TWI278797B - Optical light valve - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided an optical light valve. When polarized light passes through electro-optical material, an external voltage is applied to the electro-optical material to change the polarizing direction. Therefore, when polarized light of different polarizing direction is projected onto a polarized light splitter in Brewster's angle, it is able to generate the optimal reflectivity and transmissivity, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the traveling direction of light, thereby significantly increasing response speed and reliability.

Description

1278797 V. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of Application of the Invention The present invention relates to the optical direction of the illuminating light 4 in the forward direction. [Inventive Background] An optical optical valve, in particular, a modified partial light valve. News)

DwW ί ί technology has been developed to the present day - using high-density multiplexer technology f ♦ 曰 曰 曰 has become a major technology development trend. However, the network nodes that carry ί 其 成长 成长 成长 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理 管理Meet the requirements. Therefore, there is no trend, we hope that the optical signal can be exchanged, path protected, and up and down on the optical domain as much as possible on the node to increase the processing speed and keep the light. Transparency). Therefore, the light-opening (or light valve) used for the exchange core in the optical domain is bound to play a more important role in the future. An optical switch (〇 P t i c a 1 S w i t c h) or a light valve is a device that enables an optical signal to be switched from an input port to a destination output. It can be applied to optical communication links (〇XC, Optical Cross Connect) of optical communication network nodes, and all-optical switching core (Switch Core) technology of optical add-on (ADM, Optical Add & Drop Multiplexer). To complete the error response (R estorati ο η), exchange and other functions. In order to allow the WD transfer device to expand to different locations in a one-to-one connection, a relay station is required to connect more than two WDM lines. The "optical switching element" can be placed on the relay station without performing a photoelectric conversion operation (that is, without converting the optical signal passing through the optical fiber into an electrical signal)

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1278797 V. Description of invention (2) The direction of travel can be changed. Without the aid of optical switching elements, the relay station must be equipped with more machines to convert the optical signals into electrical signals for photoelectric conversion. At present, various technologies have been disclosed for optical switches, such as a mechanical optical switch, which uses a mechanical power such as a step motor to move an optical fiber, a mirror, a cymbal or other components to change the path of light. InInsert Loss is small, cross talk (Cross Talk)

It is low, but it has the problems of large size, difficulty in integration with other optical communication components, and slow switching speed. It has gradually failed to meet the requirements of high-speed and high-accumulation of optical communication network nodes. Another type of optical switch is microelectromechanical (MEMS, Micro Electro)

Mechanical System) Optical switch, also known as r Mirror type "light, off element" means that incident light transmitted from an optical fiber is reflected by a tiny Mirr〇r made using a germanium substrate or the like, thereby changing the traveling path of the light. ,. Most of them are mainly micro-rotatable mirror array architecture, and the main area is 2 D or 3. 2 D array type, the mirror is only for simple up and down movement. The field mirror can pass through the next day, and when it stands, it will reflect the light beam to the destination. The (10) array mirror can be rotated in any direction. The mirror array is paired with the mirror facing the mirror, and the light passes through one mirror of the first array of mirrors and is reflected to another mirror array preset.

The mirror is reflected to the destination exit. Therefore, the position of the mirror stagnation must be controlled very accurately, 诵当^ 兄了丨二# v々月千逋书 angular tolerance range to one millionth, and the father’s father’s replacement capacity is 3 2 X 3 2, Through different sub-arrays, and a can reach 5 1 2 X 5 1 2 . 3 D theoretically can reach thousands of turns. Due to reflection

1278797 V. INSTRUCTIONS (3) The mirror has a certain moving distance, so the switching speed can only reach tens of milliseconds (m i 1 1 i s e c ο n d s). Because the design is based on the mechanical action of the mirror, long-term motion causes structural deformation, material damage, motion and handling, and other vibrations, which will reduce its reliability, and it is also a technical problem to be overcome. Another so-called "Bubb 1 e-type" optical switching element is a path in which an optical signal travels, and a groove is provided to generate air, and the refractive index of the light is changed, so that the optical signal is totally reflected to the arranged path. . Since this method only produces bubbles in an instant, no mechanical components are required, so this method emphasizes that it has better durability. Since the air is generated at a relatively high speed for up to 2 ms, the speed of the switch can also be increased. However, the response speed is comparable to the speed of light, and the response speed of the millisecond level still has a great room for improvement. From the above analysis, optical switching elements have technical problems to be overcome or improved regardless of the response speed (up to n s degree) or reliability. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In summary, the main object of the present invention is to provide an optical light valve of high response speed (about 10 ns), which is characterized by applying an applied voltage to an electro-optic material to change the polarization of light passing through the electro-optic material. The direction of polarization 'is caused to reflect or penetrate at a transparent material to achieve the purpose of controlling the direction of light, thereby increasing the response speed. The invention changes the direction of polarization by applying voltage, and changes the traveling direction of light by means of electrical signals, and has a faster response speed (about 10 ns) compared with a mechanical or MEMS type optical switch.

(4) 1278797 V. Inventive description The valve of the present invention, the angle of the conventional adjustment, the other technology of the Ming, can be used in the optical disclosure of the monthly soap, the electric light material is made transparent The error of the error is clearly revealed by the exposed optical switch structure. The applied voltage is in the direction of the vibration, and the quality is also fixed. The degree of the good angle of the light generated by the light is thus exposed to light as a polarized light. An electric light is transmitted to change the polarization direction of the light. When the beam splitter is incident, there will be a parallel incident surface (p_ Brewster's Angle) material, but when the light polarization direction is mostly reflected, the polarization direction will be reflected in the direction of the transparent material light, thereby (optical switch) In order to achieve the above purposes, the present invention includes an electro-optic material and a spectroscope; wherein the electro-optical material of the electro-optic material returns to the original, that is, the optical material is fixed, and the change of the material is generated to minimize the polarization. Highly achievable methods for materials that can be polarized with different polarizations and transmitted through polarized light, when they are mostly perpendicular to the incident. Therefore, the inverse of the mass can be used to produce a high-reliability switch with an angle of reflection of even large errors. In the same position, the over-light reflection or the light is reversed to avoid the dependency. When making the light surface of the incident angle of the polarized material to which the light is applied (changing the electric radiation or wearing as the light material, the transmittance is adjusted to the switch, and the pressure is applied to the electrode. S-polarization pressure is used to change through, because the switch optical optical mirror is different in the back and forth. The micro-invention is revealed by the application of the light. The transparency of the transparent material is the most reflective light. The concept is that the light material is polarized, such as The optically polarized light passes through the transparent light), and the polarized light is changed to control the optical light valve disclosed in the invention. An optical multilayer film is formed on the outer side of the optical cladding. The plate is extremely thin,

Page 7 Ref. 278797 V. INSTRUCTIONS (5) One Γ: When the electric shock is applied to the electric shock film, the ρ polarized light will penetrate the force 42=reflected from the electro-optic material, when the external light is applied The ρ-polarized light will become s-polarized light and will be converted from the material 2, and the 〇polarized light will penetrate the electro-optic material, and the slab polarized beam splitter composed of the 浔2浔5 will be placed in the electric : 枓 另 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : When fs Angle) is incident on the optical multilayer film, it is reflected by the reflectance to the direction of the track to be changed. The features and implementations of the present invention are shown in the drawings as a preferred embodiment. [Detailed Description of the Invention] The optical switch of the road is an externally applied voltage to an electro-optic material (E led Optical Substance), so that the light wave that penetrates the electro-optic material changes, and the polarization direction, that is, from the p-pole Is the converted light converted into s-polarized light or from S-polarized? , into P-polarized light, and then through the optical multi-layer film composed of polarized light ^ Mirror, so that s - polarized light can be completely reflected or let the polarization of the light 兀 兀 王 王 王the goal of. When the electro-optic material has no applied voltage, its polarization direction does not change, and the original polarized light is transmitted when the beam passes through the electro-optic material. ^ As shown in "Figure 1," is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the present invention, including electro-optic material Ί 11 electro-optic material 11 may be an asymmetrical electro-optic crystal, the material may be KDP type ferroelectrics material,

Page 8 1278797 V. Description of invention (6) For example, Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate (KD*P, molecular formula is KD2P0 4), Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (Molecular Formula KDP (KH2P0 4)), Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP), the molecular formula is ΝΗΙΡΟΟ, potassium dihydrogen hydride (KDA, molecular formula is KH2As04) and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP, molecular formula is KTi0P04), etc. or such as titanium #5 mine iron Perovskite Ferroelectrics, such as barium titanate (BaTiOO, KTN (Potassium Tantalite)

Niobate), potassium oxychloride (Potassium Tatanate), etc.; or as a transparent electro-optic ceramic, such as PLZTXPbH^UymiUD. Or such as Tungsten-bronze-type structure: such as bismuth citrate (SBN, molecular formula is Sr 5 - xBaxNb1G 〇 30), sodium citrate citrate (BNN, eight, early. Formula is Ba "xNa2 seven Nb10O30) , bismuth citrate (BN), knife (KLN, molecular formula is K6 Li Μκ η λ , Τ ^

LlNb〇3), potassium citrate (molecular formula: 〇b〇3), lithium knives are Tantalate, and the formula is UTa〇3> Llthium Another kind of material that can be used as electro-optic material #u is (birefringence) such as liquid coffin 枓 liquid crystal steering, and the refractive index after turning changes to change the light... & add a voltage to make the above Symmetrical electro-optic materials have a ^ direction. The film 12 and the material of the electrode film 12 must pass through the electrode wave of the second and third transparent electrodes, and the electrodes of different wavelengths and the infrared light of the second-passing optical signal (the wavelength of which is 1300 nm) are used as an example electrode. Thin film, doped with three or five kinds of impurities, or doped with Xiyang impurities; The material of 2 can be, and the first and fifth family semi-conducting. 5. Description of invention (7) Body film, such as demagnetized gallium, squamous steel electrode film 12. The temple allows the infrared light to penetrate the other emulsified tin (T0) such as indium tin oxide (FTO, SnO-doped fluorine atom) which can be used as an electrode (I TO ) or indium zinc oxide (1^ film 12). , Sn〇2) and tin oxide fluorine beam as transparent electrodes. They can be applied to the optical coefficient r of other wavelengths respectively. Under the electro-optic condition of optical material u, the electro-optical material with high electro-optic coefficient is: m: the same situation In a way, the polarized light can be passed through; the electric J pp is polarized into s-polarized light or the s-polarized light is converted into m-light. The text is also provided on the other side of the electro-optic material 11 with a transparent material coated with optical multilayer. The film 22 becomes a bias; = 2, 450' is used as the 2, and the transparent material 21 is fixed as βΚ7 (refractive brother η-1.517), and the optical multilayer film 22 can be nL=138 (fluorinated, iiUHMg〇) Repeated ore film stacking, the above 45 0 incident angle i Nernst angle, with transparent material and optical multilayer film: Wu ^ Guan, its characteristic is when Ρ polarized light (parallel plate polarization When the light & mirror entrance surface, P-polarized light will penetrate the above-mentioned optical multilayer film J1 = polarized beam splitter 20, and when polarized light When the light is dimming (perpendicular to ^, the incident surface of the vibrating beam splitter 20), it is reflected. The polarizing beam splitter 2 has the smallest absorption rate and the highest reflectivity for the S-polarized light. , 'When polarized light is incident on the optical multilayer film 2 at different angles, the polarized light 1278797 V. The invention description (8) will produce different degrees of reflection or penetration, so adjusting the angle can make the reflection (S-polarized light) The efficiency with penetration (p-polarized light) is optimal, that is, the effect of full penetration or complete reflection is achieved. That is, when polarized light is incident on the polarizing beam splitter at Brewster's angle of 20, P pole The illuminating light will be completely penetrated, and the s-polarized light will be completely reflected. The Brewster angle is related to the refractive index of the material of the polarizing beam splitter 20 composed of the optical multilayer film, such as a transparent material having a refractive index η=1· 517 (ΒΚ7). For example, ηΗ=2·35(ZnS) and nL=l·35 (cryolite) have an incident Brewster angle of 0 = 50·50. Therefore, when the best electro-optic material is selected and the optimal composition of the polarizing beam splitter is selected When the material of the optical multilayer film 2 2 is 20, the leisure light material 1 1 and the polarizing beam splitter 20 and its Brewster angle ^ by applying a voltage to the electro-optic material 丨丨 to control the light path height response speed and reliability of the light. To achieve an electro-optic material with KDP material as an example, τ 63 = 1 〇 6 χΐ〇丨η〇=1· 51, λ G=54 6· 1 nm, the half-wavelength voltage u half-wavelength voltage can change the light by π phase difference, thus making 7·6χ1〇ν′ into S-polarization. First, the ρ-polarized polarizing beam splitter 20 is formed by a transparent material of a plurality of layers of optical sheets, and the plating film is shown in Fig. 3. The principle of operation is the same as that of the above-mentioned multilayer film ', which is the same as the light microscope. Therefore, the polarized light component is formed, so that the optical switch unit is formed into a matrix of 40 0 0x40 0 0), and the voltage is applied to the optical switch in the array, and the voltage is applied to the optical switch to determine the signal path. Please refer to "2nd picture" for the continuation, which is 1=^ of the invention.

Page 11 1278797 I5, invention description (9) For example, a 3 X 4 array light valve, wherein 1 〇 & to i 〇 1 is the above optical switching element ' 3 0 a to 3 0 c is an optical signal Receiver (usually fiber), 3 〇3 for receiving light reflected from 1 〇a, 1 0 b, 1 0 c, 10 0 d, 3 〇 b for receiving reflection from 10 0, 1 〇 f, 1 0 g, 10 h light, 3 0 c is the light reflected from 1 〇i, 1 0 j, 1 0 k, 1 0 1 ' 4 0 a to 4 0 d is the polarized light in the transmitted beam. As shown in the figure, in the case of the polarized light 40a, if the applied voltage is not applied to the optical switches 10a, 1〇e, and 10i, the P-polarized light continues to advance in the original direction, if an applied voltage is applied One of the optical switches 1 〇a, 1 〇e, and 1 〇i, for example, is applied to the optical switch 1 〇e, and the polarized light 4 〇a will be converted into S-polarized light and received by the optical signal. Receiver 3 接收b receives to change the transmission path of the light. Similarly, if the polarization light is to be transmitted to the transmission direction of the optical signal receiver 30 a, the applied voltage is applied to the optical switch 丨0 c to make the polarization of the polarized light 4 0 0 . The light is converted into 8 polarized light. If the polarized light 4 0 b and 40 d change the transmission direction to the position where the optical signal receiver 3 0 c is located, an applied voltage is applied to the optical switches 1 〇 j and 1 , to change the direction of transmission. [Effects of the Invention] The optical light valve disclosed in the present invention changes the polarization direction of polarized light by changing the voltage, so that p-polarized light or s-polarized light is reflected or penetrated to control light. The direction of the path has the following effects: 1 · The way of applying the voltage changes the direction of travel of the light, which can greatly increase the response speed to 10 ns. 2 · Only add voltage to change the path of light. It is not necessary to change the angle of the light mirror, which can greatly reduce the error and improve the reliability.

The present invention is not limited to the scope of the invention, and The scope of patent protection of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Page 13 1278797 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an optical light valve of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a preferred embodiment of the optical light valve of the present invention; and Fig. 3 is a view of the present invention Another preferred embodiment of a plate polarized beam splitter for an optical light valve. [Description of symbols] 10a optical switch 10b optical switch 10c optical switch 10d optical switch

1 0 e optical switch 1 0 f optical switch 10g optical switch 10h optical switch I 0 i optical switch 10 j optical switch 10k optical switch 101 optical switch II electro-optic material 12 electrode film 20 polarized beam splitter

21 Transparent material 22 Optical multilayer film 30a Optical signal receiver 30b Optical signal receiver

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Claims (1)

矣 六 正 六 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 , Wherein, when an applied voltage is not applied to the electrode film, a polarized light will pass through the electro-optic material in the original polarization direction and enter the polarizing beam at a Brewster angle to penetrate at an optimum efficiency. The polarizing beam splitter is reflected from the polarizing beam splitter, and when an applied voltage is applied to the electrode film, the polarized light passes through the electro-optic material in different polarization directions, and is incident on the polarizing angle at the Brewster angle When the beam splitter is used, the polarizing beam splitter is penetrated or reflected from the polarizing beam splitter with optimum efficiency. 2. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the electro-optic material is an asymmetrical crystal. 3. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the electro-optic material is selected from the group consisting of a KDP type ferroelectric material, a titanite ferroelectric material, and a tungsten bronze structural material. 4. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the electro-optic material is a birefringent material. 5. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive electrode film is selected according to the wavelength of the polarized light. 6. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the polarizing beam splitter is formed by repeatedly coating a plurality of layers of optical multilayer film in a thin sheet of transparent material. (p.17): y-rj. Patent application. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the polarizing beam splitter is repeatedly stacked by a plurality of layers of optical multilayer film in a stack. Made of transparent material. 8. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the applied voltage value is proportional to the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic material. 9. The optical light valve of claim 1, wherein the Brewster angle is determined by the plurality of optical multilayer films and the material of the transparent material. 1 0. An optical light valve for changing a transmission path of a polarized light, wherein the polarized light has a polarization direction of P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and includes: an electro-optic material, which is coated on the outer side An electrically conductive electrode film, when an applied voltage is applied to the electrode film, the polarized light will pass directly through the electro-optic material, and the polarized light will change the polarization direction when an applied voltage is applied to the electrode film; a polarizing beam splitter, wherein the plurality of optical multilayer films are repeatedly coated on a transparent material and placed on the other side of the electro-optic material, and when the polarized light is incident on the polarizing beam splitter at a Brewster angle, Passing the polarizing beam splitter at an optimum transmittance or reflecting from the polarizing beam splitter at an optimum reflectance, thereby changing the direction of the polarized light 〇11. The optical body as described in claim 10 A light valve, wherein the electro-optic material is an asymmetric crystal. 1 2. As claimed in the patent application, the opticals as described in claim 10 Page 18 repair (more) positive 'this I', the patent-scoped light valve, wherein the electro-optic material is selected from any combination of KDP type ferroelectric materials, titanium calcium ore ferroelectric materials and tungsten bronze structural materials. It can be said that its valve-light learning light is r-Η. The valve is closed, and the light of the long-wavelength is very biased. The 10-series membrane is thin and the pole is extremely thin. Please apply for electricity. Stacking film heavy-duty film thin layer multi-learning light layer is formed and ο τη—I The first round of Fanli specializes in Shen Guang as the vibration layer number is divided by the mirror light splitting one in the middle stack, the membrane valve plating double weight The thin layer of the film is described as a lot of light. In the middle of the system, it is better than the valve Zhengguang. The light material of the light system is the material of the light. The material of the light material is the same. The special value of the type is required. In the case of the cloth material, the number of the optical layer of the multi-optical light layer of the valve film is thinner. Special angle materials, please special materials, Shen Sizhi, Lu Lu Page 19