1303995 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關吸收式冷;東海水淡化方法，利用 吸收式冷象機的低輔助動力需求，及廢熱、太陽 能、地熱等再生能源做為熱源，提供冷媒具有冷 束低溫條件，冷來分離海水中的淡水及鹽分，達 到降低成本’推動海水淡化普及化之目的。 【先前技術】 φ 最常運用於海水淡化方法，概約可分為非熱 處理法及熱處理法。非熱處理法包括逆滲透法及 電透析兩種，逆滲透法較適用於域水及海水脫 鹽；而電透析只適用於鹹水。熱處理法係以熱或 相變化，將液相先變為氣相（又稱蒸餾法）或固 相滚脫鹽（又稱冷束法），再讓它回到液相，如此 即可將鹽份從水中分離，達到淡化的目的。 逆渗透法的主要成本為膜材及高壓能，必須 大幅降低膜材的成本，以利推廣。蒸餾法與冷康 脫鹽法的優劣，蒸餾法的主要成本為蒸發所需的 參 熱能，熱效率較高；冷凍脫鹽法，關鍵在於冷;東 效能不如直接加熱式蒸衡法，除非能改善冷凍法 的成本。無論使用非熱處理法或熱處理法，截至 目前，海水淡化所需的成本不低，不利於普遍化 推展。 【發明内容】 經由理論能階分析，一般室溫下的海水，加 熱至蒸發狀態分離鹽分所需加諸的熱量，為冷;東 1303995 結冰後分離鹽分所需移除熱量的6倍，成本關鍵 為熱量外加及熱量移除的工具效能比較。冷康法 ，需配合冷涞壓縮機及幫浦等辅助動力，能量轉 換效率較低，整體的效能不如直接加熱的蒸餾法 。本發明設計，採用吸收式冷凍機為主架構，儘 可能減少周邊支援裝備及輔助動力，提高海水淡 化之成本效能。 • 【實施方式】 茲謹就本發明「吸收式冷凍海水淡化法」的 内容，及其所產生的功效，配合圖式，舉出本案 之較佳實施例詳細說明如下。 / 請參閱「第一圖」所示，海水淡化槽5〇 , 由海水進口 5 1添加適量海水（或鹽水），槽内海 水的高度掩蓋冷媒管5 5，冷媒管内裝填冷媒， 冷媒可為濃鹽水，或添加防凍劑的溶液，以幫浦 3 0做為冷媒流動之辅助動力。冷媒管具有二個 支流’第一個冷凍支流56，整合於吸附式冷凌 機1 0的蒸發器1 4内，提供吸收式冷康冷媒蒸 發時所需的熱量，致使冷媒管第一支流的冷媒^ 於零度以下低溫條件。位於海水淡化槽的冷媒 管’其冷媒溫度低於海水凝固點，並於海水與冷 媒管的接觸表面產生冰結晶凝固，冰結晶為淡 水，或稱為純水，達到分離海水鹽分的目的。在 =斷持續累積冰結晶後，槽内底部的濃鹽水，可 藉由52管口排出。 义元成濃鹽水排放程序後，轉用冷媒管第二個 支流5 7 ,引流冷媒至吸收式冷凍機的冷凝器工 6 1303995 3熱交換器内，吸收冷凝器排放出的熱量，加速 融解海水淡化槽内的冰結晶。此時，可將第二海 水淡化槽的冷凍支流引入冷凍機蒸發器，進行第 二槽冷康分離程序。第一槽融解後的純水，經由 3 5出口排出，完成海水淡化之程序。 本發明設計，以吸收式冷凍機做為海水淡化 冷凍脫鹽的冷凍工具，冷凍機的循環溶液，可為 氨水溶液、溴化鋰溶液等，第一圖所列範例為氨 水溶液之吸收式冷凍機。利用冷凍機蒸發器的低 溫環境，可用於康結海水中的淡水，分離海水中 的鹽分，並藉由冷凍機的冷凝器放出的熱量，加 速融解冰凍的淡水。本項發明亦可簡化為單段冷 凍脫鹽過程，或將冷媒管盤貼於製冰槽外殼，將 製冰槽内的液體冷凍結冰。 吸收式冷凍機所需的熱源4 0，可直接利用 廢熱再生能源、太陽能、地熱等，或藉由生質能、 天然氣等燃料之加熱器，提供吸收式冷凍機操作 所需要之熱源。 本發明設計的成本分析，若採用廢熱、太陽 能或地熱等再生利用能源，可節省熱能的成本； 再者，如以氨水溶液吸收式冷凍機，以氫氣（或氦 氣、氮氣）做為管路蓄壓源氣體，冷凍機的循環運 作幾乎不需外加辅助動力。海水淡化槽與冷凍機 之間的冷媒循環操作，可藉由壓力幫浦做為加速 熱交換的辅助動力0如此設計構造，可將海水淡 化的成本降至最低，達到普及化的目的。 綜上所述，本發明的吸收式冷凍海水淡化 法，且利用再生能源，可有效降低海水淡化成本， 進而使本發明之産生能更實用、更符合使用者之 1303995 所須，確已符合發明專利申請之要件，爰依法提 出專利申請。 惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之吸收式冷凍海 水淡化設計較佳實施例而已，當不能以此限定本 發明實施之範圍；故，凡依本發明申請專利範圍 及發明說明書内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修 飾，皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 1303995 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：係本發明之吸收式冷凍海水淡化設計架 構示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 ίο-一吸收式冷凍機 11 ---發生器 12 ---分離器 13- 一冷凝器 14- 一蒸發器 • 15-—吸收器 21 ---吸收式冷媒蒸汽+水 22 ---吸收式冷媒蒸汽 23 ---吸收式冷媒液體 24 ---吸收式冷媒+氮氣 25- —氫氣 26- —濃吸收溶液 27- —稀吸收溶液 30-一幫浦 40---熱源 鲁 50---海水淡化槽 51 ---海水進口 52 ---濃鹽水出口 53——淡水出口 55- 一冷媒管 56- 一冷凍管路 57- --加溫管路1303995 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The invention relates to absorption type cold; the method for desalination of the east seawater uses the low auxiliary power demand of the absorption type cold camera, and the renewable energy such as waste heat, solar energy and geothermal heat as the heat source, The refrigerant is provided with a cold beam low temperature condition, and the cold water is used to separate the fresh water and the salt in the seawater, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the cost and promoting the popularization of seawater desalination. [Prior Art] φ is most commonly used in seawater desalination methods, and can be classified into non-heat treatment methods and heat treatment methods. Non-heat treatment methods include reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. Reverse osmosis is more suitable for dehydration of domain water and seawater; electrodialysis is only suitable for salt water. The heat treatment method changes the liquid phase to the gas phase (also known as distillation) or solid phase roll-off salt (also known as cold beam method) by heat or phase change, and then returns it to the liquid phase, so that the salt can be obtained. Separate from the water to achieve the purpose of desalination. The main cost of the reverse osmosis method is membrane material and high pressure energy, and the cost of the membrane material must be greatly reduced to facilitate the promotion. The advantages and disadvantages of the distillation method and the cold Kang desalination method, the main cost of the distillation method is the heat energy required for evaporation, and the heat efficiency is high; the key to the freeze desalination method is cold; the east efficiency is not as good as the direct heating steam balance method, unless the freezing method can be improved. the cost of. Regardless of whether non-heat treatment or heat treatment is used, the cost of seawater desalination is not low as of now, which is not conducive to generalization. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the theoretical energy level analysis, the seawater heated at room temperature is heated to the state of evaporation to separate the salt, and the heat added is cold; East 1303995 is 6 times the heat required to separate the salt after icing, the cost The key is the comparison of tool performance for heat addition and heat removal. The cold-cold method needs to cooperate with auxiliary power such as cold heading compressor and pump, and the energy conversion efficiency is low. The overall efficiency is not as good as the direct heating distillation method. The design of the invention adopts an absorption type refrigerator as the main structure, thereby reducing peripheral support equipment and auxiliary power as much as possible, and improving the cost efficiency of seawater desalination. • [Embodiment] The contents of the "absorption chilled seawater desalination method" of the present invention and the effects thereof are described in detail with reference to the drawings, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. / Please refer to the "First Figure", 5 海水 seawater desalination tank, add an appropriate amount of seawater (or brine) from the seawater inlet 5 1 , the height of the seawater in the tank covers the refrigerant tube 5 5, the refrigerant tube is filled with refrigerant, the refrigerant can be thick Brine, or a solution of antifreeze, is used as an auxiliary power for refrigerant flow. The refrigerant pipe has two sub-streams 'the first retentate tributary 56, which is integrated into the evaporator 14 of the adsorption chiller 10 to provide the heat required for the absorption of the chilling refrigerant to evaporate, resulting in the first tributary of the refrigerant pipe. Refrigerant ^ Under low temperature conditions below zero. The refrigerant pipe located in the desalination tank has a refrigerant temperature lower than that of the seawater freezing point, and freeze crystals are formed on the contact surface of the seawater and the refrigerant pipe, and the ice crystallizes into fresh water, or pure water, to achieve the purpose of separating the salt of the seawater. After the ice crystals continue to accumulate in the = break, the concentrated brine at the bottom of the tank can be discharged through the 52 nozzle. After the Yiyuan into a concentrated brine discharge program, the second branch of the refrigerant pipe is used, and the refrigerant is drained to the condenser of the absorption chiller in the heat exchanger 6 1303995 3 to absorb the heat from the condenser and accelerate the melting of the seawater. Desalination of ice crystals in the tank. At this point, the frozen substream of the second seawater desalination tank can be introduced into the freezer evaporator for the second tank cold separation process. The pure water melted in the first tank is discharged through the 35 outlet to complete the desalination process. The invention designs an absorption type freezer as a freezing tool for seawater desalination and freeze desalination, and the circulating solution of the refrigerator can be an ammonia solution or a lithium bromide solution, and the first example is an absorption type freezer for ammonia aqueous solution. Using the low temperature environment of the freezer evaporator, it can be used for fresh water in Kangjie seawater, separating salt from seawater, and accelerating the melting of fresh water by the heat released by the condenser of the freezer. The invention can also be simplified as a single-stage freeze-drying process, or a refrigerant tube can be attached to the ice-making tank casing to freeze and freeze the liquid in the ice-making tank. The heat source 40 required for the absorption chiller can directly use waste heat regeneration energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, etc., or provide a heat source for the operation of the absorption chiller by using a heater such as biomass energy or natural gas. The cost analysis of the design of the present invention can save the cost of heat energy by using waste heat, solar energy or geothermal energy, etc. Further, if the ammonia solution is used in an absorption type freezer, hydrogen (or helium or nitrogen) is used as a pipeline. The accumulator source gas and the recirculating operation of the freezer require almost no additional auxiliary power. The refrigerant circulation operation between the desalination tank and the freezer can be designed by the pressure pump as an auxiliary power for accelerating heat exchange. This minimizes the cost of seawater desalination and achieves universalization. In summary, the absorption type chilled seawater desalination method of the present invention, and the use of the renewable energy source, can effectively reduce the desalination cost of the seawater, thereby making the invention more practical and more suitable for the user's 1303995. For the requirements of the patent application, the patent application is filed according to law. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the absorption chilled seawater desalination design of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto; therefore, the scope of the patent application scope and the description of the invention are simple. Equivalent variations and modifications are still within the scope of the invention. 1303995 [Simple description of the drawings] The first figure is a schematic diagram of the design structure of the absorption chilled seawater desalination of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] ίο- an absorption chiller 11 ---generator 12 --- separator 13 - a condenser 14 - an evaporator • 15- absorber 21 --- absorption refrigerant vapor + Water 22 --- Absorption refrigerant vapor 23 --- Absorption refrigerant liquid 24 --- Absorption refrigerant + Nitrogen 25 - Hydrogen 26 - Concentrated absorption solution 27 - Dilute absorption solution 30 - One pump 40 - - Heat source Lu 50---Seawater desalination tank 51 --- Seawater inlet 52 --- Concentrated brine outlet 53 -- Fresh water outlet 55 - One refrigerant pipe 56 - One refrigeration line 57 - -- Heating pipe