TWI333349B - Evaluation of transmitter performance - Google Patents

Description

1333349 IX. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to communications, and more particularly to evaluating transmitter performance. [Prior Art] Wireless network systems have become a popular tool for most people around the world to connect. Wireless communication devices have become smaller and more powerful to meet consumer demand and improve portability and convenience. Consumers have become areas of coverage that rely on wireless communication devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and the like, demanding reliable services, and extensions. A typical wireless communication network (eg, employing frequency division techniques, time sharing techniques, and code division techniques) includes one or more base stations (which provide coverage areas) and one or more mobile (eg, wireless) user devices ( It can transmit and receive data in the coverage area). A typical base station can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for broadcast, multicast, and/or unicast, where the data stream is a stream of data that can be independently received by user devices of interest. User devices within the coverage area of the base station may be interested in receiving one, one, one, or all of the data streams carried by the composite stream. Similarly, the user device can transmit data to the base station or another user device. The Wireless Communications Service Providers Group has developed &quot; forward link only; FLO technology to take advantage of the latest advances in system design to achieve the most south quality performance. FLO technology is designed to be used in action Multi-media=Environment and suitable for use with mobile user devices. FLO technology delivers high-quality instant streaming and other data services at 114499.doc 1333349. FLO technology delivers robust performance and high capacity In addition, FLO technology also reduces the network cost of delivering multimedia content by reducing the number of transmitters that need to be placed. In addition, 'FLO technology-based multimedia multicast system wireless industry hive Network • Data and voice services (the perfect solution for delivering content to the same mobile device). 'Base station transmitter performance is an important key to the overall performance of wireless systems. In the case of Φ bodies, in the use of technology In wireless systems (which can use fewer transmitters), the performance of each transmitter is critical. Therefore, it should be </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; And not intending to identify any or all of the specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to describe the scope of the specific embodiments. As a preface to the [embodiment] set forth below, in accordance with one or more specific embodiments and corresponding disclosures, in conjunction with monitoring transmitter performance in a wireless communication environment, various aspects are described using a signal-signal analysis Is-sampling-transmitting. The output of the device, and the signal of the sampling is passed to the processor. The processor can generate a frequency domain channel estimate of the subcarrier. If the transmitted modulation symbol is unknown, the processor can determine the modulation symbol And using the determined modulation symbols to calculate a channel estimate. The average of the channel estimates for each subcarrier can be calculated, It is used to generate various 114499.doc 1333349 metrics to evaluate transmitter performance. According to a related aspect, a method for evaluating transmitter performance for a wireless communication system, which may include: for one of a transmitter signal All orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a single number, generating a frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier; determining a flat frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of the subcarriers, and based on The average frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of the subcarriers produces at least one metric indicative of transmitter performance.

The β-hai method may further comprise: determining a modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the subcarriers, wherein the modulation symbol is utilized in generating the frequency domain channel estimates and the at least one metric. In addition, the method may include: dividing a complex plane into a plurality of regions, each region corresponding to a possible modulator 疋, and selecting an area where a point representing the transmitter signal is located, the tone of the subcarrier The sorrow symbol corresponds to the possible modulating symbol of the selected region. Additionally, the method can include: determining, by a majority decision, a modulation variant of the subset of subcarriers having a uniform modulation pattern among the carriers

And, if the modulation symbol of each subcarrier of the subcarrier of the subcarrier is not aligned with the modulation pattern, re-evaluating the intermodulation 70 of the subcarrier, the method may include: A coarse frequency domain channel estimate is generated for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. The method can also include: dividing the transmitter signal into ', and singing, each segment including at least one symbol; and performing phase correction for each segment. According to another aspect, a device for evaluating transmitter performance in a wireless communication system can include: a signal analyzer, a processor, and a memory. The signal analyzer samples the _rf signal from the transmitter; the 114499.doc 1333349 processor calculates a frequency domain channel estimate for each 钊 carrier for all units in the superframe of the I# device signal; An average of the frequency domain channel estimates for each subcarrier of the subcarriers; and generating at least a transmitter metric based at least in part on the average frequency domain channel estimates. The memory is lighted to the processor and stores information about the symbols. Moreover, the processor can determine a modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the subcarriers, wherein the modulation symbols can be utilized in generating the frequency domain channel estimates and the at least one metric. The processor may also determine a modulation type of a subcarrier subgroup having a uniform modulation type according to a majority decision; and if the modulation symbol of each subcarrier in the subcarrier subgroup If the modulation pattern of the subcarrier subgroup is inconsistent, the modulation symbol of the subcarrier is re-evaluated. In addition, the memory can store a plurality of regions of a constellation, each region corresponding to a possible modulation symbol; and the processor can select a constellation point corresponding to each subcarrier of the transmitter signal. The region in which the subtag = the corresponding modifier is corresponding to the possible modifier of the selected region. The processor may also generate a coarse channel estimate for each preamble subcarrier, perform linear interpolation to generate a coarse channel estimate for each subcarrier between the preamble subcarriers; and perform a linear extrapolation method to A coarse channel estimate is generated for subcarriers that are not located between the pilot subcarriers. Additionally, the processor can split the transmitter signal into segments, each segment including at least one symbol; and performing phase correction for each segment. According to another aspect, an apparatus for evaluating transmitter performance for a wireless communication system can include: generating a frequency for each subcarrier for all OFDM symbols in a data unit of a transmitter signal Domain channel estimate 114499.doc 1333349 component; average frequency domain (four) estimate component for determining each subcarrier of the subcarriers; and flat for each subcarrier based on at least (four) subcarriers The domain channel estimate is used to generate a component that indicates at least one metric of the performance of the transmitter. In addition, the apparatus may include: means for determining a modulation symbol of each subcarrier of the dedicated subcarrier, the modulation symbol is generated in the frequency domain bottle. 3⁄4 ^ μ &amp; The channel estimate and the at least one metric are utilized. The apparatus may further comprise: means for determining, according to a majority decision, that one of the subcarriers has a modulation subgroup of the "smoke" 致 amp amp 致 致 致 致 致And re-estimating the modulation symbol of the subcarrier if the modulation symbol of each subcarrier in the subcarrier subgroup of the subcarriers is not related to the modulation type The components. In addition, the means for determining a modulation may include: determining a point in the sub-complex plane corresponding to the transmitter signal - subcarriers - in the complex plane a member corresponding to the -distance between the - point of one of the at least one possible modulation symbol it; and for selecting the modulation symbol corresponding to the signal point closest to the signal point It is possible to modify the components of the symbol, wherein the modulation symbol for the subcarrier is the selected modulation symbol. The apparatus can further include: means for generating a coarse channel estimate for each of the leading subcarriers; and means for performing linear interpolation and linear extrapolation, performing linear interpolation to generate the preamble pair The coarse channel estimate for each subcarrier of the subcarriers between carriers, and linear extrapolation is performed to generate the coarse channel estimate for each subcarrier that is not located between the preamble subcarriers. The apparatus can also include: means for segmenting the transmitter signal into a set of segments, each segment comprising at least one symbol; and for 114499.doc • 10« c S ) 1333349 phase correction for the parent-segment member. The invention relates to a computer readable medium having stored computer readable instructions for generating a plurality of subcarriers for all symbols in a data unit of a transmitter signal. a frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier; a flat frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; and the average frequency domain channel based at least in part on each of the plurality of subcarriers It is estimated that a V-metric is generated that indicates the performance of the transmitter. The instructions may further include instructions for: determining a modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers, wherein the modulation symbol is when generating the frequency domain channel estimate and the at least one metric Use it. The computer readable medium further includes instructions for: determining, according to a majority decision, that one of the subcarriers has a uniform modulation type, a modulation of the subcarrier subset, and a subcarrier of the subcarrier The modulation symbol of each subcarrier in the subgroup is inconsistent with the modulation pattern, and the modulation symbol of the subcarrier is re-evaluated. Additionally, the computer readable medium can include instructions for dividing a complex plane into a plurality of regions, each region corresponding to a possible modulation symbol; and selecting a carrier corresponding to the carrier of the transmitter signal The region in which the point is located, the modulation symbol of the subcarrier corresponds to the possible modulation symbol of the selected region. Moreover, the computer readable medium can include instructions for generating a coarse frequency domain channel estimate for each preamble subcarrier; interpolating a coarse frequency of each subcarrier of the subcarriers between the preamble subcarriers Domain channel estimation; and extrapolating a coarse frequency domain channel estimate for the subcarriers that are not located between the pilot fields. The computer readable medium can include instructions for the next process: segmenting the transmitter -11 - 114499.doc 1333349 into a set of segments, each phase performing phase correction for each segment. The segment includes at least one symbol; and for another aspect, a processor for the command to evaluate the effectiveness of the transmitter for use in a wireless communication system, such as: A data sheet of one of the emission states. A symbol of the first subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers is generated by a frequency domain channel of the plurality of subcarriers.

- an average frequency domain channel estimate of the subcarriers; and generating the at least one metric indicative of the transmitter performance based at least in part on the average frequency domain channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers. The instructions may also include determining a permutation symbol for each of the plurality of subcarriers, the modulation symbol being utilized in generating the frequency domain channel estimates and the at least one metric. Further, the instructions may include determining, according to a majority decision, a modulation pattern of the subcarrier subgroup of the I彳&amp; modulation type in the subcarriers;

And if the modulation symbol of each subcarrier in the subcarrier subgroup is not related to the modulation type, the modulation symbol of the subcarrier is re-evaluated. The instructions may further include: determining a point of one of the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to the transmitter signal in a complex plane corresponding to at least one possible tone in the complex plane One of the variable elements may be a distance between one point of the modulation symbol; and selecting the possible modulation symbol corresponding to the modulation symbol point closest to the signal point, wherein the sub-carrier is used for the sub-carrier The modifier symbol is the selected modulation symbol. The instructions may further include: generating a coarse frequency domain channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers of the plurality of subcarriers; and interpolating one of each of the plurality of subcarriers between the preamble subcarriers a coarse frequency domain channel estimate; and extrapolating a coarse frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers not between the leading subcarriers of the 114499.doc • 12-, etc. Additionally, the instructions may include : splitting the transmitter signal into a set of segments, each segment comprising at least one symbol; and performing phase correction for each segment. In order to achieve the foregoing and related ends, one or more specific embodiments include the features that are fully described in the <RTIgt; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The drawings and detailed drawings set forth one or more embodiments. They are intended to be in a variety of ways, and the specific embodiments are intended to cover all such aspects and their equivalents. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Various embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth However, it will be apparent that this embodiment can be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in the form of a block diagram in order to facilitate a description of one or more embodiments. In this application, the words &quot;component&quot;, &quot;system•• and similar terms are intended to be §&gt; 'heart computer related entities' which are hardware, software and hardware combinations or implementations. Soft and hard. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a processor, processor, object, executable, executable, and/or computer being executed on a processor. One or more components can reside within the processor and/or thread' and the component can be localized on a computer and/or

&lt; S 114499.doc 1333349 Disperse between two or more computers. Furthermore, their components can be executed from a computer readable medium that has stored various data structures. The components can communicate via the local and/or remote processing program, such as based on signals having one or more data packets (eg, from a local system, a decentralized system, and/or a cross-network by means of signals) A component (such as the Internet) that interacts with another component in another system).

Further, various embodiments are described herein in conjunction with user devices. User devices may also be referred to as systems, subscriber units, subscriber stations, mobile stations, mobile devices, remote stations, access points, base stations, remote terminals, user terminals, terminals, user agents, or The user equipment (uE)/user device may be a mobile phone, a wireless telephone, a session initiation communication protocol (Session Initiati〇n Pr〇t〇c〇丨; SIp) mobile wireless local loop (WLL) platform, PDA, handheld device with wireless connectivity or other processing device connected to the wireless data processor.

In addition, the various aspects or features described herein can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or manufacture using standard stylized and/or engineering techniques. The word "manufacturing article" is used herein. A computer program accessed from any computer readable device, carrier or media. By way of example, computer readable media may include, but are limited to, magnetic storage media (eg, hard drives, floppy disks, magnetic strips), optical discs (eg, compact discs (CD), digital versatile discs (DVD) )_..), smart card and flash memory device (eg, memory card ^^^(key drive)...) 〇114499.doc 1333349 ' to ensure a wide coverage area in a given geographic area. Multiple transmitters are deployed throughout the market to ensure that FLO signals reach the majority of the population in a given market. Typically, FLO technology utilizes OFDM. A frequency division based technique, such as OFDM, typically divides the frequency spectrum into distinct channels by dividing the frequency spectrum into a number of equal bandwidth blocks. For example, a frequency spectrum or frequency band configured for wireless mobile phone communication can be divided into 3 channel channel channels to carry a voice conversation or for digital services, digital data can be assigned to only one user at a time. Device or terminal. OFDM efficiently divides the overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal frequency channels. An OFDM system can use time division multiplexing and/or frequency division multiplexing to achieve orthogonality (多个rth〇g〇namy) for multiple data transmissions of multiple terminals. For example, different terminals can be configured with different channels, and data transmission for each terminal can be sent on the channel configured for the terminal. By using separate or non-overlapping channels for different terminals, interference between multiple terminals can be avoided or reduced, and improved results can be achieved. The performance of the human base station &amp; the wireless system is especially utilized. Help technology

H4499.doc a~' is used for testing and evaluation. Eligibility for installation of the launcher at the manufacturer. In addition, to ensure continuous transmitter performance. Used in wireless environments to evaluate wireless environments that transmit FLO, digital multimedia -15· 1333349 bulk broadcast (DMB), digital video broadcast (DVB), DVB-H, DVB-T, DVB-S or DVB-S2 signals. Referring now to Figure 1 ', a transmitter evaluation system 100 in accordance with the various aspects set forth herein is illustrated. System 100 can include a signal analyzer i04 that can be used to sample a signal generated by a transmitter 102. By using signal analyzer 104 (rather than using a receiver) to receive signals, System 1 can eliminate the receiver as a possible source of additional noise or distortion. System 1 〇 〇 may also include a processor 106 that is capable of processing the signals captured by signal analyzers 〇4 and generating metrics for evaluating the performance of transmitters 〇2. Processor 106 can include a channel estimator 108' that can be used to generate a frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier. The processor 106 can also include a metric generator 11 that produces a metric (e.g., modulation error rate (MER)) to evaluate the performance of the transmitter 102. The metric generated by the rate generator 11 可 may be based on a frequency domain channel estimate generated by the channel estimator 108. System 1A can also include a memory 112 coupled to processor 106 that stores information regarding transmitter performance evaluation. In addition, system 100 can include a display component 114 to allow a user to monitor transmitter performance through visual feedback generated by the processor. Processor 106 can provide various types of user interfaces for display component 114. For example, processor 106 can provide a graphical user interface (GUI), a command line interface, and the like. For example, a GUI can be presented that provides the user with an area for viewing transmitter information. These areas may include known text and/or graphics areas, including dialog boxes, static controls, drop-down menus, list boxes, pop-up menus, edit controls, combo blocks, selection buttons, checkboxes, Button or graphic block. 114499.doc

-16- 1333349 In addition, a utility (,) can be used to facilitate presentations such as vertical and/or horizontal scrolling axes and toolbar buttons for (4) to determine if an area will be available View area. In an example, a command line interface can be employed. For example, the command line interface can provide informational prompts (e.g., by text messages and audio tones on the display) to the user by providing a text message or alerting the user that the transmitter performance exceeds a predetermined threshold. It should be understood that Gm and / or application can be combined

The program interface (API) - uses the command line interface. In addition, a command line interface can be used in conjunction with a hardware (e.g., a video card), and/or a display with limited graphics support (e.g., a monochrome display and EGA) and/or a low frequency wide communication channel. In addition, if the transmitter performance is outside the acceptable range, the evaluation system can also generate an alarm to notify the user. Alerts may be audible, visual, or any other form intended to draw the user's attention. The evaluation system can include a set of pre-determined values&apos; to indicate the limits of the acceptable range. Alternative approach

The user can dynamically determine the limit. In addition, the evaluation system can generate alerts based on changes in transmitter performance. Referring now to Figure 2, a wireless communication system 200 in accordance with various aspects set forth herein is illustrated. System 2A may include one or more base stations 202 located in one or more sectors that receive, transmit, relay, etc. wireless communication signals to each of the other base stations and/or one or Multiple mobile devices 204 base stations may be used for fixed stations that communicate with terminals, and may also be referred to as access points, Node Bs, or other terms. Each base 02 can include a transmitter key and a receiver chain, and each transmitter chain

114499.doc -17· 1333349 and the receiver chain may include a plurality of components associated with signal transmission and reception (eg, processor, modulator, multiplexer, demodulation, demultiplexing, antenna, etc.) ), as known to those skilled in the art. Mobile device 204 can be, for example, a mobile handset, a smart phone, a handheld communication device, a handheld computing device, a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a pDA, or any other suitable device for communicating over wireless system 200. Moreover, each mobile device 204 can include - or multiple transmitter chains and __ receiver chains,

For multiple input multiple output (MIM〇) systems. Each transmitter and receiver chain may include a plurality of components (eg, processors, modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, de-multi-processors, antennas, etc.) associated with signal transmission and reception, such as Those skilled in the art are aware of this.

FIG. 3 illustrates a wireless communication system. System 3A includes a transmitter 3〇2 that receives data for transmission from a communication satellite system 3〇4. The signal from the satellite system 304 can be propagated through an integrated receiver decoder 3〇6 (which can include a Star Demodulation Transmitter 3〇8 and a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMp) Control Unit 3U). The signal data from the integrated receiver decoder can be input to an exciter 312 in the transmitter 3〇2. In addition, transmitter 302 can be coupled to an Internet provider (IP) network 314 via modem 316. Data machine 316 can be coupled to an SNMP control unit 318 within transmitter 3. The exciter 312 can include a parser and single frequency network (SFN) buffer 320, a pitcher core 322, and a digital to analog converter (DAC) and I/Q modulator 324. Data from the satellite system 304 can be parsed and stored in the parser and sfn buffer 320. The Pitcher Core 322 generates a complex number (c〇mpiex numbe〇, the signal source 114499.doc -18- as the in-phase (I) component and the vertical phase (Q) component is passed to the DAC and I/Q modulator 324. The DAC and I/Q modulator 324 can utilize a synthesizer 326 to process the signal data and generate an analog radio frequency (RF) signal. After converting the data to analog, the resulting RF signal data can be passed to a power amplifier 328 and passed To the spectral wave waver 330. In addition, the data can be first passed to the channel filter 332 before the data is transmitted by the antenna 334. To evaluate the transmitter performance, the RF signal data generated by the trigger 3 12 can be monitored. Sources of transmitter errors or noise include up-sampling, digital-to-analog conversion, and rF conversion. Signal data can be sampled at the output of the exciter and at the output of the channel filter, allowing for power amplification. RF signal sampling before and after filtering. If signal sampling is performed after amplification, the power amplification nonlinearity of the signal should be corrected. Now refer to Figure 4, which shows the connection to the transmitter system. The transmitter evaluation system 400 of the exciter 312. The signal from a global positioning system (Gps) receiver 402 can be used to synchronize the exciter 312 with the signal analyzer 1〇4. A GPS receiver 4〇2 can be used. The external 10 megahertz clock is fed to both the exciter 312 and the signal analyzer 1〇4 for use as a common clock reference. In order to synchronize the sampling of the signal analyzer 1〇4 with the output of the exciter 312 At the beginning of the superframe of the RF signal data, Gps 4〇2 can transmit a j pulse/second (pulse per* second; ppS) signal to the trigger 3 12 for synchronization and transmit to the signal analyzer 1〇4 to trigger the start. The signal analyzer 104 can generate a digital sample of the exciter analog turn-out waveform at a rate synchronized to the baseband chip rate of the transmitted signal. The sampled data is then fed to the processor 1〇6. The processor 1-6 can be implemented using a general purpose processor or a processor dedicated to analyzing the transmitter data at 114499.doc 19 1333349. The use of a general purpose processor can reduce the cost of the transmitter evaluation system. The signal analyzer 104 Can be configured to execute in floating point mode to avoid quantifying noise.

Referring now to Figure 5, the figure (4) is a diagram illustrating the constellation between the measured or received signal and the transmitted signal. The constellation diagram represents the real and imaginary parts of the plural, called in-phase or! Draw with the vertical phase or (10). The vector between the measured signal constellation point and the transmitted signal constellation point represents an error, which may include inaccurate digital to analog conversion, nonlinear power amplification, intra-band amplitude ripple, transmitter IFFT quantization error, and the like. The transmitter evaluation system can generate - or multiple metrics to evaluate transmitter performance. The metrics generated by the processor include, but are not limited to, modulation error rate (MER), group delay, or channel frequency response. Specifically, mer measures the effects of defects in the transmitter. The subcarrier]^]511 is equivalent to the subcarrier's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The following equation can be used to generate mer: Τ7Σ(/2+β2)

MER{dB) =101〇g-jl---- Gentry (Δ/2+Δρ2) Here, the in-phase value of the constellation points measured by the I system, the vertical phase value of the constellation points measured by the Q system, and the N system The number of subcarriers. ΔΙ is the difference between the in-phase value of the transmitted signal and the in-phase value of the measured signal, and the AQ is the difference between the orthogonal value of the transmitted signal and the vertical phase of the measured signal. 6 to 10, 12 and 13, the figure illustrates the methodology for evaluating transmitter performance in a wireless communication system. Although the methodology for the purpose of simplifying the explanation 114499.doc •20- is drawn and the % is drawn as a series of actions, it should be understood that 'Fang Ling is not limited by the sequence of actions, according to one or more specific embodiments, some The actions may occur in an order different from that described herein, and may occur in the order described and/or concurrent with other actions. I 彳 For example, those skilled in the art should understand that the method: alternatively can be expressed as - a reverse correlation state or event, such as a state diagram. In addition, according to the specific embodiment, the method can be implemented by using the actions illustrated by the points. Referring now to Figure 6', a methodology for processing lamp signal data received from a transmitter and evaluating transmitter performance is illustrated. Typically, the transmitter broadcasts an instantaneous scheduled data stream in units of hyperframes. A hyperframe can include a frame group (e.g., 16 frames), wherein a frame is a logical data unit. At step 602, a signal from the transmitter is received or sampled, and the received signal can be written as follows:

Yk = Hk.Pk + Nk Here, the channel of the subcarrier k is tied. The known modulation symbol Pk can be transmitted on the subcarrier k. With zero mean and σ2 variance 2 Complex additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) can be represented by Nk. Possible modulation patterns for subcarriers may include, but are not limited to, vertical phase shift keying (QPSK); layered QPSK with energy ratio 6.25 (ER6.25); 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation; vertical) Phase amplitude modulation); and a layered QPSK with an energy ratio of 4.0 (ER4). When analyzed according to the constellation point of view, the hierarchical QPSK with energy ratio of 4.0 is identical to 114499.doc • 21 - 1333349 16QAM. In this context, a constellation perspective refers to a digital modulation scheme that uses constellation points to represent a complex plane. The modulating symbol can be represented as a constellation point on the constellation. At step 604, a starting frequency domain channel estimate for the subcarriers can be determined. The start channel estimate for each subcarrier can be obtained by dividing the received symbol Yk by the known symbol Pk. The selected symbols can be transmitted such that the symbol is known for performance evaluation. The initial frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier k of all 0FDM symbols in the superframe can be expressed as follows: K\ where zk&gt;1 is the starting channel estimate for the subcarrier tk&amp;OFDM symbol. At step 606', the average channel estimate 1 is determined by calculating the entire supersound: i rk, i

The average of the L box, the fine revision channel estimate Zk i,

Hk = R + lv ^.i , pk K, r where _; k is the 0FDM symbol index, and the number of 0FD_ 疋 in the L system is (for example, '1188 characters ^ due to the variation of the average channel estimate 3: : Estimated at the starting channel, so during the generation of the metric, the average $ and estimated variation 豸 can be used to roughly estimate the channel gain of the subcarrier. +, ^6G8 'Generate a metric for evaluating the performance of the transmitter. The subcarrier (4) is generated. If the transmitted symbol is known, the noise variation is estimated as follows: K\2 k, m II4499.doc -22- 1333349 Here, Xk,m denotes subcarrier k The in-phase component of the transmitted symbol is approximated by the vertical phase component: If the random variable Bk is the estimated number of noise variations, ^ 1 Μ

Can show the noise wk and: Ε^) = ~~Ε〇ν^) = σ2

MERI can determine the MER based on the average channel estimate of the subcarriers, the symbols transmitted on the subcarriers, and (4) for the subcarrier reception. The MER can be calculated according to the following exemplary formula: MERk = E\Yk-Hk.pk\^ =£1Μ^ΙΑ1! Five I % I2 ^1^12 -E\Pt\2

Here, the average channel of the subcarrier k is estimated to be transmitted, and the signal transmitted on the subcarrier is Yk, and the Yk is received by the signal &amp; Nj^, awgn. In addition, the MER can be calculated by calculating the average of all subcarriers. Additional metrics can be generated to evaluate transmitter performance. For example, the metrics can include frequency response and group delay. The group delay for subcarriers can be calculated as follows: GDk dQ. 1 r ~Τ~ I* =--E Λο 2π △/* '-1 y where k=l”&quot;, 4000 ; subcarrier The phase difference between 1^ and 匕1; 114499*doc ·23· 1333349 and △•/^, the frequency difference between subcarriers k and kl. Now refer to Figure 7, the towel is transmitted. The method 700 for evaluating the transmitter in the unknown case of the metasystem. The modulation symbol (e.g., QPSK416QAM symbol) is unknown when passing the instantaneous data stream. However, the preamble is known. At step 702, the signal is received. A coarse starting channel estimate of the subcarriers may be generated at step 7 。 4. The coarse starting channel estimate may be implemented using known preambles and linear interpolation and extrapolation, as described below with respect to FIG. In step 706, the modulation symbol of the subcarrier is determined. The constellation can be used to determine the modulation symbol 所述 as described below with respect to Figures 9 and 1 兀. It can be based on the constellation point and phase of the received signal. The symbol is selected corresponding to the distance between the constellation points of the modulation symbol closest to the symbol. Further details will be given below. Fine descriptor element selection. The initial frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier can be determined in step 708. The starting channel estimate for each subcarrier can be obtained by dividing the received signal by the modulation symbol '. 710, the channel estimation average of the entire hyperframe can be calculated to increase the accuracy. The average channel estimation can be determined using the coarse channel estimation, the channel estimation based on the modulation symbols, or the two sets of channel estimates. A metric may be generated for evaluating the transmitter based at least locally on the channel estimate. For example, the MER of each subcarrier may be determined based on channel estimates and modulation symbols, as described in detail above. Referring now to Figure 8 The method 800 for generating a coarse channel estimate is illustrated. As discussed in detail above, the received signal can be written as a function of channel estimation, subcarrier symbols, and noise term AWgn. In each OFDM symbol 'The pre-determined number of receivers known to carry the preamble 114499.doc •24·

Subcarriers of 1333349 (e.g., 500 subcarriers carrying QPSK preambles) β Therefore, the modulation symbols of this subcarrier subgroup are known. Accordingly, at step 802, a channel estimate for the leading subcarriers can be calculated. At step 804, linear interpolation may be used to obtain a channel estimate for the subcarriers located between the two leading subcarriers. In step 8〇6, a linear outer subtraction can be used to obtain a channel estimate for the subcarriers located at the end of the hyperframe, and accordingly a channel estimate for the subcarriers that are not located between the leading subcarriers is obtained. In addition, since there are (2, 6) patterns of the preambles OFDM for the OFDM symbols of the hyperframe, 5 (10) of the current DMFDM symbols can be used to refer to the 5 先前 of the previous OFDM symbols. Both preambles are used to obtain frequency domain channel estimates. In such cases, the preamble is used to generate the leading subcarriers, and the channel estimates for the remaining subcarriers are obtained by linear extrapolation. Referring now to Figure 9, a methodology 900 for determining a modulated symbol is illustrated. At step 902, the distance between the constellation point of the received signal and the constellation point of the possible modulation symbol is calculated. For example, the distance between the constellation point of the received signal and the QpsK constellation point closest to the signal constellation point, and the distance between the signal constellation point and the 16QAM constellation point closest to the signal constellation point can be calculated. In step 9〇4, the modulation constellation point closest to the signal constellation point is selected as the modulation symbol. In order to increase the accuracy of the modulation symbol selection, it is possible to compare the modulation symbols with the modulation patterns of a sub-carrier sub-group having a uniform modulation type. Half-interlace is used herein as an example of a sub-carrier subset with a consistent modulation. However, in the systems and methods discussed herein, the subset of subcarriers having a modified version is not limited to being semi-interlaced. By checking the modulation symbols of the subcarriers by adjusting the sub-carrier sub-group modulation 114499.doc • 25- 1333349 type, the modulation symbol selection error can be avoided. In step 906, the sub-carrier sub-group can be determined. Variant. At step 908, it is determined whether the modulated symbol is in a modulated state. If so, the processing terminates. If not, then at step 910, the modulation symbols are re-evaluated and the modulation symbols consistent with the modulation pattern are selected. Typically, the modulation pattern remains consistent during the half-interlacing. In general, a, due to the constraints of the FLO agreement, the modulation pattern within the intent is unchanged. In this context, an interlace is a subcarrier group (e.g., 500 subcarriers). Accordingly, the half-interlace is one-half interleaved (e.g., 250 sub-carriers). But for 'rate_2/3 Uyered modulation', when operating in only the base layer mode (base_iayer 〇nly m〇de), you can switch the modulation pattern in an interlace to QpSK. Even under these conditions, the modulation pattern within each half-interlace remains constant. Even under this condition, the majority decision (maj〇rity v〇ting) can be used to determine the modulation pattern of each half-family error. To determine the modulation pattern of a semi-interlaced or any other sub-carrier subset having a uniform modulation pattern, the modulation symbols for each sub-carrier within the sub-group can be determined and the modulation pattern determined accordingly. The majority of the decisions based on the modulation patterns of each subcarrier can be used to determine the modulation pattern of the subgroup. For example, for a half-interlace comprising 250 subcarriers, the modulation pattern of 198 subcarriers of the subcarriers may be consistent with the qpsk modulation type' and the modulation symbols of the remaining 52 subcarriers may be Consistent with the 16QAM modulation pattern. Since most of the subcarriers are detected as QPSK, QPSK will be selected as a semi-interlaced modulation. The 25 subcarriers associated with the 16qaM modulation pattern can be re-evaluated and reassigned to the QPSK Modifier based on their position in the constellation -26-114499.doc 1333349. Compare the modulated symbols with the semi-interlaced The modulation type 'and re-evaluate the modulation symbols as needed to increase the accuracy of the modulation symbol. Please refer to the figure ίο to π ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο At step 1002, a constellation point representing various modulation symbols is included

The constellation diagram is divided into a series of regions. Each region is associated with a modulation constellation point. The regions are defined such that all points in each region have the following properties: the distance from the point to the constellation point of the region is less than or equal to the distance between the point and any other region constellation points. Figure i i illustrates a set of regions covering the first quadrant of the constellation. At step 1004, the area in which the constellation point of the received signal is located is determined. A modulation symbol corresponding to the region of the constellation point of the received signal is selected as the modulation symbol. Can be checked against a modulation pattern of subcarrier subsets (eg, semi-interlaced) with consistent modulation patterns

Modifier 70. At step 1006, a modulation pattern of the subcarrier subgroups can be determined. At step 1008, it is determined whether the modulated symbol is in a modulated state. If 疋: the handler terminates. If no, in step 丨 (4), re-evaluate the modulation symbol and select the modulation symbol that is consistent with the modulation pattern. The transmitter (4) system and method described herein should also include phase correction to reduce errors or distortions due to time-frequency offsets. If phase correction is not implemented, the channel estimate average may be inaccurate and may be incorrectly evaluated accordingly. The phase correction is typically performed after calculating the channel estimate average to correct the phase slope due to the frequency offset. i Fig. 12's financial indication is used to evaluate the method 1200 using phase correction. Receiving a message from the transmitter at step 1202'

-27- (S1333349. In step 1204, the channel estimate of the subcarrier can be determined. The known symbol (as shown in FIG. 6) or the unknown symbol (as shown in FIG. 7) can be used to determine the frequency = 2 In step 1206, phase correction may be performed. After phase correction, = step 1208, an average channel estimate may be determined. In step 121, a measure of the effectiveness of the transmitter may be generated. For example, t may be based on channel estimation. Determine the MER of the subcarrier.

Referring now to Figure 13, a methodology 1300 for correcting frequency offsets is illustrated. The received signal including the frequency offset can be written as follows: ' N-1 = ^ ^^(««ο+ηΰ^+Δο)/ Πβ〇

Here, 'Rn is the complex amplitude of the nth subcarrier, and N is the total number of subcarriers. ω 〇 indicates the frequency of the starting subcarrier, 1 the frequency of the subcarrier spacing, and the Δ〇〇 frequency offset. A constant frequency offset will result in a linear phase that changes over time. A frequency offset that changes over time will result in a parabolic phase that changes over time. A constant or linearly varying frequency offset causes a parabolic phase change, which can be corrected before the average is calculated, as shown in Figure 12. A linear phase change can be corrected by calculating the slope of the phase change using a first order phase correction algorithm. For example, the phase change can be calculated as follows: ^ = -η-Ψο

Dt TOFDMU φ,+]~ L where A%+1 = +1 +1 - the phase change of the channel estimate between two adjacent OFDM symbols, the phase of the Φβ-based initial channel estimate, L-line OFDM Symbol U4499.doc • 28· &lt; S ) 1333349 The number and tofdm period β can be corrected using the second-order phase correction of the LS algorithm to determine the parameters a, b and c of the parabolic function to correct the parabolic phase change. The estimated phase can be written as φα, =a-t2 +b-t + c where t is the time. The estimated phase can be used to correct the predicted phase before calculating the average.

However, the 'frequency offset is not necessarily a 3 fixed change. Accordingly, the phase change is not necessarily linear or parabolic and predictable. A possible solution for correcting the variable frequency offset includes dividing the duration into segments and receiving an estimate of the phase change of each segment. As a result, the estimated noise variation number in the heart equation described in Fig. 6 should be modified as follows: 4

Bk = ΣΚ /=1

Here, the number of N-series segments D from each channel of each FDM symbol derived by the received signal can be decomposed into two orthogonal dimensions (rth〇g〇nal dimensi-: amplitude dimension) And the phase dimension. The noise dimension of the amplitude dimension can be regarded as additive: color Gaussian noise. The noise term in the phase dimension can be regarded as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and from frequency offset. The sum of the distortions of the shift. The distortion caused by the frequency offset should be excluded. However, the component of the AWGN in the phase dimension should be maintained. As shown in the method 13 of Figure B, in the step coffee, the decision time will be 114499.doc • 29. The frequency of the dL segment. In step 1304, 'the phase change attributed to (4) 7 is estimated. In step 13 () 6, the JL segment is corrected using the - or second-order correction. In step 13 〇 8, the decision is made. Is there a segment of the amount to be corrected? Name: Θ ^ 疋 'The process returns to step 13 (Μ to determine the phase correction of the next slice. If not, the handler terminates. The power is in the middle, if the amplitude The number of noise variations in the dimension is equal to the number of noise variations in phase 〇Ft Then the maximum number of segments is equal to the number of symbols being processed by the processor. According to this, the noise in the phase dimension will be excluded, and the distortion due to the frequency offset will be corrected. As a result, the dirty (which includes the noise of the phase dimension) The true value of the ) will be equal to the value of the reduced one constant (for example, 3.01 dB). Pass 2 Γ (4) This paper - or a number of specific examples, can be inferred ^, frequency, etc. In this paper The use of the word "inference" means inferring (or inferring) the percentage of clothing and/or user state A from a set of observations taken from the data or data. For example, inference can be used to identify specific content. Or action, or may generate a state probability distribution (pr()babimy tr^utl0n). Inference may be probabilistic; that is, based on data and event considerations, calculate the probability distribution of the state of interest. Inference may also mean , group events and/or data constitute the techniques used at higher level events. Such inferences result in the construction of new events or data from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, regardless of whether the event is in close temporal proximity. (4) 曰temP〇r aIproximity) is associated with each other, and whether the event and the poor material are from - or several events and sources of information. According to the - item example, the above - or a number of methods may include inferring the phase 114499.doc 30. 1333349 bit correction The number of segments used. In addition, the data and format to be displayed to the user can be inferred. Reference is now made to Figure 14, which illustrates the evaluation of transmitter performance in a wireless communication environment as proposed herein. The system test 4.9 includes: - a channel estimation generator_2, which generates a frequency 4 channel estimate of the subcarrier; - an average generator, which calculates the average of the subcarriers. (4) an estimate; and - a metric generator 14G6 , which produces a measure for evaluating transmitter performance, such as MER. System 1 may also include a phase corrector 1408 that corrects the phase slope caused by the frequency offset. The signal can be segmented into segments for phase correction by a signal segmenter 1410. Additionally, system 1400 can include a symbol determiner 1412 that determines the modulation symbols for the subcarriers. The symbol can be selected by a symbol selector 1414 in accordance with the distance between the received signal and the modulated symbol in a complex plane as determined by a distance determiner 1416. Alternatively, the complex plane can be divided into regions by a complex plane divider 141 8 and the region in which the received signal is located can be selected by a region selector 1420 and used to determine symbols. Additionally, system 1400 can include a coarse channel generator 1422 that produces a coarse channel estimate. An interpolator and extrapolator 1424 can be used to generate a coarse channel estimate. Figure 15 illustrates a system 1500 for monitoring transmitter performance in a communication environment. System 1500 includes a base station 15A2 including a receiver 151, received from one or more user devices 1504 via one or more receive antennas 1506, and transmitted through one or more transmit antennas 15A Signals to one or more user devices 1504. In one or more embodiments, 114499.doc -31 - (s) 1333349 can be implemented with an early antenna to implement receive antenna 1506 and transmit antenna 1508. Receiver 1510 can receive information from receive antenna 1506 and is operatively associated with a demodulation transformer 1512 that demodulates the received information. The receiver 15 1 may be, for example, a Rake receiver (for example, a technique of using a plurality of baseband correlators to individually process multipath signal components, ...), one to MMSE A based receiver or some other suitable receiver for dispensing its assigned user device is known to those skilled in the art. Depending on the aspect, multiple receivers (e.g., one receiver per receiving antenna) may be employed, and such receivers may be in communication with one another to provide improved user data. The demodulated symbol is analyzed by a processor 1514. Processor 1514 may be a processor dedicated to analyzing the information received by receiver 151 and/or generating information for transmission by the transmitter. The processor 1514 may be a processor that controls one or more components of the base station 15〇2, and/or analyzes information received by the receiver 151〇 and/or generates information for transmission by the transmitter 1520 and controls the base station. 15〇2 processor of one or more components. Receiver 1510 and/or processor 1514 can jointly process the receiver output of each antenna. A modulator 1518 can multiplex the signal for transmission by the transmitter 1520 to the user device through the transmission antenna 15A. The processor 1514 can be coupled to a FL channel component 1522. The components can facilitate processing of FLO information associated with one or more respective user devices 15〇4. Base station 1502 can also include a transmitter monitor 1524. The detector can sample the transmitter output and/or the transmit antenna output and ^ = the performance of the transmitter 1520. Transmitter monitor 1524 can be coupled to processor 114499.doc -32·c s) 1514. Alternatively, the 'transmitter monitor 1524' can include a separate processor for processing the transmitter output. Additionally, the transmitter monitor core can be independent of base station 1 502. The base port 1502 can additionally include a memory 1516 that is operatively coupled to the processor 1514 and can store information about the constellation area and/or any other suitable information for implementing the various actions and functions presented herein. It should be understood that the data storage (e.g., memory) components described herein may be volatile memory devices or non-volatile memory devices, or may include both volatile memory devices and non-volatile memory devices. By way of illustration, not limitation, 'non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (r〇m), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable R〇M (EpR〇M), and electric cocoa In addition to ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which can be used as external cache memory. By way of illustration, not limitation, there are many forms of RAM available, such as Synchronous RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (Dr) R sdrAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM) and direct

Rambus RAM (DRRAM) » Themes and methods of memory memory 15 16 are intended to include, but are not limited to, their and any other suitable type of memory. FIG. 16 depicts an exemplary wireless communication system 1600. For the sake of brevity, the wireless communication system 1600 depicts a base station and a user device. However, it should be understood that the system may include more than one base station and/or more than one user device, wherein the additional base station and/or user device may be substantially similar to 114499.doc -33 - 1333349 at or different from An exemplary base station and user device. In addition, it should be understood that the base station and/or user equipment may employ the systems (Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 14-15) and/or methods described herein (Figs. 6_1 and 1213). Referring now to FIG. 16, on the downlink, at the access point 16〇5, a transmission data processor 1610 receives, formats, codes, interleaves, and modulates (or symbol maps) the traffic data. And provide the modulation symbol (data symbol). A symbol modulator 1615 receives and processes the data symbols and preamble symbols and provides a symbol stream. The symbol modulator 1615 multiplexes the data symbols and preamble symbols and provides data symbols and preamble symbols to a transmitter unit (TMTR) 1620. Each transmission symbol can be a data symbol, a preamble or a zero value signal. The preamble is continuously transmitted in each symbol period. The preamble can be divided into frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), or code division multiplexing (CDM). The TMTR 1620 receives the symbol stream and converts the symbol stream into one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to produce a downlink suitable for transmission over the wireless channel. Signal. The downlink signal is then transmitted through an antenna 1625 to the user device. At user device 163, an antenna 1635 receives the downlink signal and provides a received signal to a receiver unit (RCVR) 1640. The receiver 164 〇 adjusts (eg, filters, amplifies, and upconverts) the received signal and digitizes the conditioned signal to obtain a sample. A symbol demodulation transformer 1645 demodulates and provides a received preamble to a processor 1650' for channel estimation. The symbol demodulator 1645 further receives the frequency response estimate of the downlink from the processor 1650, and performs data demodulation on the data symbols received by the 114499.doc • 34· to obtain a data symbol estimate (the system) , ''Earth of the data symbol of the earth transmission), and provide the data element estimate to a receiving (RX) data processor 1655, which demodulates (ie, symbol demap), deinterleaves, and decodes the data symbols. Estimated to recover the transmitted traffic information. The processing performed by the π demodulation transformer 1645 and the receiving (RX) data processor 1655 is complementary to the processing performed by the symbol modulator 1615 and the transmission (TX) data processor 161 at the access point 1605, respectively. . On the uplink, a transport (τχ) data processor 1660 processes the traffic information and provides data symbols. A symbol modulator 1665 receives and multiplexes the processing element 7L with the leading symbol 'to perform modulation, and provides a symbol stream. Next, the transmitter unit 1670 receives and processes the symbol stream to generate an uplink signal, which is transmitted by the antenna 1635 to the access point 16〇5. At the access point 1605, the uplink signal from the user device user device 163 is received by the antenna 1625 and processed by the receiver unit 1675 to obtain samples. Next, the one-element demodulation transformer 168 processes the samples and provides received pre-derivative symbols and data symbol estimates for the uplink. A receive (RX) data processor 16 8 5 processes the data symbol estimates to recover the traffic data transmitted by the user device 1630. A processor 169 implements channel estimation for each of the active devices on the uplink. Multiple user devices may each be assigned a preamble on the uplink subcarrier group on the uplink, where the preamble subcarrier groups may be interleaved. Processors 1690 and 1650 respectively instruct (e.g., control, coordinate, manage, etc.) access point picking point 1605 and operation at user device 1630. Each of the processors 1690 and 1650 can be associated with a memory for storing code and data 114499.doc -35- 1333349 body unit (not shown). Processor_ and 1650 can utilize any of the methodologies described herein. The respective processors 169〇 and 165〇 can also perform calculations to derive the frequency response estimates and impulse response-estimates for the uplink and downlink links, respectively. * For software implementations, the techniques described herein can be implemented using modules (eg, 'programs, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. The software code can be stored in the memory unit and executed by the processor. The memory unit is implemented internally or external to the processor, in which case the memory unit can be communicatively transferred to the processor via various means well known in the art. Examples of Various Specific Embodiments Of course, it is not possible to describe all conceivable components or combinations of methodologies for describing the specific embodiments mentioned above, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that further combinations of many specific embodiments are understood. And replacement is feasible. Accordingly, the particular embodiments described are intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications and In addition, to some extent, the term "includes" is used in the [embodiment] or the scope of the patent application. When such terms are used as conversion terms in the scope of patent application, such terms are expected to be similar to terms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The following is a schematic diagram of a transmitter evaluation system in accordance with one or more aspects presented herein. Figure 2 depicts one or more aspects not set forth herein. A diagram of a wireless communication system. 114499.doc - 36- (s, Figure 3 illustrates a diagram in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more aspects of a wireless communication system. Figure 4 illustrates a diagram in accordance with the teachings herein. One or more aspects of the transmitter evaluation system

Figure 5 shows the constellation diagram for the difference between the measurements. Figure 6 illustrates a methodology in accordance with the teachings presented herein. A difference or a plurality of aspects between the volume signal and the transmitted wheel signal is used to evaluate the transmitter. Figure 7 illustrates a methodology for evaluating the transmitter according to the multi-orientation set forth herein. °, Figure 8 illustrates a methodology for generating coarse channel estimates in accordance with one or more of the aspects set forth herein. Figures 9, and illustrate the methodology used to determine the modulated symbols in accordance with one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

Figure 10 illustrates a methodology for determining a modulated symbol in accordance with one or more of the aspects set forth herein. Figure 11 illustrates the division of the constellation into right-hand regions according to one or more of the aspects presented herein. Figure 12 continues with a methodology for evaluating a transmitter using phase correction in accordance with one or more aspects presented herein. Figure 13 shows the methodology used to implement phase correction in accordance with one or more of the aspects presented herein. Figure 14 continued to illustrate a diagram of a system for evaluating transmitter performance in a wireless communication environment in accordance with one or more aspects set forth herein. H4499.doc &lt;5 - 37. 1333349 Figure 15 illustrates a diagram of a system for monitoring transmitter performance in a wireless communication environment in accordance with one or more aspects set forth herein. Figure 16 illustrates a diagram of a wireless communication environment that can be employed in conjunction with the various systems and methods described herein. &lt; [Description of main component symbols] 100 Transmitter evaluation system 102 Transmitter 104 Signal analyzer

106 Processor 108 Channel Estimator 110 Metric Generator 112 Memory 114 Display Component 200 Wireless Communication System 202 Base Station

204 Mobile Device 3 Wireless Communication System 302 Transmitter 304 Communication Satellite System 306 Integrated Receiver Decoder 308 Satellite Demodulation Device 31 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Control Sheet _ 312 Exciter 314 Internet Provisioning (IP) Network 114499.doc 1333349 316 Data Machine 318 SNMP Control Unit 320 Profiler and Signal Frequency Network (SFN) Buffer 322 Pitcher Core 324 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) and I/Q Modulator 326 Synthesizer 328 Power Amplifier 330 Harmonic Filter

332 Channel Filter 334 Antenna 400 Transmitter Evaluation System 402 Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver 1400 System 1402 Channel Estimator Generator 1404 Average Generator

1406 metric generator 1408 phase corrector 1410 signal segmenter 1412 symbol determiner 1414 symbol selector 1416 distance determiner 1418 complex plane divider 1420 region selector 1422 coarse channel generator 114499.doc • 39· (s ϊ 1333349

1424 Interposer and Outer 1500 System 1502 Base Station 1504 User Equipment 1506 Receiving Antenna 1508 Transmission Antenna 1510 Receiver 1512 Demodulation Transformer 1514 Processor 1516 Memory 1518 Modulator 1520 Transmitter 1522 FLO Channel Component 1524 Transmit Monitor 1600 Wireless Communication System 1605 Access Point 1610 Transmission (TX) Data Processor 1615 Symbol Modulator 1620 Transmitter Unit (TMTR) 1625 Antenna 1630 User Equipment 1635 Antenna 1640 Receiver Unit (RCVR) 1645 Symbol Demodulation Converter -40 - \ I4499.doc 1333349 1650 Processor 1655 Receiver (RX) Data Processor 1660 Transport (TX) Data Processor 1665 Symbol Modulator 1670 Transmitter Unit 1675 Receiver Unit 1680 Symbol Demodulation Transmitter 1685 Receive (RX) Data Processor 1690 Processor 114499.doc • 41 -

Claims (1)

1333349 Qiao Nianyue '7th Amendment No. 09513 Other No. 9 Patent Application Chinese Patent Application Substitution Replacement (June 99) X. Application Patent Range: 1 · An evaluation transmitter performance for a wireless communication system The method includes: generating a frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers of the transmitter signal; determining an average frequency domain channel of each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; estimating; Generating, based at least in part on the average frequency domain channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers, at least one metric indicative of transmitter performance. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: sampling from a transmitter The analog signal is generated to generate the transmitter signal. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: correcting the transmitter signal for a power amplification nonlinearity caused by sampling the analog signal of the transmitter after power amplification. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers, the modulation symbol being The method for determining the frequency domain channel and the at least one metric is utilized. 5. The method of claim 4, determining the modulation symbol of each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers further comprises: determining that the a point of one of the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to the transmitter signal in the complex plane and a point 114499 corresponding to one of the at least one possible modulation symbol in the complex plane - 990617.doc A distance between 1333349; and ι 才 才 corresponds to the nearest modulating symbol of the signal point, for the sub-兀.·-占远, Α complex (5) carrier towel (four) carrier The variable is the selected modulation symbol. 6. According to the method of claim 4, determining a modulation symbol of each of the plurality of subcarriers includes: The complex plane is divided into a plurality of regions, each region is opposite to a possible modulation symbol; and a region of the plurality of subcarriers representing the transmitter signal, where the point of the secondary wave is located, the plurality of subcarriers The minor metric of the vice ruling = relative The method of the selected area is as follows: 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising: determining, according to a majority decision, a subcarrier having a uniform modulation type among the plurality of subcarriers a modified version of the group; and if the modulated symbol of each of the subcarriers of the plurality of subcarriers is inconsistent with the majority of the modulated type, re-evaluating, subcarrier The modulating symbol. The method of claim 4, further comprising: generating a coarse frequency domain frequency first estimate for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. 9. generating the complex number according to the method of claim 8. A coarse channel estimate for each of the subcarriers further includes: generating a coarse frequency for each of the plurality of subcarriers of the plurality of subcarriers #114499-990617.doc -2- 1333349 channel estimation; the interpolation is located at And the coarse frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers between the preamble subcarriers; and extrapolating the subcarriers of the plurality of subcarriers not located between the preamble subcarriers Rough frequency domain channel estimate. 10. The method of claim 8, the average frequency domain channel estimate being based at least in part on the coarse frequency domain channel estimates of the plurality of subcarriers. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating a graphical user interface (GUI) for presenting the at least one metric to a user. 1 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating a warning if the value of the at least one metric exceeds a value of the pre-determined range. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: performing phase correction on the frequency domain channel estimates. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein performing phase correction further comprises: performing a first order phase correction using a slope of the phase change; and performing a second order phase correction in a least squares (LS) algorithm. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein performing phase correction further comprises: dividing the transmitter signal into a set of segments, each segment comprising at least one symbol; and performing phase correction for each segment. 16_If the method of requesting the item, the at least the degree includes the modulation error rate (MER), the noise variation number, the channel frequency response and the group delay to 114499-990617.doc 1333349 17 18. 19. Less One. The method (FLO) signal of claim 1. The transmitter signal is only in the way of the key path, such as the method of the transmitter signal coefficient bit multimedia (DMB), digital video broadcasting (DVB), DVB_H, DVB D, DVB-S2 signal. At least one. "Broadcasting" DVB - A device that facilitates evaluation of transmissions in a wireless communication system, including: device performance = signal analyzer 'sampling - transmitter - RF signal; - processor, for - transmitter signal - super All symbols in the frame calculate a frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; and calculate the frequency domain channel estimates for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. An average of ten, and based at least in part on an average of the frequency domain channel estimates, generates at least one transmitter metric; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing information about the symbols . 20. The device of claim 19, the processor determining a modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers, the modulation symbol generating the frequency domain channel estimates and the at least one degree Use it when you use it. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the processor determines, according to a majority decision, a modulation of a subcarrier sub-frame having one of the plurality of subcarriers having a uniform modulation type; and if the plurality of subcarriers The modulation symbol of each subcarrier in the subcarrier subgroup is inconsistent with the modulation type, and the modulation symbol of the subcarrier is re-evaluated. 114499-990617.doc 1333349 22. The device of claim 2, wherein the processor determines a point between one of the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to the transmitter signal in a constellation and a difference between a point in the constellation diagram corresponding to at least one possible modulation symbol - a possible modulation symbol; and selecting the possible corresponding to the modulation constellation point closest to the signal constellation point The modulation symbol 用于 is used for the selected (four) symbol of the subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers. 23. The device of claim 20, wherein the memory stores a plurality of regions of a constellation, each region corresponding to a possible modulation symbol; and the processor selecting the complex number corresponding to the transmitter signal An area in which one of the subcarriers has a constellation point, and the modulation symbol of the one of the plurality of subcarriers corresponds to the possible modulation symbol of the selected area . 4. The apparatus of claim 19, the processor generating a coarse channel estimate for each 岫V subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; performing linear interpolation to generate the preamble between the preamble subcarriers The coarse channel estimate for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; and linear extrapolation is performed to generate the coarse channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers not located between the preamble subcarriers. 25. The device of claim 19, further comprising a display component that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for a user to view the at least one metric. 26. The device of claim 19, the processor splitting the transmitter signal into at least one segment having at least a symbol; and performing phase calibration 114499-990617.doc 1333349 for each segment. 27. Equipment for the purpose of item 19. 28. At least one of the error rate (MER), noise change, channel frequency response, and group is not included. And a wireless communication device, comprising: a frequency domain channel estimation component for generating each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers for all symbols in the data unit of the transmitter signal; Determining, by a component of an average frequency domain channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers, and for determining the average frequency domain channel estimate based at least in part on each of the plurality of subcarriers A component of at least one measure of transmitter performance. The device of claim 28, further comprising: means for determining a modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers, wherein the modulation symbol is generated in the frequency domain channel estimate and the at least Use it when measuring. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising: means for determining a modulation type of the subcarrier subset of the plurality of subcarriers having a uniform modulation type according to a majority decision; and If the modulation symbol of each subcarrier in the subcarrier subgroup of the plurality of subcarriers is not related to the modulation plastic state, the component of the modulation symbol of the subcarrier is re-evaluated. 114499-990617.doc • 6 - 3349 31 The device of claim 29, comprising: means for determining a modulation symbol further for the transmitter signal and for determining a possible modulation symbol in the complex plane And a component corresponding to a distance between one of the at least one possible modulation symbol in a point of one of the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to a complex plane; and 32. Selecting the component of the possible modulation symbol corresponding to the modulator closest to the signal point, the modulation symbol for the carrier of the plurality of subcarriers is the selected modulation symbol. The apparatus of the sub-request of claim 29 includes: means for determining a modulation symbol further for dividing a complex plane into a plurality of regions, each region corresponding to a possible modulator And a means for selecting a region of a subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to the transmitter signal, the modulation symbol of the subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers Corresponding to the possible modulation symbol of the selected region. 33. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising: means for generating a coarse channel estimate for each preamble subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; and means for performing linear interpolation and linear extrapolation Performing linear interpolation to generate the coarse channel estimate for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers between the preamble subcarriers, and performing linear extrapolation to generate non-located preamble pairs The coarse channel estimate for each of the subcarriers of the plurality of 114499-990617.doc 1333349 subcarriers between the carriers. 34. 35. 36. 37. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising: means for segmenting the delta-emissive number into a set of segments, &gt; the segment comprising at least one symbol; and the slice for each A segment performs a phase correction component. A computer readable medium having a plurality of stored computer executable instructions for: generating a frequency domain channel estimate for each subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for all symbols in a data unit of a transmitter signal Determining an average frequency domain channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers; and generating, based at least in part on the average frequency domain channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers, generating at least transmitter performance A metric. In the computer readable medium of claim 35, the method further comprises the following instructions: 曰 determining a modulation symbol of each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers, the modulation symbol being generated in the frequency domain The channel estimate and the at least one metric are utilized. The computer readable medium of claim 36, the method comprising the following instructions: determining, according to a method of determining a plurality of subcarriers, a modulation of a subset of subcarriers having a modulated variant a type; and if the modulation of each subcarrier in the subcarrier subgroup of the plurality of subcarriers is not related to the modulation type, re-evaluating the sub-H4499-990617.doc 1333349 The modulation symbol of the carrier. 38. The computer readable medium of claim 36, further comprising instructions for: determining a point of one of the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to the transmitter signal in a complex plane and at a distance between a point in the complex plane corresponding to a possible one of the at least one possible modulation symbol; and selecting the possible adjustment corresponding to the modulation symbol point closest to the signal point The argument element, the modulation symbol for the subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers is the selected modulation symbol. 39. The computer readable medium of claim 36, further comprising instructions for: dividing the complex plane into a plurality of regions, each region corresponding to a possible modulation symbol; and selecting a corresponding transmitter signal The _ region of the subcarrier of one of the plurality of subcarriers, the modulation symbol of the subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to the possible modulator of the selected region yuan. 40. The computer readable medium of claim 35, the method comprising the steps of: generating a preamble subcarrier Τ-α-^ channel estimate for the plurality of subcarriers; interpolating at the preamble _S The coarse frequency domain channel estimate of the plurality of subcarriers-subcarriers between the carrier and the pilot carrier; and 114499-990617.doc 1333349 externally broadcasting the plurality of subcarriers not between the preamble subcarriers The coarse frequency domain channel estimate for each of the subcarriers, such as the computer readable medium of claim 35, further comprising instructions for: generating a graphical user interface (GUI) for presenting to a user At least one metric. 42. The computer readable medium of claim 35, further comprising instructions for: splitting the child's transmit signal into a set of segments, each segment including at least a symbol; and performing phase correction for each segment. 43. The computer readable medium of claim 35, wherein the at least one metric comprises at least one of a modulation error rate (MER), a noise variation, a channel frequency response, and a group delay. 44. A processor for performing an evaluation of a number of instructions in a wireless communication system, the instructions comprising: "all symbols in a recovery of the device performance, an average frequency domain of the load wave of the frequency domain channel estimate" Means for generating each subcarrier of a plurality of subcarriers for a data sheet of a transmitter signal; means for determining each subchannel estimate of the plurality of subcarriers; and; based at least in part on the plurality of subcarriers The sub-carriers of each of the subcarriers of the 丄孰/皮 are estimated to generate at least one of the metrics of the i 珩 114 114 114 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 499 The instructions further include: means for determining a modulation symbol for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers, the modulation being generated in the frequency domain channel estimate and the at least one metric Use it when you use it. 46. The processor of claim 45, wherein the instructions further comprise: determining, by the majority decision, one of the plurality of subcarriers! Means for adapting a modulation sub-group of subcarriers; A - for if the modulation symbol of each subcarrier in the subcarrier subgroup of the plurality of subcarriers If the variants are inconsistent, the device of the modulation symbol of the subcarrier is re-evaluated. 47. The processor of claim 45, wherein the instructions further comprise: determining a point-to-subsequence of the subcarriers in the plurality of subcarriers corresponding to the transmitter signal in the complex plane Means in the complex plane corresponding to a distance between one of the at least one possible modulation symbols; and for selecting the modulation symbol corresponding to the signal point closest to the signal point The means for arranging the possible modulating symbols, the modulating symbol for the subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers is the selected modulating symbol. 48. The processor of claim 45, the instructions further comprising: means for dividing a complex plane into a plurality of regions, each region corresponding to a possible modulation symbol; and for selecting in-complex An area of the plane corresponding to one of the plurality of subcarriers of the transmitter signal is located in a region of 114499-9906l7.doc • 11 - 49. The subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers is disposed The modifier element corresponds to the possible modulation symbol of the selected region. The processor of claim 44, the instructions further comprising: means for generating a coarse frequency domain channel estimate for each of the plurality of subcarriers; for interpolating between the preamble subcarriers Means for estimating a coarse frequency domain channel for each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers; and 50. 51. 52. for extrapolating each of the plurality of subcarriers not located between the preamble subcarriers A device for coarse frequency domain channel estimation of subcarriers. The processor of claim 44, the instructions further comprising: means for generating a graphical user interface (Gm) for presenting the at least one metric to a user. The processor of claim 44, the instructions further comprising: means for dividing the transmitter signal into a set of segments, each segment comprising at least one symbol; and means for performing phase correction for each segment. The processor ' @ @ at least one metric of claim 44 includes one of a modulation error rate (MER), a noise variation, a channel frequency response, and a group delay. 114499_990617.doc -12-