1357357 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於，藉由壓縮空氣，將塗料等霧化，朝向 被塗裝物進行吹噴塗裝的空氣噴槍，尤其是關於可形成， 使噴霧時的霧化粒子均勻地分散的塗膜的外部混合式空氣 噴槍的霧化空氣蓋。 【先前技術】 使用壓縮空氣將塗料霧化，用來形成塗裝面的空氣噴 槍，是廣泛地使用於各個領域。其中使用於金屬、木工、 塑膠製品等的精加工塗裝的工業用噴槍，因爲近年來塗料 的多樣化、相對於被塗裝物的要求品質提昇等原因，逐漸 需要更高的噴霧性能。 這些工業用噴槍，是將塗料微粒化成霧狀而吹噴到被 塗裝物，所以不管是複雜的塗裝面或是平面，都能得到均 勻的平滑面，而被廣泛採用，另一方面，有很大的問題是 會讓沒有附著於被塗裝物的飛散的塗料粒子浪費掉，而會 有很多需要解決的課題像是，提昇塗裝效率來有效利用資 源、防止塗裝環境的惡化、提昇作業效率以提昇生產性、 且改善霧化性能以提昇塗膜品質，而這些因素很多都可以 說是仰賴於噴槍的霧化構造。 通常，空氣噴槍的霧化構造，主要是藉由：具有塗料 噴出口的塗料噴嘴、與配置有霧化用空氣孔的空氣蓋所構 成，藉由該構造的組合來將塗料霧化，決定了吹噴到被塗 -4- (2) (2)1357357 裝物的狀態也就是吹噴圖案的性能。在實際的噴槍，具有 必要的功能而組合有：用來進行從塗料噴嘴噴出的塗料的 控制的塗料閥、用來進行從空氣蓋的各空氣口噴出的壓縮 空氣的調整的調節閥或空氣通路。 霧化構造的代表性的構造，能在很多的例子中了解， 一般的構造是組合成：在中心部具有形成有噴出口的塗料 噴嘴，將空氣蓋的中心空氣口配置成，在其噴出口的周圍 形成有環狀的空氣口。塗料的霧化，相對於從其中心所噴 出的塗料，從以包住的形式的環狀的中心空氣口噴射出壓 縮空氣來進行。並且在空氣蓋，在中心空氣口的兩外側， 形成有稱爲角部的一對突起部，設置有從該角部朝向中心 噴出的側面空氣口，相對於上述中心部的霧化流從兩側使 壓縮空氣衝突，而形成了噴霧流的圖案。該側面空氣口， 爲了從兩側面來擠壓來自於中心的噴霧流，而作成以鈍角 交叉。 這些起衝突的側面空氣的方向或強度、空氣量等，是 根據很多的經驗而考慮各種構造，而提出適合：塗料或塗 裝品質、塗面狀況等的各種條件的構造。通常最單純的構 造，萆相對於中心空氣□，具有一對的側面空氣口，如果 能以這種構造得到所要的圖案形狀則是最好的。 而至今對於空氣噴槍的噴霧圖案的改善，是相對於中 心的一個噴霧化用空氣孔，藉由增加側面空氣口或輔助空 氣口來進行。一般來說越高級的精加工用噴槍，具有越多 的空氣口。 -5- (3) (3)1357357 例如想要使圖案寬度越廣闊時’將側面空氣口加大而 增加來自於兩側面的衝突空氣’也可再設置兩對側面空氣 口。可是’只有加強來自於側面空氣口的空氣，集中到噴 霧流的中心部的流體’會只擠壓破壞噴霧圖案的中央部， -被稱爲所謂的內裂現象的中央部會成爲透空的圖案，而無 法成爲膜厚平均的塗裝。 在這種情況’則設置輔助空氣口，在側面空氣衝突之 ’預先藉由與側面空氣並行側的輔助空氣，來調整中心 的噴霧流的分布，或讓側面空氣的噴流衝撞在較寬寬度的 中心的噴霧流。 以塗裝時能均勻地塗裝成均勻的膜厚爲目的，如上述 希望讓噴霧的圖案形狀很均勻，並且爲了要得到高度的塗 膜品質，不只要讓塗裝結果的膜厚分布均勻化，且很重要 是要讓噴霧狀態均勻化。關於面積較大的汽車產業或薄膜 塗裝的樹脂塗裝’噴霧狀態的流動不均情形會直接影響到 塗面’所以最大的課題就是形成沒有斑駁情形的均勻塗面 〇 至今的壓縮空氣的吹噴，由於塗料微粒化的過程與壓 縮氣體的流動的關係，而在噴霧的生成會產生紊流，會成 爲噴霧不均的情形，而藉由重塗等方式予以平均化，當形 成塗膜時’以經驗來減少全體噴霧不均的比率。可是如前 述’關於樹脂塗裝，在將具有高級感的塗料以薄膜方式進 行塗裝的情況，或關於汽車塗裝，在藉由高級塗料將最終 精加工塗面進行精加工的情況，以機械方式來減少噴霧時 -6- 1357357 ⑷ 所產生的噴霧不均情形、噴霧流分布的不均勻狀態的方式 ’有助於解決這些問題，結果能減少資源的浪費，結果能 帶來工業上、經濟上的效果。 【發明內容】 〔發明欲解決的課題〕 如上述，雖然以往關於空氣蓋的改善，能適當地保持 噴霧圖案的膜厚分布，將圖案形狀形成爲適合塗裝的規格 目的的噴霧圖案，可是使噴霧時的噴霧不均的情形減少的 技術並不足夠。也就是說，至今作爲噴霧圖案改善的結果 ，傾向爲改善噴霧流的分布、或表面性的改善。而在本發 明，關於空氣霧化噴槍，提出了一種空氣蓋的構造，能改 善噴霧時的不均勻的噴霧，結果能讓對於塗面的塗佈變得 均勻。 如果能改善的話，則可得到空氣蓋，不用設置複雜且 很多空氣孔，則能得到均勻的塗面，藉由將其單純化則容 易進行霧化裝置的製作，在已經經過改善的空氣蓋，更能 得到分布的均勻性優異的空氣蓋，而能提昇塗裝的精加工 處理，尤其可得到一種霧化裝置，不會產生在用低黏度塗 料等進行薄膜塗裝所容易產生的塗面的不整齊的情形’而 容易形成平滑的高級品質的塗膜。 〔用以解決課題的手段〕 是組裝於以壓縮空氣來進行霧化的空氣噴槍’設置有 (7) (7)1357357 說也能適用於：具備有扳機’能以手動方式進行吹噴的手 動噴槍。噴槍主體1，在前部設有霧化裝置’在後部設有 作動及調節裝置，在中央部設有塗料供給口 2、及沒有圖 示的噴霧用的壓縮空氣導入口等。前端的霧化裝置部’主 要是以：塗料噴嘴3、空氣蓋4、針閥5所構成，空氣蓋 4是藉由外殼6而可自由裝卸於噴槍主體1。 霧化裝置，如第1圖所示，是藉由後部螺紋31來將 塗料噴嘴3旋入於噴槍主體1，在後端緊密地連接著上述 塗料供給口 2與塗料噴嘴3的中心部的塗料通路32。塗 料噴嘴3的前端設置有噴出口 9，內周面是讓針閥5的前 端進退來進行開閉。在本圖的例子中，是藉由後部的作動 活塞11來控制作動。作動量是藉由調節旋鈕來進行調節 的構造，其構造在習知的很多例子中有顯示。 塗料噴嘴3當組裝於噴槍主體時，以薄片部16來分 隔：在噴槍主體1側所形成的中心空氣通路1 2所開口的 中心空氣室13、側面空氣通路14所開口的側面空氣室15 :來自於外側的側面空氣室15的空氣，是環繞於塗料噴 嘴3的外周，連通於空氣蓋4的內面室45，內側的中心 空氣室13的空氣，通過在塗料噴嘴3所設置的連通孔33 ，而連通於空氣蓋4的中心口室46» 空氣蓋4，如至今已知的構造，在中心部以圍繞塗料 噴嘴3的噴出口 9的外周的方式形成了：以環狀的間隙所 形成的中心空氣口 42 ’在朝其兩側突出的角部43，設置 有：將上述側面空氣朝向中心的噴霧流噴射的側面空氣口 -10- (8) (8)1357357 44。側面空氣口 44的數量、大小、方向等，是根據噴霧 條件來選擇’而圖示的例子只有一個。另外，設置有兩組 一對的角部43且設置成互相垂直相交，在以噴出空氣的 控制來區分運用噴霧圖案（模式）的方向的情況也能適用 〇 形成噴霧圖案的側面空氣，雖然是經過在空氣蓋4的 角部43所設置的豎孔47而從側面空氣口 44噴出，而在 本發明是將上述入口部縮小成小於豎孔47的剖面積。部 分地顯示的第3圖的例子，是作成將內痙48的較小的軸 襯41嵌入的構造，在入口限制剖面積，構成了在豎孔47 內部變寬的通路狀態。並不限於該例子，如第6圖所示， 藉由將稍大於入口部的開口直徑的前端部作成銳利狀的圓 筒狀的夾具20，將入口部斂縫變形成圓周狀來縮小通路 剖面積也可以。這種方法可在定量地施加塑性變形的條件 下進行，而藉由硏究另外的加工手段也能採用一些其他的 手段。 在上述的構造，側面空氣通常是以50〜4〇0千帕斯卡 (kPa)的程度來輸入，流入到豎孔47。此時在節流部會 成爲局速（音速或亞音速），當進入到豎孔47內部時， 會由於通路面積的擴大而形成紊流，而從側面空氣口 44 噴出。因此，從側面空氣口 44噴出的空氣流，很少產生 縮流情形，以直到空氣口的壁面速度都不會減少的紊流狀 態，以側面空氣口 44的完整內徑的空氣流衝撞到中心的 噴霧流，而形成扁平的圖案。 -11 - (9) (9)1357357 形成扁平的圖案的來自於側面空氣口 .44的噴流，以 往直到正前方，由於在充分的面積的通路所形成，從側面 空氣口 44所噴出’而如第7圖（A)所示會產生縮流情 形’且由於噴流的部分而速度差異很大，在與中心噴霧流 衝撞時，結果會容易產生紊流。相對於此，在本發明的構 造’如上述’來自於側面空氣口 44的噴流，在全體均勻 的寬廣的範圍與中心噴霧流衝撞，則不容易產生局部的差 異，因爲能均句地分散所以可生成扁平圖案。 作爲其他手段’如第5圖所示，即使在不將豎孔47 的入口縮小，在豎孔4 7內部的流路剖面沒有放大的情況 ’豎孔的剖面積與側面空氣口 44爲大致相同的剖面積的 情況，能流入到豎孔47的空氣量，與從側面空氣口 44噴 出的空氣量是一樣的，所以進入到豎孔47的內部的空氣 會回流而導致噴流的紊流，而能達到與上述同樣的效果。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖爲顯示本發明的一種實施例的噴槍的空氣蓋與 塗料噴嘴的組合剖面圖。 第2圖是組合第1圖的噴槍的剖面圖。 第3圖是顯示本發明的空氣蓋的主要部分的剖面圖。 第4圖是第3圖的右側面圖。 第5圖是顯示本發明的其他實施例的空氣蓋的剖面圖 〇 第6圖是僅顯示本發明的空氣蓋的其他實施例的主要 -12- (10) (10)1357357 部分的說明圖。 第7圖是顯示來自於側面空氣口的空氣流的狀態的說 明圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :噴槍主體 2 :塗料供給口 3 :塗料噴嘴 4 :空氣蓋 5 :針閥 6 :外殼 9 :噴出口 1 1 :作動活塞 1 2 :中心空氣通路 1 3 :中心空氣室 1 4 :側面空氣通路 1 5 :側面空氣室 16 :薄片部 3 1 :後部螺紋 32 :塗料通路 3 3 :連通孔 41 :軸襯 42 :中心空氣口 43 :角部 13- (11) (11)13573571357357 (1) IX. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an air lance that atomizes a paint or the like by blowing air toward a coated object, in particular, with respect to formation. An atomizing air cap of an externally mixed air lance that allows the atomized particles to be uniformly dispersed during spraying. [Prior Art] An air lance that uses atomized air to atomize a coating to form a coating surface is widely used in various fields. Among them, industrial spray guns used for finishing of metal, woodwork, plastic products, etc., have steadily required higher spray performance due to the diversification of paints in recent years and the improvement in quality required for the objects to be coated. These industrial spray guns are formed by atomizing the paint into a mist and blowing it onto the object to be coated. Therefore, regardless of the complicated surface or plane, a uniform smooth surface can be obtained, and on the other hand, There is a big problem that the scattered paint particles that are not attached to the object to be coated are wasted, and there are many problems that need to be solved, such as improving the coating efficiency, effectively utilizing resources, and preventing deterioration of the coating environment. Improve work efficiency to improve productivity and improve atomization performance to improve film quality, and many of these factors can be said to depend on the atomization structure of the spray gun. Generally, the atomization structure of the air lance is mainly composed of a paint nozzle having a paint discharge port and an air cover provided with an atomizing air hole, and the combination of the structures is used to atomize the paint, which determines The state of blowing into the coated -4- (2) (2) 1357357 is also the performance of the blown pattern. In the actual lance, it has the necessary functions combined with: a paint valve for controlling the paint sprayed from the paint nozzle, and a regulating valve or air passage for adjusting the compressed air ejected from each air port of the air cover. . A representative configuration of the atomization structure can be understood in many examples. The general configuration is a combination: a coating nozzle having a discharge port formed at a center portion, and a central air port of the air cover is disposed at a discharge port thereof An annular air port is formed around the circumference. The atomization of the paint is carried out by ejecting compressed air from a ring-shaped central air port in the form of a wrap from the center of the paint. Further, in the air cover, a pair of protrusions called a corner portion are formed on both outer sides of the center air port, and a side air port which is ejected from the corner portion toward the center is provided, and the atomization flow from the center portion is two The sides cause the compressed air to collide and form a pattern of spray streams. The side air port is formed to intersect the spray flow from the center from both sides to form an obtuse angle. The direction, the strength, the amount of air, and the like of the conflicting side air are various structures in consideration of various experiences, and a structure suitable for various conditions such as paint, coating quality, and coating condition is proposed. Generally, the simplest construction, with a pair of side air ports relative to the center air □, is best if the desired pattern shape is obtained in this configuration. The improvement in the spray pattern of the air lance has hitherto been a spray air hole with respect to the center, by increasing the side air port or the auxiliary air port. In general, the more advanced the finishing spray gun, the more air ports there are. -5- (3) (3) 1357357 For example, if you want to make the width of the pattern wider, you can add two pairs of side air ports by increasing the side air port and increasing the conflict air from both sides. However, 'only the air from the side air port is reinforced, and the fluid concentrated in the center of the spray stream will only crush the central portion of the spray pattern, and the central portion called the so-called internal crack phenomenon will become permeable. The pattern cannot be applied as an average film thickness. In this case, the auxiliary air port is provided, and the side air conflict is adjusted in advance by the auxiliary air on the side parallel to the side air to adjust the distribution of the center spray flow, or to allow the side air jet to collide in a wider width. The center of the spray stream. For the purpose of uniformly coating a uniform film thickness during coating, it is desirable to make the pattern shape of the spray uniform, and in order to obtain a high film quality, it is not necessary to uniformize the film thickness distribution of the coating result. And it is important to make the spray state uniform. Regarding the resin coating of the larger automobile industry or film coating, the uneven flow of the spray state will directly affect the coated surface. Therefore, the biggest problem is to form a uniform coating surface without mottled conditions. Spraying, due to the relationship between the process of atomization of the paint and the flow of the compressed gas, turbulence may occur in the formation of the spray, which may become uneven in the spray, and may be averaged by recoating or the like, when the coating film is formed. 'Experience to reduce the rate of uneven spray. However, as described above, in the case of resin coating, in the case where a coating having a high-grade feeling is applied as a film, or in the case of automotive coating, in the case where the final finished coated surface is finished by a high-grade coating, the machine is mechanically Ways to reduce the spray unevenness caused by spray -6-1357357 (4) and the uneven distribution of spray flow distribution 'help to solve these problems, the result is reduced waste of resources, resulting in industrial and economic The effect on it. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, in the conventional airbag, the film thickness distribution of the spray pattern can be appropriately maintained, and the pattern shape can be formed into a spray pattern suitable for the purpose of coating. The technique of reducing the unevenness of the spray during spraying is not sufficient. That is to say, as a result of the improvement of the spray pattern, it has been desired to improve the distribution of the spray flow or the improvement of the surface properties. On the other hand, in the air atomizing spray gun of the present invention, an air cap structure is proposed, which can improve the uneven spray during spraying, and as a result, the coating on the coated surface can be made uniform. If it can be improved, an air cover can be obtained, and a uniform coating surface can be obtained without providing complicated and many air holes, and the atomization device can be easily fabricated by simplification of the simplification, in the air cover which has been improved, The air cover excellent in uniformity of distribution can be obtained, and the finishing process of the coating can be improved, and in particular, an atomizing device can be obtained without generating a coating surface which is easily produced by film coating with a low-viscosity paint or the like. It is easy to form a smooth, high-quality coating film in an untidy situation. [Means for Solving the Problem] It is installed in an air lance that is atomized by compressed air. (7) (7) 1357357 It can also be applied to a manual with a trigger that can be blown manually. spray gun. The spray gun main body 1 is provided with an atomizing device at the front portion, and is provided with an actuating and adjusting device at the rear portion, a paint supply port 2 at the center portion, and a compressed air introduction port for spraying which is not shown. The atomizing device portion at the tip end is mainly composed of a paint nozzle 3, an air cover 4, and a needle valve 5. The air cover 4 is detachably attached to the lance main body 1 by the outer casing 6. As shown in Fig. 1, the atomizing device is configured such that the coating nozzle 3 is screwed into the lance body 1 by the rear thread 31, and the paint at the center of the coating supply port 2 and the coating nozzle 3 is closely connected to the rear end. Pathway 32. The tip end of the coating nozzle 3 is provided with a discharge port 9, and the inner peripheral surface allows the front end of the needle valve 5 to advance and retreat to open and close. In the example of the figure, the actuation is controlled by the actuating piston 11 at the rear. The actuator is a configuration that is adjusted by adjusting the knob, and its configuration is shown in many conventional examples. When the paint nozzle 3 is assembled to the lance main body, it is partitioned by the sheet portion 16: a central air chamber 13 opened at the center of the lance body 1 and a side air chamber 15 opened by the side air passage 14 are: The air from the outer side air chamber 15 is surrounded by the outer periphery of the paint nozzle 3, communicates with the inner chamber 45 of the air cover 4, and the air of the inner central air chamber 13 passes through the communication hole provided in the paint nozzle 3. 33, and the center port 46» which is connected to the air cover 4, as in the structure known so far, is formed at the center portion so as to surround the outer periphery of the discharge port 9 of the paint nozzle 3: in the form of an annular gap The formed central air port 42' is provided at a corner portion 43 projecting to both sides thereof, and is provided with a side air port-10-(8)(8)135735744 which ejects the side surface air toward the center. The number, size, direction, and the like of the side air ports 44 are selected according to the spray conditions, and only one example is shown. Further, two sets of the pair of corner portions 43 are provided and arranged to intersect each other perpendicularly, and the direction in which the spray pattern (mode) is used to distinguish the direction in which the spray pattern (mode) is applied can also be applied to the side air forming the spray pattern, although The vertical hole 47 provided in the corner portion 43 of the air cover 4 is ejected from the side air port 44. In the present invention, the inlet portion is reduced to a smaller sectional area than the vertical hole 47. The example of Fig. 3 which is partially shown is a structure in which the small bush 41 of the inner bore 48 is fitted, and the cross-sectional area is restricted at the inlet to constitute a passage state in which the inside of the vertical bore 47 is widened. The present invention is not limited to this example. As shown in Fig. 6, by forming a sharp-shaped cylindrical jig 20 with a tip end portion slightly larger than the opening diameter of the inlet portion, the inlet portion is caulked into a circular shape to reduce the passage section. The area is also ok. This method can be carried out under conditions in which plastic deformation is applied quantitatively, and some other means can be employed by investigating additional processing means. In the above configuration, the side air is usually input to the extent of 50 to 4 〇 0 kPa (kPa), and flows into the vertical hole 47. At this time, the throttle portion becomes a local velocity (sonic or subsonic), and when entering the inside of the vertical hole 47, turbulence is formed due to the enlargement of the passage area, and is ejected from the side air port 44. Therefore, the flow of air ejected from the side air port 44 rarely causes a contraction flow to the turbulent state until the wall surface speed of the air port is not reduced, and the air flow with the complete inner diameter of the side air port 44 collides with the center. The spray flows to form a flat pattern. -11 - (9) (9) 1357357 The jet flow from the side air port .44 which forms a flat pattern is conventionally upright, and is formed by a passage of a sufficient area to be ejected from the side air port 44. Fig. 7(A) shows a situation of shrinkage flow' and the speed difference is large due to the portion of the jet flow, and when it collides with the center spray stream, turbulence is likely to occur as a result. On the other hand, in the structure of the present invention, as described above, the jet flow from the side air port 44 collides with the center spray flow in a uniform wide range, and it is not easy to cause a local difference, because it can be uniformly dispersed. A flat pattern can be created. As another means, as shown in Fig. 5, even if the entrance of the vertical hole 47 is not narrowed, the flow path section inside the vertical hole 47 is not enlarged. The sectional area of the vertical hole is substantially the same as that of the side air port 44. In the case of the sectional area, the amount of air that can flow into the vertical hole 47 is the same as the amount of air ejected from the side air port 44, so the air entering the inside of the vertical hole 47 is recirculated to cause turbulence of the jet flow, and Can achieve the same effect as above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing the combination of an air cover and a paint nozzle of a spray gun according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the spray gun in combination with Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the main part of the air cover of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a right side view of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an air cap according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is an explanatory view showing only a portion of the main -12-(10) (10) 1357357 of another embodiment of the air cap of the present invention. Fig. 7 is an explanatory view showing the state of the air flow from the side air port. [Description of main components] 1 : Gun main body 2 : Paint supply port 3 : Paint nozzle 4 : Air cover 5 : Needle valve 6 : Housing 9 : Outlet 1 1 : Actuating piston 1 2 : Center air passage 1 3 : Center air Chamber 14: side air passage 15: side air chamber 16: sheet portion 3 1 : rear thread 32: paint passage 3 3 : communication hole 41: bushing 42: center air port 43: corner portion 13- (11) ( 11) 1357357
4 4 :側面空氣口 45 :內面室 46 :中心口室 4 7 :豎孔 -144 4 : Side air port 45 : Inner chamber 46 : Center chamber 4 7 : Vertical hole -14