1321681 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域3 技術領域 本發明係有關一種點矩陣式液晶顯示元件，特別是可 5 撓性優異之液晶顯示元件。 I：先前技術3 背景技術 今後，不須電源也可持續顯示並可透過電來改寫顯示 内容之電子紙的迅速普及化係可預見的。電子紙係以實現 10 即使切斷電源也可記憶顯示的超低消耗電力、不刺激眼睛 也不會疲勞的反射型顯示及具有如紙一般可撓性的柔軟薄 型顯示體為目標而進行研究，且可考慮將電子紙的應用於 電子書、電子新聞、電子廣告等方面。 電子紙依顯示方式的不同而可分類成電泳式、扭轉球 15 (twistball)式、液晶顯示器、有機EL顯示器等。 電泳式係一種使帶電粒子在空氣中或液體中移動的方 式，而扭轉球式係一種使分成二色的帶電粒子旋轉的方 式。有機EL顯示器（有機電激發光顯示器）係具有以陰極與 陽極包夾由有機材料構成之多數薄膜之結構的自發光型顯 20 不益。又，液晶顯不裔係具有以像素電極和對向電極分別 包夾液晶層之結構的非自發光型顯示器。 使用液晶顯示器的電子紙係使用利用液晶層的干涉反 射而具有雙安定性的選擇反射型膽固醇液晶來進行研究開 發。在此，所謂的雙安定性就是液晶在兩個不同配向狀態 5 下所顯示的安定性性質。膽固醇液晶具有當從電場除去平 行螺旋(planer)及垂直螺旋(focal — conic)兩種安定狀離時也 可長時間維持的性質。當膽固醇液晶在平行螺旋排列狀態 時會反射入射光，而在垂直螺旋狀態時則入射光可透過。 因此’在液晶層中使用膽固醇液晶的液晶面板時，可藉選 擇反射液晶層的入射光來顯示光的明暗，因此不需要偏光 板。又，膽固醇液晶也稱為負向列液晶。 在顯示液晶顯示器的色彩時，具有壓倒性有利地位的 是膽固醇液晶方式。膽固醇液晶方式係藉液晶的干涉而可 反射顏色，故僅利用積層便可顯示色彩。因此，使用膽固 醇液晶的液晶顯示方式（為了方便在此稱為膽固醇液晶方 式）在顯示色彩上會比上述電泳式等其他的方式具有壓倒 性的優勢。在使用其他方式時，因為必須在每個像素上配 置分別塗成三色的彩色濾光片’所以亮度係使用膽固醇液 晶方式時的三分之一。因此’在使用其他方式時，亮度的 提升係在實現電子紙方面遭遇的大障礙。 如上所述，膽固醇液晶方式係彩色顯示之電子紙的有 力方式，但在賦與電子紙特徵之可撓性上卻有很大的問題。 液晶顯示元件必須具有數μηι均等間隔的晶胞，一般而 言，晶胞係由在上下玻璃基板間包夾住液晶層（數μιη)之結 構形成。一般&ΤΝ(扭轉向列）型或STN(超扭轉向列）型的 液晶面板之/部份也可藉使用由透明特殊樹脂製成的薄膜 基板之液晶顯不兀件（塑膠液晶）來實現。與玻璃基板液晶 相比，塑膠液晶較可薄型化或輕量化，另外也具有較高的 7久性，對彎曲的強度也較大。因此’可如紙一般的自由 彎折而適用於電子紙。 以往曾有在像素的四隅配設有如第丨圖所示的圓柱狀 支柱分隔件5之結構的提案，以在TN型或STN型的液晶面板 上產生均等的晶胞間隔。 同一圖所示的TN型或STN型的液晶面板係成為在上面 基板1上黑矩陣層6的格子點所對應的位置上配設有支柱分 隔件5之結構，且成為在藉該支柱分隔件5而保持同等間隔 的上面基板2及下面基板1間配設有液晶層之結構。 支柱分隔件5形成在下面基板丨上，但下面基板丨上除了 有支柱分隔件5外，在其外緣部形成有用以黏著上面基板2 和下面基板1的密封材料3。密封材料3係藉印刷等方法所形 成的黏著材料，且在其中一邊33之中央設有開口部，而該 開口部的兩端延伸形成注入口4。即，密封材料3的一部份 成為液晶的注入口4，且構成為可藉由該注入口4將液晶注 入至由密封材料3所圍起來的領域内之結構。 在下面基板1的表面和上面基板2的背面各自形成有多 數透明的縱向電極（圖未示），及多數與該直列電極垂直交叉 之透明的橫向電極（圖未示）。又，在上面基板2的背面形成 有黑矩陣層6。在使用選擇反射型膽固醇液晶作為液晶層的 前述液晶顯示元件時，在上方或下方的相對位置上沒有設 置電極之像素的部分經常會發亮。因此會在該部分設置黑 矩陣層6以防止經常發亮並提升像素的對比度。在實開昭 58-13515號公報及特開平8_76131號公報中曾提出使用微影 法作為形成如支柱分隔件5的圓柱或是角柱的方法。又，針 對分隔件形狀呈十字型的液晶顯示元件，特開麗_3624〇 號公報及特許第3456896號亦曾揭露。 然而，若是選擇反射型膽固醇液晶方式的顯示面板， 便只能貫現均荨的晶胞間隔而不能賦與可挽性。其原因是 因為液晶係液體，當曲折液晶面板或按壓該顯示面時，該 等動作所產生的壓力會使液晶流動而改變顯示狀態。又， 因為TN型或STN型的液晶面板經常處於電氣的驅動狀態， 所以即使顯示狀態改變也可以馬上回覆到原來的狀態。但 是在具有顯示記憶性的膽固醇液晶中，在重新驅動之前均 無法回到原來的顯示狀態。 在膽固醇液晶方式的元件面板中形成如第1圖所示支 柱分隔件之方法也揭示在例如特開2000-146527號公報 上。該公報所揭示的液晶光變調顯示元件係以確保晶胞間 隔的均等性為主要的目的，當進行彎曲液晶面板或按壓該 顯示面等操作時，並無法保持膽固醇液晶方式的顯示元件 面板之記憶性。 又’在習知的液晶微膠囊構造中雖具有防止顯示狀態 變化的效果，卻有因微膠囊壁散出的光散射雜訊而降低對 比度和因微膠囊壁而使驅動電壓上升等問題，因此在達成 製品化方面的可能性低。特別是由RGB各色液晶層所積層 組成之彩色顯示液晶顯示面板’光散射雜訊是個大問題。 在如此的背景下，為了將選擇反射型膽固醇液晶應用 於電子紙，如何實現即使因按壓或彎曲電子紙亦不會改變 顯示的液晶顯示元件便成為最大的課題。 於是’本申請人曾以特願平2005-999776號提出第2圖 乃至第4圖所示的液晶顯示元件作為可應用於電子紙的膽 固醇液晶液晶顯示元件。第2圖係顯示該液晶顯示元件之全 體結構立體透視圖，第3圖係顯示該液晶顯示元件之支柱15 與矩陣電極的位置關係之平面圖。又，第4(a)圖係形成於下 面基板1上支柱15的全體配置圖案，且第4(b)圖係支柱15水 平方向之截面圖。 如第2圖所示，將具有黏著性的支柱分隔件15作成大略 十字狀的壁面結構體，且構成在相鄰的支柱分隔件（支柱）15 間設有用以將液晶注入像素之間隙的結構。又，在下面基 板1的表面外周上設有包圍住顯示領域的壁面結構體17(之 後為了方便皆稱為壁面密封結構體）。因為支柱15與壁面密 封結構體17可為同一構件，所以該等元件可藉同一微影法 製程而形成。 在液晶層中，縱向電極(信號電極)與橫向電極(掃描電 極）交叉之部分成為像素25，該像素25之四面設有支柱15。 在密封結構體17的外側上隔著預定的距離配設有密封材料 13 ’但亦可沒有該密封材料丨3。又，在上面基板2的背面配 設有黑矩陣層6，且多數支柱15係構成與黑矩陣層6大略類 似的圖案。又，由於該圖案（垂直方向的）的配置位置大致與 黑矩陣層6重疊，因此黑矩陣層6也可省略。又，如第3圖所 示’為了使像素25的開口率達到最尚’而將支检15配置在 信號電極21與掃描電極23間的空隙部分。 又，本申請人也曾以特願平2005-999776號提出在如第 5(a)圖所示的圖案上，由兩種支柱15a、15b配置在液晶顯示 疋件之下面基板1上像素25之四面所構成的液晶顯示元 件。该液晶顯示元件係由第5(b)圖所示支柱15a與第5(c)圖 5所不支柱15b互相配置而成，且在各掃描電極23之間相鄰的 支柱並不相同。 又’第6圖係表示前述特願平2005-999776號中所提出 的形成在液晶顯示元件之下面基板1之外周（密封材料13)的 2面岔封結構體17之平面圖。由於該壁面密封結構體17係 與支枝15為同一構件，因此可在形成支柱15的製程中同時 形成。 但，當試作第2圖乃至第4圖所示之膽固醇液晶顯示元 件時’會清楚知道該液晶顯示元件具有下述的問題。 為了使顯示元件有明亮且高精密的顯示，電極結構與 15 壁面結構體（支柱15)必須細微化。由於不使用背面光等光源 的電子紙係反射型的顯示元件，因此必須改善開口率以提 向顯示的明亮度（亮度）。 在前述液晶顯示元件中，電極間的空隙為ΙΟμιη〜 3(Vm ’為了配合其空隙的寬度而將支柱15的寬度縮小且高 °精费化，因此在進行微影製程之顯像步驟時會產生支柱15 剝離的問題。 —般的電子紙液晶顯示元件係使用塑膠薄膜作為基 板，且基板的樹脂面從基板電極間的空隙部分露出。又， 電極係使用氧化銦錫等透明電極材料，且配置於電極間空 10 1321681 隙部分的壁面結構體與該樹脂面的黏附強度低，而與下面 基板1黏著面積變小的壁面結構體之精密圖案係容易從前 述樹脂面上剝離的結構。因此，前述支柱15應該會發生剝 離。另外，觀察該剝離現象時發現係從十字狀支柱的分支 5 前端部開始剝離。 又’如第6圖所示之習知壁面密封結構體17係因考慮到 耐久性而形成數mm寬度的粗圖案。但為了要實施液晶顯示 素子的高精密化則必須將圖案細微化。然而，圖案的細微 化會在形成支柱15的微影製程之顯像步驟時，更顯著地產 10 生剝離。此係因線狀密封結構體Π的細長化而減低黏附性 所造成。 又，壁面密封結構體17的材料係藉加壓加熱的處理而 可發揮黏著上下基板的機能。又，在黏著硬化該材料的製 程中會產生反應氣體。於是，在下面基板1與壁面密封纟士$ 15 體17的黏附面上殘留有因前述氣體而產生的氣泡， 黏著不良或是成為剝離的主因。又，殘留的氣體流入顯示 部液晶層後所殘存下來的氣泡即是產生顯示不良的原。 【特許文獻1】實開昭58-13515號公報 【特許文獻2】特開平8-76131號公報 20 【特許文獻3】特開2001-35420號公報 【特許文獻4】特許第34566896號 【特許文獻5】特開2000-147527號公報 【特許文獻6】特願平2005-999776號 【發明内容3 11 1321681 發明揭示 本發明之目的係在提升液晶顯示元件與支柱和密封結 構體間的黏附力，以實現壁面結構精密化。又’該液晶顯 示元件係在基板上設有具壁面結構的支枉及/或密封結構 5 體者。 本發明之液晶顯示元件係以具有配設有第一電極之第 一基板、配設有第二電極之第二基板、及由設於第一基板 與第二基板之間的液晶層所構成之液晶面板的點矩陣式結 構為前提。 10 本發明實施形態1之液晶顯示元件之特徵在於前述液 晶層設有具黏著性壁面結構之支柱，且該支枉係具有部分 的寬幅處。 根據本發明實施形態1之液晶顯示元件，由於壁面結構 的支柱設有部分的寬幅處，即使該支柱再細也可防止該支 15 柱在進行微影製程之顯像步驟時剝離。 因此’壁面結構的支柱可以細微化。故，藉由該支柱 配置於像素的外周而可緩和施加於液晶層像素的按壓力， 並可實現即使進行按壓或彎折等操作也不會改變顯示狀態 的超薄形液晶顯示元件。 20 本發明實施形態2之液晶顯示元件之特徵在於前述液 晶層設有具有部分寬幅處且具有黏著性之壁面結構的支 柱，及與前述支柱為同一構件，且形成可包圍住形成有前 述支柱的顯示領域’並具有液晶注入口之壁面結構的密封 結構體。 12 1321681 根據本發明實施形態2之液晶顯示元件，可以防止該支 柱在進行微影製程之顯像步驟時剝離，同時，具有作為密 封材料功能的密封結構體與支柱亦可在同一微影製程中形 成。 5 因此，支柱與密封材料（前述密封結構體）可以在一個製 程中同時形成。故不會導致生產成本的增加，且可實現具 優異耐壓及耐彎性，並富有可撓性的高精密超薄型液晶顯 示元件。 本發明之電子機器之特徵在於裝載有如申請專利範圍 ίο 第1項之液晶顯不元件。 根據本發明之電子機器，可實現採用具優異耐壓及耐 彎性的顯示部，且富有可撓性的高精密超薄型液晶顯示元 件的電子機器。因此，可應用於電子紙、電子書、電子新 聞、電子廣告等方面。 15 圖式簡單說明 第1圖係顯示使用支柱分隔件且實行均等晶胞間隔的 點矩陣式結構液晶顯示元件中晶胞結構之分解圖。 第2圖係顯示可應用於電子紙的選擇反射型膽固醇液 晶液晶顯示元件之全體結構分解圖。 20 第3圖係顯示設於第2圖中液晶顯示元件之下面基板上 的支柱配置圖案之平面圖。 第4(a)圖係第3圖中支柱配置圖案之部分放大圖，第4(b) 圖係顯示該支柱形狀之圖。 第5(a)圖係顯示可應用於電子紙的液晶顯示元件的支 13 1321681 柱配置圖案之結構例的圖，第5(b)圖係顯示形成於上述液晶 顯示元件基板上的第1支柱之圖，第5(c)圖係顯示形成於上 述液晶顯不元件基板上的第2支柱之圖。 第6圖係顯示形成於第2圖中液晶顯示元件基板上的密 5 封結構體形狀之圖。 第7(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例1中液晶顯示元件 之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第7(b)圖係顯示實施形 態1中液晶顯示元件的支柱形狀之圖。 第8圖係顯示實施例1中液晶顯示元件的支柱之立體結 10 構圖。 第9圖係第7(a)圖所示之實施例1之液晶顯示元件中直 線A-A之截面圖。 第10 (a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例2中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第10(b)圖係顯示實 15 施例2中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第10(c)圖係顯 示實施例2中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 第11(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例3中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第11(b)圖係顯示實 施例3中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第11(c)圖係顯 20 示實施例3中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 第12 (a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例4中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第12(b)圖係顯示實 施例4中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第12(c)圖係顯 示實施例4中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 14 1321681 第13(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例5中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第13(b)圖係顯示實 施例5中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第13(c)圖係顯 示實施例5中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 5 第14(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例6中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第14(b)圖係顯示實 施例6中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第14(c)圖係顯 示實施例6中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 第15圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例7中液晶顯示元件 10 之下面基板上的密封結構體之圖。 第16圖係顯示本發明實施例8中液晶顯示元件的密封 結構體之部分放大圖。 第17圖係顯示本發明實施例9中液晶顯示元件的密封 結構體之部分放大圖。 15 第18圖係顯示本發明實施例10中液晶顯示元件的密封 結構體之部分放大圖。 C實施方式3 實施發明之最佳形態 以下，一面參照圖面一面針對本發明之實施形態加以 20 說明。 本實施形態之液晶顯示元件係點矩陣型（點矩陣結 構），且其全體結構係與第1圖之液晶顯示元件大致相同。 本實施形態之液晶顯示元件與第1圖之習知液晶顯示元件 的結構上之差別在於形成於下面基板上的支柱之形狀。 15 又，在後述幾個實施形態中，除了支杈的形狀外，辟 構的密封結構體之結構也不同。 土面結 在點矩陣型液晶顯示元件中，由於掃描電極以相BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dot matrix liquid crystal display device, and particularly to a liquid crystal display device which is excellent in flexibility. I. Prior Art 3 Background Art In the future, the rapid spread of electronic paper that can be continuously displayed without power supply and can rewrite the display contents by electricity is foreseeable. The electronic paper system is designed to realize the ultra-low power consumption that can be memorized and displayed, the reflective display that does not irritate the eyes, and the soft and thin display body that has the flexibility of paper, even when the power is turned off. And it can be considered to apply electronic paper to e-books, electronic news, electronic advertisements, and the like. The electronic paper can be classified into an electrophoretic type, a twist ball type, a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, or the like depending on the display mode. Electrophoresis is a method of moving charged particles in air or in a liquid, and a torsion sphere is a method of rotating charged particles divided into two colors. An organic EL display (organic electroluminescence display) is advantageous in that it has a structure in which a cathode and an anode sandwich a structure of a plurality of films made of an organic material. Further, the liquid crystal display has a non-self-luminous display having a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pixel electrode and a counter electrode. The electronic paper using a liquid crystal display is researched and developed using a selective reflection type cholesteric liquid crystal having double stability by interference reflection of a liquid crystal layer. Here, the so-called double stability is the stability property exhibited by the liquid crystal in two different alignment states. The cholesteric liquid crystal has a property that it can be maintained for a long period of time when the planarization of the parallel and the spiral (conic-conic) is removed from the electric field. When the cholesteric liquid crystal is in a parallel spiral state, the incident light is reflected, and in the vertical spiral state, the incident light is permeable. Therefore, when a liquid crystal panel using cholesteric liquid crystal is used in the liquid crystal layer, the incident light of the liquid crystal layer can be selectively selected to display the light and darkness of the light, so that a polarizing plate is not required. Further, the cholesteric liquid crystal is also referred to as a negative nematic liquid crystal. When displaying the color of a liquid crystal display, it is an overwhelmingly advantageous cholesteric liquid crystal method. The cholesteric liquid crystal method reflects color by interference of liquid crystals, so that color can be displayed only by using a laminate. Therefore, the liquid crystal display mode using a cholesteric liquid crystal (referred to herein as a cholesteric liquid crystal mode for convenience) has an overwhelming advantage in display color over other modes such as the above electrophoresis type. When other methods are used, since it is necessary to configure a color filter respectively coated with three colors on each pixel, the brightness is one third of that in the case of the cholesterol liquid crystal method. Therefore, when other methods are used, the improvement in brightness is a major obstacle to the realization of electronic paper. As described above, the cholesteric liquid crystal system is a powerful method for color-displaying electronic paper, but it has a great problem in imparting flexibility to the characteristics of electronic paper. The liquid crystal display element must have a unit cell which is equally spaced by a few μm, and in general, the cell type is formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer (sounds) between the upper and lower glass substrates. The general & (twisted nematic) type or STN (super twisted nematic) type of liquid crystal panel can also be used by using a liquid crystal display (plastic liquid crystal) of a film substrate made of a transparent special resin. achieve. Compared with the glass substrate liquid crystal, the plastic liquid crystal is thinner or lighter, and has a higher durability and a greater bending strength. Therefore, it can be applied to electronic paper as a paper free bend. Conventionally, there has been proposed a structure in which a columnar spacer 5 as shown in the second figure is arranged in a four-pixel array to produce uniform cell spacing on a TN-type or STN-type liquid crystal panel. The TN type or STN type liquid crystal panel shown in the same figure has a structure in which a pillar spacer 5 is disposed at a position corresponding to a lattice point of the black matrix layer 6 on the upper substrate 1, and the pillar spacer is used. 5, a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is disposed between the upper substrate 2 and the lower substrate 1 at the same interval. The pillar spacer 5 is formed on the lower substrate stack, but the lower substrate has a sealing material 3 for adhering the upper substrate 2 and the lower substrate 1 to the outer edge portion except for the pillar spacer 5. The sealing material 3 is an adhesive material formed by a method such as printing, and an opening is provided in the center of one of the sides 33, and both ends of the opening extend to form the injection port 4. That is, a part of the sealing material 3 serves as the liquid crystal injection port 4, and is configured such that the liquid crystal can be injected into the field surrounded by the sealing material 3 by the injection port 4. On the surface of the lower substrate 1 and the back surface of the upper substrate 2, a plurality of transparent vertical electrodes (not shown) are formed, and a plurality of transparent lateral electrodes (not shown) perpendicularly intersecting the in-line electrodes are formed. Further, a black matrix layer 6 is formed on the back surface of the upper substrate 2. When the liquid crystal display element of the liquid crystal layer is selected as the reflection type cholesteric liquid crystal, the portion where the pixel of the electrode is not provided at the relative position above or below is often bright. Therefore, the black matrix layer 6 is placed in this portion to prevent frequent brightening and enhance the contrast of the pixels. A method of forming a cylinder or a corner post such as a pillar spacer 5 using a lithography method has been proposed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. Further, a liquid crystal display element having a cross-shaped shape in the form of a separator has been disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei. However, if a reflective CMOS liquid crystal display panel is selected, only uniform cell spacing can be achieved and no liftability can be achieved. The reason for this is that the liquid crystal liquid, when the zigzag liquid crystal panel or the display surface is pressed, the pressure generated by the operations causes the liquid crystal to flow and change the display state. Further, since the TN type or STN type liquid crystal panel is often electrically driven, the display state can be immediately returned to the original state even if the display state is changed. However, in a cholesteric liquid crystal having display memory, it is impossible to return to the original display state until it is re-driven. A method of forming a column spacer as shown in Fig. 1 in a CMOS liquid crystal device panel is also disclosed, for example, in JP-A-2000-146527. The liquid crystal light modulation display element disclosed in this publication mainly aims to ensure the uniformity of the cell spacing. When the liquid crystal panel is bent or the display surface is pressed, the memory of the display element panel of the cholesteric liquid crystal system cannot be maintained. Sex. Further, in the conventional liquid crystal microcapsule structure, although the effect of preventing the change of the display state is obtained, there is a problem that the light scattering noise emitted from the microcapsule wall reduces the contrast and the drive voltage rises due to the microcapsule wall. The possibility of achieving productization is low. In particular, a color display liquid crystal display panel composed of layers of RGB liquid crystal layers 'light scattering noise is a big problem. Under such circumstances, in order to apply selective reflection type cholesteric liquid crystal to electronic paper, how to realize a liquid crystal display element which does not change display by pressing or bending electronic paper has become the biggest problem. Then, the present applicant has proposed the liquid crystal display element shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 as a cholester liquid crystal liquid crystal display element which can be applied to electronic paper, in Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-999776. Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the overall structure of the liquid crystal display element, and Fig. 3 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the pillars 15 of the liquid crystal display element and the matrix electrodes. Further, Fig. 4(a) is a general arrangement pattern of the pillars 15 formed on the lower substrate 1, and Fig. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view of the pillars 15 in the horizontal direction. As shown in Fig. 2, the adhesive pillar spacer 15 is formed into a substantially cross-shaped wall structure, and a structure for injecting liquid crystal into the gap between the pixels is provided between adjacent pillar spacers (pillars) 15. . Further, on the outer periphery of the surface of the lower substrate 1, a wall structure 17 surrounding the display region is provided (hereinafter referred to as a wall sealing structure for convenience). Since the pillar 15 and the wall sealing structure 17 can be the same member, the components can be formed by the same lithography process. In the liquid crystal layer, a portion where the vertical electrode (signal electrode) and the lateral electrode (scanning electrode) intersect each other becomes a pixel 25, and the pillars 15 are provided on the four faces of the pixel 25. The sealing material 13' is disposed on the outer side of the sealing structure 17 with a predetermined distance therebetween, but the sealing material 丨3 may not be provided. Further, a black matrix layer 6 is disposed on the back surface of the upper substrate 2, and a plurality of pillars 15 constitute a pattern substantially similar to that of the black matrix layer 6. Further, since the arrangement position of the pattern (in the vertical direction) substantially overlaps with the black matrix layer 6, the black matrix layer 6 can be omitted. Further, as shown in Fig. 3, the inspection 15 is disposed in the gap portion between the signal electrode 21 and the scanning electrode 23 in order to maximize the aperture ratio of the pixel 25. Moreover, the applicant has also proposed, in the pattern shown in Fig. 5(a), that the two pillars 15a, 15b are disposed on the lower substrate 1 of the liquid crystal display element. A liquid crystal display element composed of four sides. The liquid crystal display element is formed by arranging the pillars 15a shown in Fig. 5(b) and the pillars 15b as shown in Fig. 5(c), and the pillars adjacent to each of the scanning electrodes 23 are not the same. Further, Fig. 6 is a plan view showing the two-faced sealing structure 17 formed on the outer periphery (sealing material 13) of the substrate 1 below the liquid crystal display element proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei No. 2005-999776. Since the wall sealing structure 17 is the same member as the branch 15, it can be simultaneously formed in the process of forming the pillars 15. However, when the cholesteric liquid crystal display element shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 is tried, it is clear that the liquid crystal display element has the following problems. In order to make the display element bright and highly precise, the electrode structure and the 15 wall structure (pillar 15) must be fine. Since an electronic paper-based reflective display element of a light source such as a back light is not used, it is necessary to improve the aperture ratio to improve the brightness (brightness) of the display. In the liquid crystal display device described above, the gap between the electrodes is ΙΟμηη to 3 (Vm ' reduces the width of the pillars 15 in order to match the width of the gaps, and is expensive. Therefore, when the lithography process is performed, the development step is performed. A problem arises in that the pillars 15 are peeled off. The general electronic paper liquid crystal display device uses a plastic film as a substrate, and the resin surface of the substrate is exposed from a gap portion between the substrate electrodes. Further, the electrode is made of a transparent electrode material such as indium tin oxide. The wall surface structure disposed between the gaps of the electrodes 101321681 has a low adhesion strength to the resin surface, and the precise pattern of the wall structure having a small adhesion area to the lower substrate 1 is easily peeled off from the resin surface. The above-mentioned pillars 15 should be peeled off. When the peeling phenomenon is observed, it is found that the peeling starts from the front end portion of the branch 5 of the cross-shaped pillar. Further, the conventional wall sealing structure 17 shown in Fig. 6 is considered A thick pattern having a width of several mm is formed by durability. However, in order to achieve high precision of liquid crystal display elements, it is necessary to refine the pattern. The miniaturization of the pattern is more significant in the development of the lithography process of the struts 15. This is caused by the slimming of the linear sealing structure and the decrease of the adhesion. The material of the body 17 is capable of exerting adhesion to the upper and lower substrates by the treatment of pressure heating. Further, a reaction gas is generated in the process of adhering and hardening the material. Thus, the substrate 1 and the wall surface are sealed with a gentleman $15 body 17 The air bubbles generated by the gas remain on the adhesion surface, and the adhesion is poor or the main cause of the peeling. Further, the residual gas flows into the liquid crystal layer of the display portion, which is the original cause of display failure. [Patent Document 3] JP-A-2001-35420 (Private Document 4) License No. 34566896 [Private Document 5] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000-147527 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Application No. Hei No. 2005-999776 [Draft No. 2005-999776] The disclosure of the present invention is directed to the improvement of liquid crystal display elements and pillars and seals. The adhesion between the structures is used to achieve the wall structure refinement. The liquid crystal display element is provided with a support structure and/or a sealing structure 5 having a wall structure on the substrate. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention has Prerequisites for the dot matrix structure of the first substrate on which the first electrode is disposed, the second substrate on which the second electrode is disposed, and the liquid crystal panel formed by the liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate The liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the liquid crystal layer is provided with a pillar having an adhesive wall structure, and the support has a partial width. According to the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention, Since the pillar of the wall structure is provided with a part of the wide width, even if the pillar is fine, the pillar 15 can be prevented from peeling off during the developing step of the lithography process. Therefore, the pillars of the 'wall structure can be subtle. Therefore, by arranging the pillars on the outer periphery of the pixel, the pressing force applied to the pixels of the liquid crystal layer can be alleviated, and the ultra-thin liquid crystal display element can be realized without changing the display state even if the pressing or bending operation is performed. The liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the liquid crystal layer is provided with a pillar having a partially wide and adhesive wall structure, and the same member as the pillar, and formed to surround the pillar The display structure 'has a sealing structure having a wall structure of a liquid crystal injection port. 12 1321681 According to the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment of the present invention, the pillar can be prevented from being peeled off during the developing step of the lithography process, and the sealing structure and the pillar having the function as a sealing material can also be in the same lithography process. form. 5 Therefore, the pillar and the sealing material (the aforementioned sealing structure) can be simultaneously formed in one process. Therefore, the production cost is not increased, and a high-precision ultra-thin liquid crystal display element having excellent withstand voltage and bending resistance and having flexibility can be realized. The electronic apparatus of the present invention is characterized by being loaded with a liquid crystal display element as claimed in the patent application. According to the electronic device of the present invention, an electronic device having a display portion having excellent withstand voltage and bending resistance and having high flexibility and ultra-thin liquid crystal display elements can be realized. Therefore, it can be applied to electronic paper, e-books, electronic news, electronic advertising, and the like. 15 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is an exploded view showing the structure of a unit cell in a dot matrix type liquid crystal display device using pillar spacers and performing uniform cell spacing. Fig. 2 is a view showing the entire structure of a selective reflection type liquid crystal liquid crystal display element which can be applied to electronic paper. Fig. 3 is a plan view showing a pillar arrangement pattern provided on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4(a) is a partially enlarged view of the pillar arrangement pattern in Fig. 3, and Fig. 4(b) is a diagram showing the shape of the pillar. Fig. 5(a) is a view showing a configuration example of a column arrangement pattern of a 131321681 liquid crystal display element applicable to electronic paper, and Fig. 5(b) is a view showing a first pillar formed on the liquid crystal display element substrate. FIG. 5(c) is a view showing a second pillar formed on the liquid crystal display element substrate. Fig. 6 is a view showing the shape of a sealed structure formed on a liquid crystal display element substrate in Fig. 2; Fig. 7(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in the first embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 7(b) is a view showing a pillar shape of the liquid crystal display element in the first embodiment. . Fig. 8 is a view showing a three-dimensional junction 10 of the pillars of the liquid crystal display element of Example 1. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a straight line A-A of the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 7(a). Fig. 10(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element in the second embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 10(b) shows the first of the liquid crystal display elements in the second embodiment. Fig. 10(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment. 11(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 11(b) is a view showing a first pillar shape of the liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 3. Fig. 11(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the third embodiment. Fig. 12(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and Fig. 12(b) is a view showing a first pillar shape of the liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 4. Fig. 12(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the fourth embodiment. 14 1321681 13(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and FIG. 13(b) is a diagram showing a 1st liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 5. Fig. 13(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the fifth embodiment. 5(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 6 of the present invention, and FIG. 14(b) is a diagram showing a first pillar of the liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 6. Fig. 14(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the sixth embodiment. Fig. 15 is a view showing a sealing structure formed on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element 10 in the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 16 is a partially enlarged view showing the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 8 of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a partially enlarged view showing the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element in the ninth embodiment of the invention. Fig. 18 is a partially enlarged view showing the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element in the tenth embodiment of the invention. C. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is a dot matrix type (dot matrix structure), and the entire structure is substantially the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of Fig. 1. The difference between the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment and the conventional liquid crystal display element of Fig. 1 is the shape of the pillar formed on the lower substrate. Further, in the following embodiments, the structure of the sealed structure is different except for the shape of the support. Soil surface junction In a dot matrix type liquid crystal display element, since the scanning electrode is in phase
隔的條紋狀形成於下面基板上，因此下面基板的表面（樹月L 5面）在掃描電極的空間中露出。又，由於支柱形成於掃 極之間，因此可接觸樹脂面。樹脂面與支柱的黏附力=與 掃描電極43的表面（掃描電極面）的黏附力弱，因此支杈六易、 在形成支柱的微影製程之顯像步驟中剝離。於是，在以下 所述之實施例中，將十字狀分支的前端部或中心部加粗下 1〇且使該加粗的部分可與掃描電極面相接觸，則支桎便可與 掃摇電極面黏附在—起。因此可抑制前述顯像處理中“ 的剝離。 又狂 醇液晶顯示 以下，針對適用於本發明之點矩陣型膽固 元件的實施例加以說明。 15 (實施例1) 第7圖〜第9圖係顯示實施例1中液晶顯示元件之結構 圖0 第7圖係顯不形成於本實施例中液晶顯示元件之下面 基板上的支柱形狀及配置圖案之圖。 2〇 —如第7(b)圖所示’本實施例中壁面結構的支柱係呈大略 十字狀且在四條所有分支加粗其前端部位。又，支柱ι〇ι 係用具黏著性的材料作成者，因此具有作為分隔件的機能。 如第7 (b)圖所* + , M叮不，支柱101係設於配置在掃描電極43上 像素45的四邊外月。 又’支柱101的兩條分支係形成於相鄰 16 兩個掃描電極43之間。 第8圖係顯示本實施例中液晶顯示元件的支柱ι〇ι之立 =構圖’同圖中亦顯示配設於液晶顯示元件端部的支柱 5 >第8圖所示，支柱101係水平方向截面呈大略十字形 的壁面結構體。又，多數的掃描電極(第—電極)4 3係以同等 間隔形成在下面基板(第-基板)31的表面上，且支柱ι〇ι的 兩條分支係形成於相鄰兩個掃描電極43之間且連接下面基 板3卜而支柱101另兩條分支係形成於掃描電極处。由^ 10支柱101的前端變粗，使掃描電極43側的端面形成於掃描電 極43上。又，電極係使用氧化銦錫等透明電極材料。 第9圖係第7圖中直線Α-Α之截面圖。 在下面基板31上形成有多數等間隔的掃描電極43，且 在相鄰的掃描電極43之間形成有㈣著性的支柱l〇i，並且 15在與下面基板31相對的上面基板（第二基板)32上（下基板31 側)設有與掃描電極4 3垂直交又的信號電極（第二電極)4】。 下面基板31與上面基板32同時與具黏著性的支柱ι〇ι黏著 固定，且兩基板間藉作為分隔件的支柱1〇1而保持一定的距 離。又，液晶注入以信號電極41、掃描電極43及支柱1〇1所 2〇圍成的領域中，並成為像素45。 支柱ιοί係形成於露出下面基板31表面的掃描電極43The stripe shape is formed on the lower substrate, so that the surface of the lower substrate (the tree L5 surface) is exposed in the space of the scan electrode. Further, since the pillars are formed between the electrodes, the resin surface can be contacted. The adhesion between the resin surface and the pillar = the adhesion to the surface of the scanning electrode 43 (scanning electrode surface) is weak, so that it is peeled off during the development step of the lithography process for forming the pillar. Therefore, in the embodiment described below, the front end portion or the center portion of the cross-shaped branch is thickened by one turn and the thick portion can be brought into contact with the scanning electrode surface, and the support can be used with the sweeping electrode surface. Stick to it. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the "peeling" in the development process described above. Further, the embodiment of the dot matrix type gallbladder element to which the present invention is applied will be described below. 15 (Embodiment 1) Figs. 7 to 9 The structure of the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment is shown in Fig. 0. Fig. 7 is a view showing the shape of the pillars and the arrangement pattern which are not formed on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element in the present embodiment. 2〇—as in 7(b) As shown in the figure, the pillar of the wall structure in the present embodiment has a substantially cross shape and the front end portion is thickened in all four branches. Further, the pillar ι〇ι is an adhesive material material, and thus has a function as a separator. As shown in Fig. 7(b), the pillar 101 is disposed on the four sides of the pixel 45 disposed on the scan electrode 43. The two branches of the pillar 101 are formed adjacent to each other. Between the scanning electrodes 43. Fig. 8 is a view showing the pillars of the liquid crystal display element in the present embodiment: the same as the pillars of the liquid crystal display element shown in Fig. 8; Show that the pillar 101 is horizontally sectioned roughly ten Further, a plurality of scanning electrodes (first electrodes) are formed on the surface of the lower substrate (first substrate) 31 at equal intervals, and two branches of the pillars ι are formed in the phase. Between the two scanning electrodes 43 and between the lower substrate 3 and the other two branches of the pillar 101 are formed at the scanning electrode. The front end of the pillar 101 is thickened, and the end surface on the scanning electrode 43 side is formed on the scanning electrode 43. Further, the electrode is made of a transparent electrode material such as indium tin oxide. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the line Α-Α in Fig. 7. On the lower substrate 31, a plurality of equally spaced scanning electrodes 43 are formed and adjacent A (four) active pillar 10i is formed between the scan electrodes 43, and 15 is disposed perpendicularly to the scan electrode 43 on the upper substrate (second substrate) 32 (the lower substrate 31 side) opposite to the lower substrate 31. Further signal electrode (second electrode) 4] The lower substrate 31 and the upper substrate 32 are simultaneously adhered and fixed to the adhesive pillar ι〇ι, and the substrate is held at a certain distance by the pillar 1〇1 as a spacer. In addition, the liquid crystal is injected with the signal electrode 41, scanning In the field surrounded by the electrode 43 and the pillar 1〇1, the pixel 45 is formed. The pillar ιοί is formed on the scanning electrode 43 exposing the surface of the lower substrate 31.
之間。如上所述，麟性材料製成之支柱1〇1與掃描電極U 表面（以下記載為掃描電極面）的黏附力高於與下面基板3^ 表面（樹脂）的黏附力。 17 5 二個分支’由於該分支的-部分 積lit電極面相黏著，因此與掃描電極面的黏著面 ，大於第3圖中有兩個分支未與择描 15。因此，支柱1G1與掃描電極的_力會強於核15又 1極材料(氧化銦錫等）與支柱的黏㈣會高 料的塑膠薄膜’因此在這點上更可提升=材 於是，可以抑制支柱ΗΠ在微影製程之麟_ = 板31剝離。 哪？從下面基 10 又，由於支柱101只在分支前端部的兩侧與電極面（作 及掃描電極43)重疊，因此本實施例中液晶顯示元 牛的像素45之開口率僅稱低於第3圖令液晶顯示元件的像 素0 再者本實細•例的支柱101係將分支前端部的結構變 粗’但分支的加大面積處並不限於前端部，只要設在支柱 中心到前端之間即可。但，在前端部上加粗係最具有防止 制離的效果。圖中分支的加粗結構部分係以矩狀表示，但 並未特別限定於矩狀，亦可係圓狀。 又，液晶層的分隔件係可併用支桎101及習知的球狀分 隔件或柱狀分隔件。併用該等分隔件可共通地適用於以下 20所述所有的實施例。 (實施例2) 第10圖係顯示實施例2中液晶顯示元件的支柱之結構 圖。 Ό 本實施例係具有可提升前述實施例1中液晶顯示元件 18 的支柱101之像素開口率的結構。 在本實施例中，係將如第10(b)、（c)圖所示之壁面結構 的兩個支柱购、廳作為支柱，且配置在如第10⑷圖所 示的位置上。支柱102a係在與掃描電極43縱向平行的分支 5前端部上具有加粗的結構者。而，支柱l〇2b係在與掃描電 極43縱向垂直的分支前端部上具有加粗的結構者。 在本實施例中，如第10圖所示，該等兩個支柱1〇23、 102b係交替配設。此時，支柱1〇2a、1〇2b交替地配置在上 下方向（信號電極的縱向）和左右方向（掃描電極43的縱 10 向）的兩方向上。 藉由形成此配置結構，當支柱l〇2a、i〇2b呈旋轉90度 後的形狀時，像素45的形狀可保持成大略正方形。 當像素形狀呈長方形時，在顯示直線時，該直線的線 寬在縱向及橫向上會有不同。因此，會希望像素的形狀能 15接近正方形。於疋，本實施例有利於直線顯示。 在本實施例的情況下，由於支柱1〇2a、1〇2b與掃描電 極面的接觸面積小於實施例丨的支柱1〇1，因此與掃描電極 43的黏附力會比支杈1〇1小。但，在像素45的開口率方面， 本實施例的開口率會變大，且該開口率4 5僅稍微低於第3圖 20中像素25的開口率。 (實施例3) 第11圖係顯不實施例3中液晶顯示元件的支柱之結構 在本實施例中，係將如第11(b)、（c)圖所示之壁面結構 19 1321681 的兩個支柱l〇3a、l〇3b作為支柱，且形成於下面基板上， 因此’對支柱電極面（掃描電極面及信號電極面）的黏附力會 比實施例2更加提升。 支柱103a係在支柱i〇2a的中心部呈粗狀者，而支桎 5 1〇扑係在支柱103b的中心部呈粗狀者。又，如第11(a)圖所 示’由於支柱l〇3b係配置在信號電極41與掃描電極43兩電 極的空隙部分上’因此可對於上面基板與下面基板雙方， 與黏附力微弱之樹脂面相連接。 本實施例的支柱l〇3a、103b係使實施例2中支柱l〇2a、 10 1(>2b的中心部呈加粗狀者，藉此可比實施例2更能抑制微影 製程之顯像步驟中支柱的乖離。 又，藉由貼合製程的加壓、加熱處理，上面基板可與 支柱103a、l〇3b產生黏附力，但支柱i〇3a、i〇3b與樹脂面 的黏附力係微弱的。本實施例的支柱l〇3a、i〇3b係藉由與 15中心部形成於上面基板的信號電極41相黏著，提升對於上 面基板的整體黏附力。 (實施例4) 第12圖係顯示實施例4中液晶顯示元件之結構圖。 如第12(b)圖、（c)圖所示，本實施例中液晶顯示元件的 20兩個支柱10如、l〇4b係呈實施例1的支柱1〇1變形後的形 狀。支柱104a係呈支柱1〇1的縱向分支縮短後的形狀，而支 柱l〇4b係呈支柱1〇1的橫向分支縮短後的形狀。又，支柱 104a、1 〇4b的配線圖案與實施例1中支柱1 〇 1的配線圖案相 同（參照第7(a)圖）。 20 1321681 在本實施例中，藉使用與實施例2同樣的方法提升對於 支柱104a、104b的下面基板（的掃描電極面）之黏附力，以抑 制支柱104a、104b在前述微影製程之顯像處理中剝離。 又，在本實施例中，如第12(a)圖所示，像素45的開口 45a係構成為鑛齒型配置，因此可抑制液晶在推擠壓力施 加於像素45時從像素45内流出。 (實施例5) 第13圖顯示實施例5中液晶顯示元件之結構圖。 如第13(a)、（b)圖所示，本實施例中液晶顯示元件的兩 〇個支柱l〇5a、l〇5b係各自呈實施例2的支柱i〇2a、102b變形 後的形狀。支柱105a係呈支柱102&的縱向分支縮短後的形 狀，而支柱105b係呈支柱l〇2b的橫向分支縮短後的形狀。 又’支柱105a、105b的配線圖案與支柱1〇2a、1〇2b的配線 圖案相同。 15 實驗的結果發現，當十字狀的分支長短不同時，加寬 長分支的前端部最有效果。本實施例係適用於該實驗結果 者。 本實施例與實施例4相同，也是將像素45的開口部45a 配置呈鋸齒狀，因此可得到和前述實施例4一樣的效果。 (實施例6) 第14圖係實施例6中液晶顯示元件之結構圖。 如第14(b)、（c)圖所示，本實施例中液晶顯示元件的兩 個支柱106a、106b係各自呈實施例5的支柱l〇5a、105b於中 心部加寬後的形狀’因此，具有與實施例5的液晶顯示元件 21 1321681 才同之政果。支柱1G6a、1Q6b的配線随係與實施例5的液 晶顯示元件相同地形成如第^⑷圖所示者。 如第14(a)圖所示，在支柱i〇6a的中心部黏著有形 成於下面基板上的掃描電極43及形成於上面基板上的信號 5電極41面。雖未特別圖示，但在支柱祕的中心部也黏著 有形成於下面基板上的掃描電極43及形成於上面基板上的 ㈣電極41面。因此也具有提升貼合上、下面基板黏 之效果。 在上述各實施例中’例如，電極間的寬度㈣卿而 10前端部的寬度係3_。由於形成壁面結構體支柱之微影製 程的位置不正容許度在±5μ1η左右，因此只要前端部的寬度 在3〇μιη左右的話，即使發生位置不正的狀況，亦可透過^ 極間的空隙使前端部接觸電極面，因此可保持黏附力。 (實施例7) 15 第15圖係實施例7中液晶顯示元件之結構說明圖。 如第15圖所示，在本實施例的液晶顯示元件不是形成 於下面基板上的單一密封結構體，而是呈由密封結構體 Ilia、mb、llic組成的三層結構。 再者，雖然在本實施例中密封結構體係呈三條直線， 2〇仁本發明的液晶顯示元件之密封結構體並不限定於二條直 線，亦可為具有兩條直線以上的多數直線結構，而這種情 形在後述其他的實施例中也是如此。 例如，各密封結構體Ilia、mb、111(：的寬度皆相同， 且該寬度皆小於第1圖中習知液晶顯示元件的密封結構體 22 1321681 3，例如0.001 mm〜1 mm左右。 因此，密封結構體可藉由三條直線組成的三層結構， 防止在黏著上下基板製程之黏著硬化步驟時所產生的氣體 殘留在與基板及密封結構體之黏著面的現象。由於，密封 5 結構體間的間隙113連結在前述液晶注入口 121附近，藉此 可一面維持密封結構體的強度，一面有效率的將黏著硬化 之密封結構體的反應氣體從液晶注入口附近排出。 另外，由於密封結構體係由多數直線構成，因此假使 一部份的直線斷線，其他直線仍可維持密封機能，而可提 10 升液晶顯示元件的可靠性。一旦密封結構體在注入液晶時 斷線的話，則會引起密封洩漏的現象，而產生無法注入液 晶的問題。在本實施例中，由於設有多數的密封結構體， 因此可以防止密封洩漏現象的發生。 (實施例8) 15 第16圖係說明實施例8中液晶顯示元件的特徵之密封 結構體部分放大圖。 在試作實施例7的液晶顯示元件時，細線狀的密封結構 體會在形成密封結構體的微影製程之顯像處理中倒塌，因 此可知該密封結構體有高度剝離的可能性。 20 實施例8的密封結構體係用以解決前述實施例7中液晶 顯示元件的問題者，且係具有藉提升與密封結構體下面基 板的黏附力，防止密封結構體在前述微影製程中剝離的結 構。 如第16圖所示，本實施例中的密封結構體不是如實施 23 1321681 例7中密封結構體llla、lllb、lllc—般的單純直線，而是 呈在直線的兩旁設有多數分支211的形狀。藉由使密封結構 體Ilia、lllb、liic呈具有如此分支的直線形狀，分支211 可與下面基板相接觸’並增加與密封結構體1Ua、mb、 5 11 lc下面基板的黏著面積。藉此，密封結構體Ilia、lllb、 111 c處於不易倒塌且安定的狀態。因此，即使密封結構體 llla、 lllb、111c的寬度狹小，也不易在前述微影製程之顯 現處理中倒塌，因此可防止該等的剝離而提升產率。 再者’各密封結構體間設有間隙131，該間隙131連会士 10至液晶注入口。因此，在各密封結構體間隙發生的前述反 應氣體可透過間隙131從液晶注入口附近排出。 (實施例9) 第Π圖係顯示實施例9中液晶顯示元件的特徵之密封 結構體之部分放大圖。 15 在本實施例中，如第17圖所示，密封結構體1Ua、 lllb、 111c係呈彎曲成「三角波狀」之圖案重覆的線藉 此使密封構造體111a、lllb、111c成為不易倒塌的結構。曰 在密封結構體111a、lllb、111c的各個「三角波狀之 部分221a、221b、221c係形成同形狀且同大小，並形成巢 2〇 套結構者。 (實施例10) 第18圖係說明實施例1〇中液晶顯示元件的特徵之密封 結構之部分放大圖。 如第18圖所示，實施例10中液晶顯示元件的密封結構 24 1321681 體Ilia、Ulb、lllc係呈具有凸狀彎曲部231的線❶該凸狀 彎曲部231的大小，由大到小依序為密封結構體丨丨^之凸狀 弯曲部231a、密封結構體111b之凸狀·脊曲部231b、密封結 構體111c之凸狀彎曲部23lc。 又，密封結構體111c之凸狀彎曲部231C係巢套於密封 結構體111b之凸狀弯曲部231b中，且密封結構體nib之凸 狀彎曲部23 lb係巢套於密封結構體111 a之凸狀彎曲部23 la 中。 本實施例之密封結構體111 a與密封結構體111 c之間的 10最大距離係，例如，等同於第15圖所示之實施例8中密封結 構體11 la與密封結構體1 lie之間的距離。藉由實施例8乃至 實施例10的結構，密封結構體可具有不易倒塌的結構，當 然也同時提昇了強度。 如上所述’在前述各實施例中，藉由支柱的前端部或 15中心部之幅度寬於分支其他的部分，使得支柱的一部份可 與電極面黏著，而提升與支柱下面基板的黏附力。因此， 即使密封構造體支柱的寬度變細，依舊可抑制發生支柱在 圖案开v成多數支柱的微景多製程之顯像處理中的剝離。又， 由於八有别述前端部或中心部的面積較大，因此可將像素 20開口率的下降抑止在最小限度。 口部Μ述任"""實施例皆是具有在像素的四周設有開 具:的結構，但對於顯示領域端部以外的像素則以至少 ΐ領::像素開口部較佳。又，在該端部的像素(例如，顯 _角的像素等）亦可只設一個開口部。因此，對於不 25 1321681 位於顯示領域端部的像素，可在最少兩邊設有開口部。又， 對於未必有設置需要的開口部，亦可使其成為連結相鄰支 柱之前端部而關閉之結構。 又，像素的形狀並非一定為矩形。 5 (製造方法） 在此針對前述本發明之實施例中液晶顯示元件的 造方法作說明。 (1)使條紋狀的掃描電極圖案形成在下面基板上。 ⑺將作為感光體的壁面材料塗布在㈣形成有掃 1〇極的下面基板上，使其形成有數师的壁面材料膜。田 (3)透過用以形成絲及密封結構體的鮮，使壁 料藉紫外線曝光而感光。接著，將已曝光的壁面材料= 在顯像液中以形成支柱圖案與密封結構體。 ⑷依需要進行密封材料之塗布與習知型球狀分 柱狀分隔件之形成。又，依需要在電極面(掃描電極面)上= 成定向膜或絕緣膜。 ⑺將形成有條紋狀的電極圖案(信號電極的圖宰)之上 面基板與形成有以前述⑴〜⑷製程所製造的壁面結構支柱 及密封結構體之下面基板貼合，使形成在兩基板上的電極 2〇 «相交。接著’藉由㈣加熱處理，使壁面結構支柱及 达封結構體產生點著反應，將 竹上下面基板以預定的間隔黏 合0 (6)從設於上下面基板間的 耵设日日，主入口將液晶注入設於 下面土板間的液晶層。在注人完液晶之後，則進行液晶 26 1321681 層兩端的封口處理。由於液晶在處於高溫時會降低黏性， 故最好在液晶注入製程時加熱液晶，而加壓液晶也可有效 地縮短液晶注入製程的時間。 藉由以上的製程，可完成最後的液晶顯示元件（液晶顯 5 示面板）。 前述本實施例的液晶顯示元件係可如同習知的液晶顯 示元件一般地作為電子機器的顯示裝置。本實施例的液晶 顯示元件具有優異的可撓性、耐衝擊性及對顯示面的耐按 壓性’且在按壓顯示面或彎曲液晶顯示部時依舊可維持顯 10示性能，因此適合作為電子紙等超薄型電子機器的顯示裝 置。 前述實施例皆是點矩陣式液晶顯示元件，但本發明也 可適用於主動式矩陣液晶顯示元件。又，前述實施例中像 素的形狀係呈矩狀，但本發明像素之形狀並不限定於矩 15 狀，其他形狀亦可。 又，實施例中壁面結構體係形成於掃描電極基板上， 但亦可形成於信號電極基板上並貼合掃描電極基板。 又’另外’本發明除了適用於膽固醇液晶顯示元件外， 亦可適用於使用其他具有顯示記憶性之液晶的液晶顯示元 20 件。 本發明並不限定於前述實施例。 產業上利用之可能性 本發明係除了適用於電子紙之顯示元件外，亦可適用 於電子書、電子新聞、電子廣告，或是PDA(個人數位助理） 27 1321681 等可攜式遠程終端機及手錶等必須具有可撓性的可攜式機 器之顯示元件。又，亦可適用於期望將來可實現地紙型電 腦的顯示器之顯示元件，或裝飾在店舖等用以陳列的顯示 器等各式各樣領域的顯示機器。 5 前述記憶性液晶之特徵在於該液晶為膽固醇液晶。 【圖式簡單說明3 第1圖係顯示使用支柱分隔件且實行均等晶胞間隔的 點矩陣式結構液晶顯示元件中晶胞結構之分解圖。 第2圖係顯示可應用於電子紙的選擇反射型膽固醇液 10 晶液晶顯示元件之全體結構分解圖。 第3圖係顯示設於第2圖中液晶顯示元件之下面基板上 的支柱配置圖案之平面圖。 第4(a)圖係第3圖中支柱配置圖案之部分放大圖，第4(b) 圖係顯示該支柱形狀之圖。 15 第5(a)圖係顯示可應用於電子紙的液晶顯示元件的支 柱配置圖案之結構例的圖，第5(b)圖係顯示形成於上述液晶 顯示元件基板上的第1支柱之圖，第5(c)圖係顯示形成於上 述液晶顯示元件基板上的第2支柱之圖。 第6圖係顯示形成於第2圖中液晶顯示元件基板上的密 20 封結構體形狀之圖。 第7(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例1中液晶顯示元件 之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第7(b)圖係顯示實施例 1中液晶顯不元件的支柱形狀之圖。 第8圖係顯示實施例1中液晶顯示元件的支柱之立體結 28 1321681 構圖。 第9圖係第7(a)圖所示之實施例1之液晶顯示元件中直 線A-A之截面圖。 第10(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例2中液晶顯示元 5 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第10(b)圖係顯示實 施例2中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第10(c)圖係顯 示實施例2中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 第11(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例3中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第11(b)圖係顯示實 10 施例3中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第11(c)圖係顯 示實施例3中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 第12 (a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例4中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第12(b)圖係顯示實 施例4中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第12(c)圖係顯 15 示實施例4中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 第13(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例5中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第13(b)圖係顯示實 施例5中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第13(c)圖係顯 示實施例5中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 20 第14(a)圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例6中液晶顯示元 件之下面基板上的支柱配置圖案之圖，第14(b)圖係顯示實 施例6中液晶顯示元件的第1支柱形狀之圖，第14(c)圖係顯 示實施例6中液晶顯示元件的第2支柱形狀之圖。 第15圖係顯示形成於本發明實施例7中液晶顯示元件 29 1321681 之下面基板上的密封結構體之圖。 第16圖係顯示本發明實施例8中液晶顯示元件的密封 結構體之部分放大圖。 第17圖係顯示本發明實施例9中液晶顯示元件的密封 結構體之部分放大圖。 第β圖係顯示本發明實施例10中液晶顯示元件的密封 結構體之部分放大圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1，31…下面基板 2,32…上面基板 3，13…密封材料 3a…密封材料之一邊 4，14，121.. ·液晶注入口 5...支柱分隔件 6…黑矩陣層 10…習知液晶顯示元件 15,15a,15b,101,l〇2a,102b,103a, 16…顯示領域 ruilajllbjllc…壁面密封結構體 17a…壁面密封結構體之一邊 21，41…信號電極 23,43…掃描電極 25,45…像素 45a..·像素開口部 113…間隙 211…分支 103b,104a,l〇4b,105a,105b,106a 2213^2211^221(:...三角波狀部分 ，106b…支柱 231 a，23 lb,23 lc...凸狀彎曲部 30between. As described above, the adhesion of the pillar 1〇1 made of the lining material to the surface of the scanning electrode U (hereinafter referred to as the scanning electrode surface) is higher than the adhesion to the surface (resin) of the lower substrate 3^. 17 5 Two branches 'Because the branch-partial-lit electrode faces are adhered, the adhesion surface to the scanning electrode surface is larger than the two branches in Figure 3. Therefore, the force of the pillar 1G1 and the scanning electrode will be stronger than that of the core 15 and the 1 pole material (indium tin oxide, etc.) and the pillar (4) will be high in the plastic film 'so it can be improved at this point = material, then Suppressing the pillars in the lithography process _ = plate 31 peeling. where? In addition, since the pillar 101 overlaps only the electrode surface (the scanning electrode 43) on both sides of the branch front end portion, the aperture ratio of the pixel 45 of the liquid crystal display unit bull in the present embodiment is only lower than the third. Plot the pixel 0 of the liquid crystal display element. Further, the pillar 101 of the example thickens the structure of the branch front end portion. However, the enlarged area of the branch is not limited to the front end portion, and is provided between the center of the pillar and the front end. Just fine. However, the addition of the front end portion has the effect of preventing the separation. The thickened portion of the branch in the figure is shown in a rectangular shape, but is not particularly limited to a rectangular shape, and may be rounded. Further, the spacer of the liquid crystal layer may be used in combination with the support 101 and a conventional spherical spacer or column spacer. These separators can be used in common for all of the embodiments described in the following 20. (Embodiment 2) Fig. 10 is a view showing the structure of a pillar of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 2. Ό This embodiment has a structure capable of improving the pixel aperture ratio of the pillar 101 of the liquid crystal display element 18 in the foregoing first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the two pillars of the wall structure as shown in Figs. 10(b) and (c) are used as the pillars, and are disposed at positions as shown in Fig. 10(4). The pillar 102a has a thickened structure on the front end portion of the branch 5 which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the scanning electrode 43. Further, the post 10b is provided with a thick structure on the branch front end portion perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the scanning electrode 43. In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 10, the two pillars 1〇23, 102b are alternately arranged. At this time, the pillars 1〇2a and 1〇2b are alternately arranged in both the upper and lower directions (the longitudinal direction of the signal electrode) and the left and right directions (the longitudinal direction of the scanning electrode 43). By forming this arrangement, when the pillars 10a, 2b, 2b are rotated by 90 degrees, the shape of the pixel 45 can be maintained to be substantially square. When the pixel shape is a rectangle, the line width of the line differs in the vertical and horizontal directions when the line is displayed. Therefore, it is desirable that the shape of the pixel 15 be close to a square. In this case, the embodiment is advantageous for straight line display. In the case of the present embodiment, since the contact area of the pillars 1〇2a, 1〇2b and the scanning electrode surface is smaller than that of the pillar 1〇1 of the embodiment, the adhesion force with the scanning electrode 43 is smaller than the support 1〇1. . However, in terms of the aperture ratio of the pixel 45, the aperture ratio of the present embodiment becomes large, and the aperture ratio 45 is only slightly lower than the aperture ratio of the pixel 25 in Fig. 3 . (Embodiment 3) Fig. 11 is a view showing the structure of the pillar of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 3, in this embodiment, two of the wall structures 19 1321681 as shown in Figs. 11(b) and (c). Since the pillars 10a and 3b are formed as pillars and formed on the lower substrate, the adhesion force to the pillar electrode surface (scanning electrode surface and signal electrode surface) is further improved than that of the second embodiment. The pillar 103a is thick in the center portion of the pillar i〇2a, and the branch is made thick in the center portion of the pillar 103b. Further, as shown in Fig. 11(a), since the pillars 3〇3b are disposed on the gap portions of the electrodes of the signal electrode 41 and the scanning electrode 43, the resin can be weakly adhered to both the upper substrate and the lower substrate. Face connection. In the pillars 10a and 103b of the present embodiment, the center portions of the pillars 10a, 10 1 (> 2b in the second embodiment are thickened, whereby the lithography process can be suppressed more than in the second embodiment. Further, the detachment of the pillars in the step is performed. Further, the upper substrate can be adhered to the pillars 103a and 10b by the pressurization and heat treatment of the bonding process, but the adhesion of the pillars i〇3a and i〇3b to the resin surface is obtained. The pillars 10a, 3b, and 3b of the present embodiment are adhered to the signal electrode 41 formed on the upper substrate by the center portion of the 15 to enhance the overall adhesion to the upper substrate. (Embodiment 4) The figure shows the structure of the liquid crystal display element in the fourth embodiment. As shown in Fig. 12(b) and (c), in the present embodiment, the two pillars 10 of the liquid crystal display element 10, such as l4b, are implemented. The shape of the pillar 1〇1 after the deformation of the example 1 is such that the pillar 104a has a shape in which the longitudinal branch of the pillar 1〇1 is shortened, and the pillar 10〇4b has a shape in which the lateral branch of the pillar 1〇1 is shortened. The wiring patterns of 104a and 1〇4b are the same as those of the pillars 1 and 1 in the first embodiment (see Fig. 7(a)). 20 1321681 In the present embodiment, the adhesion to the underlying substrate (scanning electrode surface) of the pillars 104a, 104b is increased by the same method as in the second embodiment to suppress the development of the pillars 104a, 104b in the aforementioned lithography process. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 12(a), the opening 45a of the pixel 45 is configured in a orthodontic configuration, so that it is possible to suppress the liquid crystal from being applied to the pixel 45 when the pressing force is applied. (Embodiment 5) Fig. 13 is a view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 5. As shown in Figures 13(a) and (b), two of the liquid crystal display elements in this embodiment are shown. The pillars l〇5a and 10b are each deformed in the shape of the pillars i〇2a and 102b of the second embodiment. The pillars 105a have a shape in which the longitudinal branches of the pillars 102& are shortened, and the pillars 105b are pillars l2b. The shape of the lateral branches is shortened. The wiring patterns of the pillars 105a and 105b are the same as those of the pillars 1〇2a and 1〇2b. 15 Experimental results show that when the length of the cross-shaped branches is different, the long branches are widened. The front end is most effective. This embodiment is suitable In the same manner as in the fourth embodiment, the opening 45a of the pixel 45 is arranged in a zigzag shape, so that the same effect as in the above-described fourth embodiment can be obtained. (Embodiment 6) Fig. 14 The structure diagram of the liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 6. As shown in Figures 14(b) and (c), the two pillars 106a, 106b of the liquid crystal display element in this embodiment are each a pillar l5a of Embodiment 5. The shape of 105b is widened at the center portion. Therefore, it has the same effect as the liquid crystal display element 21 1321681 of the fifth embodiment. The wiring of the pillars 1G6a and 1Q6b is formed as shown in Fig. 4(4) in the same manner as the liquid crystal display device of the fifth embodiment. As shown in Fig. 14(a), the scanning electrode 43 formed on the lower substrate and the surface of the signal 5 electrode 41 formed on the upper substrate are adhered to the center portion of the pillar i〇6a. Although not shown in the drawings, the scanning electrode 43 formed on the lower substrate and the surface of the (four) electrode 41 formed on the upper substrate are adhered to the center portion of the pillar. Therefore, it also has the effect of improving the adhesion of the upper and lower substrates. In the above embodiments, for example, the width between the electrodes is (4) and the width of the front end portion is 3_. Since the positional misalignment of the lithography process for forming the wall structure pillar is about ±5μ1η, if the width of the tip end portion is about 3〇μηη, the front end can be transmitted through the gap between the electrodes even if the position is not correct. The part contacts the electrode surface so that the adhesion can be maintained. (Embodiment 7) FIG. 15 is a structural explanatory view of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 7. As shown in Fig. 15, the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment is not a single sealing structure formed on the lower substrate, but has a three-layer structure composed of the sealing structures Ilia, mb, and llic. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the sealing structure system has three straight lines, and the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not limited to two straight lines, and may be a plurality of straight lines having two straight lines or more. This is also the case in other embodiments to be described later. For example, each of the sealing structures Ilia, mb, 111 (the widths are the same, and the width is smaller than the sealing structure 221321681 3 of the conventional liquid crystal display element in Fig. 1, for example, about 0.001 mm to 1 mm. The sealing structure can be formed by a three-layer structure consisting of three straight lines, thereby preventing the gas generated during the adhesion hardening step of adhering the upper and lower substrates from remaining on the adhesion surface with the substrate and the sealing structure. The gap 113 is connected to the vicinity of the liquid crystal injection port 121, whereby the reaction gas of the adhesive structure having the adhesively cured structure can be efficiently discharged from the vicinity of the liquid crystal injection port while maintaining the strength of the sealing structure. It consists of a large number of straight lines, so if a part of the straight line is broken, the other straight lines can maintain the sealing function, and the reliability of the 10 liter liquid crystal display element can be improved. If the sealed structure is broken when the liquid crystal is injected, it will cause Sealing the phenomenon of leakage, resulting in the problem that liquid crystal cannot be injected. In this embodiment, since a large number of sealing structures are provided Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the sealing leakage phenomenon. (Embodiment 8) FIG. 16 is a partially enlarged view showing a sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 8. In the case of the liquid crystal display element of Example 7, the thin line The sealing structure of the shape collapses in the developing process of the lithography process for forming the sealing structure, so that the sealing structure has a high possibility of peeling off. 20 The sealing structure of the embodiment 8 is used to solve the foregoing embodiment 7. The problem of the liquid crystal display element is a structure for preventing the sealing structure from being peeled off in the lithography process by lifting the adhesion force with the substrate under the sealing structure. As shown in Fig. 16, the sealing structure in this embodiment The body is not a simple straight line as in the case of the sealing structure bodies 11la, 1111, and 11c of the example 23 1321681, but has a shape in which a plurality of branches 211 are provided on both sides of the straight line. By making the sealing structures Ilia, 11lb, and liic With such a straight line shape, the branch 211 can be in contact with the lower substrate and increase the adhesion surface to the substrate below the sealing structure 1Ua, mb, 5 11 lc Thereby, the sealing structures Ilia, 111b, 111c are in a state in which they are not easily collapsed and stabilized. Therefore, even if the widths of the sealing structures 111a, 111b, and 111c are narrow, it is difficult to collapse in the development process of the above-described lithography process, The peeling can be prevented to improve the yield. Further, a gap 131 is provided between each sealing structure, and the gap 131 is connected to the liquid crystal injection port. Therefore, the reaction gas generated in the gap between the sealing structures can be The through-hole 131 is discharged from the vicinity of the liquid crystal injection port. (Embodiment 9) FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view showing a sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 9. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. It is to be noted that the sealing structures 1Ua, 11b, and 111c are lines which are bent in a pattern of "triangular wave shape", whereby the sealing structures 111a, 111b, and 111c are configured to be less likely to collapse. Each of the triangular-shaped portions 221a, 221b, and 221c of the sealing structures 111a, 111b, and 111c is formed into the same shape and the same size, and forms a nested structure. (Embodiment 10) FIG. 18 illustrates the implementation. A partial enlarged view of the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element of Example 1 is shown in Fig. 18. As shown in Fig. 18, the sealing structure 241321681 of the liquid crystal display element of the embodiment 10 has a convex curved portion 231. The size of the convex curved portion 231 is, from large to small, the convex curved portion 231a of the sealing structure, the convex curved portion 231b of the sealing structure 111b, and the sealing structure 111c. Further, the convex curved portion 231C of the sealing structure 111c is nested in the convex curved portion 231b of the sealing structure 111b, and the convex curved portion 23b of the sealing structural body nib is nested in the convex portion The maximum bending distance between the sealing structure 111a of the present embodiment and the sealing structure 111c is, for example, equivalent to the embodiment 8 shown in Fig. 15. Middle sealing structure 11 la and sealing structure 1 lie With the structure of Embodiment 8 or Embodiment 10, the sealing structure can have a structure that is not easily collapsed, and of course, the strength is also increased. As described above, in the foregoing embodiments, the front end portion of the pillar is used. Or the center of the 15 is wider than the other parts of the branch, so that a part of the pillar can adhere to the electrode surface and enhance the adhesion to the substrate under the pillar. Therefore, even if the width of the sealing structure pillar is thin, it can still be suppressed. Peeling occurs in the development process of the micro-view multi-process in which the pillars are formed in a plurality of pillars. Further, since the area of the front end portion or the center portion is large, the decrease in the aperture ratio of the pixel 20 can be suppressed. At the very least, the oral description of the """ embodiments have a structure with an opening: around the pixel, but at least for the pixels outside the display field end:: pixel opening Moreover, only one opening may be provided in the pixel at the end (for example, a pixel of the display angle), and therefore, the pixel at the end of the display field may be at least 25 1321681. Further, the opening portion which is not necessarily required to be provided may be closed so as to close the end portion of the adjacent pillar. The shape of the pixel is not necessarily rectangular. 5 (Manufacturing method) This is explained with respect to the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element in the above-described embodiment of the present invention. (1) A stripe-shaped scan electrode pattern is formed on the lower substrate. (7) A wall material as a photoreceptor is coated on (4) a sweep is formed. The bottom substrate of the pole is formed with a wall material film of several divisions. The field (3) is sensitized by ultraviolet light exposure through the formation of the wire and the sealing structure. Next, the exposed wall material is = in the developing liquid to form a pillar pattern and a sealing structure. (4) The coating of the sealing material and the formation of the conventional spherical columnar separator are carried out as needed. Further, as needed, on the electrode surface (scanning electrode surface) = an oriented film or an insulating film. (7) The upper substrate on which the stripe electrode pattern (the signal electrode is formed) is bonded to the lower substrate on which the wall structure pillars and the sealing structure produced by the above processes (1) to (4) are formed, so as to be formed on both substrates. The electrodes 2〇« intersect. Then, by (4) heat treatment, the wall structure pillar and the sealing structure are reacted, and the bamboo upper and lower substrates are bonded at a predetermined interval. (6) From the time between the upper and lower substrates, the main day The inlet injects liquid crystal into the liquid crystal layer disposed between the lower earth plates. After the liquid crystal is finished, the sealing treatment is performed on both ends of the liquid crystal 26 1321681 layer. Since the liquid crystal is lowered in viscosity at a high temperature, it is preferable to heat the liquid crystal during the liquid crystal injection process, and the pressurized liquid crystal can also effectively shorten the time of the liquid crystal injection process. Through the above process, the final liquid crystal display element (liquid crystal display panel) can be completed. The liquid crystal display element of the foregoing embodiment can be generally used as a display device of an electronic device like a conventional liquid crystal display element. The liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment has excellent flexibility, impact resistance, and resistance to the display surface, and can maintain the display performance when the display surface or the curved liquid crystal display portion is pressed, and thus is suitable as an electronic paper. A display device for an ultra-thin electronic device. The foregoing embodiments are all dot matrix liquid crystal display elements, but the present invention is also applicable to active matrix liquid crystal display elements. Further, although the shape of the pixel in the above embodiment is a rectangular shape, the shape of the pixel of the present invention is not limited to the shape of the rectangle 15, and other shapes may be used. Further, in the embodiment, the wall surface structure system is formed on the scan electrode substrate, but may be formed on the signal electrode substrate and bonded to the scan electrode substrate. Further, the present invention is applicable not only to a cholesteric liquid crystal display element but also to a liquid crystal display element using other liquid crystals having display memory. The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. Industrial Applicability The present invention is applicable not only to display elements of electronic paper, but also to e-books, electronic news, electronic advertisements, or portable remote terminals such as PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) 27 1321681 and the like. A watch or the like must have a display element of a portable portable machine. Further, it can be applied to a display device of a display which is expected to realize a paper-type computer in the future, or a display device which is decorated in various fields such as a display for display such as a store. 5 The aforementioned memory liquid crystal is characterized in that the liquid crystal is a cholesteric liquid crystal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded view showing a cell structure in a dot matrix type liquid crystal display device using pillar spacers and performing uniform cell spacing. Fig. 2 is a view showing the entire structure of a selective reflection type cholesterol liquid 10-crystal liquid crystal display element which can be applied to electronic paper. Fig. 3 is a plan view showing a pillar arrangement pattern provided on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4(a) is a partially enlarged view of the pillar arrangement pattern in Fig. 3, and Fig. 4(b) is a diagram showing the shape of the pillar. 15( a) is a view showing a configuration example of a pillar arrangement pattern of a liquid crystal display element applicable to electronic paper, and FIG. 5(b) is a diagram showing a first pillar formed on the liquid crystal display element substrate. Fig. 5(c) is a view showing a second pillar formed on the liquid crystal display element substrate. Fig. 6 is a view showing the shape of a sealed structure formed on a liquid crystal display element substrate in Fig. 2; Fig. 7(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element in the first embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 7(b) is a view showing a pillar shape of the liquid crystal display element in the first embodiment. Figure. Fig. 8 is a view showing the stereoscopic structure of the pillar of the liquid crystal display element of Example 1 28 1321681. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a straight line A-A of the liquid crystal display element of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 7(a). Fig. 10(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element 5 in the second embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 10(b) is a view showing the first liquid crystal display element in the second embodiment. Fig. 10(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the second embodiment. Fig. 11(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element in the third embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 11(b) shows the first of the liquid crystal display elements in the third embodiment. Fig. 11(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the third embodiment. Fig. 12(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and Fig. 12(b) is a view showing a first pillar shape of the liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 4. Fig. 12(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the fourth embodiment. Fig. 13(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and Fig. 13(b) is a view showing a first pillar shape of the liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 5. Fig. 13(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the fifth embodiment. 20(a) is a view showing a pillar arrangement pattern formed on a lower substrate of a liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 6 of the present invention, and FIG. 14(b) is a diagram showing a first pillar of the liquid crystal display element in Embodiment 6. Fig. 14(c) is a view showing the shape of the second pillar of the liquid crystal display element of the sixth embodiment. Fig. 15 is a view showing a sealing structure formed on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal display element 29 1321681 in the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 16 is a partially enlarged view showing the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element of Embodiment 8 of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a partially enlarged view showing the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element in the ninth embodiment of the invention. Fig. 11 is a partially enlarged view showing the sealing structure of the liquid crystal display element in the tenth embodiment of the invention. [Main component symbol description] 1,31...substrate 2,32...upper substrate 3,13...sealing material 3a...one side of sealing material 4,14,121.....liquid crystal injection port 5...pillar spacer 6... Black matrix layer 10... conventional liquid crystal display elements 15, 15a, 15b, 101, l〇2a, 102b, 103a, 16... display field ruilajllbjllc... wall sealing structure 17a... wall sealing structure one side 21, 41... signal electrode 23,43...scanning electrode 25,45...pixel 45a..pixel opening 113...gap 211...branch 103b,104a,l4b,105a,105b,106a 2213^2211^221(:...triangular wavy portion , 106b... pillar 231 a, 23 lb, 23 lc... convex curved portion 30