1321487 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種適用於廢水處理之濾材，特別是 指一種適用於固液分離型薄膜生物處理技術之濾材 (filtration media)。 【先前技術】 薄膜生物反應器（Membrane Bioreactor，簡稱) 技術’因為具有優質的出流水、污泥產量少、佔地面積小 、可去除難分解的有機物等優點，已應用於越來越多的商 業化廢水處理系統。 由於薄膜生物反應器處理技術是利用薄膜截留微生物 與固體物’而爐、出淨化過的水’因此，薄膜被污染、阻塞 或積垢（fouling)導致薄膜通量降低，是MBR技術較常見 的問題。 早期薄膜（membrane)濾材大多為微孔性（microporous)( 孔徑大小0.1〜10/im範圍）的聚合物材料或無機陶瓷材料，常 見的聚合物濾材有中空纖維膜（hollow-fiber )，及利用相轉 換（phase inversion)技術，使聚合物溶液塗層上溶劑揮發後 產生的微孔性聚合物薄膜。其中陶瓷製的薄膜因為成本昂 貴且易碎，較少被使用，中空纖維膜則容易阻塞且不易清 洗’為其最大的缺點，而微孔性聚合物薄膜雖然成本較低 、清洗容易，但是機械強度較差’所以其應用範圍即受限 制。 近來已有人提出利用不織布作為渡材，由於不織布容 5 水性的纖維所製成的纖維薄層，較不易吸附液相中的粒子 ，能減少表面積垢以維持較大的薄膜通量，而具有較佳的 透膜性能（permeability)。 因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種表面不易積垢而 能維持較大的操作通量、具有較佳透媒性能的遽材。 於是本發明一種固液分離型薄膜生物處理用的濾材 ’包含-不織布支撑層’及至少一層形成於該支樓層：面 的過濾層，其中，該過濾層係由直徑介於2〇〜1〇〇〇奈米的 纖維構成，較佳為M)〜300奈米，且其厚度介於1()〜細微 米’較佳為10〜80微米，並具有介於〇 〇〇1〜15微米的孔隙 ，可依照出流水的水質需求而決定要採用的孔隙尺寸。 適用於製作本發明過濾層的材質為具有疏水性之聚烯 煙’可舉例如聚四敦乙烯（PTFE)、聚乙烯（pE)及聚丙稀 (PP ) ’其中以聚四氟乙稀為較佳。 適用於形成本發明之過濾層的方式可以是使過濾層先 形成薄膜再貼合於該支撐層上，貼合的方法可舉例如熱壓 黏合（thermal bonding)，亦可貼合較多層數的過濾層，以 增加過濾效率；另一方式是以靜電紡絲法（electr〇static spinning)直接於該支撐層上成膜而形成過濾層。 適用於本發明的不織布支撐層的基重介於1〇〜1〇〇〇克/ 平方公尺（g/rri)’其孔隙一般可在1〜5〇微米，而用於製作 不織布的已知材質眾多，包括聚丙烯（pp)、聚乙烯（pE) 、聚對苯二曱酸乙二醇酯（PET)、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇醋 (PBT)及複合纖維等，適用於本發明之不織布的材質可依 1321487 製造成本及製程簡便性等考量選用。 本發明的另一目的’是提供一種以前述本發明的濾材 與支撐材（supporting media)所構成的過濾器，以及—種由多 數個前述的過濾器所組合而成的過濾模組。 適用於本發明過濾器的支撐材可以是平面形（flat sheet) 或為多孔圓管形（perforated tube) ’該支撐材的具體結構及 其與本發明的濾材之組裝方式，可參考現有的固液分離型 薄膜生物處理技術中所用的過濾器之製備方式，另外，將 多數個以本發明的濾材製成之過濾器組合成過濾模組的方 法亦可採用已知的組合技術，在此不再詳述。 本發明的濾材之過濾層係以纖維所製成，具有疏水性 且其孔隙尺寸小於該支撐層的孔隙尺寸，可減少表面積垢 的开> 成以維持較大的薄膜通量，而具有較佳的透膜性能。 【實施方式】 以下將藉實施例、實驗例及比較例更詳細地說明本發 明之内容。 <實施例> 參閱圖1，為本發明固液分離型薄膜生物處理用的渡材 之一較佳實施例的結構示意圖。濾材1是由過濾層11及支 撐層12所構成。過濾層u是由pTFE材質所製成，且其纖 維直徑為75 nm、孔隙尺寸〇·5 μιη、厚度為18 μιη，並與聚 酉曰（PET)不織布支撐層12貼合❶支撐層12的纖維直徑 7.8 μιη、孔隙尺寸17 μιη、厚度為〇 5 mm，基重為25〇以瓜2 8 參閱圖2，為本發明固液分離型薄膜生物處理用的過濾 器之第一較佳實施例，過濾器2由平面形多孔支撐材μ及 匕覆於支稽材21兩面的丨慮材1所構成，並設有一出水口 22 用以連接抽水幫浦（圖未示）。濾材1的過濾層丨丨位於最外 側’支撐層12位於過濾層11與支撐材21之間。污水是由 過濾器2四周先經由過濾層11過濾，再通過支擇層12後成 為淨水’並由出水口 22抽出放流。 參閱圖3’為本發明固液分離型薄膜生物處理用的過遽 器之第二較佳實施例，過濾器3由多孔圓管形支撐材31及 包覆於支撐材31外的濾材1所構成，並設有一出水口 32 用以連接抽水幫浦（圖未示）。濾材1的過濾層丨丨位於最外 側’過濾後的水經由出水口 32抽出。 參閱圖4,為本發明固液分離型薄膜生物處理用的過滤 模組之一較佳實施例，過濾模組4是利用框架41將多數個 過;慮器2組合在一起，並將過遽器2的出水口 21 (參見圖 2)以管線（圖未示）連結至框架41上的出水口 42，並由 出水口 42連接抽水幫浦（圖未示），將過濾後的水抽出。 <實驗例> 將單片平板形過濾器2(參見圖2)之出口水連接抽水 幫浦，置入體積為30公升的活性污泥反應槽體中，其活性 污泥濃度介於8100〜8500 mg/L，連續過濾三個月後，紀錄 其操作通量、透膜壓差及透膜性能如表1所示，其中遽材 的過濾面積為200 cm2。 <比較例> 1321487 比較例所用的濾材為聚酯不織布’其不織布材質與實 驗例的支撐層相同。比較例的過濾測試條件比照實驗例， 其結果亦示於表1。 表1 操作通量 透膜壓差 透膜性能 (m3/m2-day) (kg/cm2) (每單位壓力之通詈） 實驗例 0.4 0.4 1.0 比較例 0.15 0.2 0.75 由表1之操作通量顯示，實驗例具有較大薄膜操作通 量，亦即長時間操作下，所允許之通量較大，而其透膜性 能也優於比較例。 歸納上述，本發明的濾材以纖維薄層所構成的過濾層 具有疏水性且其孔隙尺寸小於該支撐層的孔隙尺寸同時1321487 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a filter material suitable for use in wastewater treatment, and more particularly to a filtration medium suitable for solid-liquid separation type membrane biological treatment technology. [Prior Art] Membrane Bioreactor (abbreviation) technology has been applied to more and more because of its advantages of high-quality outflow water, low sludge production, small footprint, and removal of difficult-to-decompose organic matter. Commercial wastewater treatment system. Since the membrane bioreactor treatment technology utilizes the membrane to trap microorganisms and solids, the furnace purifies the purified water. Therefore, the membrane is contaminated, blocked or fouled, resulting in a decrease in membrane flux, which is more common in MBR technology. problem. Most of the early membrane filters are microporous (pore size 0.1~10/im range) polymer materials or inorganic ceramic materials. Common polymer filters are hollow-fiber and utilized. A phase inversion technique that produces a microporous polymer film that is produced by volatilization of a solvent on a polymer solution coating. Among them, the ceramic film is expensive and fragile, and is used less, and the hollow fiber membrane is easy to block and difficult to clean 'as its biggest disadvantage, while the microporous polymer film is low in cost and easy to clean, but mechanical. The strength is poor' so the scope of its application is limited. Recently, it has been proposed to use a non-woven fabric as a ferry material. Since a thin layer of fibers made of non-woven fabrics is less likely to adsorb particles in the liquid phase, the surface area scale can be reduced to maintain a larger film flux. Good permeability. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a coffin having a surface which is less prone to fouling and which can maintain a large operating flux and has better liquid permeability. Therefore, the filter medium for the solid-liquid separation type film biological treatment includes a non-woven support layer and at least one filter layer formed on the branch floor: the filter layer is composed of a diameter of 2〇1〇1〇. The fiber composition of the nanometer nanometer is preferably M) to 300 nm, and the thickness thereof is from 1 () to fine micron', preferably from 10 to 80 μm, and has a thickness of from 1 to 15 μm. The pore size determines the pore size to be used according to the water quality requirements of the outflow water. The material suitable for the production of the filter layer of the present invention is a hydrophobic polyene smoke, such as polytetramethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (pE) and polypropylene (PP), among which polytetrafluoroethylene is used. good. The method for forming the filter layer of the present invention may be that the filter layer is first formed into a film and then bonded to the support layer, and the bonding method may be, for example, thermal bonding or a plurality of layers. The filter layer is used to increase the filtration efficiency; the other way is to form a filter layer by directly forming a film on the support layer by electrospinning. The non-woven support layer suitable for use in the present invention has a basis weight of from 1 〇 1 to 1 gram per square meter (g/rri), and its pores are generally from 1 to 5 μm, and are known for making non-woven fabrics. A wide range of materials, including polypropylene (pp), polyethylene (pE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and composite fibers, suitable for this The material of the non-woven fabric of the invention can be selected according to the manufacturing cost of 1321487 and the simplicity of the process. Another object of the present invention is to provide a filter comprising the filter medium and the supporting media of the present invention, and a filter module comprising a plurality of the aforementioned filters. The support material suitable for the filter of the present invention may be a flat sheet or a perforated tube 'the specific structure of the support material and its assembly with the filter material of the present invention, and reference may be made to the existing solid. The preparation method of the filter used in the liquid separation type membrane biological treatment technology, in addition, the method of combining a plurality of filters made of the filter medium of the present invention into a filter module can also adopt a known combination technique, and More details. The filter layer of the filter material of the present invention is made of fibers, has hydrophobicity and has a pore size smaller than the pore size of the support layer, and can reduce the opening of the surface area scale to maintain a larger film flux. Good membrane performance. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, experimental examples and comparative examples. <Embodiment> Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of a fluid for solid-liquid separation type film biological treatment of the present invention. The filter medium 1 is composed of a filter layer 11 and a support layer 12. The filter layer u is made of pTFE material and has a fiber diameter of 75 nm, a pore size of 5·5 μm, and a thickness of 18 μm, and is bonded to the support layer 12 of the PET nonwoven fabric support layer 12 . The fiber has a diameter of 7.8 μm, a pore size of 17 μm, a thickness of 〇5 mm, and a basis weight of 25 Å to melon. 8 Referring to FIG. 2, the first preferred embodiment of the filter for biological treatment of solid-liquid separation type film of the present invention The filter 2 is composed of a planar porous support material μ and a weir material 1 covering both sides of the branch material 21, and a water outlet 22 is provided for connecting the pumping pump (not shown). The filter layer 滤 of the filter medium 1 is located at the outermost side. The support layer 12 is located between the filter layer 11 and the support member 21. The sewage is filtered by the filter layer 11 from the periphery of the filter 2, and then passed through the layer 12 to become purified water and is discharged from the water outlet 22. 3 is a second preferred embodiment of the filter for biological treatment of a solid-liquid separation type film according to the present invention. The filter 3 is composed of a porous tubular support member 31 and a filter material 1 coated on the outside of the support member 31. It is constructed with a water outlet 32 for connecting the pumping pump (not shown). The filter layer 滤 of the filter medium 1 is located at the outermost side. The filtered water is withdrawn through the water outlet 32. Referring to FIG. 4, which is a preferred embodiment of a filter module for biological treatment of a solid-liquid separation type film according to the present invention, the filter module 4 uses a frame 41 to combine a plurality of filters 2 and The water outlet 21 (see Fig. 2) of the device 2 is connected to the water outlet 42 of the frame 41 by a line (not shown), and a pumping pump (not shown) is connected by the water outlet 42 to extract the filtered water. <Experimental Example> The outlet water of the monolithic plate-shaped filter 2 (see Fig. 2) was connected to a pumping pump and placed in an activated sludge reaction tank having a volume of 30 liters, and the activated sludge concentration was 8100. ~8500 mg / L, after continuous filtration for three months, record its operating flux, membrane pressure difference and membrane permeability as shown in Table 1, wherein the coffin filtration area is 200 cm2. <Comparative Example> 1321487 The filter medium used in the comparative example was a polyester nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric material was the same as the support layer of the experimental example. The filtration test conditions of the comparative examples were compared with the experimental examples, and the results are also shown in Table 1. Table 1 Operating flux permeation membrane pressure differential membrane performance (m3/m2-day) (kg/cm2) (per unit pressure per unit) Experimental Example 0.4 0.4 1.0 Comparative Example 0.15 0.2 0.75 Displayed by the operating flux of Table 1 The experimental example has a large membrane operating flux, that is, the flux allowed is large under long-term operation, and the membrane permeability is superior to the comparative example. In summary, the filter medium of the present invention has a filter layer composed of a thin layer of fibers which is hydrophobic and has a pore size smaller than the pore size of the support layer.
:其過遽層非常薄’可減少表面積垢的形成以維持較大的 薄膜通量’而具有較佳的透膜性能，故確實能達成本發明 之目的。 以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不 能以此限定本發明實施之範圍’即大凡依本發明申請：利 範圍及發明說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍 屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為一示意圖，說明本發明固液分離型薄膜生 理用的濾材之一較佳實施例； 10 1321487 圖2為一部份剖視示意圖，說明本發明固液分離型薄 膜生物處理用的過濾器之一第一較佳實施例； 圖3為一示意圖’說明本發明固液分離型薄膜生物處 理用的過濾器之一第二較佳實施例；及 圖4為一示意圖’說明本發明固液分離型薄膜生物處 理用的過濾模組之一較佳實施例。The fact that the ruthenium layer is very thin can reduce the formation of surface area scale to maintain a large film flux and has better membrane permeability, so that the object of the present invention can be achieved. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the present invention, the scope of the invention, and the description of the invention, All remain within the scope of the invention patent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of a filter material for physiology of a solid-liquid separation type film of the present invention; 10 1321487 FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the solid-liquid separation type of the present invention. A first preferred embodiment of a filter for biological treatment of a film; FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a second preferred embodiment of a filter for biological treatment of a solid-liquid separation type film of the present invention; and FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A preferred embodiment of a filtration module for biological treatment of solid-liquid separation membranes of the present invention is illustrated.
11 1321487 【主要元件符號說明】 — 1..........遽材 11 .........過濾層 12 .........支撐層 2 ..........過濾器 ； 21.........支撐材 211 .......第一側 212 .......第二側 • 22.........出水口 3 ..........過滤器 31 .........支撐材 32 .........出水口 4 ..........過滤模組 41 .........框架 42 .........出水口11 1321487 [Explanation of main component symbols] — 1.......... coffin 11 ......... filter layer 12 ......... support layer 2 ... .......filter; 21.........support 211.......first side 212.......second side• 22.... ..... water outlet 3 .......... filter 31 ... ... support material 32 ... ... water outlet 4 ..... .....Filter module 41 .........frame 42 ......... water outlet
1212