工273〇23 · 九、發明說明： • 【發明所屬之技術領域】 ， 本發明係有關一種藉使材料雛_以改善合金機械倾之方法 及其裝置。 、 【先前技術】 藉由控制材料結構組織以改善材料合金機械性質之方式存在已 久’且日趨重要。透過熱加卫製程，在材料產生塑性變形時導入眾多 缺陷（如點缺陷、差排、整差能等）於材料内部，在料缺陷的交互 作用之下，差排移動變的更加困難進而形成加工強化現象，或於後續 熱處理時改善金騎料微賴’進而提频概f。然轉統的熱加 工製程之重大缺點在於加工後的材料有尺寸上的限制。如熱親，材料 之截面積經過加工後會減少’且僅能加工成板材等固定樣式物件嚴 重限制材料之應用範圍。 根據美國專利公報之第5,鐵633號專利，V M. Segal為了克服 材料經熱加工後截面積減少的缺點發明了咖（等通道擠型）的方 法。該個乃將加熱過之材料置鱗面積通道中，再侧推桿推擠材 料，使材料通過有角度變化的等面積通道路線。材料在通過角度變化 處，即產生塑性變形，同時導人大量的剪應力，使材料微結構產生變 化。由於合金材料經ECAE的單-道次加I，其材料之截面積仍維持不 變，因此該發明為了使材料達到有效改善材料性質的加工變形量必 需經重複多次的加玉’才能觀_·纽果；另由該發明所揭之 6 1273023 冓並未見可供合金連續加工之構造，這表示合金材料必須在經過 每一道次加工後，先退出模具，再重新置入模具内進行加工。此段時 間物件派度必然降低，因此必須再一次預熱物件。取出與再預熱合金 材料之流鋪冗長繁雜，導致無法有效率的加讀件，因而商業實用 性尚嫌不足。 根據美國專利公報之第6識379號專利，娜耐脑池等 人改良ECAE模具機構，使合金材料可連續加王柯需㈣料退出模具 外Μ旦因該機構僅能使單—合金材料經特定角度方向加工，影響合金 材料微結構在各方向分佈上的均勻性，且該機構亦需㈣道次加工才 能得到較佳的改良合金性質之效果；_該發明未見具體的取出或退 料構造’對於合金材料似連無的加工製程，絲提供可供參考之 依據，是以影響該發明在商業上的應用。 1970年美國麻省理卫學院發現半_合金材料的加轉滞性低， 且其流動性可經加剪應力加以控制，爾後開發觸變成形法的半固態成 型技術，近幾年其他研究單位更開發出流變成形技術。金屬半固態成 型係利用金屬結晶粒周圍產生少許液態，但仍維持金屬固態外形的情 形下加以塑性加工成形的一種技術。因為變形主要係藉由晶粒間的滑 動與轉動來達到，有別於一般鍛造需要使晶粒產生差排移動的塑性變 形，因此成形性比鍛造要容易得多，同時又具有鍛造的優點。與傳統 的壓鑄成型技術比較，半固態成型具備充型平穩，無湍流和喷濺，加 工溫度低，凝固收縮小等優點，因而鑄件尺寸精度高，而且成型件的 7 1273023 表面平整光滑’料畴組織致密、晶粒細小。此外，亦由於金屬半 固態成型的加工溫度較低，及對模具的熱衝擊相對減少，有助延長模 具壽命，加上成件期時間短，有利提高生產量及縮短生產周期等許 多優點。 鑒於上述各項優缺點，本發明之目的在於： 第·長1供能使合金材料產生大量變形且加工快速之裝置及方 法’達到改善合金材㈣械性質之效果，_合金材料域面積於加 工前後不會減少，增加合金材料的實用性。 第二：待加工合金材料於該裝置内必須能連續多道次加工而不需 取出，提供合金加工之流程，配合模具以達到改善合金材料之最佳效 果。 第三：在使應用相關設備及技術落實現場應用，合金材料得以快 速且大量生產，使具商業化潛力。 第四：在於實施金屬半固態加工成型技術，利用本發明之裝置與 流程，配合加熱系統，使合金材料得於半固態溫度下進行加工，實行 觸變及流變成型技術。 【發明内容】 根據本發明目的之一：供能使合金材料產生大量變形且加工快速 之裝置及方法，達到改善合金材料機械性質之效果，同時合金材料之 截面積於加工前後不減少，增加合金材料的實用性。本發明之加工裝 置包括一擠製容器及一擠壓裝置，其可令在擠製容器内之合金材料或 8 1273023 半固態合金材料接受來自不同方向之施壓。擠製容器内具有兩個以上 的等（或不等）面積擠製通道，各通道之一端於擠製模内貫通接合，其 中至少具有同一方向等面積之兩通道，以形成一長、直通道，配合後 續材料擠出之用。同方向通道之截面積需相同，而不同方向之通道則 可配合需求，改變通道截面積。通道可為圓形、方形等對稱圖形。擠 壓裝置則為配合各通道之推桿，推桿頂部配合通道截面形狀大小，可 在擠製通道中分別依製程需要以不同方向依序重複施壓於合金材料， 使合金材料得以於各通道内流動變形。擠製容器得具有加熱裝置，以 確保熱加工之溫度正確。材料之加工動作可於室溫至合金半固態溫度 範圍下達成。此外，合金材料可為合金塊材或半固態合金。 根據本發明目的之二、三：待加工合金材料於該裝置内必須能連 續多道次加工而不需取出，提供合金加工之流程，配合模具以達到改 善合金材料之最佳效果，並應用相關設備及技術落實現場應用，合金 材料得以快速且大量生產，使具商業化潛力。合金材料置於擠製容器 之通道中，依製程需要受各方向之推桿施加壓力於合金材料，使材料 於各通道内流動變形，直至該合金材料之微結構細化且分布均勻且獲 知所欲之性質。合金材料於加工期間皆置於擠製模内，不需取出，使 加工流程禱，節省加。轉未施加壓力於合金材料時，可依 製程需要選擇施加背壓於材料±，以歸合金材料之形狀完整。待合 金材料之微結構均勻且獲得所欲性質時，峡各推桿至定位，將合金 材料集中於任關方向通道所形成之直、長等截面積通道，由兩通道 9 1273023 其中之-推桿’將合金材料擠出擠製容n，即可得所欲性質之合金材 料，且材顯面積可與原材_同；或依製程需要，可將材料由所欲 尺寸之通道退出。上述之退出合金材料動作，亦可配合擠出模，將合 金材料擠出成所欲之尺寸形狀。待退出合金材料後，可裝載另一欲加 工之合金於通道中，重複上述之加工流程。如此―來，合金材料可於 擠製模内連續加工，且擠出與裝載材料簡便，得以大量生產，因而具 備商業化之潛力。 根據本發明目的之四：實施金屬半固態加工成型技術，利用本發 明之裝置與流程，配合加熱系統，使合金材料得於半固態溫度下進行 加工，實行觸變及流變成型技術。半固態加工成型技術之一方式為觸 變成型技術，配合本發明之加工程序為將待加工合金材料置於擠製模 内，加熱至合金材料之半固態溫度。當合金材料到達其半固態溫度後 即開始進行推擠合金之動作，推擠合金之動作與前述流程相同，擠出 材料時可配合鍛造模，可為所欲物件之模具。半固態加工成型技術之 二方式為流變成型技術，加工程序為配置合金材料之熔湯，同時加熱 擠製模具至加工溫度。待加工時，固定推桿至定位，再由通道口倒入 固定量之金屬熔湯，待熔湯緩慢降溫進入半固態溫度後，即開始進行 擠壓合金材料之動作。擠壓合金材料之動作與前述流程相同。熔湯倒 入擠製模後，降溫凝固過程必經過合金材料之半固態溫度範圍，在此 溫度範圍下受到擠壓合金材料之動作，即為流變成型技術。擠出材料 時可配合鍛造模，可為所欲物件之模具。 1273023 【實施方式】 根據本發明改善合金材料性質之方法及裝備。加工設備包括一擠 製谷器及-擠壓裝置’其可令在擠製容器内之合金或半固態合金材料 接受來自不同方向之施加壓力。擠製容器内有兩個以上的等（或不等） 截面積通道，其中至少兩個具有同方向之通道，以形成一長、直通道。 各通道之一端於擠製模内貫通接合，另一端開口則配合擠壓裝置，進 行擠壓合金之動作，通道截面可為圓形、方形等對稱形狀。擠壓裝置 則為配合各通道之推桿，推桿頂部配合通道截面形狀大小，可在擠製 通道中分別依製程需要以不同方向輪流重複施壓於合金材料，使合金 材料得以在各通道内流動變形。 本發明在此以四個、圓形等截面積通道之模具為實施例加以說 明。現請參關圖-包含擠製容，由兩片模體組成12，模體 内有十字通道凹槽13,將兩片模體12組合後即可得圓型等截面積之多 (四)通道擠製模具。擠壓裝置則為配合各通道之轉14，推桿為配合 通道形狀而成圓形綱15，可分別在擠製容器巾依製程需要分別以不 同方向依序重複作驗合金材料（未標示），使材料得在各通道内流動 變形。擠製容器得有加熱裝置（未標示），可劇呆熱加卫之溫度正確。 根據本發明之加工程序可依需要，配合各推桿施加不同壓力於材 料上，以制定最佳流程。請參閱圖二，圖二表示為配合四通道擠製模 2〇之兩種加X絲之實施例；圖二⑴〜⑻表示預熱完成之合金材料 21置於上下通道26、28内，受推桿22、24之壓力而塑性變形流動至 11 1273023 左右通道27、29。圖（B)〜(C)表示合金材料21經擠壓變形流動至左右 通道27、29後，再利用推桿23、25施壓於材料21使材料變形流動至 上下通道26、28。圖一(D):重複擠麼合金材料迄至達所欲之合金性質 後，固定推桿23、25至定位，將合金材料集中於上下通道26、28所 形成之直、長通道，由上通道26之推桿22，將合金材料21擠出擠製 模20，便可得所欲性質之合金，且合金材料21於加工前後之截面積不 減。圖二(E)〜(H)為配合四通道擠製模之另一加工流程實施例；圖二 (E)〜(F)表示合金材料31置於上通道36内，受推桿32之壓力而塑性 變形流動至通道37、38。圖（F)〜(G)表示合金材料31再經擠壓至通道 36、39。圖二(H);重複擠壓合金材料31迄至達所欲之合金性質後， 將合金材料31集中於上下通道36、38所形成之直、長通道，固定推 桿33、35至定位，由上通道36之推桿32，將合金材料31擠出擠製模 20 ’便可得所欲性質之合金，且合金材料31於加工前後之截面積不減。 擠出合金材料31時可S&合擠織或锻造模3Q，將合金材料31擠出成 所欲之尺寸形狀。 以上所述之合金材料可為合金塊材或金屬炼液。 以上所述之流程，可依_需要，選擇推桿22〜25、32 35施加適 當背壓於合金材料2卜31上，以保持合金材料2卜31於適當位置或 使其形狀完整。當合金材料2卜31被擠出後，可置人另_欲加工之合 金材料，重複進行上述之加工流程。如此施為，擠出與裝載材料簡便， 得以連續加工大量合金，深具商業應用之價值與潛力。 12 1273023 以下合金材料經擠壓而流動變形之次數即稱為加工道次，合金材 料經擠壓而流動變形者稱分流擠型。 本發明改善合金材料性質之裝置，其擠製容器具有兩個以上的等 (或不等）截面積通道，其中至少兩通道具有同一方向，以形成一長、 直通道，且兩通道之截面積相等。各通道之一端於擠製模内貫通接合。 通道截面可為圓形、方形等對稱形狀。 現請參閱圖三：圖三表示多通道擠製模之其他實施例。 圖二(A) ·上述之四通道擠製模亦可為方形通道擠製模4〇，推桿 41〜44亦配合通道之形狀大小製作成方形推桿。通道奶、47之截面積 相同’而通道46、48之截面積亦相同，但較通道45、47為大。兩對 通道皆可形成長、直通道以為後續擠出合金材料所用。當擠製時，待 加工合金材料(未顯示)可置於通道45、47中，待加工材料之截面積可 為推桿截面積49之別、。經分流觀加碎序完錢可將合金材料集 中於通道45、47 ’退出之材料之截面積即相_待加功金材料，或 可將合金材料集中通道46、48，退出之合金材料即可得較大的截面積 50 〇 請見圖三(B):圖示為三個 多通道擠製模亦可為三通道擠製模51 ， 小成方形。當擠製時， 進行分流擠型動作，經 57所形成之長通道處， 通道55〜57之截面為方型且面積相等。推桿㈣亦配合通道形狀大 待加工合金材料(未顯示)可置於通道55〜57中 加工程序①成後可將合金材料集中於通道％、 由推才干53或54退出。退出之材料之截面積即 13 相同於待加工合金材料，如圖三(A)之例，此三通道模51之不同方向 通道亦可因需要變換截面之面積，但同方向之通道56、57截面積需相 同。三通道形狀亦可為圓形等對稱圖形。 多通道擠製模亦可為六通道擠製模6G，請參關三⑹：圖示為六 通道擠製模6G ’通道61〜66之截面為方型，且各自與同方向之通道截 面積相等，以便於三方向皆能進行擠出合金材料之動作。當擠製時， 待加工合金材料(未顯示）可置於任意通道61〜66巾進行分流掛型，經 加工程序完紐可將合金材料集巾於通道61〜66卿成之長通道處， 由推桿67〜69退出。以上所述之六通道亦可各自截面積不同，但必須 保有兩同方向之通道截面積相等，方可進行擠出材料動作。 上述之擠出合金材料動作完成後，即可置入另一待擠製合金材料 於通道内，重複上述分流擠型之流程。如此一來，合金材料可於擠製 模内連續加工，且擠出與裝載材料簡便，得以大量生產，因而具備商 業化之價值與潛力。 前述之多通道擠製模具，其較佳通道數為三個至八個。原因在於 本發明之加工裝置及其方法在極少加工道次下即可提供合金材料產生 大量的塑性變形，八個通道數可能與更多通道的擠製模具之加工道次 相同，另外八個通道數以内之擠製模具有較少的裝置成本，因而八通 道以内之擠製模具可符合較高的經濟效益。 兹以特定加工裝置為如下實驗，以檢驗本發明之理論。請參閱第 一圖，四個等面積圓通道13之長度125麵、直徑25mm;推桿長度276刪、 1273023 直徑25mm ;待加工試片長度i2〇mm。 本發明實驗之進行步驟請參閱第二圖（A)〜(D) : (A)〜(幻圖表示先 將待加工合金材料21於模體20外加熱至操作溫度，擠製模2〇亦同時 加熱至操作溫度。待到達所需溫度後，將合金材料21置於通道26、28 中’以推桿22、24使合金材料21以每分鐘1〇〇腿之速度受擠製，使 合金材料21變形分流至另兩處通道27、29。於本實驗中，合金材料 21亦受推桿23、25之背壓，因而形狀不變。當此一道次加工完成後， 再由推桿23、25施壓於合金材料使之再次分流變形至原通道26、28， 同時推桿22、24改為施加背壓於合金材料21之上，使材料形狀保持 固定。故合金材料21得於擠製容器20内進行擠製而分流變型。 經前述擠製模與加工程序之實施例有： 1·傳統缚造之A1-21 wt.%Si鎮键、 2·傳統鑄造之A1 - 12wt. %Si鑄錠、* 3·傳統鑄造之AA5G83合金， 現分別說明如下： 1. A卜21 wt.%Si鑄旋：A1-21 wt.%Si合金以上述擠製裝置與流 程進行實驗，實驗操作溫度為30(TC，推桿最大推力為1〇嘲。Ai 2i wt.%Si為一過共晶矽合金，請見圖四：由鱗造之金相圖可看出灰色塊 狀之初晶石夕顆粒粗大且不規則，具有尖端銳利面，由於應力易集中於 15 1273023 初晶石夕尖端’加上初㈣顆粒粗大、硬、脆，初_易成為破裂起始 點，導致該合金之機械性質幾乎無延性可言，因此該合金無法應用於 傳統之熱加工製程以提升該合金性質。該合金經本裝置分流擠型四道 人後π見圖五.可使初晶雜化且鶴球化，而經球化之微結構必 然提升Al-21 wt.%Si合金之延性。且本發明之裝置與加工流程可使 Al-21 wt.%Si合金形狀保持完整，無損壞之虞。 2· A卜12 wUSi鎊錠：M-12 wt%Si合金以上述擠製裝置與流 程進行實驗’實驗操作溫度為3〇〇。(：，推桿最大推力為1〇嘲。Μ』 wt.%Si為一共晶矽合金，請見圖六：由鱗造之金相圖可看出共_1 形狀為長雜。如壯述，雜之微簡觀性損躲大，導致機械 性質不良。該合金經本裝置分流播型四道次後，請見圖七；可使共晶 矽明顯斷裂球化，進而提升該合金機械性質。 3· AA5083鋁合金：AA5083鋁合金以上述擠製裝置與流程進行實 驗，實驗操作溫度為300°C，推桿最大推力為2〇噸，經分流擠型一道 次之後將合金材料退出擠製模進行淬火動作，退火溫度343〇c_小時。 由圖八可看出，AA5083合金於未加工前時之晶粒大小為3〇〇〜4〇〇" m(A) ’經分流擠製後晶粒變形為長條狀⑻，再經退火後，再結 晶晶粒尺寸驟減為40〜80 /zmCC)。 由以上之實施例均可看出，合金經由本發明之加工裝置與流程之 加工後，由極少的道次即可明顯的改善合金材料之機械性質，配合擠 出材料之流程，可連續製造以增進效率，極度符合商業應用價值。 16 ^273023 。人理應瞭解，本文所述”合金材料，，僅為示例，而非限制。例 如本案亦得成功顧於均自混鍊高分子，喊及/或塑膠......等等以得 單一或合成基礎材質之產品。 鐘諸前述’應可完全明瞭本發明。然熟習於本技藝之人士得任施 匠思而為諸般修飾，為皆不脫如附巾請專利範圍所欲保護者。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖表示本發明改善合金材料性質之加工裝置實例分解圖； 第-圖（Α)〜(Η)表示本發贼善合金材料性質之加玉流程示意圖； 第三圖（A)〜(C)表示本發明改善合金材料性質之加工裝置示意圖； 第四圖表示Al-21 wt.%Si合金材料鑄造時之金相圖； 第五圖表示Al-21 wt.%Si合金材料經本加工裝置，加工四道次後之金 相圖， 第六圖表示A1-12 wt.%Si合金材料鑄造時之金相圖； 第七圖表示A1-12 wt.%Si合金材料經本加工裝置，加工四道次後之金 相圖； 第八圖（八)〜(〇表示AA5083合金材料之金相圖：A)為M5〇83鑄造金相 圖；（B)為AA5083分流擠型後之金相圖；（c)為AA5〇83分流擠型一道 次後退火之金相圖； 【主要元件符號說明】 圖一： 13十字通道凹槽 11擠製容器 12模體 14推桿 15推桿頂部 17 1273023 圖一 20四通道擠製模 21合金材料 22推桿 23推桿 24推桿 25推桿 26通道 27通道 28通道 29通道 30擠出模 31合金材料 32推桿 33推桿 34推桿 35推桿 36通道 37通道 38通道 39通道 圖三（A) 40四通道擠製模 41方型推桿 42方型推桿 43方型推桿 44方型推桿 45通道 46通道 47通道 48通道 49方形截面 50方形截面 圖三(B) 51三通道擠製模 52方型推桿 53方型推桿 54方型推桿 55通道 56通道 57通道 圖三（C) 60六通道擠製模 61方形通道 62方形通道 63方形通道 64方形通道 65方形通道 66方形通道 67方形推桿 68方形推桿 69方形推桿273 〇 23 · Nine, invention description: • [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving mechanical mechanical tilting of a material. [Prior Art] It has become increasingly important to control the structural structure of materials to improve the mechanical properties of material alloys. Through the heat-adding process, many defects (such as point defects, poor rows, and poor energy) are introduced into the material during the plastic deformation of the material. Under the interaction of the material defects, the movement of the difference is more difficult and then formed. The phenomenon of processing strengthening, or improving the gold riding material in the subsequent heat treatment, and then raising the frequency f. A major disadvantage of the conventional thermal processing process is the size limitations of the processed material. For example, if the cross-sectional area of the material is reduced after processing, it can only be processed into fixed-pattern objects such as plates to severely limit the application range of the material. According to U.S. Patent Gazette No. 5, Iron No. 633, V M. Segal invented the method of coffee (equal channel extrusion) in order to overcome the disadvantage of the reduced cross-sectional area of the material after hot working. This is to place the heated material in the scale area channel, and then push the rod to push the material to pass the material through the angular channel of the same area. When the material changes through the angle, plastic deformation occurs, and a large amount of shear stress is introduced, which causes the microstructure of the material to change. Since the cross-sectional area of the material of the alloy material is maintained by the single-pass addition of ECAE, the cross-sectional area of the material remains unchanged. Therefore, in order to make the material reach the effective deformation of the material, the amount of processing deformation must be repeated several times. · New fruit; another 6 1273023, which is disclosed by the invention, does not see a structure for continuous processing of the alloy, which means that the alloy material must be removed from the mold after each pass of processing, and then re-inserted into the mold for processing. . At this time, the object dispatch is inevitably reduced, so the object must be warmed up again. The flow of the stripped and reheated alloy material is lengthy and cumbersome, resulting in an inefficient reading, and thus commercial applicability is not sufficient. According to the No. 379 patent of the US Patent Gazette, Na Nai Brain Pool and others improved the ECAE mold mechanism, so that the alloy material can be continuously added to Wang Ke (4) to withdraw from the mold. Because the mechanism can only make the single-alloy material Processing at a specific angle affects the uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy material in all directions, and the mechanism also requires (4) pass processing to obtain better effect of improving the alloy properties; _ the invention does not see specific removal or return The construction 'for the processing process of the alloy material, the wire provides a basis for reference, in order to influence the commercial application of the invention. In 1970, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the semi-alloy material has low turbulence, and its fluidity can be controlled by adding shear stress. Later, the semi-solid molding technology of the thixoforming method was developed. In recent years, other research units More developed flow-forming technology. Metal semi-solid molding is a technique in which plastic forming is performed by using a small liquid state around the metal crystal grains, but still maintaining the solid shape of the metal. Since the deformation is mainly achieved by the sliding and rotation between the crystal grains, unlike the plastic deformation in which the conventional forging needs to cause the grains to be displaced, the formability is much easier than forging, and at the same time, it has the advantage of forging. Compared with the traditional die-casting technology, semi-solid molding has the advantages of smooth filling, no turbulence and splashing, low processing temperature, small solidification shrinkage, etc., so the castings have high dimensional accuracy, and the surface of the molded part is flat and smooth. The structure is dense and the grains are fine. In addition, due to the low processing temperature of the metal semi-solid molding and the relative reduction of the thermal shock to the mold, it helps to extend the life of the mold, and the short period of the part is advantageous, which is advantageous for increasing the throughput and shortening the production cycle. In view of the above advantages and disadvantages, the object of the present invention is to: the first length 1 can provide a large amount of deformation of the alloy material and the rapid processing device and method 'to achieve the effect of improving the mechanical properties of the alloy material (4), the area of the alloy material area is processed It will not decrease before and after, increasing the practicality of the alloy material. Second: The alloy material to be processed must be processed in multiple passes in the device without taking it out, providing the alloy processing process and matching the mold to achieve the best effect of improving the alloy material. Third: In order to implement application-related equipment and technology for on-site applications, alloy materials can be produced quickly and in large quantities, making them commercially viable. Fourth, in the implementation of the metal semi-solid processing technology, the apparatus and the process of the present invention are combined with a heating system to process the alloy material at a semi-solid temperature to implement a thixotropic and flow-forming technique. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one of the objects of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus and method for enabling a large amount of deformation of an alloy material and a rapid processing, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the alloy material, and at the same time, the cross-sectional area of the alloy material is not reduced before and after processing, and the alloy is increased. The practicability of the material. The processing apparatus of the present invention includes an extruded container and a squeezing means for subjecting the alloy material or the 8 1273023 semi-solid alloy material in the extruded container to pressure from different directions. The extrusion container has two or more equal (or unequal) area extrusion channels, one end of each channel is penetrated and joined in the extrusion mold, wherein at least two channels having the same direction and the same area are formed to form a long and straight channel , with the use of subsequent material extrusion. The cross-sectional area of the channel in the same direction needs to be the same, and the channel in different directions can match the demand and change the cross-sectional area of the channel. The channel can be a symmetrical figure such as a circle or a square. The pressing device is matched with the push rod of each channel, and the top of the push rod is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the channel, and the pressing material can be repeatedly applied to the alloy material in different directions according to the process in the extrusion channel, so that the alloy material can be used in each channel. Internal flow deformation. The extruded container has a heating device to ensure that the temperature of the hot working is correct. The processing of the material can be achieved from room temperature to the semi-solid temperature range of the alloy. Further, the alloy material may be an alloy block or a semi-solid alloy. According to the second and third objects of the present invention, the alloy material to be processed must be processed in multiple passes in the device without taking out, and the process of alloy processing is provided, and the mold is matched to achieve the best effect of improving the alloy material, and the relevant application is applied. Equipment and technology to implement on-site applications, alloy materials can be quickly and mass-produced, making it commercially viable. The alloy material is placed in the passage of the extrusion container, and the pressure is applied to the alloy material by the push rods in all directions according to the process, so that the material flows and deforms in each channel until the microstructure of the alloy material is refined and evenly distributed and is known. The nature of desire. The alloy material is placed in the extrusion mold during processing, so that it does not need to be taken out, so that the processing process can be prayed and saved. When no pressure is applied to the alloy material, the back pressure can be selectively applied to the material according to the process, so that the shape of the alloy material is intact. When the microstructure of the alloy material is uniform and the desired properties are obtained, the push rods of the gorge are positioned to concentrate the alloy material in the straight and long cross-sectional area channels formed by the channels in the direction of the closed direction, and the two channels 9 1273023 The rod 'extrudes the alloy material into the capacity n to obtain the alloy material of the desired nature, and the material display area can be the same as the original material; or according to the process requirements, the material can be withdrawn from the passage of the desired size. The above-mentioned action of withdrawing the alloy material can also be combined with an extrusion die to extrude the alloy material into a desired size. After the alloy material is withdrawn, another alloy to be processed can be loaded into the channel, and the above process is repeated. In this way, the alloy material can be continuously processed in the extrusion mold, and the extrusion and loading materials are simple and mass-produced, thus having the potential for commercialization. According to the fourth object of the present invention, the metal semi-solid processing technology is implemented, and the apparatus and the flow of the present invention are combined with the heating system to process the alloy material at a semi-solid temperature to implement a thixotropic and flow-forming technique. One of the semi-solid processing techniques is a thixotropic molding technique in which the alloy material to be processed is placed in an extrusion mold and heated to a semi-solid temperature of the alloy material in accordance with the processing procedure of the present invention. When the alloy material reaches its semi-solid temperature, the action of pushing the alloy begins. The action of pushing the alloy is the same as the foregoing process. When extruding the material, it can be combined with the forging die, which can be the mold of the desired object. The second method of semi-solid processing technology is flow-forming technology. The processing program is to melt the alloy material while heating and extruding the mold to the processing temperature. When it is to be processed, fix the push rod to the position, and then pour a fixed amount of metal melt into the channel. After the molten soup slowly cools down to the semi-solid temperature, the action of extruding the alloy material begins. The action of extruding the alloy material is the same as the aforementioned process. After the molten soup is poured into the extrusion mold, the cooling and solidification process must pass through the semi-solid temperature range of the alloy material, and the action of the extruded alloy material in this temperature range is the flow-forming technique. When extruding the material, it can be combined with a forging die, which can be the mold of the desired object. 1273023 [Embodiment] A method and an apparatus for improving the properties of an alloy material according to the present invention. The processing equipment includes an extrusion hopper and an extrusion device that allows the alloy or semi-solid alloy material in the extruded container to receive applied pressure from different directions. There are more than two equal (or unequal) cross-sectional channels in the extruded container, at least two of which have channels in the same direction to form a long, straight channel. One end of each channel is penetrated and joined in the extrusion mold, and the other end of the passage is matched with the pressing device to perform the action of extruding the alloy, and the cross section of the passage may be a circular or square symmetrical shape. The pressing device is matched with the push rod of each channel, and the top of the push rod is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the channel, and the pressing material can be repeatedly applied to the alloy material in different directions according to the process, so that the alloy material can be in each channel. Flow deformation. The present invention is described herein as an embodiment in which four or more circular cross-sectional area molds are used. Please refer to the map - including the extrusion capacity, composed of two mold bodies 12, the cross-body groove 13 in the mold body, the two mold bodies 12 can be combined to obtain a circular cross-sectional area (four) The channel squeezes the mold. The squeezing device is matched with the turn 14 of each channel, and the push rod is formed into a circular shape 15 in accordance with the shape of the channel. The alloy material can be repeatedly tested in different directions according to the process of the extruded container towel (not labeled). To make the material flow and deform in each channel. The extruded container has a heating device (not labeled) that can be used to heat up the temperature. The processing procedure according to the present invention can be applied to the material by applying different pressures to the respective push rods as needed to develop an optimum process. Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which two types of X-rays are combined with the four-channel extrusion die; FIG. 2 (1) to (8) show that the preheated alloy material 21 is placed in the upper and lower channels 26 and 28, The pressure of the push rods 22, 24 is plastically deformed to flow to the left and right passages 27, 29 of 11 1273023. Figs. (B) to (C) show that the alloy material 21 flows to the left and right passages 27, 29 by extrusion deformation, and then the material 21 is pressed by the push rods 23, 25 to deform the material to the upper and lower passages 26, 28. Figure 1 (D): After repeatedly extruding the alloy material until the desired alloy properties, the push rods 23, 25 are fixed to the position, and the alloy material is concentrated on the straight and long passages formed by the upper and lower passages 26, 28, The push rod 22 of the passage 26 extrudes the alloy material 21 into the extrusion mold 20 to obtain an alloy of the desired properties, and the cross-sectional area of the alloy material 21 before and after processing is not reduced. Figure 2 (E) ~ (H) is another embodiment of the processing flow for the four-channel extrusion die; Figures 2 (E) ~ (F) show that the alloy material 31 is placed in the upper channel 36, subject to the pressure of the push rod 32 The plastic deformation flows to the passages 37, 38. Figs. (F) to (G) show that the alloy material 31 is further pressed to the passages 36, 39. Figure 2 (H); after repeatedly extruding the alloy material 31 until the desired alloy properties, the alloy material 31 is concentrated on the straight and long passages formed by the upper and lower passages 36, 38, and the push rods 33, 35 are fixed to the position. From the push rod 32 of the upper passage 36, the alloy material 31 is extruded into the extrusion mold 20' to obtain an alloy of the desired properties, and the cross-sectional area of the alloy material 31 before and after processing is not reduced. When the alloy material 31 is extruded, the S/amp extruding or forging die 3Q can be extruded to extrude the alloy material 31 into a desired size. The alloy material described above may be an alloy block or a metal refining liquid. In the above-mentioned process, the push rods 22 to 25, 32 35 may be selected to be suitably pressed against the alloy material 2, as needed, to keep the alloy material 2 in place or complete in shape. After the alloy material 2 is extruded, the alloy material to be processed can be placed, and the above-described processing flow is repeated. In this way, the extrusion and loading materials are simple, and a large number of alloys can be processed continuously, which has the value and potential of commercial application. 12 1273023 The number of times the following alloy materials are flow-deformed by extrusion is called the processing pass. The alloy material is extruded and deformed by flow. The device for improving the properties of the alloy material has an extrusion container having two or more equal (or unequal) cross-sectional areas, wherein at least two channels have the same direction to form a long, straight channel, and the cross-sectional area of the two channels equal. One end of each channel is joined through the extrusion die. The channel section may be a circular shape, a square shape or the like. Referring now to Figure 3: Figure 3 shows another embodiment of a multi-channel extrusion die. Fig. 2(A) - The above four-channel extrusion die can also be a square channel extrusion die 4, and the pushrods 41-44 are also formed into square pushers according to the shape of the channel. The channel milk and 47 have the same cross-sectional area, while the cross-sectional areas of the channels 46 and 48 are the same, but larger than the channels 45 and 47. Both pairs of channels can form long, straight channels for subsequent extrusion of alloy materials. When extruded, the alloy material to be processed (not shown) can be placed in the channels 45, 47, and the cross-sectional area of the material to be processed can be 49 of the cross-sectional area of the push rod. After the diversion view and the completion of the money, the alloy material can be concentrated on the cross-sectional area of the material exiting the passage 45, 47 'that is the phase to be added, or the alloy material can be concentrated in the passage 46, 48, and the alloy material is withdrawn. A larger cross-sectional area of 50 can be obtained. See Figure 3 (B): The three multi-channel extrusion molds can also be three-channel extrusion molds 51, which are small square. When squeezed, a split-squeeze action is performed. At the long passage formed by 57, the passages 55 to 57 have a square cross section and an equal area. The push rod (4) is also matched with the shape of the channel. The alloy material to be processed (not shown) can be placed in the channels 55 to 57. After the machining program is completed, the alloy material can be concentrated in the channel %, and the pusher can be withdrawn by the pusher 53 or 54. The cross-sectional area of the material to be withdrawn is 13 is the same as the alloy material to be processed. As shown in Fig. 3(A), the channels of different directions of the three-channel mode 51 may also change the area of the section, but the channels 56, 57 in the same direction. The cross-sectional area needs to be the same. The three-channel shape can also be a circular symmetrical pattern. The multi-channel extrusion die can also be a 6-channel extrusion die 6G, please refer to the third (6): the six-channel extrusion die 6G is shown as a cross-section of the channel 61-66, and each has a channel cross-sectional area in the same direction. Equal so that the action of the extruded alloy material can be performed in all three directions. When extruded, the alloy material to be processed (not shown) can be placed in any channel 61~66 to carry out the split type. After the processing procedure, the alloy material can be collected in the long passage of the passage 61~66. Exit by the push rods 67~69. The six channels described above may also have different cross-sectional areas, but it is necessary to maintain the same cross-sectional area of the channels in the same direction to perform the extrusion material action. After the above-mentioned extrusion alloy material is completed, another alloy material to be extruded can be placed in the passage, and the above-mentioned split extrusion process is repeated. In this way, the alloy material can be continuously processed in the extrusion mold, and the extrusion and loading materials are simple and mass-produced, thus having commercial value and potential. The multi-channel extrusion die described above preferably has three to eight channels. The reason is that the processing apparatus and method thereof of the present invention can provide a large amount of plastic deformation of the alloy material under a minimum of processing passes, and the number of eight channels may be the same as that of the extrusion die of more channels, and the other eight channels Extrusion molds within a few have less installation cost, so extrusion molds within eight channels can meet high economic benefits. The following experiments were conducted with specific processing equipment to test the theory of the present invention. Referring to the first figure, the length of the four equal-area circular passages 13 is 125 mm, the diameter is 25 mm; the length of the push rod is 276, and the diameter of 1273023 is 25 mm; the length of the test piece to be processed is i2 mm. For the steps of the experiment of the present invention, please refer to the second figure (A) ~ (D): (A) ~ (the magic figure shows that the alloy material 21 to be processed is first heated to the operating temperature outside the mold body 20, and the extrusion mold 2 is also At the same time, it is heated to the operating temperature. After the desired temperature is reached, the alloy material 21 is placed in the channels 26, 28 'the pusher 22, 24 is used to extrude the alloy material 21 at a rate of 1 leg per minute to make the alloy The material 21 is deformed and shunted to the other two channels 27, 29. In this experiment, the alloy material 21 is also back pressed by the push rods 23, 25, and thus the shape is unchanged. When this one-time processing is completed, the push rod 23 is further 25 is applied to the alloy material to be split and deformed again to the original passages 26, 28, and the push rods 22, 24 are instead applied with back pressure on the alloy material 21 to keep the shape of the material fixed. Therefore, the alloy material 21 is squeezed. The extrusion process is carried out in the container 20. The embodiments of the extrusion die and the processing procedure described above are as follows: 1. A11 wt.%Si town bond, 2· conventional casting A1 - 12wt. % Si ingot, * 3 · traditionally cast AA5G83 alloy, are described as follows: 1. A Bu 21 wt.% Si casting rotation: A1-21 wt.% The Si alloy was tested in the above extrusion apparatus and flow. The experimental operating temperature was 30 (TC, the maximum thrust of the push rod was 1 〇. Ai 2i wt.% Si is a hypereutectic bismuth alloy, see Figure 4: The metallographic diagram can be seen that the gray-grained primary crystal granules are coarse and irregular, with sharp-edged sharp edges, because the stress is easy to concentrate on 15 1273023. The first crystal of the primary spar is added with the initial (four) particles coarse, hard and brittle. , the initial _ easy to become the starting point of the fracture, resulting in almost no ductility of the mechanical properties of the alloy, so the alloy can not be applied to the traditional thermal processing process to enhance the properties of the alloy. The alloy is shunted by the device after four people π See Figure 5. The primary crystal can be hybridized and spheroidized, and the spheroidized microstructure will inevitably increase the ductility of the Al-21 wt.%Si alloy. The apparatus and process of the present invention can make Al-21 wt. The shape of the %Si alloy remains intact and there is no damage. 2· A Bu 12 wUSi pound ingot: M-12 wt% Si alloy is tested with the above extrusion device and process 'Experimental operating temperature is 3 〇〇. (:, push The maximum thrust of the rod is 1 〇 〇. Μ』 wt.%Si is a eutectic alloy, please see the figure Sixth: The metallographic diagram of the scale can be seen that the shape of the total _1 is long and miscellaneous. For example, the micro-simple damage of the miscellaneous, causing poor mechanical properties, the alloy is distributed by the device four times. Please refer to Figure 7; the eutectic enthalpy can be obviously broken and spheroidized, and then the mechanical properties of the alloy can be improved. 3· AA5083 aluminum alloy: AA5083 aluminum alloy is tested by the above extrusion device and process, and the experimental operation temperature is 300 °C. The maximum thrust of the push rod is 2 ton. After the split extrusion, the alloy material is taken out of the extrusion die for quenching action, and the annealing temperature is 343 〇c_hour. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that the grain size of AA5083 alloy before processing is 3〇〇~4〇〇" m(A) 'The grain is deformed into strips after being shunted and extruded (8), and then annealed. Thereafter, the recrystallized grain size is suddenly reduced to 40 to 80 /zmCC). It can be seen from the above examples that after the alloy is processed by the processing device and the process of the present invention, the mechanical properties of the alloy material can be obviously improved by a few passes, and the process of extruding the material can be continuously manufactured. Improve efficiency and meet the value of commercial applications. 16 ^273023. It should be understood that the "alloy material" described herein is only an example, not a limitation. For example, this case has also succeeded in taking care of the self-mixing polymer, shouting and/or plastic... Or synthetic basic material products. Zhong Zhu's above should fully understand the present invention. However, those who are familiar with the art can be modified as a whole, and they are all protected by the scope of the patent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first figure shows an exploded view of an example of a processing apparatus for improving the properties of an alloy material of the present invention; the first figure (Α)~(Η) represents a schematic diagram of the jade process of the nature of the material of the thief good alloy; (A) to (C) show schematic views of a processing apparatus for improving the properties of an alloy material of the present invention; the fourth diagram shows a metallographic diagram when an Al-21 wt.% Si alloy material is cast; and the fifth figure shows Al-21 wt.% Si The alloy material is processed by the processing device, and the metallographic diagram is processed after four passes. The sixth figure shows the metallographic diagram of the A1-12 wt.%Si alloy material during casting; the seventh figure shows the A1-12 wt.%Si alloy material. Processing device, metallographic diagram after four passes; eighth figure (eight) ~ (〇表The metallographic diagram of AA5083 alloy material: A) is the metallographic diagram of M5〇83 casting; (B) is the metallographic diagram of AA5083 split extrusion; (c) is the AA5〇83 split extrusion type of post-annealing gold Phase diagram; [Main component symbol description] Figure 1: 13 cross channel groove 11 extrusion container 12 mold body 14 push rod 15 push rod top 17 1273023 Figure 1 20 four channel extrusion mold 21 alloy material 22 push rod 23 push rod 24 push rod 25 push rod 26 channel 27 channel 28 channel 29 channel 30 extrusion die 31 alloy material 32 push rod 33 push rod 34 push rod 35 push rod 36 channel 37 channel 38 channel 39 channel figure three (A) 40 four channel squeeze Molding 41 square push rod 42 square push rod 43 square push rod 44 square push rod 45 channel 46 channel 47 channel 48 channel 49 square section 50 square section view three (B) 51 three channel extrusion die 52 square Push rod 53 square push rod 54 square push rod 55 channel 56 channel 57 channel Figure three (C) 60 six channel extrusion die 61 square channel 62 square channel 63 square channel 64 square channel 65 square channel 66 square channel 67 square push Rod 68 square push rod 69 square putter