclosed above, it is apparent that one of the main features of the present invention is: the hydrophobic powder system used for waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth is not utilized. · The base material composed of the swellable sludge and the non-swelling sludge has hydrophobic organic molecules on its surface and structure, so that the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth of the present invention has better waterproof effect. The other main feature of the invention is that the hydrophobic joint made of Yulin heat-insulating soil cloth is not expansive, and the water-proof and heat-insulating soil paste is provided on the roof or side of the material as a resistance. Uneven expansion damages the protective layer and modifies the surface material, causing the ground or the slope to be low in the south. The re-main feature of the present invention is: p-water-insulating soil cloth is used to fix the hydrophobic powder by needle rolling 8 1376309 2012 August _ _ correction replacement page - no scribe line is set between the base layer and the cover layer, because the hydrophobic powder system used in the present invention is not expansive', so a plurality of stiffening fibers can stably fix the hydrophobic powder [Embodiment] In order to make the technical content, the object of the invention and the effects thereof achieved by the present invention more fully and clearly disclosed, it will be described in detail below, and please refer to the illustrated diagram and figure together. No. First, as shown in Figure 1 of the S Green, the method steps of the present invention for making waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth using unused resources and commercial waste are as follows:
1.加水攪拌並分離雜質：‘於常溫下，在未利用資源與事業廢棄物材料 中加入1〜1GG倍重量的水，鱗材料使其均勻地分散在水中並加以過遽以 去除雜質； 2·添加陽離子界面活性劑：添加陽離子界面活性劑以進行改質，其添 =量係未糊資源與事業廢棄物之重量百分比G 跳，本發明使用之 陽離子界面活性劑係有機胺鹽類、第四級錢鹽類、三统基苯甲銨鹽、 烷基吡啶鹽、聚乙烯聚胺脂肪酸醯胺鹽； 3. 添加表面改性劑改質：添加表面改性劑以進行改質，其添加量係未 利用資源與事業廢棄物之重量百分比讀％〜·，本發明使用之表面改性 劑包括有：高級脂肪酸、高級脂肪酸鹽、石夕院偶聯劑、欽酸醋偶聯劑、 ㈣㈣· ' _酸鹽偶聯劑、有機低聚物或有機石夕等改質劑； 4. 去除水分並研磨以製成疏水性粉體：將改質後的未利用資源與事業 廢棄物材料其水分去除並研磨成適#粒徑疏水性粉體，如第2圖所示，係 本發明之疏水性粉體其粒徑分布圖，顯示當累積通過百分比為观時，宜 相對應的粒徑大小約為2〇μιη ; ” 5.可進一步將疏水性粉體與編織纖維（w0ven fabrics)材料或非編 纖維（跡術nfabrics)材料或不透水布製成防水隔熱土布。 办ώ在此要制制’上述未彻及事#廢棄物，其中未利用資源 “於水庫H/5r道純、湖底魏、海絲泥、營劇餘土方或其 1376309 2012年8月/曰_修正替換頁_無劃線版 合’事業廢棄物可來自淨水廠污泥、下水道污泥、漿紙污泥、石材污泥、 廢鑄砂或其組合。未利用資源及事業廢棄物主要是由氧化矽 (0· 1 %〜90% )、氧化銘（〇.! %〜8〇% )、氧化鐵（〇%〜5〇% )及氧化鹤 (0%〜50%)等化學成分所組成。此外，未利用資源及事業廢棄物主要係 由下列礦物所組合而成：蒙脫土（montmoriu〇nite)、皂土（sap〇nite)、 富紹蒙脫土（beidellite)、石夕鐵石（nontronite)、裡皂土（hectorite)、 斯皂土（stevensite)、蛭石（vermiculite)、管狀高嶺土（halloysite)、絹 雲母（sericite)、白雲母（muscovite )、黑雲母（biotite)、雲母（mica)、 凹凸棒石（attapulgite) ' 滑石（talc)、葉臘石（pyrophyllite)、高嶺土 (kaolinite)' 伊利土（illite)、矽灰石（w〇iiastonite)、粉土（Siit)、石英 (Quartz)、蛇紋石（Sperntipe)、鐵輝石（Ferrosilite)及長石（Feldspar)。 上述經改質後所得到的疏水性粉體係具有疏水的特性；如第3圖 所示，係粉體改質前後之紅外線光譜圖。當粉體改質後，反映粉 體表面0-H鍵振動之3430cm·1峰較為平緩，而反映有機官能基 C-H鍵振動之2928cm·1及2876cm_1處有產生新峰，表示改質劑 已於粉體表面發生物理化學變化，使得粉體表面已有機疏水化。 接著，請參考第4圖’係本發明之疏水粉體改質前後之X射線繞射 分析圖。如第4圖所示，由X射線繞射分析可知，未利用資源與事 業廢棄物中所含成分非常複雜，有非黏土礦物之石英（Quartz )及 黃鐵礦（Pyrite)等，亦有其他黏土礦物，如具膨脹性之蒙脫土 (Montmorillonite)，及不具膨脹性之鐵輝石（Ferrosilite)與蛇紋石 (Spem-tine)等。而層狀且含水層之矽酸鹽礦物，其晶面間有一定 的距離，稱為層間距離，用d001值表示，此峰位置之變化即代表 層間距離之變化。d001值會隨著層間離子的不同而改變，用以區 分層間離子種類或有機分子，如圖4所示，粉體改質前 2θ=6·56°(ί1001 = 13_47 A) ’ 而改質後 20= 6.38°(d001 = 13.85 A) ’ 層間 1376309 2012年8月〆日-粧替換 距離有增大之現象，表示含膨脹性黏土之黏土層間，有機改質劑 分子已經插層進入，並使得黏土層間亦變成疏水性。因此由疏 水性粉體所形成的疏水性粉體層，即是一種防水層。 而由於疏水性粉體之間具有細微之空隙，可以使空氣流通， 因此本發明之疏水性粉體層係具有透氣性。而此空隙係小於水滴 且大於水蒸氣，因此可以使本發明之疏水性粉體層同時具有防水 性與透氣性。當然，當所使用的疏水性粉體層愈厚時，其防水效1. Add water to stir and separate impurities: 'At room temperature, add 1~1GG times of water to the unused resources and commercial waste materials. The scale material is evenly dispersed in water and smashed to remove impurities; 2 · Adding a cationic surfactant: adding a cationic surfactant to be modified, the amount of addition is the weight percentage of the unpaste resource and the commercial waste, and the cationic surfactant used in the present invention is an organic amine salt, Quaternary money salt, triphenyl benzoyl ammonium salt, alkyl pyridinium salt, polyethylene polyamine fatty acid guanamine salt; 3. Adding surface modifier to modify: adding surface modifier for modification, adding The amount of unutilized resources and commercial waste is read as %~·, and the surface modifier used in the present invention includes: higher fatty acid, higher fatty acid salt, Shi Xiyuan coupling agent, vinegar vinegar coupling agent, (4) (4) · ' _ acid salt coupling agent, organic oligomer or organic stone tempering agent; 4. Remove moisture and grind to make hydrophobic powder: the modified unused resources and commercial waste materials Moisture removal Grinding into a particle size hydrophobic powder, as shown in Fig. 2, is a particle size distribution diagram of the hydrophobic powder of the present invention, showing that when the cumulative percentage of passage is observed, the corresponding particle size is about 2〇μιη ; ” 5. The hydrophobic powder and woven fiber (w0ven fabrics) material or non-woven fabric (nfabrics) material or impervious cloth can be further made into waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth. The above is not a thorough matter #废物, which does not use resources "in the reservoir H/5r road pure, lake bottom Wei, Haisi mud, camp drama residual earth or its 1376309 August 2012 / 曰 _ correction replacement page _ no line The version of 'business waste' can come from water purification plant sludge, sewage sludge, pulp paper sludge, stone sludge, waste cast sand or a combination thereof. Unutilized resources and business waste are mainly composed of cerium oxide (0·1%~90%), oxidized Ming (〇.! %~8〇%), iron oxide (〇%~5〇%) and oxidized crane (0 %~50%) consists of chemical components. In addition, unused resources and commercial waste are mainly composed of the following minerals: montmoriu〇nite, sap〇nite, beidelite, and nontronite. ), hectorite, stevensite, vermiculite, tubular kaolin (salcite), sericite, muscovite, biotite, mica , attapulgite 'talc, talcite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite' illite, w〇iiastonite, silt, quartz (Quartz) , Serpentipe, Ferrosilite and Feldspar. The hydrophobic powder system obtained by the above modification has hydrophobic characteristics; as shown in Fig. 3, the infrared spectrum of the powder before and after the modification. When the powder is modified, the peak of 3430 cm·1 reflecting the vibration of the 0-H bond on the surface of the powder is relatively gentle, while the new peak of 2928 cm·1 and 2876 cm_1 reflecting the vibration of the organic functional group CH bond indicates that the modifier has been Physical and chemical changes occur on the surface of the powder, so that the surface of the powder has been organically hydrophobized. Next, please refer to Fig. 4' for an X-ray diffraction analysis chart before and after the modification of the hydrophobic powder of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4, X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the resources used in the unused resources and commercial waste are very complicated, and there are other non-clay mineral quartz (Quartz) and pyrite (Pyrite). Clay minerals, such as the expansive Montmorillonite, and the non-expanding Ferrosilite and Spem-tine. The silicate minerals in the layered and aquifer have a certain distance between the crystal faces, called the interlayer distance, which is represented by the value of d001. The change of the position of the peak represents the change of the distance between the layers. The d001 value will change with the interlayer ions to distinguish the interlayer ion species or organic molecules. As shown in Fig. 4, before the powder is modified, 2θ=6·56° (ί1001 = 13_47 A) ' 20= 6.38°(d001 = 13.85 A) ' Interlayer 1376309 August 2012 - The makeup replacement distance has increased, indicating that the organic modifier molecules have been intercalated between the clay layers containing the expansive clay and The clay layers also become hydrophobic. Therefore, the hydrophobic powder layer formed of the hydrophobic powder is a waterproof layer. Further, since the hydrophobic powder has fine voids therebetween, air can be circulated, and therefore the hydrophobic powder layer of the present invention has gas permeability. Further, since the void is smaller than water droplets and larger than water vapor, the hydrophobic powder layer of the present invention can simultaneously have water repellency and gas permeability. Of course, when the hydrophobic powder layer used is thicker, its waterproof effect
果會愈好。此外，由於疏水性粉體層之改質技術係在常溫下進行，因此 可以減少二氧化碳的產生。The better it will be. Further, since the upgrading technique of the hydrophobic powder layer is carried out at normal temperature, the generation of carbon dioxide can be reduced.
上述經改質後所得到的疏水性粉體，利用其表面具有疏水分子之 特性，達到不易被水浸调，且體積穩定之效果，因此可防止海水中 两價陽離子之侵害。而先前技術皂土毯其膨脹性土體層間為—價 之鈉離子’容易與水親合且吸附大量的水，使得黏土層間膨腸數 倍以達到降低滲透性之目的，但若皂土毯與海水接觸，海水中擁 有較高離子交換能力之妈、鎂等二價以上的陽離子，會將息土層 間鈉離子交換出來，使得皂土制韻之水分齡，故觸海水之矣土 膨馳^低’同_透性升高，4土毯魏也就失效。 其人咐參考第5圖所不’係本發明一種不具膨脹之防水隔熱土布之 卜本發明之防水嶋土布，財具祕的，主要係由基底層10 幽總她&體層20所組成，其中，基底層10係、—種襯材，例如：非編 品· ··材料、編織纖維材料'編結纖維材料或紙等，而固定於基底 二/方=疏水性㈣層2G則是由疏水性粉體21所組成，其係 1用貝源與事業廢棄物經上料丨圖之陽離子界面活性劑及 表面改性劑改質處理而成。 上述之&水性粉體21與基底層10的結合方式，係先在基底層⑺ 表面塗佈鄉結劑（未顯示於财），再將疏水性粉體η固定 11 1376309 2012年8月〆曰_修正替換頁-無劃線版 於基底層10上方，以形成一層結構之防水隔熱土布1〇〇。其中，未利 用資源與事業廢棄物改質而製成的疏水性粉體層20，係具有防水以及透 氣的功能，而基底層10因材料具有低熱傳導性，故本發明之防水隔熱土布 100也具有隔熱的功能。很明顯地’上述之基底層10亦可以是一不透水 材質，可以增加本發明的防水功效。又，上述之基底層10亦可以是 一可分解材質，當基底層10下方構造體發生裂縫時，疏水粉體21 會將其填補，使裂縫閉合避免滲漏。 由於在本實施例中所使用的之疏水性粉體層20係被黏結劑所黏著， 故在施工時，可以避免疏水性粉體21四處飛揚而造成環境的污染或人體 的傷害。 接著，請參考第6圖所示，係本發明之另一種不具膨脹之防水隔熱土 布之側面圖。此防水隔熱土布.200之特徵在於不會膨脹，其主要係由基底 層10、覆蓋層30及疏水性粉體層20所組成，其中，基底層1〇及覆 蓋層30係一種襯材，例如：.非編織纖維材料、編織纖維材料、編結 纖維材料或紙等，而固定於基底層1〇與覆蓋層30之間的疏水性 粉體層20則是由疏水性粉體21所組成，其係由未利用資源與事 業廢棄物經陽離子界面活性劑及表面改性劑改質處理而成。由於 疏水性粉體21間仍然具有細微之空隙，可以使空氣流通，因此本 發明之疏水性粉體層20同時具有防水性與透氣性。 上述之疏水性粉體21可以是與黏結劑（未顯示於圖中）混合 之後固定於基底層10與覆蓋層3〇之間，以形成三層結構之防水隔 熱土布200’其中由未利用資源與事業廢棄物改質而製成的疏水性粉體 層2〇，係具有防水及透氣的功能，而基底層1〇與覆蓋層3〇因均為低熱 傳導性材料，故本發明之土布200也具有隔熱的功能。而上述之基底層ι〇 與覆盍層30亦可以是一不透水材質，使本發明更具有防水的功效。 又，上述之基底層10亦可以是一可分解材質，當基底層1〇下方構造 1376309 2012年8月声曰_修正替換頁一無劃線版 體發生裂缝時，疏水粉體21會將其填補，使裂縫閉合避免滲漏。 此外’由於在本實施例中所使用的之疏水性粉體層20已經被基底層 10與覆盡層30包覆並被黏結劑黏固’故可以避免疏水性粉體21四 處飛揚而造成環境的污染或人體的傷害。 其次，請參閱第7圖所示，係本發明又另一種不具膨脹之防水隔熱土 布之側面圖。本發明之防水隔熱土布300之特徵在於不會膨脹，其主要係 由基底層1〇、覆蓋層30及疏水性粉體層20所組成，上述之基底層 10及覆盖層30係一種概材，例如：非編織纖維材料、編織纖維材料、 編結纖維材料或紙等，但是基底層1〇及覆蓋層3〇這二層中至少 要有一層是非編織纖維材料，而固定於基底層1〇與覆蓋層3〇之 間的疏水性粉體層20則是由未利用資源與事業廢棄物經陽離子界 面活性劑及表面改性劑改質處理而成》 上述之基底層10及覆蓋層30因為有一層是非編織纖維材 料，因此將疏水性粉體層20、基底層1〇及覆蓋層3〇所形成之三 層結構經過一針軋機時，針軋機可以將非編織纖維材料勾住並固定 到另一襯材，使基底層10和覆蓋| 3〇之間形成複數個加勁纖維 40’此加勁纖維40除了固定基底層1()與覆蓋層扣外，也使疏水 性粉體21較於基底層1()與覆蓋層3〇之間。很明顯地，本實施 例與第6圖之實施例的差異在於形成防水隔熱土布的方式不同。 由於疏水㈣體21是被加雜維4M|㈣蚊於基底層ι〇 與覆蓋層30之間，因此可以阻擋水份的渗流或通過，而由於疏水性粉 體21之間仍有空隙，因此也可容許空氣的排出。基底層1〇與覆蓋層 則因材料具健料，故具有隔熱的功能。耐本實細_，由於疏水 性粉體21在針軋過程中會移動並固定到基底層ι〇及覆蓋層3〇本身 之中使得基底層1〇與覆蓋層30本身也會具有疏水的能力。 此卜由於疏水f生卷體層2〇係被加勁纖維固定於基底層1〇與 13 1376309 2012年8月芦日_修正替換頁_無劃線版 覆蓋層30之間，因此在做防水或阻水施工時，可以避免疏水性粉 體21四處飛揚而造成周圍環境的污染或人體的傷害。又，上述之基底層 10亦可以是一可分解材質’當基底層10下方構造體發生裂縫時，疏 水性粉體21會將其填補，使裂縫閉合避免滲漏。 為了使本創作之防水隔熱土布1〇〇, 2〇〇, 300在製造、搬運以及施工 時更便利，可以將防水隔熱土布1〇〇, 2〇〇, 3〇〇製作成一定尺寸的片狀物， 例如：45公分見方、90公分見方、1公尺見方或2公尺寬4公尺長等。抑 或是將防水隔熱土布1〇〇, 2〇〇, 300做成捲材，使其寬度為標準寬度或較常 使用的寬度，而長度則較無限制，例如：寬約i至5公尺，長約25至1〇〇 公尺之捲材。此外，也可以依客戶的需求，進行客製化之製造。因此，我 們對於本發明之防水隔熱土布1〇〇 2〇〇 3〇〇其尺寸及形狀均未加以限制。 均然’對於防水隔熱土布1〇〇.2〇〇,3〇〇中的疏水性粉體層2〇之厚度也沒有 如以限制。 接著，進一步揭露本發明之防水隔熱土布1〇〇, 2〇〇，3〇〇的應 用:請參考第8圖所示，可以利用本發明之防水隔熱土布2〇〇在 建築物的頂層部、基礎層底部或側面設置至少_層防水隔熱土布 層以達到防水及隔熱的功效。例如：當一大面積的建築物基礎 開挖後，即可將本發明之防水隔熱土布長條—長條（例如：i公 尺寬之防水隔熱土布）地鋪設於基礎上。而為了防止水從防水隔埶土布 咖之間的縫隙G渗流，可在複數個防水隔熱土布上㈣一 =者層50。此黏著層5〇主要是由有機黏著劑（例如：樹脂)及無機 2著劑（例如：水泥）等混合而成。由於無機黏著劑（例如：水泥）之 2有孔㈣成’因此黏著層亦是具有透氣的功能^此外，在此 :層50上面也可進一步再鋪設另一防水隔熱土布層使其具有 史佳的防水或阻水的效果。 由於本發明之防水隔熱土布1〇〇, ，3⑻及點著層％都具有透氣的功 1376309 2012年8月曰—修正替換頁一無劃線版 能，因此，由複數個防水隔熱土布100, 200, 300所形成的防水隔熱土布層 或阻水工程，當氣候炎熱造成地氣上升時，地氣係可以通過防水層及黏著 層50，不會使防水隔熱土布層遭到破壞而影響防水的功能或是造成地面高 低起伏》 當然，當本發明之防水隔熱土布100, 200, 300在施工時，其也可以直 接在建築物的基礎上進行；例如：先將一基底層1〇平整地鋪設於基礎 上，然後，疏水性粉體21可以是與黏結劑混合之後，喷灑於基底The hydrophobic powder obtained by the above modification has the effect of being hydrophobic, and has a effect of being difficult to be immersed in water and having a stable volume, thereby preventing the intrusion of divalent cations in seawater. In the prior art, the bentonite carpet has a valence-like sodium ion between the expansive soil layers, which is easy to be in contact with water and adsorbs a large amount of water, so that the suture between the clay layers is several times to achieve the purpose of reducing permeability, but if the bentonite blanket In contact with seawater, the cations with higher ion exchange capacity of mothers and magnesium, such as magnesium, will exchange sodium ions between the layers of the soil, so that the soil of the bentonite is water-aged, so the seawater is exposed to seawater. ^ Low 'with the same _ permeability increased, 4 carpets Wei will also fail. Referring to Figure 5, the present invention is a non-expanding waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth. The water-repellent reinforced earth cloth of the present invention is mainly composed of a base layer 10 and a general layer of her & Wherein, the base layer 10 is a lining material, for example, a non-woven material, a material, a woven fiber material, a braided fiber material or paper, etc., and is fixed to the base 2/square = hydrophobic (four) layer 2G by The hydrophobic powder 21 is composed of a shell 1 and a commercial waste which are modified by a cationic surfactant and a surface modifier. The above-mentioned combination of the aqueous powder 21 and the base layer 10 is first applied to the surface of the base layer (7) by a coating agent (not shown), and the hydrophobic powder η is fixed. 11 1376309 August 2012曰 _ Correct replacement page - no scribe line on top of the base layer 10 to form a layer of waterproof insulation cloth 1 结构. Among them, the hydrophobic powder layer 20 which is produced by modifying the unused resources and the commercial waste has the functions of waterproofing and venting, and the base layer 10 has low thermal conductivity due to the material, so the waterproof insulating soil cloth 100 of the present invention It also has a heat insulating function. It is apparent that the base layer 10 described above may also be a water-impermeable material which may increase the waterproofing effect of the present invention. Further, the base layer 10 may also be a decomposable material. When a crack occurs in the structure below the base layer 10, the hydrophobic powder 21 fills it to close the crack to avoid leakage. Since the hydrophobic powder layer 20 used in the present embodiment is adhered by the binder, it is possible to prevent the hydrophobic powder 21 from flying around and causing environmental pollution or human body damage during construction. Next, please refer to Fig. 6, which is a side view of another non-expanded waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth of the present invention. The waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth 200 is characterized in that it does not swell, and is mainly composed of a base layer 10, a cover layer 30 and a hydrophobic powder layer 20, wherein the base layer 1 and the cover layer 30 are a lining material. For example, a non-woven fiber material, a woven fiber material, a braided fiber material or paper, etc., and the hydrophobic powder layer 20 fixed between the base layer 1〇 and the cover layer 30 is composed of a hydrophobic powder 21, It is made up of unutilized resources and commercial wastes modified by cationic surfactants and surface modifiers. Since the hydrophobic powder 21 still has fine voids to allow air to flow, the hydrophobic powder layer 20 of the present invention has both water repellency and gas permeability. The hydrophobic powder 21 may be fixed between the base layer 10 and the cover layer 3 after being mixed with a binder (not shown) to form a three-layer waterproof insulating cloth 200'. The hydrophobic powder layer made of the resource and the commercial waste is waterproof and permeable, and the base layer 1〇 and the cover layer 3 are both low thermal conductivity materials, so the soil cloth of the present invention The 200 also has a thermal insulation function. The base layer ι and the cover layer 30 may also be a water-impermeable material, which makes the invention more waterproof. In addition, the base layer 10 may also be a decomposable material. When the base layer 1 is under the structure 1376309, the acoustic 曰_correct replacement page and the unlined plate body are cracked, the hydrophobic powder 21 will Fill to make the crack closed to avoid leakage. In addition, since the hydrophobic powder layer 20 used in the present embodiment has been covered by the base layer 10 and the overlying layer 30 and is adhered by the binder, the hydrophobic powder 21 can be prevented from flying around to cause an environment. Pollution or human injury. Next, referring to Fig. 7, there is shown a side view of another non-expanded waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth of the present invention. The waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth 300 of the present invention is characterized in that it does not swell, and is mainly composed of a base layer 1 , a cover layer 30 and a hydrophobic powder layer 20 , and the base layer 10 and the cover layer 30 are a material. For example: non-woven fiber material, woven fiber material, braided fiber material or paper, etc., but at least one of the base layer 1 〇 and the cover layer 3 是 is a non-woven fiber material, and is fixed to the base layer 1 〇 The hydrophobic powder layer 20 between the cover layers 3 is formed by modifying the unused resources and the commercial waste by the cationic surfactant and the surface modifier. The base layer 10 and the cover layer 30 described above are One layer is a non-woven fiber material, so when the three-layer structure formed by the hydrophobic powder layer 20, the base layer 1〇 and the cover layer 3〇 is passed through a needle mill, the needle rolling mill can hook and fix the non-woven fiber material to another a lining material, a plurality of stiffening fibers 40 ′ are formed between the base layer 10 and the cover layer 3′. The stiffening fiber 40 also makes the hydrophobic powder 21 compared to the base layer in addition to the fixed base layer 1 () and the cover layer buckle. 1() and overlay 3 Between. Obviously, the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment of Fig. 6 is that the manner of forming the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth is different. Since the hydrophobic (tetra) body 21 is a heterogeneous 4M|(four) mosquito between the base layer ι and the cover layer 30, it can block the percolation or passage of moisture, and since there is still a gap between the hydrophobic powders 21, Air discharge can also be tolerated. The base layer 1 〇 and the cover layer have a heat insulating function because the material has a strong material. The solid layer _, because the hydrophobic powder 21 is moved and fixed in the base layer ι and the cover layer 3 itself during the pin rolling process, the base layer 1 〇 and the cover layer 30 itself are also hydrophobic. . Because of the hydrophobic f-rolled body layer 2, the lanthanum is fixed by the stiffening fiber to the base layer 1〇 and 13 1376309 August 2012 芦日_Revision replacement page _ no scribe layer cover layer 30, so it is waterproof or resistant When the water is applied, it is possible to prevent the hydrophobic powder 21 from flying around and causing pollution of the surrounding environment or human body damage. Further, the base layer 10 may be a decomposable material. When a crack occurs in the structure below the base layer 10, the hydrophobic powder 21 fills it to close the crack to avoid leakage. In order to make the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth of this creation 1〇〇, 2〇〇, 300 more convenient in manufacturing, handling and construction, it is possible to make waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth 1〇〇, 2〇〇, 3〇〇 into a certain size. Sheets, for example: 45 cm square, 90 cm square, 1 meter square or 2 meters wide 4 meters long. Or the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth 1〇〇, 2〇〇, 300 is made into a coil, the width of which is the standard width or the more commonly used width, and the length is more unlimited, for example: the width is about i to 5 meters. , a coil of about 25 to 1 metre in length. In addition, customized manufacturing can also be carried out according to the needs of customers. Therefore, we do not limit the size and shape of the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth of the present invention. The thickness of the hydrophobic powder layer 2 in the 3 〇〇 防水 〇〇 〇〇 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 Next, the application of the waterproof, heat-insulating soil cloth 1 〇〇, 2 〇〇, 3 本 of the present invention is further disclosed: Referring to FIG. 8 , the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth of the present invention can be used to lie on the top layer of the building. At least _ layer waterproof and thermal insulation cloth layer is provided on the bottom of the part or the base layer to achieve waterproof and heat insulation effects. For example, when a large area of the building foundation is excavated, the long waterproof strip of the present invention (for example, i-meter wide waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth) can be laid on the foundation. In order to prevent water from seeping from the gap G between the waterproof barriers, it is possible to use a plurality of layers of water-proof and heat-insulating soil cloth (4). The adhesive layer 5 is mainly composed of an organic binder (for example, a resin) and an inorganic binder (for example, cement). Since the inorganic adhesive (for example, cement) 2 has a hole (four) into a 'the adhesive layer is also a gas permeable function ^ In addition, here: the layer 50 can be further laid on another layer of waterproof and heat insulation soil cloth to make it a good Waterproof or water blocking effect. Since the water-proof and heat-insulating soil cloth of the present invention has a ventilating function, 1 (3) and the layer of the layer are all permeable to the air. 1376309 August 2012 修正 - Correction replacement page No-line version, therefore, a plurality of waterproof insulation cloth 100, 200, 300 water-proof and heat-insulating soil layer or water-blocking project. When the climate is hot and the ground gas rises, the ground gas system can pass through the waterproof layer and the adhesive layer 50, so that the waterproof and heat-insulating soil layer is not damaged. The function of affecting the waterproofing may cause the ground level to rise and fall. Of course, when the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth 100, 200, 300 of the present invention is constructed, it can also be directly carried out on the basis of the building; for example, a base layer is first used. 1〇 is laid flat on the foundation, and then the hydrophobic powder 21 may be sprayed on the substrate after being mixed with the binder
層10之上。當然，也可以進一步將覆蓋層3〇平貼於疏水性粉體 層20上，以形成一土布結構。 此外Above layer 10. Of course, the cover layer 3 may be further flattened on the hydrophobic powder layer 20 to form a soil cloth structure. In addition
备不贫明之防.水隔熱土布層配置於建築物屋頂上時， 其製造過程亦可與上述相同，故不再贅述之；其次，如第9圖所示 由於本發明之防水隔熱土布層不具有膨脹性，故其施工後是近你 平面’故可以進-步在防水隔熱土布層上再配置—保護層，此 保護層60可以係由複數個輕f混凝土塊61所組成，以增加隔勒 的功效。由於屋頂長時間日€，溫度會非常高，而本發明之防水 隔熱土布層係具有透氣性’因此在防水隔熱土布層中的水氣可以 破排出’使防水層免於遭受熱氣衝破而喪失防水或阻水的功能。 因此’树明之防錢熱土布層具有㈣的可#度（即可有較長 的使用壽命），同時也具有較佳之耐候性。 雖然本發明㈣狀触實施_露如上，料 明，任何熟習娜技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神域_， =更動與麟，鼠本㈣之專護範_縣說 範圍所界定者鱗^ H月專利 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係魏料倾成轉_之防水隔 15 1376309 加2年8月衿日_修正替換頁 熱土布之流程圖； 第2圖係本發明之疏水粉體其粒徑分佈圖； 第3圖係本發明之疏水粉體改質前後之紅外線光譜圖； 第4圖係本發明之疏水粉體改質前後之X射線繞射分析圖； 第5圖係本發明一種不具膨脹之防水隔熱土布之側面示意圖； 第6圖係本發明另-種不具膨脹之防水隔熱土布之側面示意圖； ^圖係本發明又另-種不具膨脹之防摘熱土布之側面示意圖； 第8圖係本發明一種防水隔熱土布層之侧面示意圖；及 第9圓係本發明另—種防水隔熱土布層舖設有保護層之側面示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 基底層 20 疏水性粉體層 21 疏水性粉體 30 覆蓋層 40 加勁纖維 50 黏著層 60 保護層 61 輕質混凝土塊 100, 200, 300 防水隔熱土布 G 缝隙When the water-insulating soil layer is placed on the roof of the building, the manufacturing process can be the same as above, so it will not be described again. Secondly, as shown in Figure 9, the waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth of the present invention The layer is not expansive, so it is close to your plane after construction. Therefore, it can be further stepped on the waterproof and thermal insulation soil layer. The protective layer 60 can be composed of a plurality of light concrete blocks 61. To increase the effectiveness of the separator. Since the roof is long-term, the temperature will be very high, and the waterproof and heat-insulating soil layer of the present invention has a gas permeability. Therefore, the moisture in the waterproof and heat-insulating soil layer can be broken out to prevent the waterproof layer from being damaged by the hot air. Loss of water or water blocking function. Therefore, the anti-money hot soil layer of Shuming has the (4) degree (which can have a long service life) and also has better weather resistance. Although the invention (4) is in accordance with the above, it is known that any skilled artist can not deviate from the spiritual domain of the present invention _, = change with Lin, the mouse (four) of the special protection _ county said the scope defined by the scale ^ H月 patent [Simple description of the diagram] The first figure is the waterproofing of the Wei material. The waterproof partition 15 1376309 plus the 2nd August of the next day _ correction of the replacement page hot soil cloth flow chart; Figure 2 is the hydrophobicity of the present invention The particle size distribution map of the powder; Fig. 3 is an infrared spectrum diagram of the hydrophobic powder before and after the modification of the present invention; Fig. 4 is an X-ray diffraction analysis diagram of the hydrophobic powder before and after the modification of the present invention; A side view of a non-expanding waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth according to the present invention; Figure 6 is a side view of another non-expanding waterproof and heat-insulating soil cloth according to the present invention; ^ Figure is another type of anti-extraction heat without expansion FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of a waterproof and heat-insulating soil layer of the present invention; and a ninth circle is a schematic side view of a waterproof insulating and heat-insulating soil layer layer provided with a protective layer. [Main component symbol description] 10 Base layer 20 Hydrophobic powder layer 21 Hydrophobic powder 30 Cover layer 40 Stiffening fiber 50 Adhesive layer 60 Protective layer 61 Lightweight concrete block 100, 200, 300 Waterproof and heat insulation cloth G Gap