1301691 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係為—驗練£，尤指—種使祕電職絲巾，可使電源 供應器啟動時之切換訊號輸出漸增之脈波寬度的柔性啟動裝置。 【先前技術】 各種的電源供應器已經廣泛地使用來提供穩定調整的輸出電壓。請參 考第-圖，係為習知電源供應器之電路方塊示意圖。習知電源供應器包含 鲁切換式電路30、切換式控制器1〇、輸出電感L、輸出電容q、分壓電阻(由 電阻R,與電阻R2_)、補伽路(由補偷叫無償電容&組成）。該 切換式控彻H)的輸出端㈣輸出—切換職ν_，肋㈣該切換式 電路30中功率開關之切換動作，進而於電源供應器之輸出端得到穩定調整 的輸出電壓V〇。1301691 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention is a test, in particular, a type of magnetic wire towel that allows the switching of the switching signal output when the power supply is started to increase the pulse width. Flexible starter. [Prior Art] Various power supplies have been widely used to provide a stably adjusted output voltage. Please refer to the figure-figure, which is a schematic diagram of the circuit block of the conventional power supply. The conventional power supply includes a switchable circuit 30, a switching controller 1〇, an output inductor L, an output capacitor q, a voltage dividing resistor (by a resistor R, and a resistor R2_), and a complementary gamma circuit (by sneaking a free capacitor) & composition). The output terminal (4) of the switching control H) outputs the switching operation of the power switch in the switching circuit 30, and further obtains a stably adjusted output voltage V〇 at the output end of the power supply.
該切換式控制器10包含比較器162、振盘器168、D型正反器166與 •誤差放大為160。其中振盪器168用以產生鑛齒波電遷ν_，該蘇齒波電 M VSAWT以决疋切換訊號Vp職之切換頻率。誤差放大器⑽的正端連接 至參考電屢、，負端連接至電源供應器之迴授端，係接收回授訊號 〜。誤差放大器鳩係根據參考·ν咖與回授訊號&用以輸出補償訊 唬VC0M比較為I62連接至振盪器湖與誤差放大器⑽，係接收赫波 訊號H«償訊號、，經由比較運算後再透過d型正反_的邏 輯運係輸出切換爾ν_，並決定該切換訊號VpWM 的脈波寬度。 配合第-圖’凊參考第二圖，係為習知電源供應器在啟動瞬間之各點 5 ‘1301691 • 吼號波形示意圖。在電源供應器啟動時，電源供應器之迴授端FB接收到之 回授吼號VFB極小，因此，誤差放大器16〇輸出很大的補償訊號V⑺Μ，比 較益162將很大的補償訊號Vc〇M與鋸齒波電壓Vsaw進行比較運算後，再 透過D型正反器166的邏輯運算，係輸出極大脈波寬度的切換訊號VpwM。 _ 換句話說，在啟動瞬間並且輸出電壓尚未建立的過程中，切換訊號v_的 脈波寬度為最大值，而輸出電壓建立所需之時間越長，將對功率開關造成 很大的電壓與電流應力。 ® 【發明内容】 有鑑於此，本發明一種柔性啟動裝置，使用於電源供應器中，係於電 源供應器啟動時輸出-補償訊號到_脈寬調變控·，該脈寬調變控制器 輸出切換訊脈«度會以漸增之狀態赴，係由初雑逐漸增加到設 定值，並於啟動完成後依據負載狀態予以調整，如此可用來避免功率開關 在開機瞬間造成很大的電壓與電流應力。 Φ 本發類揭示之柔性啟練置’係於電驗應ϋ開機時，使用-第— 電源對-啟動電容輯充電，並紐動電容上建立—參考·;—穩壓單 元之第-輸人端接收-内建參考電壓，第二輸人端連接至第—輸出端與該 啟動電容，該穩料元具有極(open_drain)或開集極(〇pe㈣細)的輪出ζ 結構，使得該啟動電容上之參考電壓得以穩定在内建參考電麼内；—誤差 放大器，其第三輸人端連接該啟動電容與第_輸出端，係接收該參考電壓， 其—第四輸入端連接到電源供應器之回授端，以接收一回授訊號，其—第 二輸出端連接至該脈寬調變控制器，用以輸出該補償訊號…箝位二極體， 1301691 連接至該第四輸人端與該第二輪出端，係於電源供應器啟動時箝制該補償 訊號的電壓準位。 當電源供應II開機_，該第—電源對該啟動電容進行充電係充電到 雜考電壓，使得制償訊號隨著該參考電_緩慢上升而逐漸增加，因 而使仔切換喊的脈波寬度由初始值逐漸增加到設定值。該補償訊號的漸 增可達到柔性啟動的目的。 • 要注意的是，以上的概述與接下來的詳細說明皆為示範性質，是為了 進-步說明本發明的申請專利範圍。而有關本發明的其他目的與優點，將 在後續的說明與圖示加以闡述。 【實施方式】 請參考第三圖，係為本發明柔性啟動裝置使用於電源供應器之電路示 意圖。柔性啟動裝置40係連接於一脈寬調變控制器5〇與電源供應器之回 授端FB。其中回授端FB透過分壓電阻(由電阻Ri與電阻&組成)連接至輸 > 出電壓V〇。 復參考第三圖，本發明柔性啟動裝置4〇包含有一第一電源4〇7、一啟 動電容Css、一穩壓單元4〇6、一誤差放大器4〇2與一箝位二極體4〇4。其 中第一電源407連接至啟動電容Css，並對啟動電容css進行充電，並於該 啟動電谷上建立一參考電壓Vref。穩壓單元4〇6利用其第一輸入端(+)接 收内建參考電壓vR，並第二輸入端㈠連接至第一輸出端與啟動電容Css 以形成一單位增益緩衝器，該穩壓單元406具有開汲極(〇pen_drain)或開集 極(open-colto)的輪出結構，進而將啟動電容Css上之參考電壓穩定在 1301691 内建參考電壓vR之内。 其第四輸入端(—)連接到電源供應器之回授端 ’其第二輸出端連接至脈The switching controller 10 includes a comparator 162, a dialer 168, a D-type flip-flop 166, and an error amplification of 160. The oscillator 168 is used to generate a mineral tooth wave ν_, which is used to determine the switching frequency of the switching signal Vp. The positive terminal of the error amplifier (10) is connected to the reference power, and the negative terminal is connected to the feedback terminal of the power supply, and receives the feedback signal ~. The error amplifier is connected to the oscillator lake and the error amplifier (10) according to the reference ν 咖 and feedback signal & for outputting the compensation signal VC0M, and receives the Herb signal H «compensation signal, after the comparison operation Then, through the logical operation of the d-type positive and negative _, the switching ν_ is determined, and the pulse width of the switching signal VpWM is determined. With reference to the second figure, refer to the second figure, which is the schematic diagram of the conventional power supply at each point of the start-up moment 5 ‘1301691 • 吼. When the power supply is started, the feedback FB VFB received by the feedback terminal FB of the power supply is extremely small. Therefore, the error amplifier 16 〇 outputs a large compensation signal V(7) Μ, and the benefit 162 will have a large compensation signal Vc 〇 M is compared with the sawtooth wave voltage Vsaw, and then the logic operation of the D-type flip-flop 166 is used to output the switching signal VpwM of the maximum pulse width. _ In other words, during the start-up instant and the output voltage has not been established, the pulse width of the switching signal v_ is the maximum value, and the longer the output voltage is established, the greater the voltage will be applied to the power switch. Current stress. In view of the above, a flexible starting device for use in a power supply is output-compensation signal to _ pulse width modulation control when the power supply is started, and the pulse width modulation controller The output switching signal «degree will go in an increasing state, which is gradually increased from the initial state to the set value, and is adjusted according to the load state after the startup is completed. This can be used to avoid the power switch causing a large voltage at the instant of starting. Current stress. Φ The flexible starter disclosed in this class is used when the power is turned on, and the -first-power-on-capacitor is charged, and the new capacitor is built-by-reference; The human terminal receives a built-in reference voltage, and the second input terminal is connected to the first output terminal and the starting capacitor, and the stationary material element has a pole (open_drain) or an open collector (〇pe (four) thin) wheel-out structure, The reference voltage on the starting capacitor is stabilized in the built-in reference power; the error amplifier has a third input terminal connected to the starting capacitor and the first output terminal, and receives the reference voltage, and the fourth input terminal is connected Go to the feedback end of the power supply to receive a feedback signal, and the second output is connected to the pulse width modulation controller for outputting the compensation signal... clamp diode, 1301691 is connected to the first The four input terminals and the second round output end clamp the voltage level of the compensation signal when the power supply is started. When the power supply II is turned on, the first power supply charges the start capacitor to the test voltage, so that the compensation signal gradually increases as the reference power _ slowly rises, thereby causing the pulse width of the switch to be switched by The initial value is gradually increased to the set value. The gradual increase of the compensation signal can achieve the purpose of flexible start. It is to be noted that the above summary and the following detailed description are exemplary in order to further illustrate the scope of the invention. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description and drawings. [Embodiment] Please refer to the third figure, which is a circuit diagram of a flexible starting device of the present invention for use in a power supply. The flexible starting device 40 is connected to a pulse width modulation controller 5A and a feedback end FB of the power supply. The feedback terminal FB is connected to the output voltage V〇 through a voltage dividing resistor (composed of the resistor Ri and the resistor & Referring to the third figure, the flexible starting device 4A of the present invention comprises a first power source 4〇7, a starting capacitor Css, a voltage stabilizing unit 4〇6, an error amplifier 4〇2 and a clamping diode 4〇. 4. The first power source 407 is connected to the starting capacitor Css, and charges the starting capacitor css, and establishes a reference voltage Vref on the starting grid. The voltage stabilizing unit 4〇6 receives the built-in reference voltage vR by using its first input terminal (+), and the second input terminal (1) is connected to the first output terminal and the starting capacitor Css to form a unity gain buffer. The 406 has a turn-on structure (汲pen_drain) or an open-colto (open-colto), which stabilizes the reference voltage on the startup capacitor Css within the 1301691 built-in reference voltage vR. Its fourth input (-) is connected to the feedback end of the power supply, and its second output is connected to the pulse
第-輸出端’係在電職應!I啟動時，用來箝侧償訊號的電壓準位 放大’用以輸出補償訊號vC0M。箝位二 二極體404連接至第四輸入端(一)與 誤差放大裔4〇2之第三輸入端⑴連接至啟動電容Css與第一輸出端The first output terminal is used to output the compensation signal vC0M when the power supply is activated. The clamp diode 404 is connected to the fourth input terminal (1) and the third input terminal (1) of the error amplification source 4〇2 is connected to the start capacitor Css and the first output terminal.
上述說明中，在電源供應器啟動瞬間，誤差放大器4〇2第三輸入端) 接收之多考電壓V·係會隨著啟動電容css上之充電電壓逐漸上升，當其 上升到内建參考電壓Vr時即進入正常狀態。同時該箝位二極體姻係於電 源供應器啟動時箝制誤差放大器402的輸出電壓準位。也就是說，在啟動 瞬間，連接到啟動電容Css的第三輸入端(+ )與連接到電源供應器之回授端 FB的第四輸入端(一），兩者之電壓皆為零伏，透過該箝位二極體4〇4箝制 補償訊號VC0M的電壓準位，使得誤差放大器4〇2的輸出電壓準位之初始值 為該箝位二極體404的導通壓降vF。 假使誤差放大器402的第四輸入端(一)與第二輸出端未加入箝位二極 體404 ’在啟動瞬間，連接到啟動電容css的第三輸入端(+)之電壓為愛伏， 此日守伙電源供應器之回授端FB取得之回授訊號會透過具有電壓增益的亨 差放大裔402進行放大’使得誤差放大器402的第二輸出端輸出之補償訊 號VC0M會很快到達飽和電壓，造成沒有柔性啟動的效果。 復參考第二圖’該第一電源407係為一電流源，用以對該啟動電容cIn the above description, at the instant of power supply startup, the multi-test voltage V received by the error amplifier 4〇2 at the third input terminal gradually rises with the charging voltage on the starting capacitor css, and when it rises to the built-in reference voltage When Vr, it enters the normal state. At the same time, the clamped diode is clamped to the output voltage level of the error amplifier 402 when the power supply is activated. That is, at the instant of startup, the third input (+) connected to the starting capacitor Css and the fourth input (1) connected to the feedback terminal FB of the power supply are both zero volts. The voltage level of the compensation signal VC0M is clamped by the clamp diode 4〇4 such that the initial value of the output voltage level of the error amplifier 4〇2 is the turn-on voltage drop vF of the clamp diode 404. If the fourth input terminal (1) and the second output terminal of the error amplifier 402 are not added to the clamp diode 404', the voltage connected to the third input terminal (+) of the startup capacitor css is Avo, The feedback signal obtained by the feedback terminal FB of the daily squad power supply is amplified by the homogenization amplification 402 with voltage gain, so that the compensation signal VC0M outputted by the second output of the error amplifier 402 quickly reaches the saturation voltage. , resulting in no flexible start effect. Referring to the second figure, the first power source 407 is a current source for the starting capacitor c.
SS 1301691 祕充電電流。在魏供絲啟動_，該啟動電容&的電壓逐漸上升， 該啟動電容css射勒杨電容_減___。較大電容值的啟 動電容QS將增加啟動時間，進而可以降低功率開關的電顯電流額定。因 :，猎由合理的選擇該啟動電容Css的電容值，使得啟動瞬間所造成的延遲 時間能在適當的範圍内。 復參考第二圖，該脈寬調變控制器％包括振蘯器5似、比較器观及 D型正反器5〇6。其中該織器5〇4用以產生一上限為高臨界電壓^、下 限為低臨界電麼Vth]的鋸齒波電壓ν_。比較器5〇2的正端⑴連接至誤 差放大益402的第二輸出端，其負端㈠連接至振盈㈣4，係同時接收比 較運算纖峨v⑽與_舰號，運算絲職制d型正反器 5〇6，透過D型正反請的邏輯運算，係輸出並蚊切換訊號％魏的脈 波寬度。 - 口第一圖’參考第四圖’係為本發明在啟動瞬間之各點訊號波形示 意圖。電源供應器開機時的啟動瞬間，配合啟動電容css的充電，在啟動電 谷css上的參考電壓Vref由零伏開始上升。由於穩壓單元條為單位增益 緩衝杰’該穩壓單元4〇6具有開汲極(〇pen_drain_集極⑽en^邮的輸 出結構’因此參考電壓Vref的最大值會被穩定仙建參考電壓VR。當誤差 大器402的第二輸入端(+)為零伏時，受到箝位二極體4〇4具有箝制電壓 準位的作用，誤差放大器4〇2的第二輸出端被箝位在該箝位二極體4〇4的 ‘通壓降VF(-般約〇·7ν)，此時的導通壓降％仍然低於鋸齒波訊號 的低臨界電壓V™。在此同時，隨著參考電壓VreF的逐漸上升，補償訊號 1301691 vC0M也逐漸增加。在啟動電容css的充電過程中，切換訊號VpwM的脈波寬 度由初始值開始慢慢增加’直到參考電壓VreF達到内建參考電壓vR，此時 的脈波寬度達到設定值，並於啟動完成後依據負載狀態予以調整，因而達 到柔性啟動。 請參考第五圖，係為本發明穩壓單元之電路示意圖。該穩壓單元406 透過第一輸入端( + )、第二輸入端(一)及第一輸出端來與外界電路連接，其 内部包括有由電晶體4061、4062、4063及4064所組成的一差動對輸入放 大器(differential-pair input amplifier)、電流源 4060、電阻 4065、電容 4066 與輸出電晶體4067。其中差動對輸入放大器連接至電流源4〇6〇，並透過第 一輸入端(+ )與第二輸入端(一)接收一差動對輸入訊號，用以產生一輸出訊 號VOUT。輸出電晶體4067之閘極端連接至差動對輸入放大器，係接收該輸 出。凡號vOUT以產生放大訊號，即為該參考電壓v。輸出電晶體概7之 ;及極知連接至該第-輸出端’其源極端連接至接地端。輸出電晶體4067的 私閘極端與汲極端連接有一 RC電路即電阻娜與電容4〇66，用以提供補償 的作用。該輸出電晶體4067的該汲極端連接到該穩壓單元4〇6的第一輸出 端，用以提供開汲極(0降drain)或開集極(〇降·⑷的輸出結構^ 復參考第三圖，其中本發明更包含有第一開關4〇5連接於該啟動電容 广、接&胃電源供應器未提供輸出功率時，根據回授訊號之電壓 準位，用以輸出重置訊號RST以控制第一開關4〇5導通，進而對啟動電容 %、于電X達到啟動重置之目的。另有第二電源桃透過第二開關4〇3 、 a* Css ’係根據第二開關403之切換，用以提供放電電流對啟 1301691 電今SS進行放電。第二開目4〇3之切換係受控於保護訊號p 丁N。當電 原t、應器毛生過功率、短路與過電壓時，根據回授訊號〜之電壓準位， 用以輸出保Ifl^PTN，並對啟動電容Css進行放電，以賴保護之目的。 表丁、上所述’本發明一種柔性啟動裝置，係使用於電源供應器中，並於 電源供應器啟動時輸出補償訊號到脈寬調變控制器，該脈寬調變控制器輸 出切換A姻脈波寬度會崎增之狀態產生，係由初始值逐漸增加到設定 .值並於啟動元成後依據負載狀態予以調整，如此可用來避免功率開關在 開機瞬間造成很大的電壓與電流應力。 惟，以上所述，僅為本發明最佳之一的具體實施例之詳細說明與圖式， 惟本發明之特徵並不侷限於此，並非用以限制本發明，本發明之所有範圍 應以下述之申請專利範圍為準，凡合於本發明申請專利範圍之精神與其類 似變化之實施例，皆應包含於本發明之範疇中，任何熟悉該項技藝者在本 發明之領域内，可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專利範圍。SS 1301691 Charge current. At Wei feed wire start _, the voltage of the start capacitor & gradual rise, the start capacitor css ray Le Yang capacitor _ minus ___. A larger capacitance value of the startup capacitor QS will increase the startup time, which in turn will reduce the electrical display current rating of the power switch. Because: Hunting is a reasonable choice of the capacitance value of the starting capacitor Css, so that the delay time caused by the starting moment can be within an appropriate range. Referring back to the second figure, the pulse width modulation controller % includes a vibrator 5, a comparator view, and a D-type flip-flop 5〇6. The weaving device 5〇4 is used to generate a sawtooth wave voltage ν_ with an upper limit of a high threshold voltage and a lower limit of a low critical voltage Vth]. The positive terminal (1) of the comparator 5〇2 is connected to the second output end of the error amplification benefit 402, and the negative terminal (1) is connected to the vibration (four) 4, which simultaneously receives the comparison operation fiber 峨v(10) and the _ship number, and the operation wire type d-type positive The counter 5〇6, through the logic operation of the D-type positive and negative, is output and the mosquito switches the pulse width of the signal % Wei. - The first diagram of the mouth 'Refer to the fourth diagram' is a schematic representation of the signal waveforms at various points in the instant of the invention. At the instant of startup when the power supply is turned on, in conjunction with the charging of the startup capacitor css, the reference voltage Vref on the startup valley css starts to rise from zero volts. Since the voltage regulator unit is a unity gain buffer, the voltage regulator unit 4〇6 has an open-drain (〇pen_drain_collector (10)en^mail output structure', so the maximum value of the reference voltage Vref is stabilized. When the second input terminal (+) of the error amplifier 402 is zero volts, the clamped diode 4〇4 has a clamping voltage level, and the second output terminal of the error amplifier 4〇2 is clamped at The voltage drop VF of the clamp diode 4〇4 (--about 〇·7ν), the conduction voltage drop % at this time is still lower than the low threshold voltage VTM of the sawtooth wave signal. At the same time, The reference voltage VreF gradually rises, and the compensation signal 1301691 vC0M also gradually increases. During the charging process of the startup capacitor css, the pulse width of the switching signal VpwM gradually increases from the initial value until the reference voltage VreF reaches the built-in reference voltage vR. At this time, the pulse wave width reaches the set value, and is adjusted according to the load state after the startup is completed, thereby achieving flexible start. Please refer to the fifth figure, which is a circuit diagram of the voltage stabilizing unit of the present invention. An input ( + ), The second input end (1) and the first output end are connected to an external circuit, and the internal circuit includes a differential-pair input amplifier and a current composed of transistors 4061, 4062, 4063 and 4064. The source 4060, the resistor 4065, the capacitor 4066, and the output transistor 4067. The differential pair input amplifier is connected to the current source 4〇6〇, and receives a differential through the first input terminal (+) and the second input terminal (1). The input signal is used to generate an output signal VOUT. The gate of the output transistor 4067 is connected to the differential pair input amplifier to receive the output. The number vOUT is used to generate the amplified signal, which is the reference voltage v. It is known that it is connected to the first output terminal whose source terminal is connected to the ground terminal. The private gate of the output transistor 4067 is connected to the 汲 terminal with an RC circuit, that is, a resistor θ and a capacitor 4 〇 66, for providing The function of the compensation. The 汲 terminal of the output transistor 4067 is connected to the first output of the voltage stabilizing unit 〇6 to provide an output of the open drain (0 drop drain) or the open collector (〇 drop · (4) Structure ^ Refer to the third figure, The present invention further includes a first switch 4〇5 connected to the starting capacitor, and the stomach power supply does not provide output power, according to the voltage level of the feedback signal, for outputting the reset signal RST to control The first switch 4〇5 is turned on, and then the start-up capacitor is turned on for the start-up capacitor %, and the second power-switch is switched through the second switch 4〇3, a*Css' according to the second switch 403. The discharge current is used to discharge the 1301691 electric current SS. The switching of the second opening 4〇3 is controlled by the protection signal p D. When the power source t, the generator is overpowered, short-circuited and over-voltage, according to the voltage level of the feedback signal~, it is used to output the protection Ifl^PTN, and discharge the starting capacitor Css for the purpose of protection. The flexible starter of the present invention is used in a power supply device and outputs a compensation signal to a pulse width modulation controller when the power supply is started. The pulse width modulation controller outputs a switch A. The width of the wave width will increase, which is gradually increased from the initial value to the set value. It is adjusted according to the load state after the start-up element. This can be used to avoid the voltage and current stress caused by the power switch at the startup. . However, the above description is only a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the patent application is subject to the scope of the present invention, and any one skilled in the art can easily include it in the field of the present invention. Any changes or modifications considered may be covered by the patents in this case below.
11 1301691 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為習知電源供應器之電路方塊示意圖； 第二圖為習知電源供應器在啟動瞬間之各點訊號波形示意圖； 第三圖為本發明柔性啟動裝置之較佳實施例使用於電源供應器之電路 示意圖； 第四圖為本發明在啟動瞬間之各點訊號波形示意圖；及 | 第五圖為本發明穩壓單元之電路示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10切換式控制器 160誤差放大器 162比較器 166 D型正反器 168振盈器 30切換式電路 40柔性啟動裝置 402誤差放大器 403第二開關 404箝位二極體 405第一開關 406穩壓單元 4060電流源 4061、4062電晶體 4063、4064電晶體 4065電阻 4066電容 4067輸出電晶體 407第一電源 408第二電源 50脈寬調變控制器 502比較器 504振盪器 506 D型正反器 &、R2電阻 R3補償電阻 Ci輸出電容 (：2補償電容 L輸出電感 Css啟動電容 1211 1301691 [Simple description of the diagram] The first diagram is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the conventional power supply; the second diagram is a schematic diagram of the signal waveforms of the conventional power supply at the instant of starting; the third figure is the flexible starting device of the present invention The preferred embodiment is a schematic diagram of a circuit used in a power supply; the fourth figure is a schematic diagram of waveforms of various points at the instant of activation of the present invention; and the fifth diagram is a circuit diagram of a voltage stabilizing unit of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 10 switching controller 160 error amplifier 162 comparator 166 D-type flip-flop 168 oscillator 30 switching circuit 40 flexible starting device 402 error amplifier 403 second switch 404 clamp diode 405 A switch 406 voltage regulator unit 4060 current source 4061, 4062 transistor 4063, 4064 transistor 4065 resistor 4066 capacitor 4067 output transistor 407 first power source 408 second power source 50 pulse width modulation controller 502 comparator 504 oscillator 506 D Type positive and negative device & R2 resistor R3 compensation resistor Ci output capacitor (: 2 compensation capacitor L output inductor Css start capacitor 12