(2) 1336800 雙隙型結構：在一個畫素中設置了反射顯示區域和透射顯 示區域，將反射顯示區域的單元間隙做成透射顯示區域的 單元間隙的一半左右。 這是因爲，在反射顯示區域中，從外部射入的光在到 達觀察者爲止的期間內透射2次液晶層，而在透射顯示區 域中，光僅透射液晶層一次後到達觀察者，因此，該技術 消除了若設定爲相同的液晶層厚，則透射顯示區域和發射 φ 顯示區域的光學條件不同，從而色度（色味）和反差等變 化的情況。 但是，作爲將反射顯示區域和透射顯示區域設置在一 個畫素內的結構，若進一步設定爲雙隙結構，則需要在一 個畫素內將反射顯示區域的液晶和透射顯示區域的液晶分 別設定爲最佳的配向狀態。但是，在雙隙結構中，每個區 - 域的液晶層厚不同，成爲在反射顯示區域和透射顯示區域 中有階梯的結構，因此，必須要對帶階梯的各區域的配向 φ 膜賦予最優的配向特性。 近年來，以液晶顯示裝置的寬視場角化和高速回應性 爲目的，正在硏究被稱作 OCB( Optical Compensated Bend )模式的顯示方式，但在該〇CB模式的液晶顯示裝 置中，需要將上下基板的配向膜的預傾斜方向作爲逆向， 使液晶彎曲配向，並且，在能進行彎曲配向的液晶單元中 進一步附設補償濾光器。 [專利文獻1]專利第323 5 1 02號公報 上述0CB模式的液晶需要將噴射（spray)配向的液 -5- (3) 1336800 晶在施加電壓時轉變成彎曲配向狀態’在現有技術中’爲 了使噴射配向狀態的液晶成爲彎曲配向狀態的液晶，有報 告稱需要施加I 0 V電壓1小時左右’實用上將液晶的噴射 配向狀態順利地轉變到彎曲配向狀態就極其困難。 【發明內容】 本發明鑒於上述事情，目的在於提供一種在具有光反 φ 射顯示部和光透射顯示部的半透過反射型液晶顯示裝置中 ，能夠容易進行液晶從噴射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉 變的OCB模式的半透過反射型液晶顯示裝置。 本發明的特徵在於，具有在相對配置的基板間封入了 液晶的OCB模式的液晶面板，在上述一方基板的液晶層 側的面和上述另一方基板的液晶層側的面上分別形成電極 ，和配向膜，將上述另一方基板的電極的一部分作爲光反射 性畫素電極，在上述畫素電極的一部分形成透射部，在該 φ 透射部的形成區域中形成透明電極而作爲光透射顯示部， 在光反射顯示部形成上述光反射性畫素電極形成區域，使 上述一方基板側的配向膜的液晶易配向軸的方向和上述另 一方基板側的配向膜的液晶易配向軸的方向平行，並且， 在上述光透射顯示部的上述一方基板側，在上述液晶側的 部分形成多個凸部或凹部，在上述光透射顯示部，覆蓋上 述凸部或凹部形成透明電極和配向膜，在上述配向膜上形 成斜面’該斜面促進能使液晶成爲從噴射配向狀態轉變到 彎曲配向狀態的核的液晶配向。 -6- (4) 1336800 在〇CB模式的液晶面板中，將噴射配向狀態的液晶 分子轉變到彎曲配向狀態後進行驅動。噴射配向狀態的液 晶分子中，接近配向膜的位置上的液晶分子相對於基板以 小預傾角進行配向，並且，位於基板間的液晶分子成爲示 出沿著基板面方向的配向方位的噴射配向狀態。對此，在 本發明的結構中，通過在光透射顯示部設置凸部或凹部， 在其上形成的配向膜上形成斜面，利用該斜面，在液晶分 φ 子中部分地生成比噴射配向狀態的液晶分子高的預傾斜的 區域。由於存在於接近前述的斜面的位置的液晶分子即高 預傾斜區域的液晶分子，是容易由沒有斜面的區域的液晶 分子變爲彎曲配向狀態的狀態，因此，高預傾角區域的液 晶分子就能成爲向彎曲配向狀態轉變時的液晶分子的配向 開始的核。從而，通過實現上述結構，能夠順利地進行從 , 噴射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉變。 本發明的特徵在於，具有在相對配置的基板間封入了 • 液晶的OCB模式的液晶面板，在上述一方基板的液晶層 側的面和上述另一方基板的液晶層側的面上分別形成電極 和配向膜，將上述另一方基板的電極的一部分作爲光反射 性的畫素電極，在上述畫素電極的一部分中形成透射部， 在該透射部的形成區域中形成透明電極而作爲光透射顯示 部，在光反射顯示部中形成上述光反射性的畫素電極形成 區域，使上述一方基板側的配向膜的液晶易配向軸的方向 和上述另一方基板側的配向膜的液晶易配向軸的方向平行 ，並且，在上述光反射性畫素電極下面設置絕緣層，設定 7 ⑧ (5) 1336800 爲上述光反射顯示部的液晶層的厚度比上述光透射顯示部 的液晶層的厚度大的多隙結構，另一方面，在上述光透射 顯示部的上述一方基板側，在上述液晶側的部分形成多個 凸部或凹部，覆蓋該凸部或凹部而在上述光透射顯示部中 覆蓋上述凸部或凹部來形成透明電極和配向膜，在上述配 向膜上形成斜面，該斜面促進能使液晶成爲從噴射配向狀 態轉變到彎曲配向狀態的核的液晶配向。 φ 在OCB模式的液晶面板中，將噴射配向狀態的液晶 分子轉變到彎曲配向狀態後進行驅動。噴射配向狀態的液 晶分子中，接近配向膜的位置上的液晶分子相對於基板以 小預傾角進行配向，並且，位於基板間的液晶分子成爲示 出沿著基板面方向的配向方位的噴射配向狀態。對此，在 上述的結構中，通過在光透射顯示部中設置凸部或凹部， 在其上形成的配向膜上形成斜面，利用該斜面，在液晶分 子中生成比噴射配向狀態的液晶分子高的預傾斜的區域。 φ 由於該高預傾斜區域的液晶分子是容易從沒有斜面的區域 的液晶分子變爲彎曲配向狀態的狀態，因此，高預傾角區 域的液晶分子就能成爲向彎曲配向狀態轉變時的液晶分子 的配向開始的核。從而，利用本發明的結構，就能夠順利 地進行從噴射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀態的轉變。 此外，通過設定爲在光反射性畫素電極下面設置絕緣 層，使上述光反射顯示部的液晶層的厚度比上述光透射顯 示部的液晶層的厚度大的多隙結構，能夠使光反射顯示部 中的反射光的光路和光透射部中的透射光的光路均等，光 ⑧ -8- (6) 1336800 學條件的設定變容易，能夠得到在彩色顯示時的反射顯示 和透射顯示的色度差異少的彩色顯示中所期望的方式。 本發明的特徵在於，上述斜面的方向是沿著上述配向 膜的液晶易配向軸的方向的方向，與在〇CB模式液晶的 彎曲配向時沿著上述一方基板側的液晶所示出的方向一致 〇 通過形成上述斜面，能夠生成液晶分子的高預傾角區 φ 域，但在液晶分子的易配向軸的方向沿著上述斜面的情況 下，能夠進一步可靠促進從液晶分子的噴射配向狀態向彎 曲配向狀態的轉變。若上述斜面沿著彎曲配向時的液晶分 子的方向，則能在噴射配向狀態時已經使液晶分子的一部 分配向爲接近彎曲配向狀態的狀態，這樣，在使其向彎曲 配向轉變時，就能夠使液晶分子順利地配向》 本發明的特徵在於，上述凸部爲截面不等邊三角形或 角錐形。 • 能夠用截面不等邊三角形或角錐形的凸部實現促進前 述的彎曲配向的斜面，通過利用這些形狀的凸部的斜面形 成液晶分子的高預傾角的區域，來促進向彎曲配向的轉變 〇 本發明的特徵在於，在上述光反射性的畫素電極的下 面設置絕緣層，在該絕緣層上形成凹凸部，在上述凹凸部 上沿著該凹凸部形狀形成上述光反射性畫素電極。 通過具有凹凸形狀的光反射性畫素電極，能夠在反射 顯示時使反射光擴散，在寬範圍內實現明亮的顯示形態。 ⑧ -9 - (7) 1336800 本發明的特徵在於，形成在上述光透射顯示部的上述 一方側基板的液晶側的多個凸部或凹部，由與形成在上述 光反射顯示部的畫素電極下面的絕緣層相同的絕緣材料構 成。 若由與光反射顯示部的畫素電極下的絕緣層相同的絕 緣材料形成上述凸部或凹部，則能夠利用形成畫素電極下 的絕緣層時所利用的絕緣層的一部分，來在光透射顯示部 φ 形成凸部或凹部。 例如，在基板整個面上形成了絕緣層後，進行去除絕 緣層的一部分的刻蝕來形成透射顯示部的坑窪部時，若在 透射顯示部底部保留絕緣層的一部分，並使其形成爲凸部 或凹部的形狀，則不用另外進行形成凸部和凹部的工序即 可進入形成透射顯示部的工序，因此，能夠不增加另外的 ,製造工序來形成凸部或凹部。 φ 發明效果 在OCB模式的液晶面板中，將噴射配向狀態的液晶 分子轉變到彎曲配向狀態後進行驅動。噴射配向狀態的液 晶分子中，接近配向膜的位置上的液晶分子相對於基板以 小的預傾角進行配向，同時，位於基板間的液晶分子成爲 示出沿著基板面方向的配向方位的噴射配向狀態。對此， 在上述的結構中，通過在光透射顯示部中設置凸部或凹部 ，就在其上形成的配向膜上形成斜面，利用該斜面，在液 晶分子中生成比噴射配向狀態的液晶分子高的預傾斜的區 ⑧ -10- (8) 1336800 域。由於該高預傾斜區域的液晶分子處於容易變爲彎曲配 向狀態的狀態，因此，高預傾角區域的液晶分子能成爲向 彎曲配向狀態轉變時的液晶分子的配向開始的核。從而’ 利用上述結構，就能夠順利進行從噴射配向狀態向彎曲配 向狀態的轉變。 【實施方式】 φ 下面，參照附圖，對本發明的液晶顯示裝置的第一實 施方式進行說明。 再有，在以下的全部附圖中，爲了易於觀察附圖，用 適當不同的厚度或尺寸等比率示出了各結構要素。 圖1〜圖8示出了本發明的半透過反射型液晶顯示裝 置的第一實施方式，該方式的半透過反射型液晶顯示裝置 A如圖2的整體結構所示，具有：作爲主體的OCB模式的 液晶面板1 ;配置在該液晶面板1的背面側的背光B L ;根 φ 據需要配置在液晶面板1的上表面側的前光FL。 “液晶面板的結構” 上述液晶面板〗如圖3的槪略結構所示，具有：形成 有開關元件的一側的主動矩陣基板（下基板：另一方的基 板）2;相對所述主動矩陣基板設置的相對側的基板（上 基板：一方的基板）3;被基板2、3和密封材料4包圍夾 持在這些基板2、3之間而作爲光調製層的液晶層5。即， 如上所述構成的基板2、3被間隔件（無圖示）保持在相 ⑧ -11 - (9) 1336800 互離開一定距離的狀態，並且，如圖2所示，利用矩形邊 框狀地塗敷在基板四周的熱固性密封材料4粘接成一體。 主動矩陣基板2如圖1、圖4或圖5所示，在由玻璃 或塑膠等構成的透明的基板主體6上，多條掃描線7和信 號線8在俯視的各行方向（圖4、圖5的X方向）和列方 向（圖4、圖5的y方向）上相互電絕緣地形成，在各掃 描線7和信號線8的交叉部的附近形成有TFT (開關元件 φ ) 10。可以將在上述基板主體6上形成畫素電極11的區 域、形成TFT 1 0的區域、形成掃描線7和信號線8的區域 分別稱作畫素區域、元件區域和佈線區域。 本實施方式的TFT10具有反交錯型的結構，從成爲主 體的基板主體6的最下層開始依次形成閘極電極13、閘極 絕緣膜15、i型半導體層14、源極電極17和汲極電極18 ，，在i型半導體層14的上面，在源極電極17與汲極電極 1 8之間形成有限制刻蝕層9。 • 即，掃描線7的一部分延伸形成閘極電極13，在覆蓋 了它的閘極絕緣膜1 5上形成俯視爲跨過閘極電極1 3的島 狀半導體層14,在該i型半導體層14的兩端側中的一方 上隔著η型半導體層16形成了源極電極17，在另一方上 隔著η型半導體層16形成了汲極電極18。 除了玻璃以外，基板主體6由合成樹脂等絕緣性透明 基板構成。閘極電極13由導電性金屬材料構成’如圖4 所示，與在行方向上配設的掃描線7形成一體。閘極絕緣 膜15由氧化矽（SiOx )或氮化矽（SiNy )等矽系的絕緣 -12- ⑧ (10) 1336800 膜構成，覆蓋掃描線7和閘極電極1 3而形成在基板上。 上述半導體層1 4由非晶矽（a - S i )等構成，隔著閘 極絕緣膜1 5與閘極電極I 3對置的區域構成爲溝道區域。 源極電極17和汲極電極18由導電材料構成，在半導體層 14上夾著溝道區域對置地形成。此外，從列方向上配設的 信號線8分別延伸形成了汲極電極〗8。 再有，爲了在i型半導體層14與源極電極17和汲極 φ 電極18之間得到良好的歐姆接觸，在半導體層14與各電 極〗7、18之間設置了高濃度摻雜了磷（P)等V族元素的 η型半導體層（歐姆接觸層）16。然後，在基板主體6上 形成有源極絕緣膜20Α，該源極絕緣膜20Α覆蓋如上說明 那樣構成的薄膜電晶體1 〇的部分和掃描線7及信號線8。 將該源極絕緣膜20Α形成爲能夠遮蓋前述的TFT10的程 度的厚膜狀，將其上表面平整化。即，利用該厚膜的絕緣 膜2 0Α，使由TFT 10或各種佈線形成的基板主體6上的階 φ 梯結構平整化。再有，在該實施方式中，作爲開關元件而 設置了反交錯型的TFT10，但開關元件當然也可以使用其 他疊層結構的薄膜電晶體或薄膜二極體元件等開關元件。 另外，在前述的源極絕緣膜20A的上面層疊由有機材 料構成的絕緣膜20B，在該絕緣膜20B上形成了由A1和 Ag等高反射率金屬材料構成的光擴散反射性畫素電極（ 光反射性的畫素電極）Π。 上述光反射性畫素電極1 1形成在絕緣膜20B上，形 成爲比前述的掃描線7和信號線8包圍的矩形區域小一些 (11) 1336800 的俯視矩形形狀，在如圖5所示俯視的情況下，隔規定間 隔配置成矩陣狀，使得上下左右排列的畫素電極1 1彼此 之間不短路。即，將這些畫素電極11配置成它們的端邊 沿著位於它們下面的掃描線7和信號線8，形成爲掃描線 7和彳目遗線8劃分的區域的大體整個區域作爲畫素區域。 再有，這些畫素區域的集合相當於液晶面板1中的顯示區 域。 φ 上述絕緣膜20B是由丙烯類樹脂、聚酰亞胺類樹脂、 苯並環丁稀（benzocyclobutene)聚合物（BCB)等構成 的有機類絕緣膜，強化了 T F T 1 0的保護功能。該絕緣膜 20B在基板主體6上比其他層層疊得較厚，使得畫素電極 1 1與TFT 10和各種佈線可靠地絕緣，防止在與畫素電極 Π之間産生大的寄生電容。 .在上述的絕緣膜20A、B中，直到前述的各源極電極 17的一個端部17a形成接觸孔2]，在該接觸孔21的內部 φ 形成由導電材料構成的連接部25，該連接部25電連接位 於該接觸孔21上下的畫素電極11和源極電極17 —端的 連接部17a，可以利用TFT 10的工作來轉換對畫素電極11 通電的開關。 在前述的絕緣膜20B中形成俯視爲長方形的坑窪部 22，該坑窪部22位於掃描線7和信號線8所包圍的矩形 區域的中央部分，貫通絕緣膜20B到達絕緣膜20A。該坑 窪部22的平面形狀最好是前述畫素電極11的寬度的數分 之一左右、畫素電極1〗的長度的5〜6分之一左右，綜合 -14- (12) 1336800 是畫素電極11的總面積的20〜50%左右的大小》 此外，在坑窪部22的底面側，在絕緣膜20A的上表 面側，相互離開並直線排列形成有多個圖1的剖面視三角 波形的凸部24。這些凸部24形成爲高度是0.1〜Ιμηι，最 佳爲0.〗〜0·3μηι的範圍，它們各自的形狀可以形成爲： 每一個凸部24獨立的三角錐、四角錐等多角錐、或者圓 錐、角錐等形狀獨立並相互離開且直線排列形成的形狀、 φ 或者這些連續形成的形狀等的某一種形狀。 但是，在這些凸部24中，最佳是具有在圖1的剖面 圖中向著左右方向的某一方的斜面 24a、24b的形狀，更 佳是在圖1的剖面圖中向著左側（向著接觸孔21側）的 斜面24a比向著其相反側的右側的斜面24b短（面積小） 的、截面不等邊三角形。關於如上形狀最佳的理由以後敍 .述。 接著’在相當於上述坑窪部22的位置的部分的畫素 # 電極〗】上’形成與坑窪部22的底面一致的平面形狀的透 射部（透孔）23，由透明電極材料構成的透明（畫素）電 極19形成爲覆蓋位於該畫素電極11的透射部23的下側 的坑窪部22的底面，延長形成而覆蓋坑窪部22的內周面 的畫素電極形成材料一直到達坑窪部底面的透明電極19 的周緣部’從而透明電極19與光反射性畫素電極Π電連 接。從而’能夠利用TFT 1 0的開關工作同時驅動光反射性 畫素電極1 1和透明電極1 9，對液晶層施加電場來進行液 晶的驅動。 ③ -15- (13) 1336800 從而，在各畫素區域中，將坑窪部22的形成部分作 爲透射來自基板2外側的入射光（從背光BL射出的光） 的光透射部30，將除此以外的區域即畫素電極11的非透 射部（沒形成透射部23的部分）作爲反射來自基板3的 外側的入射光的光反射部35。 此外，前述的光反射性畫素電極】1中的3個，與用 於後述的彩色顯示的大致1個畫素區域相對應，由於透射 φ 部23的底面積與透射顯示時的光透射區域相對應，因此 ，最好將透射部2在前述的畫素電極11的面積中所占的 面積比例設定在20〜50%的範圍內》另外，在該實施方式 中，在畫素電極11上僅形成了一個透射部23，但最好在 畫素電極11上形成多個透射部。該情況下，最好將合倂 了多個透射部的總面積設定在畫素電極11的面積的20〜 . 5〇%的範圍內。當然，該情況下，對準多個透射部的形成 位置，在各透射部的下面分別設置坑窪部。 φ 此外，在絕緣膜20B的表面上，在與畫素區域相對應 的位置上設置了多個凹部26，該凹部26由在絕緣膜2 0B 的上表面按壓轉印模的方法等來形成。形成在該絕緣膜 2 0B的上表面上的多個凹部26如圖5的虛線所示，對畫 素電極Π賦予規定的表面凹部形狀，利用形成在該畫素 電極1 1上的多個凹部27，使入射到液晶面板上的光部分 散射，賦予了能得到在更寬觀察範圍內更明亮的顯示的擴 散反射功能。此外，如圖6所示，緊密連接配置各凹部27 ’使得左右鄰接的凹部27相互鄰接它們的開口部側內面 -16- (14) 1336800 的一部分。關於這些畫素電極11的凹部27的詳細形狀的 說明以後敍述。 在如上所述構成的基板主體6上進一步形成有由聚酰 亞胺等構成的下基板側配向膜29a、29b，使得覆蓋畫素電 極〗1和絕緣層20B'坑窪部22和其底面及多個凸部24。 在這些下基板側配向膜29a、29b中，在光透射部30即坑 窪部22的底部側形成的配向膜是配向膜29a，在畫素電極 φ 1 1上形成的是配向膜29b。 對這些配向膜29a、29b，在圖1中箭頭所示的方向（ 圖1的剖面圖中向左）上實施摩擦處理，將液晶的易配向 軸的方向設定爲箭頭R所示的方向，並將預傾（pretilt ) 角設定在大於0°且小於等於10°，例如1〜10°的範圍內， 最佳是在5〜1 0°的範圍內。 再有，在坑窪部2的底部側的配向膜29a中，在形成 於其下側的凸部24上的配向膜29a上，形成有位於凸部 φ 24的斜面24a上面的斜面29al和位於凸部24的斜面24b 上面的斜面29a2。 圖1或圖3示出的對置基板3在由玻璃或塑膠等構成 的透光性基板主體41的液晶層5 —側面上，形成有彩色 濾光層42和ITO等透明的對置電極41 (共用電極）43及 上基板側配向膜44。再有，在圖1中，在基板主體41的 外面側’如圖]所示，根據需要設置了偏光板Η 1和相位 差板Η2、Η3。上述彩色濾光層42在由黑色矩陣劃分成網 紋形的矩形區域中分別配置了紅色、藍色和綠色這三元色 -17- (15) 1336800 中某一種顔色的彩色畫素，這些矩形區域與以圖5爲基礎 說明的俯視爲矩形的畫素電極1 1的形狀相對應，通過調 節這些各畫素電極1 1所對應的區域的液晶的透射率’能 夠進行彩色顯示。 上述上基板側配向膜44和形成在上述畫素電極11上 的平面部分中的配向膜29b，可以例示如圖7、8所示的凹 凸形狀的配向膜。 φ 上述配向膜（一方基板側的配向膜）44和上述配向膜 2 9b是由對表面賦予了形狀各向異性的高分子膜構成的配 向膜，將預傾角都設定在大於0°且小於等於10°，例如1 〜10°的範圍內，是在5〜10°的範圍內爲佳。 有關上述配向膜44、29b的配向控制的詳細技術，已 在本申請人的非專利文獻的SID93 DIGEST、957頁（93, -)中記載’但這些配向膜44、29b的表面形狀如圖7和圖 8所示’形成有沿著第一方向的微細凹凸和沿著與該第一 # 方向交叉的第二方向的微細凹凸。再有，圖8是沿著圖7 中的ΙΠ— III線的剖面圖，示出沿著第二方向的凸條54 的剖面。 此外’沿著第一方向的微細凹凸的節距P1比沿著第 二方向的節距P2短。節距P1是小於等於3.0μηι，最佳爲 大於等於0.05μηι小於等於〇·5μιη，節距Ρ2是小於等於 5 0μπι，最佳爲大於等於〇 5μηι小於等於5μπι。 通過如上所述地使節距Ρ 2的長度比節距ρ 1長，就容 易控制預傾角。 (16) 1336800 此外，第一方向的凹部的深度dl (或者第一方向的凸 部的高度）在〇.5μπι以下，最佳是等於Ο.ΟΙμηι小於等於 0.2μπι，第二方向的凹部的深度d2(或者第二方向的凸部 的高度）在小於等於〇 . 5 μιη，最佳是大於等於〇 . 〇 1 μηΐ小 於等於〇 · 2 μηι。此外，爲了不發生磁疇且得到作爲目的的 配向力，例如最好使沿著第二方向的微細的凹凸的緩斜面 62相對於基板10的傾斜角Θ大於0度小於等於10度。若 φ 傾斜角θ是0度，則磁疇發生顯著，若超過1 0度，則成 爲逐漸證實配向力降低的趨勢。 另外，如圖7所示，沿著第二方向的微細凹凸的各凸 部形成爲左右非對稱的大致三角形。即是被從三角形的頂 點向下的圖8所示的垂線Α分割的頂角的左右角度的比 . r2/rl不等於1的形狀。作爲上述凸條54的橫截面形狀， 考慮有類似sin波的形狀、梳形、三角形等各種形狀。其 中，在提高液晶的配向性的基礎上，最好是三角形。該情 φ 況下，三角形的頂部可以是圓角，也可以是平的缺角。在 設上述凸條54爲橫截面三角形的情況下，如圖7所示， 被從三角形的頂點向下的垂線A分割的頂角的左右角度的 比r2/rl最好在大於等於5.6的範圍。若設定爲該範圍的 比，則能夠將預傾角設定爲5〜8°。 這些配向膜44、29b的膜厚例如在500〜600A( 0.05 〜0·06μηι )左右。 作爲用於上述配向膜44、29b的高分子膜的材料，是 在硬化前可以利用較弱的剪力賦予剪應變的材料和/或能 -19- ⑧ (17) 1336800 利用應力塑性變形（塑性流動）的材料，例如，從聚酰亞 胺類、聚酷胺類、聚乙稀醇類、環氧類、變性環氧類、聚 本乙稀類、聚胺醋類、聚燃烴（p〇ly〇丨e fine)類、丙稀類 樹脂等中適當選擇使用。 作爲這些配向膜44、29b的形成方法，例如，可以利 用將在表面上形成有要轉印的微細凹凸花紋（用於形成沿 著上述第一方向的微細凹凸和沿著第二方向的微細凹凸的 φ 微細凹凸花紋）的轉印模按壓在由上述高分子膜材料構成 的層上，轉印上述微細的凹凸花紋的轉印法容易地製作， 上述層通過反射體和電極層形成在一方的基板上。 如下製作上述轉印模。首先，通過利用使用了 2倍相 干的雷射光束的全息干涉形成的柵格模型（柵格模）。在 該柵格模型的表面上形成與配向膜44、29b上形成的微細 . 凹凸花紋同樣的微細凹凸花紋。 接著，將上述栅格模型按壓在矽橡膠層上，從而在矽 φ 橡膠層的表面上形成與上述柵格模型的凹凸花紋相反的凹 凸花紋。接著，剝離柵格模型，得到由矽橡膠層構成的轉 印模。 下面，關於前面說明的絕緣膜20 B的上表面側的光擴 散反射用凹部27的形狀進行說明。 在該實施方式中，如圖9和圖10所示，將這些凹部 27的內面形成爲非對稱球面形，按規定角度（例如30°) 入射到畫素電極11上的光的擴散反射光的亮度分佈由該 正反射角度在某角度範圍內非對稱’並且’作爲觀察者的 -20- ⑧ (18) 1336800 視覺方向’集中在有效方向上。 在上述凹部27中’由從凹部27的一個周邊部S1到 最深點D的第一曲線a 1和與該第一曲線A 1連續的、從 凹部的最深點D到其他周邊部S2的第二曲線A2構成。 這兩曲線在最深點D，其相對於基板主體6的上表面的傾 斜角成爲零，相互連結。 上述第一曲線A1相對於基板主體上表面的傾斜角比 • 相對於第二曲線A2的傾斜角陡，最深點D位於從凹部2 7 的中心〇稍微向X方向偏移的位置上。即，第一曲線A 相對於基材表面S的傾斜角的絕對値的平均値比相對於第 二曲線B的基材表面S的傾斜角的絕對値的平均値大。 在本實施方式的反射體中，各凹部27中的各自的最 .大傾斜角dmax在2〜90°的範圍內有不規則的偏差。但是 ，多數凹部最大傾斜角dmax在4°〜35°的範圍內有不規則 的偏差。 φ 此外，從製造的容易性來看，將凹部27的直徑設定 爲5μιη〜ΙΟΟμηι。另外，將凹部27的深度形成在〇_1μπι〜 3 μηι的範圍內。 再有，在圖5中示出的畫素電極II的平面形狀中， 爲了簡化附圖，省略了畫素電極11上的凹部27，但由於 畫素電極11在通常的液晶面板中是縱100〜200μιη左右、 寬度30〜90μηι左右的大小，因此，在圖5的一個畫素上 用虛線示出了前述的凹部27相對於畫素電極11的相對大 小的一例。 -21 - (19) 1336800 另外，由於將這些形成在凹部27上面的配向膜29b 的膜厚設定爲500〜600A左右，因此，在配向膜29b的上 表面也維持凹部27的形狀，故在位於凹部27上面的液晶 分子中，例如圖1 〇所示，也使液晶分子的配向控制力沿 著沿第二曲線A2的斜面作用。從而，將這些凹部27的內 面的大部分設定爲高預傾角區域生成用的斜面27a，該斜 面2 7a能讓液晶分子表現比配向膜29b發揮的1〜10°範圍 φ 的預傾角大的預傾斜。 在本實施方式的半透過反射型液晶顯示裝置A中，如 圖1所示，在位於畫素電極11上形成的透射部23的下面 位置的絕緣膜20上形成坑窪部22，通過也向該坑窪部22 內導入液晶，使光透射部30上的液晶層5的厚度d3成爲 . 比光反射部3 5上的液晶層5的厚度d4大的値，最佳是使 . 光透射部30上的液晶層5的厚度d3成爲大約2倍於光反 射部3 5上的液晶層5的厚度d4的値。利用該結構，能夠 φ 使透射顯示部30中的光的透射路徑與反射顯示部35中的 光的反射路徑大致相等，能夠使反射顯示時的彩色顯示的 色度（色味）和透射顯示時的彩色顯示的色度盡可能地沒 有差別。 “背光的結構” 該實施方式的半透過反射型顯示裝置A中適用的背光 BL如圖2所示，設置在液晶面板1的背面，大致包括由 平板狀的透明丙烯酸樹脂等構成的導光板52和光源53及 ⑧ -22- (20) 1336800 棒導光體55。 透明導光板5 2配置在液晶面板1的背面，向液晶面 板1照射從光源5 3射出的光。從圖2中示出的光源5 3射 出的光通過端面導入到導光板52的內部，能夠在形成於 導光板5 2背面的棱鏡形狀的凹凸部等光反射部中改變光 路後’從導光板上面的射出面向液晶面板1射出。在該背 光B L與液晶面板1之間，根據需要配置了偏光板和相位 ^ 差板。 “前光的結構” 該實施方式的半透過反射型顯示裝置A中適用的前光 FL如圖2所示’由導光板72和光源73構成，光源73配 - 設在向導光板72導入光的端部。此外，導光板72由透明 • 樹脂形成，導光板72下表面（液晶面板1側的面）作爲 射出用於照明液晶面板1的光的射出面，與該射出面相反 0 側的面（導光板72的上表面）作爲用於改變在其內部傳 播的光的方向的反射面（導光裝置）。 爲了使在其內部傳播的光反射後改變傳播方向，在該 反射面上按規定間距帶狀地形成了多個楔形溝74。該溝 74由相對於射出面傾斜形成的緩斜面部和急斜面部構成， 各溝74的形成方向一致’平行於導光板72的側端面。再 有，按規定間隔和寬度形成導光板72的上表面的溝74， 使其不會成爲通過導光板72看液晶面板1的顯示時的障 礙。 -23- (21) 1336800 在導光板72的側端面側配置了棒狀的棒導光體76, 在該棒導光體76的兩端部配置了光源73。 由於以上說明的背光BL和前光FL的結構是在本實 施方式中採用的一個例子，因此，不限於該例子的結構， 當然可以在本發明中適當使用作爲液晶顯示裝置用的一般 的背光和前光。 如以上說明所述構成的本實施方式的半透過反射型顯 φ 示裝置A，在無電場施加時液晶分子如圖11所示配向。 即，在光透射顯示部30中，配向膜44與配向膜29a之間 的液晶分子基本上爲噴射（spray )配向狀態，在光反射顯 示部35中，配向膜44與配向膜29a之間的液晶分子基本 上爲噴射配向狀態。 此外，利用配向膜44和配向膜29b，對與它們鄰近的 . 位置上的液晶分子賦予1〜1〇°左右的預傾角。 但是，在光反射顯示部35中，與凹部27內面的斜面 φ 27a鄰接的位置的液晶分子被賦予了大於前述的1〜10°左 右的高預傾角。此外，在光透射顯示部30中，與凸部24 的斜面24a、27a鄰接的位匱的液晶分子被賦予了大於前 述的1〜1 0°左右的高預傾角。 若在圖Π所示的狀態下，對畫素電極】1和透明電極 1 9通電而對液晶層施加電場，則在光透射顯示部3 0和光 反射顯示部3 5中，液晶分子從噴射配向狀態向彎曲（ bend )配向狀態轉變》 下面，與圖11和圖】2比較示出前面已說明的配向膜 -24- (22) 1336800 44表面的凸條54的方向和液晶分子的配向狀態及前面已 說明的凸部24和其上面的配向膜2 9a表面的凹凸的方向 〇 如圖1 1和圖12所示，設定下基板側的配向膜29a的 緩斜面向著右下（斜向右下坡度），設定上基板側的配向 膜44的傾斜面62向著右上（斜向右上坡度），通過將上 下的配向膜的摩擦方向都設爲R方向，形成了在無電壓施 φ 加狀態下如圖Π所示成爲噴射配向狀態的液晶分子。 即，在光透射部30的區域中，存在於配向膜29a、44 之間的液晶分子成爲下述狀態：與配向膜29a最近的位置 上的液晶分子的方向按1〜I 0°左右的預傾角斜向右下，與 配向膜44最近的位置上的液晶分子的方向按1〜1〇°左右 • 的預傾角中斜向右上。 相對於此，光反射區域35中的配向膜44與前面說明 的光透射部30的配向膜44雖然同等，但光反射部35中 • 的配向膜29b在其平面狀的部分，液晶分子的配向狀態如 圖11所示，與配向膜44最近的位置上的液晶分子的方向 按1〜10°左右的預傾角斜向右上，與配向膜29b最近的位 置上的液晶分子的方向按1〜10°左右的預傾角斜向右下》 接著，由於在配向膜2 9b下面的光反射性畫素電極11 上形成了如圖9和圖10所示形狀的多個凹部27，因此， 在這些凹部27中形成的配向膜29b的部分形成了沿著凹 部27的輪廓形狀的凹部。 利用該配向膜29b的凹部27的斜面27a，例如如圖 -25- (23) 1336800 10所示，在液晶分子中，僅在與凹部27最近部分的液晶 分子中，生成賦予了大預傾角的上升的高預傾角區域。 關於前述的透射顯示區域3 0的液晶配向狀態，在圖 1 3中記載了凸部24與液晶分子的位置關係。若在該狀態 下’通過TFT10向畫素電極11和透明電極19通電以對液 晶層施加電場，則沿著凸部24的斜面24b上的配向膜的 斜面29al配向的圖14的E1區域的液晶分子順利向彎曲 • 配向狀態轉變，成爲彎曲配向狀態，其他液晶分子開始學 著該彎曲配向狀態的液晶分子配向，其結果，全體的液晶 分子轉變到彎曲配向狀態。在此，在圖]4中，存在於左 右相鄰的凸部24與凸部24之間的、成爲噴射配向狀態的 E3區域的液晶分子，在向彎曲配向狀態轉變時，受E1區 - 域的液晶分子的影響，液晶分子的移動變得容易，因此， 存在於E1區域中的正在配向的液晶分子就成爲其他區域 的液晶分子向彎曲配向的轉變開始的核。基於如上的理由 • ’根據本實施方式的結構，從噴射配向狀態向彎曲配向狀 態的轉變順利進行。 在本實施方式的半透過反射型顯示裝置A中，從圖 11中示出的噴射配向狀態向圖12中示出的彎曲配向狀態 轉換，利用在彎曲配向狀態下施加的電場的強弱來控制液 晶分子的配向，進行液晶顯示的灰度顯示。在這樣改變配 向狀態的OCB模式的液晶面板1中，由於能夠進行OCB 模式所特有的高速開關，因此具有能夠實現例如1 5msec 以下的回應時間，能夠與可高速重寫的動畫顯示相對應的 -26- (24) 1336800 特徵。此外，也能夠得到OCB模式所特有的寬視角特性 〇 接著，在反射顯示區域35中，關於在前述的透射顯 示區域30中具有凸部24成爲彎曲配向的核的功能，擴散 反射用的凹部27的內面側的配向膜29a的斜面也起到同 樣的功能。即，如圖I 0所示，可以將比凹部2 7的第一曲 線 A1長的第二曲線A2當作起到與前述的透射顯示部區 φ 域30的凸部24的配向膜的斜面29al的斜面相同功能的 斜面，沿著該斜面排列的液晶分子成爲向彎曲配向狀態轉 變的核。 根據這樣的背景，將凹部27的第一曲線A1和第二曲 線A2排列的方向還原爲圖1的剖面的左右方向，就最好 平行於摩擦方向（液晶易配向軸方向）配置凹部27。這樣 ，就能夠比現有技術使噴射配向狀態的液晶分子更順利地 轉變成彎曲配向狀態。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是示出本發明的液晶顯示裝置的主要部分的剖面 圖。 圖2是示出在液晶面板上具有背光和前光的狀態的立 ΜΜ ΓΞ1 體圖。 圖3是由背光和液晶面板構成的本發明的液晶顯示裝 置的整體結構圖。 圖4是示出該液晶顯示裝置的薄膜電晶體部分和透明 -27- (25) (25)1336800 電極的配置結構的一例的平面略圖。 圖5是示出該液晶顯示裝置的畫素電極部分的平面略 圖。 圖6是示出在該液晶顯示裝置的畫素電極部分形成的 光反射部分的形狀的立體圖。 圖7是示出圖I的液晶顯不裝置具有的配向膜的一例 的立體圖。 圖8是沿著圖7的配向膜的第二方向的凹凸的剖面圖 〇 圖9是示出形成在光反射顯示部的非對稱凹部的一例 的立體圖。 圖10是圖9中示出的非對稱凹部的剖面圖。 圖11是示出在圖1中示出的結構的液晶顯示裝置中 ，光透射顯示部和光反射顯示部中的無電場施加時的液晶 的噴射配向狀態的說明圖。 圖12是示出在圖1中示出的結構的液晶顯示裝置中 ，光透射顯示部和光反射顯示部中的施加電場時的液晶的 彎曲配向狀態的說明圖。 圖1 3是示出光透射顯示部中的噴射配向狀態的液晶 分子的配向狀態的說明圖。 圖14是示出光透射顯示部中的向彎曲配向狀態轉變 時的液晶分子的配向狀態的說明圖。 【主要元件之符號說明】 -28- (26) (26)1336800 A:半透過反射型顯示裝置、 BL :背光、 FL :前光、 1 :液晶面板、 2、3 :基板、 4 ·_密封材料、 5 ·液晶、 10 :薄膜電晶體（TFT)、 】1 :畫素電極、 1 9 :透明電極、 20 :絕緣膜、 2 4 :凸部' 24a ' 24b ：斜面、 27 :凹部、 2 7 a :斜面、 2 9a、b :配向膜、 29a :光透射顯示部的配向膜、 2 9 a 1 :斜面、 29b :光反射顯示部的配向膜、 3 0 ·‘光透射顯示部、 35 :光反射顯示部、 43 :電極、 44 :配向膜 -29- ⑧(2) 1336800 Double-gap structure: A reflective display area and a transmissive display area are provided in one pixel, and the cell gap of the reflective display area is made to be about half of the cell gap of the transmissive display area. This is because, in the reflective display region, the light incident from the outside transmits the liquid crystal layer twice during the period of reaching the observer, and in the transmissive display region, the light only transmits the liquid crystal layer once and reaches the observer. This technique eliminates the case where the optical conditions of the transmission display region and the emission φ display region are different if the liquid crystal layer thickness is set to be the same, and thus the chromaticity (color odor) and contrast are changed. However, as a structure in which the reflective display region and the transmissive display region are disposed in one pixel, if the double-gap structure is further set, it is necessary to set the liquid crystal of the reflective display region and the liquid crystal of the transmissive display region to one pixel, respectively. The best alignment status. However, in the double-gap structure, the liquid crystal layer thickness of each of the region-domains is different, and there is a stepped structure in the reflective display region and the transmissive display region. Therefore, it is necessary to give the most alignment φ film to each region with a step. Excellent alignment characteristics. In recent years, the display mode called OCB (Optical Compensated Bend) mode is being pursued for the purpose of wide viewing angle and high-speed responsiveness of a liquid crystal display device, but in the CB mode liquid crystal display device, it is required The pretilt direction of the alignment film of the upper and lower substrates is reversed to align the liquid crystal, and a compensation filter is further provided in the liquid crystal cell capable of bending alignment. [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 323 5 1 02 The liquid crystal of the above-described 0CB mode needs to convert a liquid-sprayed liquid -5 - (3) 1336800 crystal into a curved alignment state when a voltage is applied 'in the prior art' In order to make the liquid crystal in the spray alignment state a liquid crystal in a curved alignment state, it has been reported that it is necessary to apply the I 0 V voltage for about 1 hour. It is extremely difficult to smoothly convert the liquid crystal injection alignment state into the curved alignment state. In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a transflective liquid crystal display device having a light-reflecting display unit and a light-transmitting display unit, which can easily change a liquid crystal from an injection alignment state to a curved alignment state. A semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device of the OCB mode. The present invention is characterized in that the liquid crystal panel having an OCB mode in which liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates to be disposed is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the one substrate and the liquid crystal layer side surface of the other substrate, respectively. In the alignment film, a part of the electrode of the other substrate is used as a light-reflective pixel electrode, a transmissive portion is formed in a part of the pixel electrode, and a transparent electrode is formed as a light-transmitting display portion in a region where the φ-transmissive portion is formed. The light-reflecting pixel electrode formation region is formed in the light-reflecting display portion, and the direction of the liquid crystal easy alignment axis of the alignment film on the one substrate side is parallel to the direction of the liquid crystal easy alignment axis of the alignment film on the other substrate side, and a plurality of convex portions or concave portions are formed on a portion of the light-transmitting display portion on the liquid crystal side, and a transparent electrode and an alignment film are formed on the light-transmitting display portion so as to cover the convex portion or the concave portion. Forming a bevel on the film, which promotes the transition of the liquid crystal from the spray alignment state to the curved alignment state The liquid crystal alignment of the core. -6- (4) 1336800 In the 〇CB mode liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state are converted to the bend alignment state and then driven. In the liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state, liquid crystal molecules at positions close to the alignment film are aligned with respect to the substrate at a small pretilt angle, and liquid crystal molecules located between the substrates are in an ejection alignment state showing an alignment direction along the substrate surface direction. . On the other hand, in the configuration of the present invention, by providing a convex portion or a concave portion in the light-transmitting display portion, a bevel is formed on the alignment film formed thereon, and the oblique alignment is used to partially generate the specific alignment state in the liquid crystal sub-φ The liquid crystal molecules have a high pre-tilted area. The liquid crystal molecules which are present in the high pre-tilt region of the liquid crystal molecules which are located close to the above-mentioned inclined surface are in a state in which the liquid crystal molecules in the region having no slope are easily changed into a curved alignment state, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the high pretilt region can be It becomes a nucleus at which the alignment of liquid crystal molecules at the time of transition to the curved alignment state is started. Therefore, by realizing the above configuration, it is possible to smoothly perform the transition from the injection alignment state to the bending alignment state. The present invention is characterized in that the liquid crystal panel having an OCB mode in which liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates to be disposed is formed on the liquid crystal layer side surface of the one substrate and the liquid crystal layer side surface of the other substrate. In the alignment film, a part of the electrode of the other substrate is a light-reflective pixel electrode, a transmissive portion is formed in a part of the pixel electrode, and a transparent electrode is formed in the formation region of the transmissive portion as a light-transmitting display portion. The light-reflecting pixel electrode formation region is formed in the light-reflecting display portion, and the direction of the liquid crystal easy alignment axis of the alignment film on the one substrate side and the liquid crystal alignment direction of the alignment film on the other substrate side are easily aligned. In parallel, an insulating layer is provided under the light-reflective pixel electrode, and 7 8 (5) 1336800 is set as a multi-gap having a thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the light-reflecting display portion larger than a thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the light-transmitting display portion. In the configuration, on the one side of the substrate of the light-transmitting display portion, a plurality of portions are formed on the liquid crystal side. a portion or a recess covering the convex portion or the concave portion and covering the convex portion or the concave portion in the light transmitting display portion to form a transparent electrode and an alignment film, and forming a slope on the alignment film, the slope promoting the liquid crystal to be aligned from the ejection The state transitions to the liquid crystal alignment of the core in the curved alignment state. φ In the OCB mode liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state are transferred to the bent alignment state and then driven. In the liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state, liquid crystal molecules at positions close to the alignment film are aligned with respect to the substrate at a small pretilt angle, and liquid crystal molecules located between the substrates are in an ejection alignment state showing an alignment direction along the substrate surface direction. . On the other hand, in the above configuration, by providing a convex portion or a concave portion in the light-transmitting display portion, a bevel is formed on the alignment film formed thereon, and the liquid crystal molecules are generated in the liquid crystal molecules by the oblique alignment. Pre-tilted area. φ Since the liquid crystal molecules in the high pretilt region are in a state of being easily changed from the liquid crystal molecules in the region having no slope to the curved alignment state, the liquid crystal molecules in the high pretilt region can be liquid crystal molecules in the transition state in the curved alignment state. The nucleus at the beginning of the alignment. Therefore, with the configuration of the present invention, the transition from the injection alignment state to the bending alignment state can be smoothly performed. Further, by providing an insulating layer under the light-reflective pixel electrode, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the light-reflecting display portion is larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of the light-transmitting display portion, and light reflection display can be performed. The optical path of the reflected light in the portion and the optical path of the transmitted light in the light transmitting portion are equal, and the setting of the light 8-8-(6) 1336800 is easy, and the chromaticity difference between the reflective display and the transmissive display in the color display can be obtained. Less color display is expected in the way. According to another aspect of the invention, the direction of the inclined surface is a direction along a direction in which the liquid crystal is easily aligned with the alignment film, and is aligned along a direction indicated by the liquid crystal on the one substrate side in a curved alignment of the 〇CB mode liquid crystal. 〇 By forming the inclined surface, a high pretilt angle region φ region of the liquid crystal molecules can be generated. However, when the direction of the easy alignment axis of the liquid crystal molecules is along the inclined surface, it is possible to further reliably promote the alignment from the liquid crystal molecules to the curved alignment. The change of state. When the inclined surface is along the direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the curved alignment direction, a part of the liquid crystal molecules can be aligned in a state close to the curved alignment state in the ejection alignment state, so that when the alignment is made to the curved alignment direction, it is possible to The liquid crystal molecules are smoothly aligned. The present invention is characterized in that the convex portion has an equilateral triangle or a pyramidal shape. • It is possible to realize a slope which promotes the above-described bending alignment by a convex portion having a non-equilateral triangle or a pyramidal shape, and to promote a transition to a curved alignment by forming a region of a high pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules by using the inclined surface of the convex portion of these shapes. According to the present invention, an insulating layer is provided on a lower surface of the light-reflecting pixel electrode, and an uneven portion is formed on the insulating layer, and the light-reflective pixel electrode is formed on the uneven portion along the uneven portion shape. The light-reflective pixel electrode having a concavo-convex shape can diffuse the reflected light during reflection display and realize a bright display form in a wide range. In the present invention, a plurality of convex portions or concave portions formed on the liquid crystal side of the one side substrate of the light-transmitting display portion are formed by a pixel electrode formed on the light-reflecting display portion. The lower insulating layer is made of the same insulating material. When the convex portion or the concave portion is formed of the same insulating material as the insulating layer under the pixel electrode of the light-reflecting display portion, a part of the insulating layer used for forming the insulating layer under the pixel electrode can be used for light transmission. The display portion φ forms a convex portion or a concave portion. For example, when an insulating layer is formed on the entire surface of the substrate, and etching of a part of the insulating layer is performed to form a pit portion of the transmissive display portion, a part of the insulating layer is left at the bottom of the transmissive display portion, and is formed into The shape of the convex portion or the concave portion can be entered into the step of forming the transmissive display portion without separately performing the steps of forming the convex portion and the concave portion. Therefore, the convex portion or the concave portion can be formed without adding another manufacturing step. φ Effect of the Invention In the OCB mode liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state are transferred to the bent alignment state and then driven. In the liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state, the liquid crystal molecules at the position close to the alignment film are aligned with respect to the substrate at a small pretilt angle, and at the same time, the liquid crystal molecules located between the substrates become the ejection alignment showing the alignment direction along the substrate surface direction. status. On the other hand, in the above configuration, by providing a convex portion or a concave portion in the light-transmitting display portion, a bevel is formed on the alignment film formed thereon, and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid-phase directional state are generated in the liquid crystal molecules by the inclined surface. High pre-tilt area 8 -10- (8) 1336800 domain. Since the liquid crystal molecules in the high pretilt region are in a state of being easily bent and aligned, the liquid crystal molecules in the high pretilt angle region can be a core at which the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules at the time of transition to the curved alignment state is started. Therefore, with the above configuration, the transition from the injection alignment state to the bending alignment state can be smoothly performed. [Embodiment] φ Next, a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Further, in all of the following drawings, in order to facilitate the observation of the drawings, the respective constituent elements are shown with a different ratio of thickness or size. 1 to 8 show a first embodiment of a transflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The transflective liquid crystal display device A of this embodiment has an OCB as a main body as shown in the overall configuration of FIG. The liquid crystal panel 1 of the mode; the backlight BL disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 1; and the front light FL disposed on the upper surface side of the liquid crystal panel 1 as needed. "Structure of Liquid Crystal Panel" The liquid crystal panel has an active matrix substrate (lower substrate: the other substrate) 2 on the side where the switching element is formed, as shown in the schematic structure of FIG. 3, and the active matrix substrate The substrate (the upper substrate: one substrate) 3 on the opposite side is provided, and the liquid crystal layer 5 which is sandwiched between the substrates 2 and 3 and serves as a light modulation layer is surrounded by the substrates 2 and 3 and the sealing material 4. That is, the substrates 2 and 3 configured as described above are held by the spacers (not shown) in a state in which the phases 8 -11 - (9) 1336800 are apart from each other by a certain distance, and as shown in FIG. The thermosetting sealing material 4 applied around the substrate is bonded together. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, the active matrix substrate 2 has a plurality of scanning lines 7 and signal lines 8 in a row direction in a plan view on a transparent substrate main body 6 made of glass or plastic (FIG. 4, FIG. The X direction of 5 and the column direction (y direction of FIGS. 4 and 5) are electrically insulated from each other, and a TFT (switching element φ) 10 is formed in the vicinity of the intersection of each scanning line 7 and the signal line 8. The region where the pixel electrode 11 is formed on the substrate main body 6, the region where the TFT 10 is formed, and the region where the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8 are formed may be referred to as a pixel region, an element region, and a wiring region, respectively. The TFT 10 of the present embodiment has an inverted staggered structure, and the gate electrode 13, the gate insulating film 15, the i-type semiconductor layer 14, the source electrode 17, and the drain electrode are sequentially formed from the lowermost layer of the substrate main body 6 serving as the main body. 18, on the upper surface of the i-type semiconductor layer 14, a confinement etching layer 9 is formed between the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18. • That is, a portion of the scanning line 7 extends to form the gate electrode 13, and an island-shaped semiconductor layer 14 is formed over the gate insulating film 15 that covers the gate electrode 13 in a plan view, in which the i-type semiconductor layer is formed. One of the both end sides of the 14 is formed with the source electrode 17 via the n-type semiconductor layer 16, and the other side is formed with the gate electrode 18 via the n-type semiconductor layer 16. The substrate main body 6 is made of an insulating transparent substrate such as synthetic resin, in addition to glass. The gate electrode 13 is made of a conductive metal material. As shown in FIG. 4, it is formed integrally with the scanning line 7 disposed in the row direction. The gate insulating film 15 is made of a lanthanum-based insulating -12-8 (10) 1336800 film such as SiOx or SiNy, and is formed on the substrate by covering the scanning line 7 and the gate electrode 13. The semiconductor layer 14 is made of amorphous germanium (a - S i ) or the like, and a region facing the gate electrode I 3 via the gate insulating film 15 is formed as a channel region. The source electrode 17 and the drain electrode 18 are made of a conductive material and are formed to face each other across the semiconductor layer 14 with a channel region interposed therebetween. Further, the signal lines 8 arranged in the column direction are respectively extended to form a drain electrode 8. Further, in order to obtain a good ohmic contact between the i-type semiconductor layer 14 and the source electrode 17 and the drain electrode φ electrode 18, a high concentration doped phosphorus is provided between the semiconductor layer 14 and each of the electrodes 7 and 18. (P) an n-type semiconductor layer (ohmic contact layer) 16 of a group V element. Then, a source insulating film 20A is formed on the substrate main body 6, and the source insulating film 20A covers the portion of the thin film transistor 1A and the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8 which are configured as described above. The source insulating film 20 is formed into a thick film shape capable of covering the above-described TFT 10, and the upper surface thereof is flattened. That is, the step φ ladder structure on the substrate main body 6 formed of the TFT 10 or various wirings is flattened by the thick film insulating film 20 Α. Further, in this embodiment, the reverse staggered TFT 10 is provided as the switching element. However, it is of course possible to use a switching element such as a thin film transistor or a thin film diode element of a multilayer structure. Further, an insulating film 20B made of an organic material is laminated on the upper surface of the source insulating film 20A, and a light-diffusing reflective pixel electrode made of a high-reflectivity metal material such as A1 or Ag is formed on the insulating film 20B ( Light-reflective pixel electrode) Π. The light-reflective pixel electrode 11 is formed on the insulating film 20B, and is formed in a rectangular shape as viewed from the rectangular area surrounded by the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8 (11) 1336800, and is planar as shown in FIG. In the case of a predetermined interval, the pixel electrodes 11 are arranged in a matrix shape so as not to be short-circuited between the pixel electrodes 1 1 arranged vertically. Namely, these pixel electrodes 11 are arranged such that their end sides are formed along the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8 located below them, and a substantially entire area of the area divided by the scanning line 7 and the eye line 8 is formed as a pixel area. Further, the set of these pixel regions corresponds to the display area in the liquid crystal panel 1. φ The insulating film 20B is an organic insulating film made of a propylene resin, a polyimide resin, a benzocyclobutene polymer (BCB) or the like, and the protection function of the T F T 10 is enhanced. The insulating film 20B is thickly laminated on the substrate main body 6 over the other layers, so that the pixel electrodes 11 are reliably insulated from the TFTs 10 and various wirings, preventing generation of large parasitic capacitance between the pixel electrodes and the pixel electrodes. . In the above-described insulating films 20A, B, a contact hole 2 is formed up to one end portion 17a of each of the source electrodes 17, and a connection portion 25 made of a conductive material is formed inside the contact hole 21, the connection portion The connection portion 17a between the pixel electrode 11 and the source electrode 17 at the upper and lower sides of the contact hole 21 is electrically connected, and the switch for energizing the pixel electrode 11 can be switched by the operation of the TFT 10. In the insulating film 20B described above, a hole portion 22 having a rectangular shape in plan view is formed. The hole portion 22 is located at a central portion of a rectangular region surrounded by the scanning line 7 and the signal line 8, and penetrates the insulating film 20B to reach the insulating film 20A. The planar shape of the pothole portion 22 is preferably about a fraction of the width of the pixel electrode 11, and about 5 to 6 minutes of the length of the pixel electrode 1, and the total -14-(12) 1336800 is The size of the total area of the pixel electrode 11 is about 20 to 50%. Further, on the bottom surface side of the pothole portion 22, a plurality of cross-sectional views of FIG. 1 are formed on the upper surface side of the insulating film 20A so as to be apart from each other. A triangular shaped convex portion 24. These convex portions 24 are formed to have a height of 0. 1~Ιμηι, preferably 0. The range of ~0·3μηι, their respective shapes may be formed as: a polygonal pyramid such as a triangular pyramid, a quadrangular pyramid, or a shape such as a cone or a pyramid, and a shape in which the shapes are independent and mutually separated and linearly arranged, φ Or any one of these continuously formed shapes and the like. However, it is preferable that the convex portions 24 have a shape having one of the inclined surfaces 24a and 24b in the left-right direction in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1, and more preferably in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 toward the left side (toward the contact hole). The inclined surface 24a of the 21st side is shorter than the inclined surface 24b of the right side opposite to the opposite side (the area is small), and the cross section is not equilateral triangle. The reason for the best shape above is later. Said. Then, 'on the pixel corresponding to the position of the pothole portion 22', a transmissive portion (through hole) 23 having a planar shape conforming to the bottom surface of the pothole portion 22 is formed, and is composed of a transparent electrode material. The transparent (pixel) electrode 19 is formed so as to cover the bottom surface of the pot portion 22 located on the lower side of the transmissive portion 23 of the pixel electrode 11, and the pixel electrode forming material that is formed to cover the inner peripheral surface of the pot portion 22 is always formed. The peripheral edge portion ' of the transparent electrode 19 reaching the bottom surface of the pothole portion is electrically connected to the light-reflective pixel electrode Π. Thus, the light-reflective pixel electrode 1 1 and the transparent electrode 19 can be driven by the switching operation of the TFT 10 to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer to drive the liquid crystal. 3 -15 - (13) 1336800 Therefore, in each of the pixel regions, the portion where the pothole portion 22 is formed is a light transmitting portion 30 that transmits incident light (light emitted from the backlight BL) from the outside of the substrate 2, and is removed. The other region is the non-transmissive portion (the portion where the transmissive portion 23 is not formed) of the pixel electrode 11 as the light reflecting portion 35 that reflects the incident light from the outside of the substrate 3. Further, three of the above-described light-reflective pixel electrodes 1 correspond to a substantially one pixel region for color display to be described later, and a light transmission region at the time of transmission transmission φ portion 23 and transmission display Correspondingly, it is preferable to set the area ratio of the transmissive portion 2 to the area of the aforementioned pixel electrode 11 in the range of 20 to 50%. Further, in this embodiment, on the pixel electrode 11 Only one transmissive portion 23 is formed, but it is preferable to form a plurality of transmissive portions on the pixel electrode 11. In this case, it is preferable to set the total area of the plurality of transmissive portions to be 20 to the area of the pixel electrode 11. Within 5% of the range. Of course, in this case, the formation positions of the plurality of transmissive portions are aligned, and the crotch portions are provided on the lower surfaces of the respective transmissive portions. φ Further, on the surface of the insulating film 20B, a plurality of concave portions 26 are formed at positions corresponding to the pixel regions, and the concave portions 26 are formed by a method of pressing a transfer mold on the upper surface of the insulating film 20B. The plurality of concave portions 26 formed on the upper surface of the insulating film 20B are provided with a predetermined surface concave shape shape to the pixel electrode 所示 as indicated by a broken line in FIG. 5, and a plurality of concave portions formed on the pixel electrode 1 1 are used. 27. The portion of the light incident on the liquid crystal panel is scattered, giving a diffuse reflection function capable of obtaining a brighter display in a wider viewing range. Further, as shown in Fig. 6, each of the concave portions 27' is disposed in close contact so that the left and right adjacent concave portions 27 abut each other with a part of the opening-side inner surface -16-(14) 1336800. The detailed shape of the concave portion 27 of these pixel electrodes 11 will be described later. Further, a lower substrate side alignment film 29a, 29b made of polyimide or the like is formed on the substrate main body 6 configured as described above so as to cover the pixel electrode 1 and the insulating layer 20B' the crotch portion 22 and the bottom surface thereof. A plurality of convex portions 24. Among the lower substrate-side alignment films 29a and 29b, an alignment film formed on the bottom side of the light-transmissive portion 30, that is, the bottom portion 22 is an alignment film 29a, and an alignment film 29b is formed on the pixel electrode φ 1 1 . The alignment films 29a and 29b are subjected to a rubbing treatment in a direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1 (to the left in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1), and the direction of the easy alignment axis of the liquid crystal is set to a direction indicated by an arrow R, and The pretilt angle is set to be greater than 0° and less than or equal to 10°, for example, 1 to 10°, and most preferably in the range of 5 to 10°. Further, in the alignment film 29a on the bottom side of the pothole portion 2, on the alignment film 29a formed on the convex portion 24 on the lower side thereof, a slope 29al and located on the inclined surface 24a of the convex portion φ 24 are formed. The inclined surface 29a2 on the upper surface of the inclined surface 24b of the convex portion 24. The counter substrate 3 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 3 is formed with a color filter layer 42 and a transparent counter electrode 41 such as ITO on the side surface of the liquid crystal layer 5 of the translucent substrate main body 41 made of glass or plastic. (common electrode) 43 and upper substrate side alignment film 44. Further, in Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 1 on the outer surface side of the substrate main body 41, a polarizing plate Η 1 and phase difference plates Η2 and Η3 are provided as needed. The color filter layer 42 is configured with color pixels of one of the three colors -17-(15) 1336800 of red, blue, and green, respectively, in a rectangular region divided into a mesh shape by a black matrix. The area corresponds to the shape of the pixel electrode 11 having a rectangular shape in plan view based on FIG. 5, and the color transmittance of the liquid crystal in the region corresponding to each of the pixel electrodes 11 can be adjusted. The alignment film 29b in the above-described upper substrate-side alignment film 44 and the planar portion formed on the above-described pixel electrode 11 can be exemplified by a concave-convex alignment film as shown in Figs. φ The alignment film (the alignment film on one substrate side) 44 and the alignment film 29b are alignment films each having a polymer film having an anisotropy on the surface, and the pretilt angle is set to be greater than 0° and less than or equal to 10°, for example, in the range of 1 to 10°, is preferably in the range of 5 to 10°. The detailed technique of the alignment control of the alignment films 44 and 29b described above is described in SID93 DIGEST, page 957 (93, -) of the applicant's non-patent document, but the surface shapes of these alignment films 44, 29b are as shown in Fig. 7. As shown in Fig. 8, the fine concavities and convexities along the first direction and the fine concavities and convexities in the second direction intersecting the first # direction are formed. Further, Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ΙΠ-III in Fig. 7, showing a cross section of the ridge 54 along the second direction. Further, the pitch P1 of the fine concavities and convexities along the first direction is shorter than the pitch P2 along the second direction. The pitch P1 is less than or equal to 3. 0μηι, the best is greater than or equal to 0. 05μηι is less than or equal to 〇·5μιη, the pitch Ρ2 is less than or equal to 5 0μπι, and the optimum is greater than or equal to 〇 5μηι is less than or equal to 5μπι. By making the length of the pitch Ρ 2 longer than the pitch ρ 1 as described above, it is easy to control the pretilt angle. (16) 1336800 In addition, the depth dl of the recess in the first direction (or the height of the protrusion in the first direction) is 〇. Below 5μπι, the best is equal to Ο. ΟΙμηι is less than or equal to 0. 2 μπι, the depth d2 of the concave portion in the second direction (or the height of the convex portion in the second direction) is less than or equal to 〇. 5 μιη, the best is greater than or equal to 〇. 〇 1 μηΐ is less than or equal to 〇 · 2 μηι. Further, in order to prevent the magnetic domain from occurring and to obtain the intended alignment force, for example, it is preferable that the inclination angle θ of the gentle slope 62 of the fine unevenness along the second direction with respect to the substrate 10 is larger than 0 degrees and equal to or less than 10 degrees. If the φ tilt angle θ is 0 degrees, the magnetic domain is significantly generated, and if it exceeds 10 degrees, the tendency of the alignment force to gradually decrease is gradually confirmed. Further, as shown in Fig. 7, each convex portion of the fine unevenness along the second direction is formed into a substantially triangular shape which is asymmetrical left and right. That is, the ratio of the left and right angles of the vertex of the vertical line division shown in Fig. 8 from the apex point of the triangle. R2/rl is not equal to the shape of 1. As the cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned ridges 54, various shapes such as a shape like a sin wave, a comb shape, and a triangle shape are considered. Among them, in order to improve the alignment of the liquid crystal, it is preferably a triangle. In this case, the top of the triangle can be rounded or flat. In the case where the above-mentioned ridge 54 is a triangular cross section, as shown in Fig. 7, the ratio r2/rl of the left and right angles of the apex angle divided by the perpendicular A from the vertex of the triangle is preferably at least 5. The scope of 6. If the ratio is set to this range, the pretilt angle can be set to 5 to 8°. The film thickness of these alignment films 44, 29b is, for example, 500 to 600 A (0. 05 ~ 0 · 06μηι ) around. The material of the polymer film used for the above alignment films 44 and 29b is a material which can impart shear strain by weak shear force before hardening and/or can be used for stress plastic deformation (plasticity) -19-8 (17) 1336800 Flowing materials, for example, from polyimides, polyamines, polyethylenes, epoxies, denatured epoxies, polybenzazoles, polyamines, poly (flammable hydrocarbons) 〇ly〇丨e fine), acryl resin, etc. are appropriately selected for use. As a method of forming the alignment films 44 and 29b, for example, a fine uneven pattern to be transferred can be formed on the surface (for forming fine unevenness along the first direction and fine unevenness along the second direction) The transfer mold of the φ fine emboss pattern is pressed on the layer made of the polymer film material, and the transfer method of transferring the fine emboss pattern is easily produced. The layer is formed on one of the reflector and the electrode layer. On the substrate. The above transfer mold was produced as follows. First, a grid model (grid mode) formed by holographic interference using a laser beam of twice the coherence is utilized. The fineness formed on the alignment film 44, 29b is formed on the surface of the grid model. The same fine embossing pattern as the embossed pattern. Next, the grid model is pressed against the ruthenium rubber layer to form a concave embossment on the surface of the φ φ rubber layer opposite to the embossed pattern of the above-described grid model. Next, the grid model was peeled off to obtain a transfer mold composed of a ruthenium rubber layer. Next, the shape of the light diffusion reflection recess 27 on the upper surface side of the insulating film 20 B described above will be described. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the inner faces of the concave portions 27 are formed into an asymmetrical spherical shape, and the diffused reflected light of the light incident on the pixel electrodes 11 at a predetermined angle (for example, 30°) is formed. The brightness distribution is asymmetrical from the angle of the positive reflection angle within a certain range of angles and '-20' (18) 1336800 as the observer's visual direction 'concentrates in the effective direction. In the concave portion 27, 'from the first curve a 1 from one peripheral portion S1 of the concave portion 27 to the deepest point D and the second point from the deepest point D of the concave portion to the other peripheral portion S2 continuous with the first curved line A 1 Curve A2 is formed. These two curves are at the deepest point D, and their inclination angle with respect to the upper surface of the substrate main body 6 becomes zero and is connected to each other. The inclination angle of the first curve A1 with respect to the upper surface of the substrate main body is steeper than the inclination angle with respect to the second curved line A2, and the deepest point D is located at a position slightly shifted from the center 凹 of the concave portion 27 to the X direction. That is, the average 値 of the absolute 値 of the inclination angle of the first curve A with respect to the substrate surface S is larger than the average 値 of the absolute 倾斜 of the inclination angle of the substrate surface S of the second curve B. In the reflector of the present embodiment, each of the recesses 27 is the most. The large inclination angle dmax has an irregular deviation in the range of 2 to 90°. However, the maximum inclination angle dmax of most of the recesses has an irregular deviation in the range of 4° to 35°. φ Further, from the viewpoint of easiness of manufacture, the diameter of the concave portion 27 is set to 5 μm to ΙΟΟμηι. Further, the depth of the concave portion 27 is formed in the range of 〇_1μπι 3 μηι. Further, in the planar shape of the pixel electrode II shown in Fig. 5, the concave portion 27 on the pixel electrode 11 is omitted for simplification of the drawing, but since the pixel electrode 11 is vertical 100 in the usual liquid crystal panel The size is about 200 μmη and the width is about 30 to 90 μm. Therefore, an example of the relative size of the concave portion 27 with respect to the pixel electrode 11 is shown by a broken line on one pixel of Fig. 5 . In addition, since the film thickness of the alignment film 29b formed on the upper surface of the concave portion 27 is set to about 500 to 600 A, the shape of the concave portion 27 is maintained also on the upper surface of the alignment film 29b. The liquid crystal molecules on the upper surface of the concave portion 27, for example, as shown in FIG. 1A, also cause the alignment control force of the liquid crystal molecules to act along the slope along the second curved line A2. Therefore, most of the inner surface of the concave portion 27 is set as the inclined surface 27a for generating the high pretilt angle region, and the inclined surface 27a allows the liquid crystal molecules to exhibit a larger pretilt angle than the alignment film 29b in the range of 1 to 10° φ. Pre-tilt. In the transflective liquid crystal display device A of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the pothole portion 22 is formed on the insulating film 20 located below the transmissive portion 23 formed on the pixel electrode 11, and the pass is also The liquid crystal is introduced into the pothole portion 22, and the thickness d3 of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the light transmitting portion 30 is made. It is preferable to make 値 larger than the thickness d4 of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the light reflecting portion 35. The thickness d3 of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the light transmitting portion 30 is approximately twice as large as the thickness d4 of the liquid crystal layer 5 on the light reflecting portion 35. According to this configuration, φ can make the transmission path of the light in the transmissive display unit 30 substantially equal to the reflection path of the light in the reflection display unit 35, and can make the chromaticity (color odor) and the transmissive display of the color display during reflection display. The color display has as little difference as possible in color. "Structure of Backlight" As shown in FIG. 2, the backlight BL applied to the transflective display device A of the present embodiment is provided on the back surface of the liquid crystal panel 1, and roughly includes a light guide plate 52 made of a flat transparent acrylic resin or the like. And light source 53 and 8 -22- (20) 1336800 rod light guide 55. The transparent light guide plate 52 is disposed on the back surface of the liquid crystal panel 1, and illuminates the liquid crystal panel 1 with light emitted from the light source 53. The light emitted from the light source 53 shown in FIG. 2 is introduced into the inside of the light guide plate 52 through the end surface, and can be changed from the light guide plate after changing the optical path in the light reflection portion such as the prism-shaped uneven portion formed on the back surface of the light guide plate 52. The above emission is emitted toward the liquid crystal panel 1. Between the backlight B L and the liquid crystal panel 1, a polarizing plate and a phase difference plate are disposed as needed. "Structure of Front Light" The front light FL applied to the transflective display device A of the present embodiment is composed of a light guide plate 72 and a light source 73 as shown in FIG. 2, and the light source 73 is disposed to be guided by the light guide plate 72. Ends. Further, the light guide plate 72 is formed of a transparent resin, and the lower surface of the light guide plate 72 (the surface on the liquid crystal panel 1 side) serves as an emission surface for emitting light for illuminating the liquid crystal panel 1, and a surface opposite to the emission surface on the 0 side (light guide plate) The upper surface of 72) serves as a reflecting surface (light guiding means) for changing the direction of light propagating inside thereof. In order to change the direction of propagation after the light propagating inside the light is reflected, a plurality of wedge-shaped grooves 74 are formed in a strip shape at a predetermined pitch on the reflecting surface. The groove 74 is formed of a gentle slope portion and a steep surface portion which are formed obliquely with respect to the emission surface, and the direction in which the grooves 74 are formed coincides with the side end surface of the light guide plate 72. Further, the grooves 74 of the upper surface of the light guide plate 72 are formed at predetermined intervals and widths so as not to obstruct the display of the liquid crystal panel 1 through the light guide plate 72. -23- (21) 1336800 A rod-shaped rod light guide 76 is disposed on the side end surface side of the light guide plate 72, and a light source 73 is disposed at both end portions of the rod light guide 76. Since the configuration of the backlight BL and the front light FL described above is an example employed in the present embodiment, it is not limited to the configuration of the example. Of course, a general backlight for a liquid crystal display device and a backlight can be suitably used in the present invention. Front light. The transflective display device A of the present embodiment configured as described above is aligned as shown in Fig. 11 when no electric field is applied. That is, in the light transmission display portion 30, the liquid crystal molecules between the alignment film 44 and the alignment film 29a are substantially in a spray alignment state, and in the light reflection display portion 35, between the alignment film 44 and the alignment film 29a. The liquid crystal molecules are basically in a spray alignment state. Further, the alignment film 44 and the alignment film 29b are used to be adjacent to them. The liquid crystal molecules at the position impart a pretilt angle of about 1 to 1 〇 °. However, in the light reflection display unit 35, the liquid crystal molecules at positions adjacent to the inclined surface φ 27a on the inner surface of the concave portion 27 are given a high pretilt angle larger than the above-described 1 to 10°. Further, in the light-transmitting display portion 30, the liquid crystal molecules located at positions adjacent to the inclined surfaces 24a and 27a of the convex portion 24 are given a high pretilt angle larger than the above-described 1 to 10°. When the pixel electrode 1 and the transparent electrode 19 are energized to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are emitted from the ejection in the light transmission display portion 30 and the light reflection display portion 35 in the state shown in FIG. State transition to bend alignment state. Next, the direction of the ridges 54 on the surface of the alignment film-24-(22) 1336800 44 and the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules are shown in comparison with FIG. 11 and FIG. The direction of the unevenness on the surface of the convex portion 24 and the alignment film 29a on the above is shown in Figs. 11 and 12, and the retardation of the alignment film 29a on the lower substrate side is set to the lower right side (the lower right side is obliquely downward) In the gradient), the inclined surface 62 of the alignment film 44 on the upper substrate side is set to the upper right direction (inclined to the right upper slope), and the rubbing direction of the upper and lower alignment films is set to the R direction, thereby forming a state in which no voltage is applied. The liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state are shown in FIG. In other words, in the region of the light transmitting portion 30, the liquid crystal molecules existing between the alignment films 29a and 44 are in a state in which the direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the position closest to the alignment film 29a is about 1 to 10°. The inclination angle is obliquely to the lower right, and the direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the position closest to the alignment film 44 is obliquely upward to the upper right in a pretilt angle of about 1 to 1 〇. On the other hand, the alignment film 44 in the light reflection region 35 is equivalent to the alignment film 44 of the light transmission portion 30 described above, but the alignment film 29b of the light reflection portion 35 is in a planar portion thereof, and the alignment of liquid crystal molecules As shown in FIG. 11, the direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the position closest to the alignment film 44 is obliquely upward to the upper right at a pretilt angle of about 1 to 10°, and the direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the position closest to the alignment film 29b is 1 to 10 The pretilt angle of about ° is obliquely downward to the lower right. Next, since a plurality of concave portions 27 having the shapes shown in Figs. 9 and 10 are formed on the light-reflective pixel electrode 11 under the alignment film 29b, in these concave portions The portion of the alignment film 29b formed in 27 forms a concave portion along the contour shape of the concave portion 27. With the inclined surface 27a of the concave portion 27 of the alignment film 29b, for example, as shown in Fig.-25-(23) 1336800 10, in the liquid crystal molecules, only a liquid crystal molecule closest to the concave portion 27 is generated to impart a large pretilt angle. Rising high pretilt area. Regarding the liquid crystal alignment state of the above-described transmission display region 30, the positional relationship between the convex portion 24 and the liquid crystal molecules is described in Fig. 13 . When the electric field is applied to the pixel electrode 11 and the transparent electrode 19 through the TFT 10 in this state to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal in the E1 region of FIG. 14 is aligned along the inclined surface 29a1 of the alignment film on the inclined surface 24b of the convex portion 24. The molecules smoothly change to the bending and alignment state, and become in a curved alignment state. The other liquid crystal molecules begin to learn the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the bent alignment state, and as a result, the entire liquid crystal molecules are transformed into the curved alignment state. Here, in FIG. 4, the liquid crystal molecules existing in the E3 region which is in the ejection alignment state between the convex portions 24 and the convex portions 24 which are adjacent to each other in the left-right direction are subjected to the E1 region-domain when transitioning to the curved alignment state. The influence of the liquid crystal molecules makes it easy to move the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules that are aligned in the E1 region become the nuclei of the transition of the liquid crystal molecules in the other regions to the curved alignment. For the above reasons • According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the transition from the injection alignment state to the curved alignment state proceeds smoothly. In the transflective display device A of the present embodiment, the injection alignment state shown in FIG. 11 is switched to the bending alignment state shown in FIG. 12, and the liquid crystal is controlled by the intensity of the electric field applied in the curved alignment state. The alignment of the molecules is performed to display the gradation of the liquid crystal display. In the liquid crystal panel 1 of the OCB mode in which the alignment state is changed in this way, since the high-speed switch peculiar to the OCB mode can be performed, it is possible to realize a response time of, for example, 15 msec or less, which can correspond to an animation display that can be rewritten at high speed - 26- (24) 1336800 Features. In addition, the wide viewing angle characteristic peculiar to the OCB mode can be obtained. Then, in the reflective display region 35, the concave portion 27 for diffuse reflection is provided in the above-described transmissive display region 30 having the function that the convex portion 24 becomes a core of the curved alignment. The inclined surface of the alignment film 29a on the inner surface side also functions in the same manner. That is, as shown in Fig. 10, the second curved line A2 longer than the first curved line A1 of the concave portion 27 can be regarded as the inclined surface 29al of the alignment film with the convex portion 24 of the aforementioned transmission display portion region φ region 30. The inclined surface of the same function as the inclined surface, and the liquid crystal molecules arranged along the inclined surface become a core that transitions to the curved alignment state. According to such a background, the direction in which the first curve A1 and the second curve A2 of the concave portion 27 are arranged is reduced to the left-right direction of the cross section of Fig. 1, and it is preferable to arrange the concave portion 27 in parallel with the rubbing direction (the liquid crystal easy alignment axis direction). Thus, it is possible to more smoothly convert the liquid crystal molecules in the spray alignment state into the curved alignment state than in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main portion of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which a backlight and a front light are provided on a liquid crystal panel. Fig. 3 is a view showing the entire configuration of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprising a backlight and a liquid crystal panel. Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view showing an example of an arrangement structure of a thin film transistor portion and a transparent -27-(25) (25) 1336800 electrode of the liquid crystal display device. Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view showing a pixel electrode portion of the liquid crystal display device. Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the shape of a light reflecting portion formed in a pixel electrode portion of the liquid crystal display device. Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of an alignment film which the liquid crystal display device of Fig. 1 has. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the unevenness in the second direction of the alignment film of FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of an asymmetric concave portion formed in the light reflection display portion. Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the asymmetric recess shown in Figure 9. FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a state of injection alignment of liquid crystals in the case where no electric field is applied to the light-transmitting display portion and the light-reflecting display portion in the liquid crystal display device of the configuration shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the liquid crystal is aligned in an optical field in the light-transmitting display portion and the light-reflecting display portion in the liquid crystal display device of the configuration shown in FIG. Fig. 13 is an explanatory view showing an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in an ejection alignment state in the light transmission display portion. Fig. 14 is an explanatory view showing an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules when transitioning to a curved alignment state in the light transmission display portion. [Description of Symbols of Main Components] -28- (26) (26) 1336800 A: Semi-transmissive display device, BL: backlight, FL: front light, 1: liquid crystal panel, 2, 3: substrate, 4 ·_sealing Material, 5 · Liquid crystal, 10 : thin film transistor (TFT), 】 1 : pixel electrode, 19 9 : transparent electrode, 20 : insulating film, 2 4 : convex portion ' 24a ' 24b : bevel, 27 : concave, 2 7 a : slanted surface, 2 9a, b : alignment film, 29a : alignment film of light transmission display portion, 2 9 a 1 : inclined surface, 29b : alignment film of light reflection display portion, 30 · 'light transmission display unit, 35 : light reflection display unit, 43: electrode, 44: alignment film -29-8