1299640 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 發明領域 概略言之本發明係有關電子燈安定器，特別係有關高 5強度放電燈之電子燈安定器及控制器。 【先前技術】 發明背景 高強度放電(HID)燈多年來用於多項照明用途。典塑實 際上使用四大類HID燈，包括汞蒸氣燈、低壓鈉燈、高壓鈉 10燈及金屬鹵素燈。HID燈比白熱燈及螢光燈有多項優點，但 也有若干相對限制。例如HID燈典型無法瞬間啟動，而需要 一段加熱時間才能達到全照明。此外，HID燈典型發出數種 不同色光’例如水蒸氣燈傾向於帶藍色，而納燈傾向於有 黃色輸出。金屬鹵素燈典型為亮白輸出，對於光品質乃重 15要因素之多項應用用途，以金屬齒素燈為佳。 螢光燈尺寸比HID燈遠更大，有接近瞬間啟動時間及 重新啟動時間。此外螢光燈性能對溫度極為敏感，HID燈可 於多種環境操作，而效能並未顯著降低。 過去，由於金屬鹵素HID燈提供高流明輸出、高效率 20 及優異光品質，故HID燈主控照明市場。典型金屬鹵素HID 燈先前係藉磁安定器驅動，此安定器通常對任何特定應用 並非最佳化。目前金屬鹵素HID照明用途之電子安定器已經 發展出，其可提高HID燈效能及效率，具有可減少維修成本 及能源成本等優異結果。使用電子安定器也允許HID燈以減 1299640 光杈知作。電子安定器也製作成可調節配合燈具使用壽命 期間的環境變化，如此補償於燈具壽命期間來自燈之光輸 出的典型降低。經由補償光輸出的降低，電子安定器可對 丈且竒f卩日守間維持較高一致的亮度水準。如此電子安定器可 5減乂、、、二$更換燈具，同時改良效率，因而減少實現特定應 用所需要的照明裝置總數。 於典型HID燈，點亮器用來啟動燈，點亮器可改良燈 舞咋，簡化燈操作。於先前技術hid燈，需要大開路電壓來 點壳燈，造成高燈電流峰值因數，促成燈壽命的遞減。經 10由設置點亮器，HID燈之電子安定器可於較低電壓操作，而 提供多項優點。例如典型較佳以指定頻率操作HID燈之電子 t疋器’來避免與其它電子設備之干擾，以及改良照明應 用效率。電子安定器也可於燈使用壽命期間維持燈功率於 特疋額定點。於燈使用壽命期間，維持燈功率相當重要， I5燈弧管之固有電壓隨著燈年齡的老化而改變，電子安定器 須可配合調整來維持恆定功率輸出。 通常HID燈具有比螢光燈更高的點亮電壓，典型於峰 至峰測量時係於3 kV之範圍。HID燈一般無燈絲，可避免預 熱燈絲的需求；螢光燈典型須作燈絲預熱。雖然螢光燈之 2〇電子安定器典型係於30至50 kHz操作，但HID燈由於聲學共 振問題，係於避開此頻率範圍操作，聲學共振可能導致燈 具的損傷與故障。如此HID燈通常係於低頻典型為數百赫茲 之頻率操作。於此等低頻範圍，全電橋開關電路用來以方 波驅動HID燈而無共振輸出電路。實現良好HID電子安定器 1299640 設計也包括當嘗試點亮熱hid燈時處理高點亮電壓之設計 挑戰。此種情況下，點亮電壓可能升高至約25 kV電壓，如 此高電壓為電子安定器難以掌控。1299640 IX. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to electronic lamp ballasts, and more particularly to electronic lamp ballasts and controllers for high-intensity discharge lamps. [Prior Art] Background of the Invention High intensity discharge (HID) lamps have been used for many lighting applications for many years. In fact, four types of HID lamps are used, including mercury vapor lamps, low pressure sodium lamps, high pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps. HID lamps have several advantages over incandescent and fluorescent lamps, but there are several relative limitations. For example, HID lamps typically do not start up instantaneously, and require a period of heating to achieve full illumination. In addition, HID lamps typically emit several different shades of light. For example, a water vapor lamp tends to be bluish, while a nano lamp tends to have a yellow output. Metal halide lamps are typically bright white output, and metal gull lamps are preferred for a variety of applications where light quality is a factor of 15. Fluorescent lamps are much larger than HID lamps, with near-instantaneous start-up times and restart times. In addition, the performance of the fluorescent lamp is extremely sensitive to temperature, and the HID lamp can be operated in a variety of environments without significantly reducing the performance. In the past, HID lamps dominated the lighting market due to the high lumen output, high efficiency 20 and excellent light quality of metal halide HID lamps. Typical metal halide HID lamps were previously driven by magnetic ballasts, which are typically not optimized for any particular application. At present, electronic ballasts for metal halogen HID lighting applications have been developed, which can improve the efficiency and efficiency of HID lamps, and have excellent results such as reducing maintenance costs and energy costs. The use of an electronic ballast also allows the HID lamp to be known for subtracting 1299640 light. The electronic ballast is also made to adjust to the environmental changes during the life of the luminaire, thus compensating for the typical reduction in light output from the lamp during the life of the luminaire. By compensating for the reduction in light output, the electronic ballast maintains a consistently high brightness level for both 守 and 守. Thus, the electronic ballast can replace the luminaires by reducing the 乂, 、, 、, and at the same time improving the efficiency, thereby reducing the total number of luminaires required to achieve a particular application. For typical HID lamps, the illuminator is used to activate the lamp, and the illuminator can improve the lamp maiko to simplify lamp operation. In the prior art hid lamp, a large open circuit voltage is required to point the lamp, resulting in a high lamp current crest factor, which contributes to the diminishing lamp life. By setting the illuminator via 10, the electronic ballast of the HID lamp can operate at a lower voltage, providing a number of advantages. For example, it is typical to operate the electronic t-lamp of the HID lamp at a specified frequency to avoid interference with other electronic devices and to improve the efficiency of lighting applications. The electronic ballast also maintains the lamp power at a characteristic rating during the life of the lamp. Maintaining lamp power during lamp life is important. The inherent voltage of the I5 lamp arc tube changes as the lamp ages. The electronic ballast must be adjusted to maintain a constant power output. Typically, HID lamps have a higher lighting voltage than fluorescent lamps, typically ranging from 3 kV to peak-to-peak measurements. HID lamps generally have no filaments to avoid the need for preheating filaments; fluorescent lamps typically require filament preheating. Although the fluorescent lamp's 2 〇 electronic ballast is typically operated at 30 to 50 kHz, the HID lamp is operated away from this frequency range due to acoustic resonance problems, which may cause damage and malfunction of the lamp. Such HID lamps are typically operated at frequencies that are typically low frequencies of hundreds of hertz. In these low frequency ranges, the full bridge switching circuit is used to drive the HID lamp in a square wave without a resonant output circuit. Achieving a Good HID Electronic Ballast The 1299640 design also includes design challenges for handling high lighting voltages when attempting to illuminate a hot hid. In this case, the lighting voltage may rise to about 25 kV, which is difficult for the electronic ballast to control.
電子安定器較佳掌控之另一項設計標準為功率因數校 5正(PFC)。典型連結至線輸入之功率轉換器理想上須可彼此 同相位汲取電流及電壓，讓功率轉換器之負載呈現對電源 線之輸入有純粹電阻負載。高功率因數(例如接近丄之因數） 指示電源線輸入之負載趨近於電阻負載特徵。需要一單位 功率因數來避免電容阻抗或電導阻抗，其可能損害電源線 10輸入供給其它連結至電源線之裝置之輸入品質。如此，HID 安定器須可提供功率因數校正，來避免電源線輸入之過大 阻抗。 經常情況為電子安定器設計來滿足前述設計挑戰，電 子安定器係以多個組成元件及積體電路實現，控制電子安 15定器來提供適當操作。例如用來操作HID燈之全電橋各邊典 型有其本身之驅動器積體電路1C，另一 1(：係用作為功率因 數校正控制器。又有其它IC常用來對電子安定器之整體操 作提供系統控制，包括驅動開關以及獲得回授。希望獲得 -種HID燈之電子安定H，其具有簡單構造，較少組成元件 20數目，來改良電子安定器效率及降低成本。 【發明内容】 發明概要 根據本發明之較佳具體例’提供一種單一積體電路來 提供燈電子安定器之全部控制信號。㈣ic提供間信號 1299640 、及Μ特定操作範圍間之匯流排電壓。也可利用輸送 至hid燈之使用者可選擇功率之輸入設定值。 々述及，、色係於後文說明結合附圖研讀來描述其 進一步細節。 5 圖式簡單說明 將參照附圖說明本發明之進一步細節，附圖中： 第1圖為方塊圖’顯示根據本發明之電路之整體组織結 構； 第2圖為線圖，顯示根據本發明之電子安定器，於交流 1〇電源線輸入電壓半週期期間之電感器電流； 第3圖為根據本發明之電子安定器之電路圖； 第4圖為根據本發明使用控制ICkHID燈之電子安定 器之電路圖；以及 第5圖為方塊圖，顯示習知電子安定器之整體組織結 15 構。 【實施方式】 較佳實施例之詳細說明 現在參照第1圖，本發明以方塊圖15舉例說明，此處電 子女疋為係由二階段組成，亦即降壓升壓輸入階段π及全 20電橋輸出階段12組成。全電橋輸出階段12係由交換器 Μ1-Μ4組成，其係於約200赫茲頻率開關，來避免前文討論 之聲學共振問題。於不同階段10及12之參數係由控制1(： 14 所感測與控制。控制1C 14提供閘信號，控制於全電橋輸出 階段12用來驅動HID燈之開關Μ1-Μ4。控制1C 14提供單晶 1299640 片控制解決之道，於全電橋輸出階段12驅動HID燈，同時也 k制降壓升壓輸入階段i 〇來獲得高功率因數及經過調節之 直流匯流排。 降壓升壓輸入階段10包括開關S1用於操作階段12作為 5降壓/升壓轉換器。控制1C 14提供閘控信號，控制開關S1 及降壓升壓輸入階段1〇，來汲取與輸入電壓同相位之正弦 輸入电流，俾獲得高功率因數。降壓升壓輸入階段1〇係於 關鍵傳導模操作，俾汲取適當輸入電流，同時調節直流匯 流排電壓，故可維持恆定燈功率。 10 控制1C 14接收多個來自降壓升壓輸入階段1〇及全電 橋輸出階段12之回授信號，來控制此等階段，且偵測電子 安定1§或燈具之故障。例如控制IC14感測全電橋輸出階段 12之電流，決定是否存在有過流情況，過流情況可能來自 於燈的拔除或故障。控制IC 14也提供對電子燈安定器及 15 hid燈之保護，例如於電壓不足操作情況下之保護，或當非 蓄意熄滅燈，例如當電壓不足情況下燈熄滅而必須重新點 亮燈時，保護燈具。控制1C 14提供計時器電路，當燈具被 非蓄意熄滅時，計時器電路較佳對重新點亮燈具之點亮脈 衝間產生一個5分鐘的等候時間。5分鐘等候期允許燈冷卻 20 ，同時避免需要於熱條件下重新點亮燈之高電壓。 控制1C 14也感測降壓升壓輸入階段1〇之情況，決定電 感器電流與匯流排電壓之零交越點，故例如可調節匯流排 電壓。控制1C 14係基於降壓升壓輸入階段1〇之電感器電流 之令父越來開關開關S1，俾提供pfc，讓電子安定器趨近 1299640 於電源線輸入之純電阻負載的出現。控制IC 14也包括燈功 率輸入，故可維持經過程式規劃之燈功率。燈電流及電壓 係由控制1C 14感測，故匯流排電壓可以名目匯流排電壓值 調節來獲得燈之期望功率。 5 控制1C 14組合降壓升壓功率轉換器，提供電子安定器 而實現多項優點。600伏特全電橋驅動器功能結合於控制1C 14，供於約200赫茲（舉例)操作。控制1C 14也提供800伏特 降壓升壓驅動器用於降壓升壓輸入階段10之降壓/升壓轉 換器開關。控制1C 14有回授控制迴路來提供PFC，同時調 10節匯流排電壓來控制燈功率。控制1C 14之計時電路允許當 未點亮時或當燈熄滅時，再度嘗試點亮順序，該順序間有 時間間隔來允許燈冷卻。結合該計時電路，於控制IC 14測 定之設定次數點亮失敗後，電子安定器關閉。控制IC 14也 提供電子安定器啟動之可程式特色，故使用者可對電子安 15定器設定啟動順序。控制1C 14也提供多項故障偵測特色及 故障保護特色，包括無法點亮燈、錯過燈保護、燈壽命終 點保護、及功能異常燈保護。控制IC 14也保護避免内部熱 極限電路過熱。控制1C 14也提供微功率啟動，來於高功率 開關之前初始化電路操作。微功率特色也可用於錯誤情況 ’此處希望有於操作模之電路，而無需開關於全電橋之開 關。此外，控制1C 14具有閂鎖免疫特色來防止閂鎖，具有 ESD保護來防止因靜電放電而受損。 參照第5圖所示習知HID電子安定器之瞬間，第$圖為 略圖50，顯示三階段解決之道。習知解決之道提供升二輸 11 1299640 入階段52、降壓中間階段54及全電橋輸出階段56。略圖50 所示習知電路包括電感器LPFC及開關SPFC於升壓輸入階 段52,包括電感器LCC及開關SCC於降壓中間階段54,以及 包括四開關M1-M4於全電橋輸出階段56。此外，略圖50實 5 現之電路包括多種其它支援元件，其可用於階段52、54及 56之各個階段發揮回授功能及控制功能。升壓輸入階段52 於電源線輸入，及提供調節後之直流匯流排電壓。 降壓中間階段54對全電橋輸出階段56提供燈功率之控制。 全電橋輸出階段56對HID燈提供前置點亮、點亮及運轉操作 10控制。於習知略圖50之解決之道，獨立控制電路％、55及 57分別控制各個階段52、54及56。控制電路53感測於升壓 輸入階段52之條件，且根據維持高功率因數及調節後之直 μ匯流排電壓來操作開關spFC。控制電路％感測於降壓中 間階段54及全電橋輸出階段56之參數，且對開關scc提供 15降壓中間階段54電流控制之控制。控制電路57感測於全電 橋輸出階段56之條件，根據特定設計目的例如為怔功率模 ’操作開關M1-M4來驅動HID燈。 再度參照第1圖，略圖15之電路包括降壓升壓輸入階段 10及全電橋輸㈣段12，此處降壓升壓輸人階㈣提供習 2〇知電子安定器之分開升壓階段及降壓階段的全部功能’。'此 外，降壓升壓輸入階段10及全電橋輪出階段u係藉翠一控 制電路控制，該單一控制電路可以單一控制ic Μ實現 制1c 14於階段10及12對切換開關S1及開關M1_M4提供2 部感測操作與控制操作。當實現本發明時，降塵升壓輪入 12 1299640 ^又10包括單一電感器L1及單-開關si來於降壓升壓輸入 ^#又10貫現全部期望功能。經由將多個習知輸入階段統一 成為降壓升麼輸入階段10，本發明提供以更少組成元件以 及對應減少其它用來感測與控制電子安定器之組成元件， 5更有效實現電子安定器。 現在筝照第2圖，輸入電流波形顯示於線圖20。電流波 尖通常係在輸入電壓波形相關封套之後，來獲得高功率因 數，低總禮波失真。此種波形係經由降壓升壓輸入階段1〇 之操作而達成，容後詳述。 現在參第3圖，根據本發明於HID電子安定器實現降 壓/升壓轉換為之拓樸學及控制電路概略顯示為電路3〇。電 路30顯示暗線載有高功率，顯示電阻-rl〇ad替代開關全 電橋及HID燈供舉例說明之用。感測信號及控制信號係以淺 色實線表示。電子安定器電路對燈具提供前置點亮、點亮 15 、運轉、故障保護及壽命終點保護等控制。根據本發明之 降壓/升壓轉換器提供PFC用於電源線輸入，提供調節後之 電壓給燈輸出階段，於略圖3〇顯示為電阻器RL〇AD供討論 說明目的。降壓升壓階段32包括開關31連結於交流整流電 源線輸入之正節點與電感器以間。電感器以係連結於開關 20 與父流整流電源線輸入之負節點間。二極體pi係設置於 降壓升壓階段32,由陰極連結至電感器，陽極連結至直流 匯流排電容器C1之負節點。直流匯流排電容器（^係設置於 降壓/升壓轉換器階段32,其負節點係連結至二極體D1之陽 極，以及正節點係連結至交流整流電源線輸入之負節點。 13 1299640 降壓/升壓轉換器階段32係藉開_操作，來於適當時 間充包電感裔L1，允5午電感器UA電而功能電能給電阻器 RLOAD及電容器C1。當開關S1為關時，或於導通態時，電 感器L1A連結跨交流整流輸入之正節點與貞㈣， 5電感器L1A之電流開始以線性方式增高。當開㈣為導通 ㈣’ 一極體D1遮斷電流流入直流匯流排電容器以。當來 自電感器L1A之電流達到指定值，如開關51之_寺間決定 的指定值時，開關si為斷路或變成非導通態，電感器lia 變成跨直流匯流排電容器C1連結。儲存於電感器UA之電 10流係以線性方式放電，流入直流匯流排電容器（^之正節點 ，故直流匯流排電容器C1之電壓增高。二極體]〇1於開關si 之off時間，允許電流流於直流匯流排電容器〇1與電感器 L1A間，故直流匯流排電容器ci之正節點電壓相對於直流 匯流排電容器C1之負節點升高。開關sli〇ff時間係由流經 15電感器L1A之電流放電成為零所掌控，於該點，開關81導 通，且開始開關S1之新週期循環。此種開關及能量移轉週 期循環連續重複通過開關S1之操作，來達成降壓/升壓轉換 器之設計目標。例如直流匯流排電壓位準決定開關81之仙 時間，來獲得調節後之直流匯流排電壓。若直流匯流排電 20壓降至低於預定位準，則開關S1之on時間延長，來經由電 感器L1A的電流充電’供給額外電流給直流匯流排電容器 C1。供給直流匯流排電容器C1之電流愈多，則電荷以及直 流匯流排電壓位準愈高。若直流匯流排電壓升高至高於預 定位準’則開關S1之on時間縮短來經由電感器Ll A供給較 14 1299640 少電流給直流匯流排電容器Cl，藉此降低直流匯流排電 歷。 降壓/升壓轉換器階段32操作之另一項重要方面為控 制輸出功率。輸出功率對於掌控HID燈於不同操作模之操作 5相§重要。於前置點亮及點亮期間，例如直流匯流排被調 整至某個電壓位準，讓點亮電路可跨燈供給足量電壓，例 如5千伏特來點壳燈以及建立燈電弧。一旦燈被點亮，於燈 之最初加熱時段期間，直流匯流排電壓由燈電壓測得降至 約20伏特。此外，於此點亮期期間，燈耗用約2安培電力。 10經數分鐘後當燈加熱時，直流匯流排電壓達到約1〇〇伏特之 穩悲值，當耗用約4〇〇歐姆安培電流。由於Hm燈之全部此 等不同操作模，高度希望作恆定輸出功率調節。 輸出功率調節至恆定位準係於降壓/升壓轉換器階段 32提供’其提供方式係經由電阻器RSENSE獲得負載電流感 15測值，以及經由電阻器RB1及RB2組成之分壓器網路獲得直 流匯流排電壓值來提供。匯流排電壓及負載電流相乘，來 以乘法器電路晶片34獲得功率值。結果所得回授功率值經 放大’例如經由運算放大器增益電路35之101^電阻器與1尺 电阻為之比，而放大1〇因數。運算放大器增益電路35之輸 2〇出么、、、、6 ‘準組配結構之回授運算放大器電路36，電路36係 由運算放大器、電位計及電容器C2組成。標準回授運算放 大器電路36對固定4伏特臨限值37調節輸出功率，來提供調 節直流匯流排電壓之補償信號。如此標準回授運算放大器 電路36之輸出供給控制1(：： 382C〇mp接腳。當輸出功率增 15 1299640 減南於或低於4伏特臨限值37時，運算放大器電路％適當修 改COMP接腳之信號，故控制忙38ipFC輸出接腳之⑽時 間增減來維持恒定功率。例如若功率下降，則pFC輸出接腳 仍唬提供之on時間延長，故經電感器UA輸送給電阻器 5 RL〇AD之電流增高。若輸送功率傾向於增高，則基於供給 COMP接腳之值，on時間開關“縮短，故輸送至負載隨後 輸送至電容器C1之電流減少。 降壓/升壓轉換器之回授與控制之簡單組配結構，允許 以少數組成元件及信號來作強勁控制。降壓/升壓轉換器階 10段32實現高PFC，同時維持良好直流匯流排電壓調節。感測 匯流排電壓與調節開關011時間之回授迴路較佳回應時間縮 短，故充放電電感器電流遵循一封套，該封套具有實質上 與交流輸入線電壓相同的形狀。經由提供適當回授迴路速 度，可維持鬲功率因數，同時獲得低總譜波失真(THD)。 15 經由二次繞組電感器lib偵測通過二次繞組電感器 [1丑之％感态電流供回授目的。當各個充放電週期，電感器 電流放電為零時，來自電感器L1B之電流耦合至ζχ接腳供 發訊。於控制1C 38内部之PFC控制電路提供全部涉及於接 腳ZX、COMP、VBUS及PFC之功能，來對降壓/升壓轉換器 20階段32提供PFC控制。由於降壓/升壓轉換器之簡化操作， 貫質上類似用於升壓型轉換器之控制方法可應用於降壓/ 升壓轉換器階段32。 開關S1信號提供於控制1C 38接腳PFC，來於降壓/升壓 轉換器階段32實現PFC及匯流排電壓調節。但開關81較佳 16 1299640 並未參照控制IC 38之COMP，故信號位準遷移用來對基於 接腳PFC之#號’對開關S1提供閘控信號。如此位準遷移ic 39用來將閘來源遷移至來源控制電壓、遷移至開關S1來源 。換吕之，位準遷移1C 39可升高開關si閘信號之適當位準 5 ，’開關控制係由控制1C 38之接腳PFC信號所提供。 於略圖30，HID燈及全電橋模擬電阻lRL〇AD。模擬 時，電阻器RLOAD設定至低值，來模擬最初點亮後加熱期 期間之HID燈。RLOAD值調整至穩態條件之較高值，來模 擬於全電橋電路HID燈之正常運轉操作。略圖3〇之電路於電 ίο路改變時提供恆定功率給電阻器RL〇AD，同時模擬聰燈 之不同操作模。 再度參照第2圖，線圖20顯示所示交流電源線輸入電壓 1/2週期之電感器電流波形。於主輸人電壓之週期操作期間 ’隨著整流交流電親輸人電壓的增減，開關㈣換來造 5成電々,L充放龟電感為L1A(第3圖）。開關S1之各個週期獲得 電流波形，該波形為三角形，尖峰係根據交流輸入電壓位 準增減。換言之交流輸入電壓位準對電感器電流波形之三 角形尖端形成封套。開關81之〇11時間於週期過程維持相: =定，而開關81之。辦間係由電感器UA之電流由尖峰; 20流值放電至零所耗用時間決定。因尖峰電流值隨輪入電^ 位準而、減，開關S1之0ff時間於輸入電壓週期過程改變。 根據此項組配結構，電感器電流頻率為可變且可自由運轉 ’最低頻率係於輸人電壓半生期尖峰獲得，最高頻率出現 於接近輸入電壓之零交越。於各個電感器充放電週期，電 17 1299640 感裔電流放電為零，降壓/升壓轉換器階段32於臨界傳導模 操作，形成連續傳導模與非連續傳導模間之邊界。 現在參照第4圖，電路圖40顯示以輸入降壓/升壓轉換 器44及全電橋輸出階段46控制電子安定器之解決之道。根 5據略圖40之電路提供之解決之道，單一控制IC42提供電子 安定器控制，控制IC42經由接收全部感測信號及輸送全部 控制信號於電子安定器而提供控制。如此降壓/升壓轉換器 44係以提供於接腳ZX之零交越信號、提供於接腳c〇Mp之 調節信號、提供於接腳VBUS之匯流排電壓信號、及接腳 10 HOBB提供之閘信號控制。四個信號提供降壓/升壓轉換器 44之完整控制組配結構，供給調節後之直流功率給開關 M1-M4及HID燈組成之全電橋電路46,同時對燈功率調節 提供高功率因數及電流控制。控制1C 42提供位穩遷移後之 閘信號，經接腳VBBB及VSBB驅動降壓/升壓轉換器44之開 15關S1，故無需額外電路來以接腳HOBB提供之閘信號操作開 關Sl〇 控制1C 42包括燈功率輸入於接腳PLAMP，用於程式規 劃預定燈功率。經由適當設定連結至接腳PLA]V[p之電阻器 ’供給HID燈之功率可被調節為恆定值。 20 操作HID燈點亮器之點亮信號提供於接腳LOIGN，來Another design standard for better control of electronic ballasts is Power Factor Correction (PFC). A typical power converter that is connected to the line input is ideally capable of drawing current and voltage in phase with each other, so that the load of the power converter presents a purely resistive load to the input of the power line. A high power factor (eg, a factor close to 丄) indicates that the load on the power line input is approaching the resistive load characteristic. A unit power factor is required to avoid capacitive impedance or conductance impedance, which may compromise the input quality of the power line 10 input to other devices connected to the power line. As such, the HID ballast must provide power factor correction to avoid excessive impedance of the power line input. It is often the case that electronic ballasts are designed to meet the aforementioned design challenges. Electronic ballasts are implemented with multiple components and integrated circuits that control the electronic safety device to provide proper operation. For example, each side of the full bridge used to operate the HID lamp typically has its own driver integrated circuit 1C, and the other 1 (: is used as a power factor correction controller. Other ICs are commonly used to operate the electronic ballast as a whole. Providing system control, including driving the switch and obtaining feedback. It is desirable to obtain an electronic stability H of the HID lamp, which has a simple configuration and a small number of components 20 to improve the efficiency of the electronic ballast and reduce the cost. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a single integrated circuit is provided to provide all of the control signals of the lamp electronic ballast. (4) The ic provides an inter-signal signal 1299640, and a busbar voltage between the specific operating ranges. It can also be used to deliver to hid. The user of the lamp can select the input setting value of the power. The details of the present invention will be described later with reference to the accompanying drawings. 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further details of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a block diagram 'showing the overall organization of the circuit according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a line diagram showing The electronic ballast is an inductor current during an input voltage half cycle of the AC power line; FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the electronic ballast according to the present invention; and FIG. 4 is an electronic ballast using the control ICkHID lamp according to the present invention. Figure 5 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a conventional electronic ballast. [Embodiment] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to Figure 1, the present invention is illustrated by block diagram 15, Here, the electronic son-in-law is composed of two stages, namely, the step-down boost input stage π and the full 20 bridge output stage 12. The full bridge output stage 12 is composed of switches Μ1-Μ4, which are tied to 200 Hz frequency switch to avoid the acoustic resonance problem discussed above. The parameters of the different stages 10 and 12 are controlled by 1 (: 14 sense and control. Control 1C 14 provides the gate signal, controlled by the full bridge output stage 12 To drive the HID lamp switch Μ1-Μ4. Control 1C 14 provides single crystal 1299640 chip control solution, drive HID lamp in the full bridge output stage 12, and also k-buck boost input stage i 〇 High power factor and regulated DC bus. Buck boost input stage 10 includes switch S1 for operation phase 12 as a 5 buck/boost converter. Control 1C 14 provides gating signals, control switch S1 and down Pressurize the input stage 1〇 to draw the sinusoidal input current in phase with the input voltage, and obtain a high power factor. The step-down boost input stage is connected to the critical conduction mode operation, draws the appropriate input current, and regulates the DC. The bus voltage is maintained so that the constant lamp power can be maintained. 10 Control 1C 14 receives multiple feedback signals from step-down boost input stage 1 and full bridge output stage 12 to control these phases and detect electronic stability. 1 § or malfunction of the luminaire. For example, the control IC 14 senses the current of the full bridge output stage 12 to determine whether there is an overcurrent condition, which may result from the removal or failure of the lamp. The control IC 14 also provides protection for the electronic lamp ballast and the 15 hid lamp, for example in the case of under-voltage operation, or when the lamp is not intentionally extinguished, for example, when the lamp is extinguished when the voltage is insufficient and the lamp must be re-ignited, Protect the luminaire. Control 1C 14 provides a timer circuit that, when the luminaire is unintentionally extinguished, preferably produces a 5 minute wait time between the illuminating pulses of the relighted luminaire. The 5 minute waiting period allows the lamp to cool 20 while avoiding the need to re-light the high voltage of the lamp under hot conditions. The control 1C 14 also senses the buck boost input phase 1 , and determines the zero crossing point of the inductor current and the bus bar voltage, so for example, the bus bar voltage can be adjusted. Control 1C 14 is based on the inductor current of the buck boost input stage. The parent switch switch S1, p provides pfc, and the electronic ballast approaches the 1299640 pure resistance load at the input of the power line. The control IC 14 also includes a lamp power input so that the programmed lamp power can be maintained. The lamp current and voltage are sensed by the control 1C 14 so that the bus voltage can be adjusted by the nominal bus voltage value to obtain the desired power of the lamp. 5 Controls the 1C 14 combined buck boost power converter with an electronic ballast for several advantages. The 600 volt full bridge driver function is combined with the control 1C 14 for about 200 Hz (for example) operation. Control 1C 14 also provides an 800 volt buck boost driver for buck boost input stage 10 buck/boost converter switch. The control 1C 14 has a feedback control loop to provide the PFC and adjusts the bus voltage to 10 to control the lamp power. The timing circuit that controls 1C 14 allows the lighting sequence to be attempted again when not illuminated or when the light is extinguished, with a time interval between the sequences to allow the lamp to cool. In conjunction with the timing circuit, the electronic ballast is turned off after the set number of times measured by the control IC 14 fails to light up. The control IC 14 also provides a programmable feature for the electronic ballast to activate, so the user can set the startup sequence for the electronic safety device. Control 1C 14 also offers a number of fault detection features and fault protection features, including the inability to illuminate the lights, miss lamp protection, lamp end of life protection, and malfunctioning lamp protection. The control IC 14 also protects against overheating of the internal thermal limit circuit. Control 1C 14 also provides micropower startup to initialize circuit operation prior to high power switching. The micropower feature can also be used for error conditions. Here, it is desirable to have a circuit that operates the mode without switching to the full bridge switch. In addition, the control 1C 14 has a latch-up immune feature to prevent latch-up and ESD protection to prevent damage due to electrostatic discharge. Referring to the instant of the conventional HID electronic ballast shown in Fig. 5, the figure $ is a thumbnail 50 showing the three-stage solution. The conventional solution provides a two-input 11 1299640 into phase 52, a buck intermediate phase 54 and a full bridge output phase 56. The conventional circuit shown in FIG. 50 includes an inductor LPFC and a switch SPFC at the boost input stage 52, including an inductor LCC and a switch SCC in the buck intermediate stage 54, and a four-switch M1-M4 in the full bridge output stage 56. In addition, the circuit of Figure 50 includes a variety of other support components that can be used for the feedback and control functions of stages 52, 54 and 56. The boost input stage 52 is input to the power line and provides an adjusted DC bus voltage. The buck intermediate stage 54 provides control of lamp power to the full bridge output stage 56. The full bridge output stage 56 provides control of the front lighting, lighting, and operation operations of the HID lamp. In the solution of the conventional diagram 50, the independent control circuits %, 55 and 57 control the respective stages 52, 54 and 56, respectively. Control circuit 53 senses the conditions of boost input stage 52 and operates switch spFC in accordance with maintaining a high power factor and the adjusted direct bus voltage. The control circuit % senses the parameters of the buck intermediate phase 54 and the full bridge output phase 56, and provides control of the buck intermediate phase 54 current control to the switch scc. The control circuit 57 senses the conditions of the full bridge output stage 56, and drives the HID lamp according to a particular design purpose, such as the 怔 power mode operation switches M1-M4. Referring again to Figure 1, the circuit of Figure 15 includes a buck boost input stage 10 and an all-bridge transfer (four) segment 12, where the buck boost input stage (4) provides a separate boost stage of the Xi 2 electronically settler. And all the functions of the buck phase'. 'In addition, the step-down boost input stage 10 and the full bridge wheel-out stage u are controlled by the control circuit of the Cui-Cui, the single control circuit can be controlled by a single ic Μ 1c 14 in the stage 10 and 12 pairs of switches S1 and switches The M1_M4 provides 2 sensing operations and control operations. When implementing the present invention, the dust reduction boosting wheel 12 1299640 ^ 10 includes a single inductor L1 and a single-switch si for the buck boost input ^ # 10 to achieve all of the desired functions. By unifying a plurality of conventional input stages into a step-down input stage 10, the present invention provides a more efficient implementation of an electronic ballast with fewer components and corresponding reduction of other components used to sense and control the electronic ballast. . Now in the second picture of the Zheng, the input current waveform is shown in line 20. The current tip is usually after the input voltage waveform related envelope to obtain high power factor and low total ripple distortion. This waveform is achieved by the operation of the buck boost input stage 1〇 and will be described in detail later. Referring now to Figure 3, the topology and control circuit of the HID electronic ballast is shown in Figure 3 as a circuit. Circuit 30 shows that the dark line carries high power, and the display resistor - rl〇ad replaces the switch full bridge and HID lamp for illustrative purposes. The sensing signal and the control signal are indicated by light solid lines. The electronic ballast circuit provides front lighting, lighting, operation, fault protection and end-of-life protection for the luminaire. The buck/boost converter according to the present invention provides a PFC for the power line input and provides an adjusted voltage to the lamp output stage, which is shown in Figure 3 for the resistor RL〇AD for discussion purposes. The buck boost stage 32 includes a switch 31 coupled between the positive node of the AC rectified power line input and the inductor. The inductor is coupled between the switch 20 and the negative node of the parent current rectified power line input. The diode pi is placed in the buck boost stage 32, connected to the inductor by the cathode, and connected to the negative node of the DC bus capacitor C1. The DC bus capacitor (the system is set in the buck/boost converter stage 32, the negative node is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the positive node is connected to the negative node of the AC rectified power line input. 13 1299640 The voltage/boost converter stage 32 is operated by the _ operation to charge the inductor L1 at an appropriate time, allowing the inductor UA to be energized and the functional power to the resistor RLOAD and the capacitor C1. When the switch S1 is off, or In the on state, the inductor L1A is connected to the positive node and the 贞 (4) across the AC rectified input, and the current of the 5 inductor L1A starts to increase linearly. When the (4) is turned on (4), the one D1 interrupts the current and flows into the DC bus. Capacitor: When the current from the inductor L1A reaches a specified value, such as the specified value determined by the switch 51, the switch si is open or becomes non-conductive, and the inductor lia becomes connected across the DC bus capacitor C1. The electric 10 flow system of the inductor UA is discharged in a linear manner and flows into the DC busbar capacitor (the positive node of the ^, so the voltage of the DC bus capacitor C1 increases. The diode] 〇1 is off time of the switch si, The current flows between the DC bus capacitor 〇1 and the inductor L1A, so the positive node voltage of the DC bus capacitor ci rises relative to the negative node of the DC bus capacitor C1. The switch sli〇ff time flows through the 15 inductor The current discharge of L1A is controlled by zero, at which point switch 81 is turned on and a new cycle of switch S1 is started. This switch and the energy transfer cycle are continuously repeated through the operation of switch S1 to achieve buck/boost. The design goal of the converter, for example, the DC bus voltage level determines the time of the switch 81 to obtain the adjusted DC bus voltage. If the DC bus 20 voltage drops below a predetermined level, the switch S1 is on. The time is extended to supply additional current to the DC bus capacitor C1 via the current charging of the inductor L1A. The more current supplied to the DC bus capacitor C1, the higher the charge and the DC bus voltage level. If the DC bus voltage Raising above the predetermined level', the on-time of the switch S1 is shortened to supply less current to the DC bus capacitor C1 via the inductor L1 A than 14 1299640. This reduces the DC bus count. Another important aspect of the buck/boost converter stage 32 operation is the control of the output power. The output power is important for controlling the operation of the HID lamp in different operating modes. During lighting and lighting, for example, the DC bus is adjusted to a certain voltage level, so that the lighting circuit can supply a sufficient voltage across the lamp, for example, 5 kV to light the lamp and establish a lamp arc. Once the lamp is lit During the initial heating period of the lamp, the DC bus voltage is reduced from the lamp voltage to about 20 volts. In addition, during this lighting period, the lamp consumes approximately 2 amps of power. 10 After a few minutes, when the lamp is heated The DC busbar voltage reaches a steady value of about 1 volt volt, when it consumes about 4 ohms ampere current. Due to all of these different operating modes of the Hm lamp, it is highly desirable to have a constant output power adjustment. The output power is adjusted to a constant level in the buck/boost converter stage 32. 'The supply is based on the resistor RSENSE to obtain the load current sense 15 and the voltage divider network consisting of resistors RB1 and RB2. Obtain a DC bus voltage value to provide. The bus voltage and the load current are multiplied to obtain a power value from the multiplier circuit chip 34. As a result, the obtained feedback power value is amplified by, for example, a ratio of a resistor of the operational amplifier gain circuit 35 to a one-step resistor, and is amplified by a factor of one. The operational amplifier gain circuit 35 is composed of an operational amplifier, a potentiometer, and a capacitor C2. The circuit 36 is composed of an operational amplifier, a potentiometer, and a capacitor C2. The standard feedback operational amplifier circuit 36 regulates the output power for a fixed 4 volt threshold 38 to provide a compensation signal that adjusts the DC bus voltage. The output of the standard feedback operational amplifier circuit 36 is supplied to the control 1 (:: 382C 〇 mp pin. When the output power is increased by 15 1299640 minus or below 4 volts threshold 37, the operational amplifier circuit % appropriately modifies the COMP connection. The signal of the foot, so control the busy (38) time of the 38ipFC output pin to maintain constant power. For example, if the power drops, the on-time provided by the pFC output pin is still extended, so it is sent to the resistor 5 RL via the inductor UA. The current of 〇AD increases. If the transmission power tends to increase, the on-time switch is “shortened based on the value of the supply COMP pin, so the current delivered to the load and then delivered to capacitor C1 is reduced. The buck/boost converter is back. The simple combination structure of the control and control allows for strong control with a small number of components and signals. The buck/boost converter stage 10 segment 32 achieves high PFC while maintaining good DC bus voltage regulation. Sensing bus voltage The feedback response time of the feedback loop with the adjustment switch 011 is shortened, so the charge and discharge inductor current follows a set, and the envelope has substantially the same voltage as the AC input line. Shape. By providing an appropriate feedback loop speed, the 鬲 power factor can be maintained while achieving low total spectral distortion (THD). 15 Detected through the secondary winding inductor lib through the secondary winding inductor [1 ugly % sense The current is supplied back. When the inductor current discharge is zero for each charge and discharge cycle, the current from the inductor L1B is coupled to the pin for transmission. The PFC control circuit inside the control 1C 38 provides all the pins involved. The ZX, COMP, VBUS, and PFC functions provide PFC control for the Buck/Boost converter 20 stage 32. Due to the simplified operation of the buck/boost converter, it is similar in quality to the boost converter. The control method can be applied to the buck/boost converter stage 32. The switch S1 signal is provided to control the 1C 38 pin PFC to implement PFC and bus voltage regulation in the buck/boost converter stage 32. The good 16 1299640 does not refer to the COMP of the control IC 38, so the signal level migration is used to provide the gating signal to the switch S1 based on the #P' of the pin PFC. This level migration ic 39 is used to migrate the gate source to the source. Control voltage, move to open Off S1 source. For Lu, the level shift 1C 39 can raise the appropriate level of the switch si gate signal 5, 'switch control is provided by the pin 1 of the control 1C 38. Figure 30, HID lamp and full The bridge analog resistor lRL〇AD. During the simulation, the resistor RLOAD is set to a low value to simulate the HID lamp during the initial heating period. The RLOAD value is adjusted to the higher value of the steady state condition to simulate the full bridge. The normal operation of the circuit HID lamp. The circuit of Figure 3 provides a constant power to the resistor RL〇AD when the circuit is changed, and simulates different operating modes of the Cong lamp. Referring again to Figure 2, line 20 shows the inductor current waveform for the 1/2 cycle of the input voltage of the AC power line. During the period of operation of the main input voltage ‘ as the rectified AC power is increased or decreased, the switch (4) is replaced by a 50 々 々, and the L charging and sinking inductance is L1A (Fig. 3). The current waveform is obtained for each period of the switch S1, and the waveform is a triangle, and the spike is increased or decreased according to the AC input voltage level. In other words, the AC input voltage level forms an envelope for the triangular tip of the inductor current waveform. 〇11 of switch 81 maintains the phase during the cycle: = fixed, and switch 81. The inter-office is determined by the peak current of the inductor UA and the elapsed time from the discharge of the 20 current value to zero. Since the peak current value decreases with the wheel input voltage level, the 0ff time of the switch S1 changes during the input voltage cycle. According to this combination structure, the inductor current frequency is variable and free to operate. The lowest frequency is obtained from the peak of the input voltage half-life, and the highest frequency occurs at zero crossing near the input voltage. During the charging and discharging cycle of each inductor, the electric current is discharged to zero, and the buck/boost converter stage 32 operates in a critical conduction mode to form a boundary between the continuous conduction mode and the discontinuous conduction mode. Referring now to Figure 4, circuit diagram 40 illustrates the solution to control the electronic ballast with input buck/boost converter 44 and full bridge output stage 46. Root 5 According to the solution provided by the circuit of FIG. 40, a single control IC 42 provides electronic ballast control, and the control IC 42 provides control by receiving all of the sensing signals and delivering all control signals to the electronic ballast. The buck/boost converter 44 is provided with a zero crossover signal provided to the pin ZX, an adjustment signal provided to the pin c〇Mp, a bus voltage signal provided to the pin VBUS, and a pin 10 provided by HOBB. The gate signal control. The four signals provide a complete control assembly structure of the buck/boost converter 44, supplying the regulated DC power to the full bridge circuit 46 of the switches M1-M4 and HID lamps, while providing a high power factor for lamp power regulation. And current control. The control 1C 42 provides a gate signal after the bit-stable migration, and drives the buck/boost converter 44 to open and close S1 via the pins VBBB and VSBB, so no additional circuit is required to operate the switch S1 with the gate signal provided by the pin HOBB. Control 1C 42 includes lamp power input to pin PLAMP for programming the predetermined lamp power. The power supplied to the HID lamp via a suitable connection to the pin PLA]V[p resistor] can be adjusted to a constant value. 20 The lighting signal for operating the HID lamp illuminator is provided on the pin LOIGN.
以外部點亮器對HID燈提供功能。此外，控制1C 42基於電 阻器RCS之電壓值，獲得接腳CS之電流感測信號。例如若 接腳CS接收得自電阻器RCS之電壓係大於預定電壓位準， 則指示燈過流故障，例如燈點亮故障。控制1C 42也提供INT 18 1299640 接腳來允許整合程式規劃，例如於放大信號調理條件下之 整合程式規劃。控制1C 42提供全部驅動電路，來分開操作 分別由開關Ml及M2以及開關M3及M4組成之兩個半電橋 形成全電橋用來驅動HID燈。例如控制ic 42於接腳H01 5及1"01分別對開關M1&M2提供信號，以及對開關M3及M4 提供信號H02及L02。此等閘信號用來切換開關M1-M4控制 HID燈。如此，控制IC 42之内部電路提供適當位準遷移、 無效時間、控制電路及驅動器電路來操作開關M1_M4。二 分開參考信號例如由接腳VS1&VS2分別連結至二半電橋 10 之中點。 對控制1C 42之供電係經由電感器UB、二極體〇2及電 容器c vcc之二次繞組而提供於接腳vcc。如此，控制ic 係自容式，具有全部於略圖40電子安定器實現pFC、匯流排 電壓調節、電流控制及燈功率控制所需全部功能。降壓/升 15壓轉換器44提供簡化新穎辦法來獲得供應功率、電壓及電 流之控制，同時以簡化組配結構及減少組件數目來維持高 功率因數。此外，電子安定器包括故障保護來處理大量故 障，包括匯流排電壓不足保護、燈過流保護、燈壽命終點 保護、燈點亮故障保護及短路保護。 20 _已經就特定具體例說明本發明，但熟諳技藝人士 顯然易知多種其它變化及修改及用途。因此較佳本發明並 非受此處特定揭示所限，反而僅受隨附之申請專利範圍所 限。 【圖式簡單說明】 19 1299640 第1圖為方塊圖，顯示根據本發明之電路之整體組織結 構； 第2圖為線圖，顯示根據本發明之電子安定器，於交流 電源線輸入電壓半週期期間之電感器電流； 5 第3圖為根據本發明之電子安定器之電路圖； 第4圖為根據本發明使用控制IC於HID燈之電子安定 器之電路圖；以及 第5圖為方塊圖，顯示習知電子安定器之整體組織結 構。 10【主要元件符號說明】 10...降壓-升壓輸入階段 42···控制積體電路 12...全電橋輸出階段 44...輸入降壓-升壓轉換器 14...控制積體電路 46...全電橋輸出階段 15...方塊圖 50...略圖 20…線圖 52···升壓輸入階段 30…電路 53，55，57...控制電路 32…降壓-升壓階段 54...降壓中間階段 34.··乘法器電路晶片 56...全電橋輸出階段 35...運算放大器增益電路 C...直流匯流排電容器 36...運算放大器電路 D...二極體 37···臨限值 L...電感器 38·.·控制積體電路 M···開關 39...位準遷移積體電路 RB...電阻器 40·.·電路圖 S...開關 20The HID lamp is provided with an external illuminator. Further, the control 1C 42 obtains the current sensing signal of the pin CS based on the voltage value of the resistor RCS. For example, if the pin CS receives a voltage from the resistor RCS that is greater than a predetermined voltage level, the indicator light overcurrent fault, such as a lamp lighting fault. Control 1C 42 also provides INT 18 1299640 pins to allow for integrated program planning, such as integrated program planning for amplified signal conditioning conditions. Control 1C 42 provides all of the drive circuits for separate operation. The two bridges, consisting of switches M1 and M2 and switches M3 and M4, respectively, form a full bridge for driving the HID lamp. For example, the control ic 42 provides signals to the switches M1 & M2 on pins H01 5 and 1 " 01, and signals H02 and L02 to switches M3 and M4, respectively. These gate signals are used to switch the switches M1-M4 to control the HID lamp. As such, the internal circuitry of control IC 42 provides appropriate level shifting, dead time, control circuitry, and driver circuitry to operate switch M1_M4. The two separate reference signals are respectively connected to the midpoint of the two half bridges 10 by pins VS1 & VS2, respectively. The power supply to the control 1C 42 is supplied to the pin vcc via the secondary windings of the inductor UB, the diode 〇 2, and the capacitor c vcc . In this way, the control ic is self-contained, and has all the functions required for implementing pFC, bus voltage regulation, current control, and lamp power control in all of the electronic stabilizers of FIG. The buck/liter 15 voltage converter 44 provides a simplified and novel approach to gain control of supply power, voltage, and current while maintaining a high power factor by simplifying the assembly structure and reducing the number of components. In addition, the electronic ballast includes fault protection to handle a large number of faults, including busbar voltage under-protection, lamp overcurrent protection, lamp life end protection, lamp lighting fault protection, and short circuit protection. 20 _ The present invention has been described with respect to specific specific examples, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications and uses are apparent. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific disclosure herein, but is only limited by the scope of the accompanying claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 19 1299640 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a circuit according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a line diagram showing an electronic ballast according to the present invention, inputting a voltage half cycle on an AC power line Inductor current during the period; 5 FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an electronic ballast according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an electronic ballast using a control IC in an HID lamp according to the present invention; and FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing The overall organizational structure of the conventional electronic ballast. 10 [Main component symbol description] 10... Buck-boost input stage 42··· Control integrated circuit 12... Full bridge output stage 44... Input buck-boost converter 14.. Control integrated circuit 46... full bridge output stage 15... block diagram 50... sketch 20... line diagram 52···boost input stage 30... circuit 53, 55, 57... control circuit 32... Buck-Boost Phase 54... Buck Intermediate Stage 34.·Multiplier Circuit Wafer 56... Full Bridge Output Stage 35... Operational Amplifier Gain Circuit C... DC Bus Capacitor 36 ...Operational Amplifier Circuit D...Diode 37···Proximity L...Inductor 38···Control Integrated Circuit M···Switch 39...Level Migration Integrated Circuit RB ...resistor 40···circuit diagram S...switch 20