TWI363488B - Bi-directional amplifier for data over coax applications - Google Patents

Description

1363488 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present principle relates to a broadband communication network based on an electron microscope. More specifically, it relates to a bidirectional amplifier and its implementation method. [Prior Art] Coaxial cable has been and continues to be used to transmit data. One limitation to the use of coaxial cables to transmit data using other transmission protocols is the lack of transmission speed β in the electrical network due to the confinement of the coaxial cable and its associated limited bandwidth. A time-division duplex bidirectional amplifier has been considered. However, in general these amplifiers cannot support the required speed and other constraints. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a general aspect, a device includes a bidirectional power amplifier unit configured to amplify a signal having a first direction and amplify a signal having a direction opposite the first direction. A bidirectional power detector unit is coupled to the bidirectional amplifier unit for (1) detecting the power of the signal having the first direction before the bidirectional power amplifier unit amplifies a signal having the first direction And after the signal is amplified by the bidirectional power amplifier unit having the relative direction, the power in the signal having one of the relative directions is measured. In accordance with another aspect of the present principles, an amplifier circuit includes a directional coupler having an input and an output. The circuit further includes a bidirectional power amplifier having a bypass mode and having an input coupled to the output of the directional eliminator and an output configured to connect to a data processor, wherein the input of the directional amplifier Configured to connect to an access 132610.doc point. The directional lighter is coupled to the access point side of the bidirectional power amplifier. The circuit includes a power detector coupled to the directional combiner and configured to make uplink and downlink power. The circuit includes a voltage- & comparator with an inverting and non-inverting input coupled to the power detector. The circuit includes a non-inverting input coupled to the voltage comparator, i is configured to provide a pre-bias voltage to a voltage divider of the voltage comparator. The circuit includes a switch coupled to the voltage comparator and the bidirectional power amplifier φ. The switch is configured to change an operational state of the bidirectional power amplifier in response to a signal received from the voltage comparator. According to another aspect, a method includes monitoring the presence of an uplink or downlink signal on an access point side of a one-way amplifier in a bi-directional amplifier circuit. The method further includes switching the bi-directional amplifier to a transmit state when only the next row of link signals are present. According to another general aspect, an apparatus includes means for monitoring the presence of an uplink or downlink signal on an access point side of a bi-directional amplifier within a bi-directional amplifier circuit. The apparatus also includes means for switching the bi-directional amplifier to a transmit state when only one downlink signal is present.

- According to another general aspect, an amplifier circuit is contemplated for use in an existing CATV system that includes the CATV system including one or more cable distributions, each cable distribution having at least one CATV trunk amplifier. The amplifier circuit includes a bidirectional amplifier unit configured in parallel with each CATV trunk amplifier on a cable distribution. The bi-directional amplifier unit enables the transmission of a coaxial cable data (DOCA) protocol to operate on the CATV system without interfering with or causing a loss of a τν signal carried on the CATV 132610. According to another aspect, an electric magic system includes an at least one power splitter that connects at least one input to a CATV cable-based television service provider and connects at least one input to the coaxial cable data (d〇 Ca) Agreement system. The at least one power splitter has at least one cable distribution output. The cable system also includes a CATV trunk amplifier connected in series with the at least one cable distribution. The EM system also includes a bi-directional amplifier circuit coupled in parallel with the at least one cable distribution around the catv mains amplifier. Depending on the other, one of the power amplifiers is detected to have a signal on the first side of the -t; The method includes amplifying a (four) signal having the particular direction of transmission using the power amplifier. The method of (4) (4) (4) power amplification 具有 on the first side has an H with the specific emission direction. The method includes using the power amplifier to amplify details having the relative emission direction or multiple real two. Even if it adopts a specific method...month, it should still be in a state of caution and the use of various methods: the implementation of the program. For example, an embodiment may be embodied in a device that is configured to perform a set of operations or that is widely used in the practice of group operations, or to store the following detailed description and the scope of the patent application. Implementation mode], his appearance and characteristics. In order to provide an existing coaxial cable TV system (CAT at least one implementation in the electrical data storage service 硌 布置 分 132 132 132610.doc 1363488 (TDF) agreement compliant access point (AP) and station (STA). The AP and the STA are connected via a splitter in the hierarchical tree structure. In this way, the user at home can access the remote IP core network via the cable access network. As explained in FIG. 1 , the details are explained. Network layout. As can be seen from Figure 1, in this typical access network infrastructure, there is a TDF protocol compliant AP with an Ethernet interface connected to the IP core network, and the cable a coaxial cable interface for accessing the network connection. On the other end of the cable access network, there is a TDF protocol compliant STA, ie a terminal, via which the cable access network is connected and via the cable interface Ethernet interface and home LAN (local area network connection) According to at least one embodiment, both Ding 八 八 八 and 八 八 八 according to the 802.1 1 series specifications in the logical link control sublayer, MAC sublayer and physical layer Separate implementation of the agreement However, in the MAC sublayer, the TDP AP and the STA replace the 802.1 1 frame transmission entity with the TDF frame transmission entity. Therefore, the MAC sublayer for the TDF AP and the STA is encapsulated/decapsulated by the 802.1 1 frame. The entity and the TDF frame transmission entity are composed, and the MAC sublayer for the 802.1 1 compliant AP and the STA is composed of the 802.1 1 frame packet/decapsulation entity and the 802.1 1 frame transmission entity. For the integrated AP and the STA, the TDF is The frame transmission entity and the 802.1 1 frame transmission entity can coexist simultaneously to provide both 802.11 and TDF functions. The switching between the two modes can be realized by manual or dynamic configuration. The basic idea of the TDF protocol is the same. The IEEE802.il frame is transmitted over the cable media rather than over the air. The purpose of the IEEE 802.il mechanism is to use the mature hardware and software implementation of the 132610.doc -9- 1363488 802.1 1 protocol stack. The main features of the TDF are A unique media access control method for transmitting IEEE 802.1 1 data frames. That is, it does not utilize legacy IEEE 802.il DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) or PCF (Point Coordination Function) mechanisms to exchange MAC frames, including MSDU (MAC Data unit) and MMPDU (MAC Management Protocol Data Unit). Instead, it uses a time-sharing method to transmit MAC frames. Therefore, TDF is an access method that defines the frame transmission entity located in the MAC sublayer. Detailed Description. For purposes of comparison, the IEEE 802. il MAC sublayer protocol in the OSI reference model as shown in Figure 2 is illustrated herein. Although the exact location of the TDF protocol for use in the OSI reference model is illustrated in FIG. Communication mode entry procedure

Currently, there are two communication modes suggested for the TDF compliant station, as explained below. One is the standard IEEE 802.1 1 operating mode, which is subject to the frame structure and transmission mechanism defined in the IEEE 802.1 1 series of standards; the other is in the TDF operating mode, and detailed information about it will be explained in the following paragraphs. Figure 4 indicates the strategy for deciding which mode of operation to enter when a TDF STA is activated. Once a TDF STA receives a synchronization frame from an AP, it is enabled to enter the TDF mode. If the synchronization frame is not received within a preset timeout, the TDF STA remains or offsets to IEEE 802.1 1 mode. TDF Protocol Functional Description Access Method The physical layer in the TDF station can have multiple data transfer rate capabilities that allow the implementation to implement dynamic rate 132610.doc -10- 1363488 switching with improved performance and device retention goals. Currently, the TDF station supports three types of data rates: 54 Mbps, 18 Mbps, and 6 Mbps. Data services are provided primarily at 54 Mbps data rates. When there is some problem with supporting 54 Mbps data transmission, it can temporarily switch to the 18 Mbps data rate. A 6 Mbps data rate operating mode is designed based on network maintenance and desk debugging. The data rate can be statically configured before a TDF station enters the TDF communication program and remains the same throughout the communication procedure. On the other hand, the TDF station can also support dynamic data rate switching during service. The criteria for data rate can be based on channel signal quality and other factors. The basic access method of the TDF protocol is Time Division Multi-Direction (TDMA), which allows multiple users to share the same channel by dividing the same channel into different time slots. The TDF STAs successively transmit uplink traffic in succession, and each STA uses its own time slot in the TDF hyperframe assigned by the TDF AP. For downlink traffic, the STAs share the channel and select the data or management frame targeted by comparing the destination address information of the frame with its address. Figure 5 illustrates an example of a TDF hyperframe structure and time slot allocation for a typical TDF hyperframe when there are m STAs competing for uplink transmission opportunities simultaneously. As shown in FIG. 5, there is a fixed tdfTotalTimeSlotNumber time slot per TDF hyperframe, which is composed of a synchronization time slot for transmitting clock synchronization information from the TDF AP to the TDF STA; a competing time slot, which is used for Transmitting a registration request for uplink time slot allocation; tdfUplinkTimeSlotNumber uplink time slot, which is used by the registered TDF STA to successively transmit data and some management frames to the TDF AP; 1326I0.doc 1363488 and tdfDownlinkTimeSlotNumber downlink The time slot, which is used by the TDF AP to transmit data and register the response management frame to the data machine. Except for the sync slot, all other slots known as the common slot have the same duration and have a length equal to tdfCommonTimeSlotDuration. The value of tdfCommonTimeSlotDuration is defined to allow transmission of at least one maximum IEEE 802.1 1 PLCP (Physical Layer Convergence Protocol) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) for use in a normal time slot of the highest rate data mode. The duration of the synchronization time slot tdfSyncTimeSlotDuration is shorter than the duration of the common time slot because the clock synchronization frame transmitted from the TDF AP to the TDF STA in the slot is shorter than the 802.1 1 data frame. Therefore, the duration of a TDF hyperframe defined as tdfSuperframeDuration can be calculated by the following equation: tdfSuperframeDuration = tdfSyncTimeSlotDuration + tdfCommonTimeSlotDuration * (tdfTotalTimeSlotNumber - 1) The relationship between tdfTotalTimeSlotNumber, tdfUplinkTimeSlotNumber and tdfDownlinkTimeSlotNumber satisfies the following equation: tdfTotalTimeSlotNumber = tdfUplinkTimeSlotNumber + tdfDownlinkTimeSlotNumber + 2 In addition, the number of allocated uplink time slots of the TDF STA in a TDF hyperframe can be changed from one to tdfUplinkTimeSlotThreshold. Therefore, the available downlink time slot in a TDF hyperframe can be changed from (tdfTotalTimeSlotNumber-2) to (tdfTotalTimeSlotNumber-2-tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber). Each time there is a TDF STA requesting an uplink time slot, the TDF AP will infer one or more time slots from the available link time slots 132610.doc 1363488, and then assign the time slots to The TDF STA may vary in different implementations as long as the number of uplink slots will not exceed the value of tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber ° tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber thereafter. However, it must be carefully chosen so that there is at least a downlink time slot available for an associated TDF STA in order to guarantee the QoS of the data service. In addition, all consecutive time slots used by the same TDF STA or AP for transmission in the same direction can be combined to continuously transmit MAC frames to avoid such time slots caused by unnecessary conversion and protection. Waste at the edge. In the current embodiment, the tdfCommonTimeSlotDuration is about 300 sec, which is sufficient for the TDF STA to transmit at least one of the largest 802.1 1 PPDUs in a common time slot of the 54M mode, and there are a total of 62 time slots per TDF frame. In these time slots, there are 20 uplink time slots and 40 downlink time slots in this way. When there are 20 STAs, each TDF STA can be guaranteed to have an uplink data rate of 680 kbps. Access and share 30 Mbps (40 consecutive time slots) downlink data rate; when there are 30 STAs, each TDF STA can be guaranteed access to 680 kbps uplink data rate and share 22.5 Mbps (30) Continuous time slot) downlink rate. tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber is 30. The final value of tdfSuperframeDuration, which is the total duration of 61 common time slots and a synchronized time slot, is about 18.6 ms and can be defined as different values for different uses. For example, if there is only 1 TDF STA, it can be guaranteed to have 4 time slots to reach about 18 Mbps uplink data rate and its own 18 Mbps (4 consecutive time slots) downlink data speed 132610.doc • 13· 1363488 rate. In this way, the number of tdfSuperframeDurations for the total duration of the nine data time slots and one synchronization time slot is about 4 ms. Frame format

There are three main frame types in the 802.1 1 specification. Use the data frame to exchange data between stations. Depending on the network, several different types of data frames can appear. The control frame is combined with the data frame for performing the regional clearing operation, the channel acquisition, and the carrier sensing and maintaining function and the positive confirmation of the received data. Control and data frame joint operations to reliably deliver data between stations. More specifically, an important feature of data frame exchange is the existence of an acknowledgment mechanism, and therefore there is an acknowledgment (ACK) frame for each downlink unicast frame to reduce unreliable wireless The possibility of data loss caused by the channel. Eventually, the management frame performs a supervisory function: it is used to join and leave the wireless network and move the associated links between access points.

In the TDF system, because the TDF STA passively waits for the target TDF Ap to be found from the TDF AP sync frame, no classic probe is required.

Seeking the detection response frame. In addition to the 'coaxial cable and (4) exchanging the frames, it is not necessary to define the RTS and CTS frames to clean up an area and prevent Tibetan nodes, and the ACK frame is used to ensure the information. The reliability of the delivery of the box. ^ In the TDF protocol, only some useful 802.1 1 MSDIJ and MMPDU types are used for the data in the coaxial power scheme. For example, use the information frame (4) material _, which is used to pack the upper layer data and transfer it from one station to another. In addition, in order to meet the clock synchronization requirements in the TDF system, a new management frame (synchronization frame) is defined; and 132610.doc 1363488 and another function is defined for the function of uplink time slot request, allocation and release. Management frames, registration requests, registration responses, non-registration requests, and active notifications. In summary, four new subtypes in the management frame type of the TDF agreement have been defined. The following table defines the valid combinations of types and subtypes added to the TDF contract. Table 1 shows the valid types and subtypes of TDF frames added to the TDF protocol. Table 1 Type Description Subtype Description Management Synchronization Management Registration Request Management Registration Response Management Non-Registration Request Management Active Notification TDF Access Program

TDF AP looking for timely pulse synchronization procedures

The TDF agreement is highly dependent on the distribution of timing information to all nodes. First, the TDF STA listens to the sync frame to determine if there is an available TDF AP. Once it enters the TDF communication procedure, it uses the sync frame to adapt the area timer, and the TDF STA determines whether it will instead transmit the uplink frame based on the timer. At any time, the TDF AP is dominant in the synchronization process, while the TDF STA is dependent. In addition, if it does not receive any synchronization frame from the associated AP within a predefined critical period defined as tdfSynchronizationCycle, the TDF STA will consider that the AP has abandoned the 132610.doc -15· 1363488 service and then stops the TDF communication. Program, and begin to look for any TDF AP by listening to the sync frame again. In a TDF system, all STAs associated with the same TDF AP will be synchronized with a common clock. The TDF AP will periodically transmit a special frame containing its clock information to be synchronized by the call to synchronize the data machines in its regional network. Each TDF STA will maintain a zone timing synchronization function (TSF) timer to Ensuring that it is synchronized with the associated TDF AP. After receiving a synchronization frame, a TDF STA always accepts the timing information in the frame. If the TSF timer is different from the timestamp of the received synchronization frame, the receiving TDF STA sets its regional timer according to the received timestamp value. In addition, it can add a small offset to the received timing value to resolve the area processing by the transceiver. The sync frame will be generated to be transmitted by the TDF AP once per TDF frame time unit and transmitted in the sync slot of each TDF frame. , Registration Procedure Figure 6 illustrates the entire registration process illustratively. Once a TDF STA has obtained timer synchronization information from the sync frame, it will know when the time slot has started. If a TDF STA is not associated with any TDF AP, it will try to register with a particular TDF AP. The particular TDF AP transmits a registration request during the contention slot of the second time slot for a TDF frame. The frame is transmitted to the TDF AP and the synchronization frame is transmitted. The duration of the contention time slot equal to tdfCommonTimeSlotDuration and the registration request frame structure should be carefully designed to allow at least 132610.doc • 16· 1363488 tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber registration request frames to be transmitted in a contention slot. According to the design, the contention time slot is divided into tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber sub-time slots of the same length. As soon as the target TDF AP is found, a TDF STA will select a sub-time slot in the contention time slot to transmit a registration request frame to the TDF AP according to the following method: A. Each time an uplink time slot is allocated, one The TDF STA will store the number of allocated uplink time slots defined as tdfAllocatedUplinkTimeSlot, which indicates the location of the time slots in the slot set area over the entire uplink and the range from 1 to tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber. B. The TDF AP shall allocate the same uplink time slot to the same TDF STA at its maximum capacity each time it requests an uplink time slot. C' When it is time to decide when to select the slot to transmit the registration request frame, if there is a stored tdfAllocatedUplinkTimeSlot value, the TDF STA will set the same number of sub-time slots as tdfAllocatedUplinkTimeSlot; if there is no such value, then TDF STA A sub-time slot in the available sub-time slot of tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber will be randomly selected. It will transmit a registration request frame to the TDF AP in a randomly selected sub-time slot. The purpose of such an operation is to reduce the chance of collisions when there are many STAs that are simultaneously activated and that the same TDF AP is registered at the same time. The TDF STA will enumerate all the data rates it supports at the time and also carry some useful information, such as the received signal carrier/noise ratio in the registration request frame. It can start with the highest data rate and transmit several consecutive registration request frames with different support data 132610.doc 17 1363488. After transmitting the frame, the TDF STA will listen to the registration response frame from the TDF AP. After receiving a registration request frame from a TDF STA, the TDF AP will transmit a different kind of registration response frame to the TDF STA in the downlink time slot according to the following method: A. If the uplink has been allocated The time slot is equal to tdfMaximumUplinkTimeSlotNumber, and the TDF AP places the uplinkTimeSlotUnavailable indicator in the frame body. B. If the TDF AP does not support any of the data rates listed in the supportedDataratesSet of the registration request management box, the TDF AP places the unsupportedDatarates indicator in the frame body. C. If there is an uplink time slot available for allocation and a common data rate that can be supported by both the TDF AP and the TDF STA, the AP will allocate an uplink time slot and base information (eg, registration of the STA) The carrier/noise ratio in the request frame is selected to an appropriate common data rate, and then a registration response frame is transmitted to the TDF STA. Information about the assigned uplink time slot and the selected data rate will be included in the frame body. After a successful registration procedure, the TDF STA and the TDF AP will reach an agreement on what uplink time slot and data rate to use. Segmentation/Reassembly Procedure In the TDF protocol, the time slot duration for the transmission of the MSDU is fixed to tdfCommonTimeSlotDuration. In some data rates, when the length of the MSDU is greater than a threshold, it is not possible to transmit 132610.doc • 18· 1363488 in a single time slot. Thus, when a data rate for uplink transmission is longer than a threshold defined as tdfFragmentationThreshold and varies according to different data rates, it is segmented before being scheduled for transmission. For all segments except the last segment that can be smaller, the length of a segment frame will be an equal number of octets (tdfFragmentationThreshold octet). After segmentation, the segmentation frame is placed in the delivery queue for transmission to the TDF AP. The segmentation procedure can be run in the TDF frame transport entity or upper layer by using the tdfFragmentationThreshold dynamically set in the TDF frame transport entity. At the end of the TDF AP, each received segment contains information to allow the complete frame to be reassembled from its constituent segments. The header of each segment contains the following information used by the TDF AP to reassemble the frame: A. Frame type B. Address of the sender obtained from address 2 field C. Destination address D Sequence Control Field: This field allows the TDF AP to check that all input segments belong to the same MSDU and that the sequence used for the segments should be reassembled. The sequence number in the sequence control field remains the same for all segments of an MSDU; the sequence number within the sequence control field is incremented for each segment. E. Multiple Segment Indicators: Indicate to the TDF AP that this is not the last segment of the data frame. Only the last or only segment of the MSDU sets this bit to zero. All other segments of the MSDU set this bit to one. The TDF AP reconstructs the MSDU by combining the segments in the order of the segment number subfield of the sequence control field 132610.doc -19. 1363488. If a segment with a multi-segment bit set to zero has not been received, the TDF AP will know that the frame has not yet completed. The TDF AP - receives a segment with multi-segment bits set to zero, which knows that no more segments are available for the frame. The TDF AP remains for one of the receive timers for each frame received. There is also an attribute tdfMaxReceiveLifetime that specifies the maximum amount of time allowed to receive a frame. The receiving timer is started after receiving the first segment of the MSDU. If the receiving timer exceeds tdfMaxReceiveLifetime, all receiving segments of the MSDU are discarded by the TDF AP. If additional segments that must be sent to the MSDU are received after their tdfMaxReceiveLifetime has passed, then the segments are discarded. The uplink pass procedure After receiving the registration response frame from the TDF AP, the TDF STA will analyze the frame body to see if it is granted an uplink time slot. If it is not granted, it will stop for a while and apply for an uplink time slot later. If granted, it will begin transmitting uplink traffic during the assigned time slot using the data rate indicated in the registration response frame. When the uplink transmission is started during the assignment time slot, if at least one external transmission frame exists in the TDF STA, the TDF STA will transmit the first frame to the external transmission queue to the TDF AP. Thereafter, the TDF STA will check the length of the second uplink frame and evaluate if the second uplink frame can be transmitted during the remaining duration in the assigned time slot. If not, it will stop the uplink transmission procedure and wait for the second upstream frame to be transmitted in the assigned time slot during the next TDF super 132610.doc -20· 1363488 frame. If it is possible, it will immediately transmit the second frame to the destination TDF. The transfer program will continue to run in this manner until the assigned time slot has ended or there are no upstream 'link frames to transmit. Downlink Transmission Procedure In the entire TDF communication procedure, the total number of downlink time slots may change dynamically due to changing the number of associated STAs. When the TDF Αρ prepares a transmit frame to the associated STA, it compares the time left in the remaining downlink time slots with the duration required to transmit the particular downlink frame using the protocol data rate. Therefore, depending on the result, it will decide whether to transmit the frame at a specific data rate during this TDF frame. In addition, TDF Ap does not need to segment any downlink frame β. When it is not time for the associated STA to transmit uplink traffic, the STA always listens to the feasible downlink frame for which it is targeted. Channel. The non-registered procedure φ, as shown in Figure 7, if the TDF STA decides to abandon the TDF communication procedure, it transmits a non-registration request frame to the associated/linked TDF AP during its uplink time slot to notify the TDF AP Release the allocated uplink-way slot resource for it. After receiving the unregistered request frame, the TDF AP will freely assign the uplink time slot assigned to the TDF AP and place it in the free time slot pool for future use. Active Notification Procedure Referring now to Figure 8, in order to release resources as soon as a TDF STA accidentally crashes or shuts down, the TDF STA must periodically transmit an active during its uplink time slot period 132610.doc 21 1363488 Notify the frame to the TDF AP and report its activity. If there is no active notification frame within a predefined critical period called tdfAliveNotificationCycle, the associated TDF AP will consider that the TDF STA has abandoned the service and thus release the uplink time slot allocated for the TDF STA, Just like receiving a non-registration request frame from the TDF STA. To ensure coexistence and interoperability on multi-rate capable TDF STAs, this specification defines a set of rules to be followed by all stations: A. The sync frame will be transmitted at the lowest rate of the TDF base rate set so that it will be used by All STAs understand. B. All frames with destination unicast addresses are transmitted at the supported data rate selected by the registration mechanism. No station transmits a single frame at a rate supported by the receiver station. C. All frames with destination multicast addresses are transmitted at the highest rate of TDF base rate concentration. As explained above, a TDF protocol can replace the traditional 802.1 1 DCF (distribution coordination function) or PCF (point coordination function) mechanism. This system can take advantage of the wide layout of WLAN (802.1 1) networks and one of the wireless local area network (WLAN) chipsets that may become more mature and cheaper. This system provides a cost-effective solution for two-way communication of CATV networks by transmitting WLAN signals in a cable network, even if WLAN protocols are established for transmission/reception in the air environment rather than in the cable network. In this system, the basic access method of the TDF protocol is TDMA, which allows multiple users to share the same channel by dividing the same channel into different time slots. The TDF stations rapidly transmit uplink traffic in succession 132610.doc -22- 1363488, each of which uses its own time slot in one of the TDF hypertext frames assigned by the tdf Ap (access point). . For downlink traffic, the stations share channels (eg, as shown in the TDF hyperframe of Figure 5) and are selected by comparing the destination address information of the frames to their addresses. It is the target frame. Refer to Figure 9 for a typical TDF network. The network provides connectivity from the user's home 91 and 920 to the Internet (or another resource or network) (4). User homes 91A and 920 are connected by an access point (AP) 940 in the EM system 95A. The AP 940 can be located, for example, at home 91〇 and 92〇 neighbors, or in an apartment building including homes (in this case, apartments) 91〇 and 92〇, the AP 940 can be, for example, an electron microscope operator. Owned. The Ap is coupled to a router 960 in the Ethernet 970. The router 960 is also coupled to the Internet 93. It should be a direct connection (without intermediate components or units) and an indirect connection (one or more intermediate components and/or units). Such connections may be, for example, wired or wireless, as well as permanent or retrospective. Users 豕 910 and 920 can have a variety of different configurations, and each can be configured differently. However, as shown in the network _, the user homes 91 and 920 each include one (referred to as a data machine) (10) 922. The data machine 912 and the like are respectively connected to the first main machine "9", 924, and the second host (host 2) 916 92 in the - Ethernet 918, 928 (machines 914, 916, 924 and 9% - Γ, 仏 can be, for example, a computer or another processing device or communication device. & 0 There are various ways 'where the network _ can allow multiple hosts (for example, 132610.doc • 23· 1363488 914, 916, 924, and 926) are connected to the router 960. Four embodiments are described based on the following simply considering the data machine 912 and the hosts 914 and 916. In a first method, the data machine 912 acts as another router, the host 914 and 916 are identified by their IP addresses, and data 912 sends 1 packets from hosts 914 and 916 to router 960. This method 1 typically requires data 5|912 to run the router software, which requires additional memory. In a second method, the data machine 912 acts as a bridge. The data machine 912 and the AP 940 use a standard wireless distribution system (WDS) mechanism to convey the layer 2 packets to the router 960. The host 914 and 916 is identified by its Media Access Control (MAC) address No. This method is part of the 8〇2 η standard and can be used to convince multiple hosts at the same time. However, 'not all ports and data machines support WDS' and the αρ and data machines that do support WDS usually have limited support. For example, with some data and data machines, Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) cannot be used for WDS, and this may introduce security issues. In a third method, the data machine 912 uses MAC impersonation to change the Ethernet. The source MAC address of the packet (the source is one of the hosts 914 and 916) is its own MAC address. Therefore, from the perspective of the router 960, the router 960 only sees the data machine 912. The data machine 912 uses this method only for each In a further method, the data machine 912 uses a packet, as explained in more detail above. Each of the above methods has advantages and disadvantages' and such advantages and disadvantages may vary depending on the implementation. The packet method provides certain advantages because it generally allows the data machines to be simpler by not requiring the data machine to run the 132610.doc -24-1363488 router software. 〃 usually does not introduce security issues, and its primary and secondary servos are multiple hosts. In addition, the packet method is associated with the first three methods of transmitting each packet from the host by using a single-WLAN packet. A large burden. Therefore, the two methods incur the burden of 1 frequency packet for each packet transmitted from the host, and correspondingly reduce the output. Such inefficiency deteriorates in the environment. In the TDF environment, The duration of the time slot is fixed 'and the time slot is designed to allow only the wlan packet to be transmitted in one slot. Therefore, only one master packet can be transmitted in each slot; therefore, the packet method generally provides one or more of various advantages. Such advantages include, for example, simpler router design and operation, increased security, servoing multiple hosts, and increased efficiency and output. In summary, at least one embodiment of the packet method includes packetizing a plurality of Ethernet packets into a WLAN packet. The machine (10) packet will be the same as the maximum length allowed by the TDF time slot. The Ap (example #, the other two data machines) will packet the WLAN packet into individual Ethernet packets and transmit them to the router. For communication in the reverse direction, a modem will decapsulate a WLAN packet and transmit an individual Ethernet packet to the host. Referring to FIG. 10, an illustration 1000 includes a plurality of data machines, two of which are explicitly displayed; and a ΑΡβ narration includes a data machine "1010, a data machine #> 1 1020, and a 1030, Each of the data machines 1010 and 1020 is coupled to 1030 in a cable network. Other embodiments use a separate cable network for each of the data machines. 132610.doc -25- The data machines 1010 and 1020 and the AP 1030 include functional components of the same name, although some of the external connections are different and the components themselves perform different functions on a data machine and an AP. Therefore, it is provided as a data machine. And a common unit of both APs. However, it should be clear that different units can be designed for a data machine and an AP, wherein different units only implement the functions required by a data machine or an AP respectively. The data machine 1010 includes a regional application. Layer 1011, followed by a Tcp/Ip layer 1012' followed by a bridge 1 〇 14. Bridge 1 〇 14 is coupled to an Ethernet interface 1015, a packet collection/de-collection module (PADM) ) 1〇16, with 0 and one The WLAN interface 1017. The PADM 1016 is also coupled to the WLAN interface iO1. The Ethernet interface 1015 is coupled to the Ethernet 1〇52, which is coupled to a first host (host 1) 1054 and a second. Host (Host 2) 1056. The Data Unit 1 020 is similar to the Data Machine 1 〇1 〇. However, the Data Machine 轻2 is lightly coupled to the Ethernet 1062, and the Ethernet 1〇62 is coupled to The components of a first host (host 1) 1064 and a second host (host 2) 1066»data machine 1020 are shown as being identical to the components of the data machine 1010. However, it should be clear that when the data machines 1010 and 1020 are configured and In operation, various configuration parameters (for example) will be different. AP 1030 includes an area application layer 1〇71 followed by a TCP/IP layer 1 〇 72 followed by a bridge 1074. Bridge 1074 It is coupled to an Ethernet interface 1077, a PADM 1076, and a WLAN interface 1075. The PADM 1076 is also coupled to the WLAN interface 1075. The Ethernet interface 1 〇 77 is coupled to an Ethernet 1082 and then coupled. To a router 1090. The WLAN interfaces 1017 and 1075 are in communication over the cable network 1040. • 26· 1363488 modes are coupled to each other. Router 1090 is further coupled to the Internet 1〇95. Therefore, there is a connection between the hosts 1054, 1056, 1064, 1〇66 and the Internet 1〇95” (1011, 1071) is a standard layer used to run regional applications and interface with other layers in the architecture. The various TCP/IP layers (1012, 1 072) are standard layers for running TCP/IP and providing services typically provided by such layers, including interfacing with other layers in the architecture. Various Ethernet interfaces (1015, 1077) are used to interface to/from the standard unit of the Ethernet. Such interfaces 1015, 1077 transmit and receive Ethernet packets and operate in accordance with the Ethernet protocol. Various WLAN interfaces (1017 '1075) are used to interface to the WLAN network/units connected to it. Such interfaces 1017, 1 〇 7 5 transmit and receive WLAN packets and operate in accordance with the WLAN protocol. However, in clarifying the looo, the WLAN interfaces 1017, 1075 are actually coupled to a cable network 1040 rather than using wireless communication. The Ethernet network and WLAN interfaces 1015, 1017, 1075, and 1077 are implemented in, for example, a hardware such as a plug-in card for a computer. The interfaces can also be implemented to a large extent in a software such as a program that uses the instructions implemented by a processing device to perform the functions of the interface. The interface typically includes a portion for receiving an actual signal (eg, a connector) and buffering the received signal (eg, a transmit/receive buffer) and typically includes a portion for processing the signal (eg, a signal processing chip) All or part of the various bridges (1014, 1074) are units that forward packets between an Ethernet interface and a 132610.doc -27. WLAN interface... the bridge can be implemented in software or hardware, or It can be just a logical entity. It is used for a bridge. The scheme includes a processing device (such as an integrated circuit) or an instruction set running on a W device (such as a processor running a bridge software).勹Μ 1016 and 1〇76 perform various functions, including packet encapsulation and decapsulation, and further instructions are given below. PADMs 1〇16 and 1〇76 can be implemented in, for example, software, hardware, firmware or a combination of orders. Software implementations include, for example, a privacy set, such as a program for running on a processing device. The hardware implementation includes, for example, a dedicated chip, such as an application specific IC (ASIC). Most of the cable networks A are based on the electric (four) basic two-way time division duplex (TDD) system and utilize bidirectional amplifiers. However, these amplifiers have several limitations first, and the uplink and downlink power levels cannot be the same. Or the same. Second, the bidirectional loop has the possibility of vibration in the case of poor isolation. The third 'its due to the attempt to be in the M〇CA or other d〇ca agreement (for example, advanced coaxial cable information_AD〇 c) It is not applicable to the newly developed cable network when it is used to bypass the CATV trunk amplifier under the existing cable network condition. One of the principles of the bidirectional power amplifier is used in the TDD mode. A possible solution implemented in cable-based systems (such as WM0CA and other d〇ca systems). The bidirectional amplifier of the present principle can solve the above problems by providing the following advantages over known embodiments. '· 2) reduced oscillation; 3) suitable for newly developed electrical network, 4) simple detection; and 5) fast response without trouble operation. 132610.doc • 28· 1363488 The voltage is increased or flipped or changed. This will cause the switch 12i to switch the bi-directional amplifier to the "transmit" state. When the downlink signal transmission is completed, the voltage in the inverting input is reduced to zero (or substantially zero) and the comparator 1208 is returned. Turning over and causing switch 1210 to switch the bidirectional amplifier to the "receive" state responds. Equal power bi-directional amplification as used herein refers to the ability to obtain the same power input (~0 dBm) and the same gain (~26-30 dB) in both directions. Those skilled in the art will recognize that maintaining the same power output bi-directional amplification is not easy to implement a two-way communication system in a TDD mode due to the directionality of the power detector (e.g., ~20). In accordance with one aspect of the present principles, and in order to achieve equal power bi-directional amplification, power detector 1204 is placed on the access point (Ap) side of the amplifier and applied at the non-inverting input of comparator 12〇8. The low pre-bias voltage of the self-voltage divider network 1206 (for example, ~〇1 through this design, even when using a power detector with poor directivity, can achieve the same power amplification in the direction of the directional charger 1202) The main reason for the configuration is that when the directional couplers are placed on the AP side or the data machine side or on the data machine side of the bidirectional amplifier, the system usually does not always operate properly. There is directional coupling. Three cases or scenarios in which the device 12〇2 is placed: 丨) by placing the directional couplers on the separated/opposite side of the bidirectional amplifier, the leakage of the discharge signal to the directional couplers can cause Fault; 2) Place two directional couplers on the data machine side of the bidirectional amplifier. According to the Μη protocol, there is no signal on either side of the amplifier (ie, uplink 1326I0.doc • 33· 1363488 or downlink), then the bidirectional amplifier should be in the receive state. When the directional couplers are on the modem side, if the downlink signal is transmitted, it is unable to reach the directional combiners due to the isolation of the bidirectional amplifier. Thus, the bidirectional amplifier remains in the receiving state and the system will malfunction, and 3) by placing the directional couplers on the Ap side. The system operates as explained by the present principles. Leakage as mentioned above may occur, for example, in a system in which the couplers and/or detectors are on opposite sides of the amplifier. The leakage can occur due to the fact that when an uplink signal is transmitted (ie, from the modem to the AP), the signal detected from an AP side (forward) power detector will be greater than the slave side. (reverse) the signal detected by the detector, because some of the amplification power will leak into the AP side power detector. This will cause the voltage comparator to switch from a receive mode to an transmit mode. A class of results keeps the line signal. Other embodiments place the power detectors on the data side of the amplifier and/or pre-bias the inverting inputs. According to another aspect, the present principles provide reduced collisions. This is due to the fact that there is only one physical nickname path, so there is no fact that loop oscillations can occur. Furthermore, no high sensitivity bandpass filter (BPF) is required. As a result of the implementation of the present principles, there is no strict requirement for the directional coupler 12〇2. Likewise, a commonly available directional coupler can be used in one embodiment of the present principles. This is due to the fact that if an Ap side and a data plane side directional coupler (power detector) are implemented, subtracting the AP side detector signal from the data machine side detector signal will determine the switch 121. Operation 132610.doc • 34-1363488 state, and thus determines the state of the bidirectional amplifier 1212. By placing two directional combiners on the AP side of the bidirectional amplifier 丨 212, the downlink and uplink signals will have nearly the same power level as they pass through the directional coupler 1202. Thus, even with a directional coupler '20 dB margin with poor directivity (e.g., 2 〇 0] 8 isolation), the subtraction value is guaranteed to be appropriate and thus the operational state of the switch 1210 is guaranteed. In accordance with one embodiment of the present principles, all components provide a nanosecond level of operational response. Therefore, the total delay time is <3〇〇ns (for example, directional coupler 1202 - < 10 ns, power detector 1204 · 85 ns, voltage comparator 12 〇 8 -40 ns. SPDT 1210 - 12 ns And power amplifier 1212_ι〇〇ns), which is less than the requirement for a TDD mode communication system, which is typically a few microseconds. According to the possibility of failure, it can be divided into several cases: Case 1: When there is no signal input on both sides (ie, no transmit or receive power), the amplifier 1212 will be in the receiving state (ie, from the data machine to the Ap) The path is broken); Case 2: When transmitting signals from the AP to the modem, the forward detection power (for example, 0.2 to 0.5V) will be much greater than the reverse detection power (<〇1 v) Thus, the voltage comparator 1208 will flip and the amplifier 1212 will switch to the transmit state (ie, the path from the AP to the modem is disconnected); and Case 3: when the signal is transmitted from the modem to the AP, the reverse detect Power (e.g., 0.6 to 0.8V) will be much larger than the forward detection power (<〇1 v). Since there is a pre-dusting resistor (e.g., 0.1 V) in the non-inverting input bee of the power comparator 1208, the amplifier 1212 will remain in the "received" state. 132610.doc -35- 1363488 For a two-way ADOC signal, as '26-30 dB', the compensation is the same (or substantially the same) as the CATV trunk amplifier compensation (eg 26 dB) supplied to the τν signal. Gain compensation compensates for, for example, path loss. Those skilled in the art will recognize the use of filters (e.g., band splitters) to separate the TV signal from the ADOC signal. Similarly, in one embodiment, one or more filters are placed at the inputs and outputs of the CATV trunk amplifier 1410 and the bidirectional amplifier 1212. In this mode, the amplifier can be used in the Tdd mode and is currently

WiFi and WiMax systems match, especially with the cable-based m〇Ca system. Figure 15 shows a method 15A in accordance with an embodiment of the present principles. initial

Monitoring the presence of an uplink or downlink signal (丨5〇2), switching the bidirectional amplifier in the bi-directional amplifier circuit from a receiving state to transmitting when only the downlink signal is detected State (15〇4) ^ The method further includes (as shown in Figure 16) when only one uplink signal (1506) is detected and the illusion is detected - an uplink or downlink signal (1 state) The step of again holding the amplifier in a receiving state order. As described above, the reception state is maintained by applying a pre-bias voltage to the bi-directional amplifier circuit to cause the non-inverting input of the internal voltage comparator 12G8. The embodiment described in this: is implemented, for example, in a method or program, a device, or a software program. Even if only the description of the single-form of the embodiment is described (e.g., as merely illustrated as a method), the described features of the features may be implemented in other forms (eg, devices or programs). The method can be implemented, for example, in a suitable hardware, software, and moving body, for example, in a BEL _L shock, the device being referred to as a processor of the processing device 132610.doc • 37· 1363488 Including, for example, a computer, a microprocessor, an integrated circuit, or a programmable logic device. Processing devices also include communication devices such as computers, mobile phones, portable/personal digital assistants ("pda" and other devices that facilitate information communication between end users." 1

The various programs and implementations described herein can be embodied in a variety of different devices or applications, particularly in devices or applications associated with, for example, data transmission and reception. Examples of devices include video encoders, video decoders, video codecs, web servers, transponders, laptops, personal computers, and other communication devices. It should be clear that the device can be mobile and even installed in a car. In addition, the method can be implemented by instructions executed by a processor, and such instructions can be stored in a processor readable medium, such as an integrated circuit, a software carrier or other storage device, such as a A hard disk drive, a compact disc, a random access memory ("RAM") or a read-only memory (R〇M). The s command can form an application that is tangibly embodied in the processor readable medium. It should be clear that a processor can include a processor readable medium having, for example, one of the instructions for implementing a program. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments can also produce signals that are formatted to carry, for example, information that can be stored or transmitted. The information may include, for example, instructions for implementing a method, or data generated by one of the illustrated embodiments. This signal can be formatted, for example, as an electromagnetic wave (e.g., using one of the radio frequency portions of the spectrum) or a baseband signal. The formatting may include, for example, encoding a data stream, packetizing the encoded stream, and employing a packed stream to modulate a carrier. The information carried by this signal can be, for example, 132610.doc • 38-1363488 analog or digital information. This signal can be transmitted over a variety of different wired or wireless keyways, as is known. Several embodiments have been described. However, it should be understood that various modifications are possible. For example, elements of different embodiments may be combined, supplemented, modified or removed to produce other embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other structures and procedures may be substituted for the disclosed structures and procedures and that the resulting embodiments will perform at least substantially the same features in at least substantially the same. Substantially the same result. Accordingly, these and other embodiments are contemplated by the application and are within the scope of the following patents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 illustrates a simplified exemplary TDF access network architecture. Figure 2 illustrates the 8〇2 u MAC sublayer in the OSI reference model. Figure 3 illustrates (10) one of the implementations of a TDF transport entity in the reference model

Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a communication mode entry procedure. Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of a TDF hyperframe structure. Figure 6 illustrates one implementation of a registration procedure. Figure 7 illustrates one implementation of a non-registration procedure. Figure 8 illustrates an implementation of an active notification procedure. Figure 9 includes a description of the -TDF network - the implementation of the (four) m (four) includes the -AP of Figure 9 and a data machine - an embodiment of the block diagram A high-order 132610.doc-39-gong 363488 diagram of one of the principles of a system. Circle 12 is a block diagram of one of the implementations of a bidirectional amplifier in accordance with one aspect of the present principles. Figure 13 shows a detailed block diagram of a bidirectional amplifier in accordance with an embodiment of the present principles. Yet another implementation of the amplifier. Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of one aspect of the present principles.

Figure 15 is a block diagram of an embodiment (four) and (four) in accordance with the present principles. [Main component symbol description] Block diagram. Network User Home Data Host 1 Host 2 Ethernet User Home Data Host 1 Host 2 Ethernet Internet ΑΡ Cable System 900 910 912 914 916 918 920 922 924 926 928 930 940 950 132610. Doc -40. 1363488 960 Router 970 Ethernet 1010 Data Machine #1 1011 Area Application Layer 1012 TCP/IP Layer 1014 Bridge 1015 Ethernet Interface 1016 PADM 1017 WLAN Interface 1020 Data Machine 1030 AP 1040 Cable Network 1052 Ethernet 1054 First Host 1056 Second Host 1062 Ethernet 1064 First Host 1066 Second Host 1071 Area Application Layer 1072 TCP/IP Layer 1074 Bridge 1075 WLAN Interface 1076 PADM 1077 Ethernet Interface - 41 - 132610.doc

Claims (1)

1363488 ~ nose / Hu Ri correction replacement page No. 9:7126496 Patent Application - -1 Chinese patent application scope replacement (100 years December) X. Patent application scope: 1. A device with a bidirectional amplifier, The method includes: a bidirectional power amplifier unit (1212) configured to amplify a signal having a first direction and amplify a signal having a direction opposite the first direction; and a bidirectional power detector unit (1202) Up to 1204), coupled to the bidirectional amplifier unit, to (1) detect power in the signal having the first direction before the bidirectional power amplifier unit amplifies the signal having the first direction, and (7) After the bidirectional power amplifier unit amplifies the signal having one of the relative directions, the power in the signal having the relative direction is detected. 2. For example. In the device of claim 1, the bidirectional 1 force rate predator unit is coupled to the bidirectional power amplifier unit ||, and the communication path is configured to carry the relative direction Amplifying the signal and the non-amplified signal having the first direction. 3. A device as claimed, which connects the bidirectional power presensor unit to one of the access point sides of the bidirectional power amplifier. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a switch operative to communicate with the bidirectional power amplifier unit to switch the bidirectional power amplifying element between a receive state and a transmit state; and the unit open-voltage A comparator having an inverting input and a non-inverting input connected to the output of the bidirectional power detector, and a connection to the off-output. 1326I0-1001221.doc 1363488, the brushing day correction Qin... · -. '. 5. The device of claim 4, further comprising a bias voltage circuit group I, to provide a pre-bias voltage to the voltage The non-inverting input of the comparator. The device of claim 1, wherein the bidirectional power detector unit comprises a first directional coupler configured to detect one of transmit (uplink) power, and A second directional coupler configured to detect one of the received (downlink) power. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the bidirectional power detector unit further comprises a -RF power combiner and a second power meter configured to convert RF power to DC Voltage. 8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the voltage comparator causes the switch to maintain the bidirectional power amplifier in a receiving state when the transmit (uplink) power and the receive (downlink) power are not measured . The device of T 9m term 4 '_ w}n (uplink) power 2 o' the voltage comparator causes the switch to maintain the bidirectional power amplifier in a receiving state. The device of item 4, wherein (4) detecting the _receiving (downlink key) power voltage comparator turns off the bidirectional power amplifier unit to a transmitting state. 11_ The device of claim 1 wherein the bidirectional power is amplified between an access point device and a data machine. Early stage arrangement Power amplifier unit arrangement 12. The apparatus of claim i, wherein the two-way is between a splitter and a data machine. 13. An amplifier circuit comprising: 132610-1001221.doc 1363488 a directional coupler (1202) having an input and an output; and a force rate amplifier (1212) having a bypass mode and having a light port, one input of the output of the light coupler, and a group Connected to one of the output of the data machine, wherein the input of the directional coupler is coupled to an access point by 'and two X's, and the directional consuming coupler is coupled to the access point side of the bidirectional power amplifier a power detector (1204) coupled to the directional coupler and configured to detect uplink and downlink power; a voltage comparator (1208) having a respective connection to the power detection One of the inverting and non-inverting inputs; a voltage network (1206) coupled to the non-inverting input of the voltage comparator and configured to provide a pre-bias voltage to the voltage comparator And a switch (1210) coupled to the voltage comparator and the bi-directional amplifier, the switch configured to change an operational state of the bi-directional power amplifier to respond to a signal received from the voltage comparator. 14. The amplifier circuit of claim 13, wherein the directional coupler further comprises two directional couplers, one configured to detect an uplink signal and one configured to detect a downlink signal. 15. The amplifier circuit of claim 13, wherein the power detector comprises two RF power detectors configured to convert the RF signal to a DC voltage. 16_ The amplifier circuit of claim 13, wherein the switch comprises a green knife double throw switch configured to switch between a movable mode and a bypass mode = dual 132610-1001221.doc 1363488 (WM correction Replacing the page to the amplifier 'in response to the detected uplink and/or downlink signals. 17. The amplifier circuit of claim 13, wherein the directional coupler, the bidirectional amplifier, the power detector, the voltage comparison And the switch all include a high speed operational response such that one of the amplifier circuits has a total operational response time of <300 ns. 18. A method for a bidirectional amplifier comprising: monitoring a bidirectional one of the bidirectional amplifier circuits One of the amplifiers has one of the uplink or downlink signal signals on the access point side; and when there is only a downlink signal, the bidirectional amplifier is switched to a transmitting state. 19. The method of claim 18 Further comprising: maintaining the bidirectional amplifier in the bi-directional amplifier circuit in a receiving state when an uplink signal is present; and when not present The bidirectional amplifier in the bi-directional amplifier circuit is maintained in a receiving state when the link or downlink signal is received. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the positioning is performed on the access point side of the amplifier 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the maintaining step further comprises applying a pre-bias voltage to one of the non-inverting inputs of one of the voltage comparators in the bi-directional amplifier circuit. A device having a bidirectional amplifier, comprising: a monitoring component (1202 to 1204) for monitoring an uplink or downlink signal on an access point side of one of the bidirectional amplifiers in a bidirectional amplifier circuit Existence; and 132610-1001221.doc -4- 1363488 The switching component (1210) is configured to switch the bidirectional amplifier to a transmitting state when there is only a downlink signal. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising: a holding member (1208) for maintaining the bi-directional amplifier in the bi-directional amplifier circuit in a receiving state when an uplink signal is present; and additional holding members (1206), for maintaining the bidirectional amplifier in the bi-directional amplifier circuit in a receiving state when there is no uplink or downlink signal. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the additional retention member further comprises an application member for applying a pre-bias voltage to a non-inverting input coupled to one of the voltage comparators of the switch, the switch controlling the two-way The mode of operation of the bi-directional amplifier within the amplifier circuit. 2 5. A cable system comprising: at least one power splitter (1406) having at least one input connected to a catv Vision based television service provider and connected to a coaxial cable material (DOCA) At least one input to the protocol system, the power splitter having at least one cable distribution output; a CATV trunk amplifier (141 〇) connected in series with the at least one cable distribution; and a bidirectional amplifier circuit (1212) Parallelly connected to the at least one cable distribution around the CATV trunk amplifier, wherein the bidirectional amplifier circuit comprises: a directional coupler having an input and an output 'the directional coupling 132610-1001221.doc correction correction device configured a bidirectional amplifier for detecting an uplink or downlink signal transmission, which is connected to the detector; and a switch for communicating with the detector and the bidirectional amplifier for receiving state Switching the bidirectional amplifier to an emission state; wherein the directional coupler is connected to one of the access point sides of the bidirectional amplifier" 6] The cable system of claim 25, wherein the bidirectional amplifier electrical-+ comprises: V is connected to the directional coupler; and has a power detection connected to the power detector The detector-voltage comparator has an inverting input and a non-inverting input. And a method for connecting to one of the switches. 27. A method for a bidirectional amplifier, comprising: a specific transmit direction detecting one of a power amplifier having a signal on a first side; using a signal; the power amplifier amplifying The detecting of the specific emission direction detects the first side of the power amplifier, and has a signal in a direction opposite to the specific direction of the transmitting direction; and the detecting uses the power amplifier to amplify the Relative to the transmitter signal. 132610-1001221.doc 1363488 Patent No. 097126496浼 Patent application Chinese map replacement page (100玍12月] Ί Ί00 - Sound gateway bottom 1126B 1126A IPW7VOD 1116 1114 ^—1118 1126 义 -11 data machine 1132- 1132 data machine 1126A 1132 Fiber Figure 11 Ethernet Line Coaxial Cable 1326]〇-f]g-l〇()1221 doc