1264478 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於申請專利範圍第1項的引文的一種複合體 ，它具有一個鋼製本體以及一施覆在其上的加熱覆層，此 外還關於申請專利範圍第17項的引文的一種製造此複合 體的方法。 【先前技術】 在尽膜技術上有加熱裝置被開發以作各種不同用途， 它們呈覆層方式牢牢施在一金屬基質或一鋼體的表面上。 這些加熱元件（它們大多由電阻通路設置構成）利用一絕 緣層（它由介電材料或玻璃陶瓷構成）對該金屬基質或鋼體 作電絕緣。所有的層在施覆後藉著燒入（Einbrennen，英 :burn in)而固結成一個層複合物，該層複合物與該鋼體構 成一複合體。其例子見於德專利DE—A1 —3536268或此―M — 3545445 。 ---π ，例如名 射出成型工具中的熱通道系統常見者，則往往會發生問焉 。射出成形工具的熱通道系統-般具有分配管路的分枝辞 路及加熱通道喷嘴具有鋼製的材料管），言亥#料管: 各依使用情形而受極高的内部壓力。為了使該分配系統^ 的熱物料不致於提前冷㉛，故在材料管的周圍側 熱裝置。 11 $ λ 張將該加熱裝置用 的層利用一供應器 為此，國際專利WO-Al-0023245 ^ 所謂的細膜印刷程序施覆，其中，個別 1264478 (Dlspenser)施覆。這種裎序較繁複，因為該供應器的空心 針（KantUe)須準確地將該陶究E或材料f的㈣Μ" ，以施覆該絕緣層或蓋層。俾產生封閉的層。該封閉層因 此不能經常有-致的厚度或密度，因此幾乎不能避免到痕 形成。 、如果該材料管在操作溫度時受到該脈動式的内壓負荷 (這種内壓負荷係在技術上受射出成形程序所影響卜則 在該熱通道統操作時造成另—缺點。這種Μ，以及這 種將流道壁加熱到300〜45(rc溫度要達到此操作溫度所需 的加熱作業造成彈性伸張的過程，這種彈性伸張直接傳到 ::加熱4置。匕的各層會报快地進到拉伸應力的範圍，使 得在絕緣層中造成撕裂’造成短路，或者使整個加熱裝置 易位（Abplatzen)。 為了防止這種缺點，故人們有將該加熱覆層施覆在一 個未硬化的鋼（輔助）體上，它隨後放到該材料管上。但這 種分別的加熱裝置與材料管並無直接的固體接觸，這點導 丈在熱過渡區的阻力很大’因此熱從加熱元件到該管形流 道的傳遞效率偏差。這點還影響整個溫度調整以及與之相 關的調節成本。 在專利DE A1-1 99 41 〇38提到將加熱層系統直接施 覆㈣材料，且其設計使得錢人（成型）後，相對於 材料管壁受到—定的壓力預應力。這種壓力預應力係用以 下方式產生：依該熱通道管的與膨脹有開的特性值而定， 使。玄玻璃陶曼絕緣層的直線膨服係數的特定誤差配合該金 1264478 屬熱通道管的相關值。這 整體中的强# _ 張力趸裕度式的連接使金屬管 τ的舞性恥脹過程完全 ^ 緣層中仍β π ”寺連接。但在咼負荷時在絕 曰中仍會發生撕裂或其他損壞。 【發明内容】 本發明的目的在將I今 服，並蔣# 寻先則技術的這些缺點與其他缺點克 端的备尸, …復層，匕本身月匕長時承受極 ， 你捉彳/、種廉h而易實施的方法 起又至'皿度變化的個別的層無裂痕地施覆在管形戈拱 起的鋼體上。特別是在 …、 須長期維持功能。……的材枓官上的加熱覆層 特J發明的主要特點見於申請專利範圍第1與第17項的 工仏:分。其進一步的特色見於申請專利範圍帛2〜第15 :及弟18〜第28項。在申請專利範圍帛16項係 的應用。 恨平乂住 一依本發明申請專利範圍第丨項的解決之道，一個複合 體具有一個鋼製的本體及施覆在其上的加熱覆層，其中= 本體由一種析出硬化的鋼製成。 '、" 析出硬化的鋼的性質為：在冷却時形成金屬間析出物 1除了純粹與溫度有關的體積縮減外，還造成鋼體的 一積勺進步減少。因此，析出硬化的鋼在硬化 (uslagerung)程序時會收縮，因此先前施覆在本體表面上 勺加熱復層的壓力預應力在硬化後更加大。此覆層一直與 该鋼體表面牢接，即使該複合體受到極端高的溫度或壓力 負荷亦然。 1264478 依申、請專利範圍第2項，藉著使用高合金鋼’在絕緣 層内的壓力預j力的大小及分佈可特別準確地調整，這點 在依申π專利範圍弟3項該鋼體具有圓形或拱起的 容納該絕緣層時，4去去饮由a $ Μ 次者§依申睛專利範圍第4項該鋼體呈 管形構造，且該加埶覆；I& 體呈 …、復層要鈀到外壁上時，則益形重要。 如果依μ專利範圍第5項，該本體為—熱通 的为配管或材料管，則右姓 、、先 、有特別的優點。在熱通道技術領域 f很重要的，即該要送到一模腔⑽剛如）的射出成 形物料須準確而均勻地一直 . 成 9 /皿化（temperieren)到進到哈 嘴或斷面（Anschnitt)區域中進去。在 ' 丁 xe太在加熱覆層中的裂 上曰造成喷嘴停擺以及製程中，^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 、、、 、 丨但坆點可利用本發明的 複a體的設計有效地避免。 在申請專利範圍第6項的較佳的熱覆層。一個由數個 層及/或層元件構成的層複合物依申請專利範圍第 一：覆在本體上的絕緣層。該絕緣層依申請專利範圍第8 項有一陶£或玻璃"的絕緣層，該絕緣層各依 及所要的層厚度而U —個或者—如中請專利範圍第9 項所述一一由二個或更多的 片由4宙 ⑺層構成。依申凊專利範圍 弟1〇項，在此絕緣層上施覆電阻元件的裝 r牛構成：加熱裝置，該加熱裝置至少片段式地被：二 盍層盍住以保護該電阻路徑（中請專利範圍第㈣）。、、 第絕緣層、電阻元件及/或蓋層依申請專利範圍 弟12項係為燒入的分散液，例如為厚層糊，則在製造技 術上很有利。這些分散液可 句勻而準確地施覆，這點對 1264478 “加熱裝置以後的附著強度及功能性很重要。如不採此 =式，該加熱覆層的個別層或部分層也可依申請專利範圍 第1 3項設計成燒入的箔片形式。 為了使σ亥加熱裝置内或本體内溫度能均勻分布以及發 展’依申請專利範圍第14項的設計，在該加熱覆層的平 面中至少設有—溫度感測器。此感測器—同設在該層複合 物中，這點不會使體積有明顯的增加。同時溫度的變化可 極短時而準確地檢出。 …依申請專利範圍第15項，將該電阻元件及/或溫度感 j °。用的鈿子接點整合在該加熱覆層中。如此，整個加熱 名置可直接整合到一調節電路中。 本發明之複合體的應用，如依申請專利範圍第16項， ^該複合體呈由外加熱的材料管的形式放入一熱通道分配 叩及/或一熱通道喷嘴中，則還有其他重大的優點。將該 加熱裝置用材料合一的方式設在層中，可使之與本體的壁 長期牢接，且因此可牢牢保持在該熱通道分配器或熱通道 噴嘴上。此外，本發明可極有效地避免加熱裝置易位或鬆 脫的情事，其方法係將加熱覆層中的壓力預應力藉著將本 體作析出硬化而依標的提高。 直接施覆雖使厚度尺寸稍微增加，但該加熱覆層整體 佔的空間很少，因此與傳統加熱裝置相較，在近平相同的 功率特點的情況下，能做成極緊密的構形。此外功率密度 可大大提高，因為熱係直接在所要加熱的熱通道元件的表 面上產生並被吸收。大部分敏感的加熱元件過熱的情事可 1264478 有效避免。 ，依=明申請專利範圍第17項係一種製造一種複合體的 方法’它具有一個鋼製的本體以及施覆在其上的加熱覆層 ’此方法亦呈獨立項申請㈣，依此，一股先前在該加熱 伋層中產生的壓力預應力藉此本體的析出硬化而加強。 這種同樣可簡單且可廉價實施的程序以，使本體與 加熱後層之間有持久牢固的接合，因為後者受到該本體在 硬化程序冷料產生的收縮運動在可定義的界限内仍會收 縮’如此造成特別有效的對應力有容耐性的接合作用。該 加熱#置所有的層或部分層有極佳的附著強度，特別是該 絕緣層即使在極端的機械性及熱的負荷也能耐久，因此始 終都能確保最佳之生產結果。 依申請專利範圍第19項，該加熱覆層的各層或各層元 件施覆在本體上，並乾燥、燒入或成形，&中該複合體在 每次燒入程序後冷却到室溫。用此方式，該所有的程序參 數可個別地配合各加熱層，這些加熱層可各依功率需求— —始終作最佳的施覆。 此外，依本發明申請專利範圍第丨9項，該本體的鋼合 金在燒入程序時均化或作熔液退火（l0sungsgitihen英 • solution anneal 或 soluti〇nize)，這點對程序的經濟 性有特別有利的作用。如果燒入溫度等於用於本體的均化 或溶液退火的溫度（申請專利範圍第2〇項），則對此點 亦有助益。當加熱覆層的個別層或層元件成形時，藉此溶 液退火造成穩定的均質混合結晶（α —結晶）。故不再需 11 1264478 分別作控制的製造步驟。 依申請專利範圍第21項的設計特別有利，依此，個別 的層利用網版印刷、用分散液、用浸鍍（Tauchen，英 :immersion)或用噴灑方式施覆。因此可對各層選用各最適 當的方法。全部的層參數，如層厚度、密度、形狀等，可 ‘ 均勻而準確地調整，因此可造成始終有功能的加熱覆層。 - 在申請專利範圍第22項的設計中，各層或層元件在大 氣中燒入或成形，其中燒入溫度依申請專利範圍第23項 係在750°C〜900°C之間。 0 依申請專利範圍第24項，本體表面在施覆加熱覆層之 前做成粗糙狀（例如藉著喷砂）。如此絕緣層的機械=著 性改善。化學附著性最佳化的方法，係將本體依申請專利 範圍第25項在施覆該覆層前先清洗並氧化。 在施覆加熱覆層之後，將本體的鋼合金依申請專利範 圍第26項藉著重新退火而析出(auslagern)或時效硬化 (altern英：age harden)。如此形成細小的金屬間 (mtermetaiHsch)的析出物，它們使得本體體積依標的^ · 少。因此在該施覆在本體的加熱覆層内產生壓力應力，它 可將長期地本體的機械負荷抵消掉，例如將金屬管的内壓 力負何抵消。 此處重要的一點係為：依申請專利範圍第27項，該析 出溫度比加熱覆層的個別層的燒入溫度小。如此，該加熱 覆層的個別層或層it件的成形作用以及其保持在—起的^ 用都不會受擾亂。此外，在加熱覆層中的壓力預應力可以 12 1264478 ^铨化地提高，而不會妨礙其功 序可用簡單年π、、隹士 千^數或功能性。整個程 手ί又準確控制，如此程序 本序成本保持很低。 敘述以及以τ > Ρ 一极；見於申請專利範圍的 汉u下貫施例的說明。 【實施方式】 在本發明一較佳實施例中，所 料係為-種用…、。。、“及/“二:：:的起始材 化的鋼，例如Yq r λ 1作向合金之析出硬 —从 NiA1Mo 1 2921。舉例而言，本體構成 -材料管，它具有一圓的表面冓成 道噴嘴之闲外紅 個由外加熱的熱通 、备之用’该熱通道噴嘴係用於射出成形模具。 本體上的破/又有加熱覆層。此加熱覆層由-直接位在 :路徑…當作加熱元件）、以及-位在該電阻： 上的盍層（以保護加熱裝置免受外界影響）。加熱覆声 與本體互相接合成何鬆開的方式且-同構成-複合體复。曰 材料管-般用二步驟作析出硬化，即：將合金作溶液 退火，以及隨後硬化或時效硬化（Alt hardening)。 开.age 但加熱覆層的個別層或層元件係在先前呈厚層糊的方 式施覆及燒入或成形，#中在該厚層糊燒入的同時，將合 金作溶液退火。 ' 在此程序開始時，該仍未硬化的鋼體在機械加工結束 後，首先作喷砂，俾改善對於加熱覆層的機械附著性質， 如此造成一定之表面粗糙度。麸祛脾姑粗总m …、傻將材枓官用乙醇或溫硝 13 1264478 酸⑽03)清洗’並在_ 85〇。。氧〖。如此在 生一氧化㈣膜，它可改善絕緣層的附著作用。 產 預處理結束後，製造加熱覆層。 =緣層的起始材料宜為—種分散液，特収 緣的厚膜糊，它用網们、也、，认^ 種甲、、、巴 。最好將、▲卩刷法㈣Μ度印㈣本體表面 取子將Μ個的個別層先後施覆，其中各程分別乾斤。 如果達所要的層厚度’則將絕緣層在—適當 中 大氣中在約8阶成形，如此產生均勾的玻璃㈣组織中在 燒入與溶液退火一--齊同時進行 、在此，燒入溫度相當於該本體均化或作溶液退火所· 的溫度。此二程岸一 ·. 而 此外，藉著使絕緣層的線熱脹係數作特定之誤差配人 ，以匹配材料管的線熱脹係數，在絕緣層燒入時，並内 產生一股機械壓力預應力。如此在複合體中造成可耐應力 的接使得作為加熱層之載體層用的絕緣層已能夠在某 種限度内承受材料管中的脈動式負荷（這種内壓力負荷在 技術上文到射出成形程序影響），而不會在加熱裝置上 _ 生裂痕或損壞。 Χ 如果本體已隨該燒入的絕緣層冷却到室溫，則首先將 ^私〃丨L的電阻元件的端子接點（以及可能還有溫度感測 . -的鳊子接點）施覆上去並乾燥。此這些端子接點開始， 將加熱以及溫度感測器用的電阻通道（它們太多為蜿蜒曲 折或螺％幵’者）施覆上去’為此，其中--如在端子接點 的情形一〜使用導電糊，它們係用網版印刷或用一種供應 14 1264478 杰施到絕緣層上。乾燥作業係在個別層施覆後做。然後將 所有導電的層元件共同燒入並冷却到室溫。在此，本體重 新作溶液退火，但這點對其組織仍無最終的作用。 盖層同樣地為一種電絕緣的玻璃陶瓷，它係用網版印 、 刷施覆在该電阻元件、端子接點、及該部分仍自由外露的 系巴緣層上，並作乾燥，然後在約750°C〜900°C成形。 在取後的燒入程序後，將本體連同已施覆上去的加熱 復層在氮氣下重新加熱到約5251，並在此溫度保持一定 %間。廷段保持時間結束後，將該複合體冷却，其冷却速泰 率宜為10° K/分。 析出硬化的鋼在525 t：硬化時在所有方向收縮了約 0.07/。且在冷ΪΡ時約為lippm/。κ，如此，該加熱裝置之 先前施覆及形成的層再受到壓力應力。析出硬化作用，造 成額外的壓力預應力，因此整個加熱覆層本身可承受極端 的服度與内壓力負荷在材料管中長期保持住。熱通道噴嘴 二〗用這種以材料接合方式施覆的加熱層在各程序階段中 直作最適當的均溫化（temper丨打⑶）。 φ A本體在硬化程序後，其硬度約HRC52。 μ度感測杰宜位於與加熱層的電阻路徑相同的平面中 二 士柒子接點整合在該加熱層中。該加熱層構成 · 一種由數個層或層元件構成的層複合物。該層複合物鱼本 體連接成：可鬆開的方式，構成一可加熱的複合體。 由於问的TKR，該加熱電阻本身可當作溫度感測器之 用。為此’要檢出電壓，係將電壓從這些呈婉誕狀或螺旋 15 1264478 阻路徑的所要區域向外導出。當電流已知 之部分電壓求出相關區域中的溫度。 狀延伸的電 可經由所求 本發明不限於上述實施例 此，加熱覆層的個別的或所有 或浸鍍而施覆。但如不採此方 與厚層糊相同的方式燒入。 時 ，而可呈許多方式變更。因 的層或層元件也可以藉嘴$麗 式’也可使用續片，它們用1264478 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 】 A method of making the composite of the citation of claim 17 of the patent application. [Prior Art] In the film-forming technique, heating devices have been developed for various purposes, and they are applied to the surface of a metal substrate or a steel body in a coating manner. These heating elements, which are mostly constructed of resistor paths, are electrically insulated from the metal substrate or steel body by an insulating layer which is composed of a dielectric material or a glass ceramic. All layers are consolidated into a layer composite by burning (Einbrennen, burn in) after application, and the layer composite forms a composite with the steel body. An example of this can be found in German Patent DE-A1 - 3536268 or this - M - 3545445. ---π , such as the name of the hot channel system in injection molding tools, often occurs. The hot aisle system for injection molding tools - the branching path with the distribution line and the heating channel nozzle has a steel material tube), the haihai # tube: each subject to extremely high internal pressure depending on the use case. In order to keep the hot material of the dispensing system from being preheated 31, a heat device is placed around the side of the material tube. 11 $ λ sheets use a layer for the heating device. For this purpose, the international patent WO-Al-0023245 ^ is called a fine film printing procedure, in which individual 1264478 (Dlspenser) is applied. This order is more complicated because the hollow needle (KantUe) of the supplier must accurately apply the ceramic or the material f to the insulating layer or cover layer.俾 produces a closed layer. The sealing layer therefore cannot always have a thickness or density, so that the formation of marks can hardly be avoided. If the material tube is subjected to the pulsating internal pressure load at the operating temperature (this internal pressure load is technically affected by the injection molding process, it causes another disadvantage in the operation of the hot runner system. And the process of heating the flow channel wall to 300~45 (the rc temperature required to reach the operating temperature causes the elastic stretch to occur, the elastic stretch is directly transmitted to:: heating 4 sets. Quickly enter the range of tensile stress, causing tearing in the insulating layer to cause a short circuit, or to make the entire heating device translocate. In order to prevent this disadvantage, the heating coating is applied to An unhardened steel (auxiliary) body, which is then placed on the material tube. However, the separate heating device does not have direct solid contact with the material tube, which is a great resistance in the thermal transition zone. Therefore, the transfer efficiency of heat from the heating element to the tubular flow path is deviated. This also affects the overall temperature adjustment and the associated adjustment costs. The patent DE 1-1 99 41 〇 38 mentions the direct application of the heating layer system. (4) The material, and its design, allows the person to be subjected to a predetermined pressure pre-stress with respect to the wall of the material after forming (forming). This pressure pre-stress is produced in the following manner: according to the characteristic value of the hot-channel tube and the expansion However, the specific error of the linear expansion coefficient of the Xuan glass Tauman insulation layer is matched with the correlation value of the gold channel 1264478 which belongs to the hot channel tube. The strong # _ tension 趸 marginal connection in the whole makes the metal tube τ The dance swell process is completely connected to the β π ′′ temple in the edge layer. However, tearing or other damage may still occur in the sputum during load rejection. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to serve Jiang # 寻先先技术技术's shortcomings and other shortcomings of the squad, the stratification, 匕 匕 匕 匕 承受 承受 承受 承受 承受 承受 承受 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 The individual layers are applied to the steel body of the tubular Ge arch without cracks. Especially in..., the function must be maintained for a long time. The main features of the invention are found in the patent application. The work of items 1 and 17 of the scope: points. The characteristics of the steps are found in the scope of application for patents 帛2~15: and 18th to 28th. In the scope of application for patents 帛16 applications. Hate Pingyi lives in accordance with the scope of the application of the scope of the invention patent A composite body having a steel body and a heating coating applied thereto, wherein = the body is made of a precipitation hardened steel. ', " The properties of the precipitated hardened steel are: forming a metal upon cooling In addition to the purely temperature-dependent volume reduction, the intervening material 1 also causes a decrease in the growth of the steel body. Therefore, the precipitation hardened steel shrinks during the hardening process, so the spoon is previously applied to the surface of the body. The pressure prestressing of the heated composite layer is greater after hardening. This coating is always in close contact with the surface of the steel body, even if the composite is subjected to extremely high temperature or pressure loads. 1264478 According to the application, the second part of the scope of the patent, by using the high-alloy steel 'the size and distribution of the pressure in the insulation layer can be adjusted particularly accurately, this point in the third phase of the patent When the body has a circular or arched shape to accommodate the insulating layer, 4 goes to drink by a $ Μ § § 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申 申When the layer is palladium on the outer wall, the shape is important. If the body is in accordance with item 5 of the scope of the patent, the body is a pipe or a material pipe, and the right name, the first, and the first have special advantages. In the field of hot runner technology, it is important that the injection-molded material to be sent to a cavity (10) just and accurately must be accurately and uniformly maintained. 9 / temperieren into the mouth or section ( Go in the area of Anschnitt). In the case where the 'single xe is too high in the crack in the heating coating to cause the nozzle to stop and the process, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , A preferred thermal coating in claim 6 of the patent application. A layer composite consisting of several layers and/or layer elements is in accordance with the scope of the patent application: an insulating layer overlying the body. The insulating layer has an insulating layer of glass or glass according to item 8 of the patent application scope, and the insulating layer is respectively dependent on the desired layer thickness, or is as described in item 9 of the patent scope. Two or more sheets are composed of 4 (7) layers. According to the claim 1 of the patent scope, the mounting of the resistor element on the insulating layer constitutes a heating device, and the heating device is at least in a fragmented manner: the second layer is clamped to protect the resistance path. Patent scope (4)). The first insulating layer, the resistive element and/or the cap layer are in accordance with the scope of the patent application. The 12th item is a burnt dispersion, for example, a thick layer paste, which is technically advantageous. These dispersions can be applied uniformly and accurately, which is important for the adhesion strength and functionality of the heating device after 1264478. If this method is not used, individual layers or partial layers of the heating coating can also be applied for. Article 13 of the patent scope is designed in the form of a burnt foil. In order to uniformly distribute the temperature inside or within the body of the HIH heating device and to develop the design according to item 14 of the patent application, in the plane of the heating coating At least a temperature sensor is provided. The sensor is disposed in the layer composite, which does not cause a significant increase in volume. At the same time, the temperature change can be accurately detected in a very short time. Patent application No. 15, the resistance element and/or the temperature sense j °. The tweezers used are integrated in the heating coating. Thus, the entire heating name can be directly integrated into an adjustment circuit. The application of the composite, as in the scope of claim 16 of the patent application, ^ the composite is placed in the form of an externally heated material tube into a hot aisle distribution port and / or a hot aisle nozzle, there are other major Advantage. The heating device The material is placed in a layer so that it can be firmly attached to the wall of the body for a long time, and thus can be firmly held on the hot channel distributor or the hot channel nozzle. Moreover, the present invention can be extremely effectively avoided. The heating device is translocated or loosened by the method that the pressure pre-stress in the heating coating is improved by the precipitation of the body. The direct coating increases the thickness dimension slightly, but the heating coating as a whole It occupies a small amount of space, so compared with the conventional heating device, it can be made into a very compact configuration under the same power characteristics of the near-flat. In addition, the power density can be greatly improved because the heat is directly at the heat to be heated. The surface of the channel element is generated and absorbed. The overheating of most sensitive heating elements can be effectively avoided by 1264478. According to the patent application, the 17th item is a method for manufacturing a composite body, which has a steel body. And a heating coating applied thereto. This method is also in the independent application (4), whereby a pressure pre-stress previously generated in the heating layer is thereby Enhanced by precipitation hardening. This procedure, which is also simple and inexpensive to implement, provides a permanent and strong bond between the body and the heated layer, since the latter is definable by the shrinking motion of the body in the hardening process. The inside of the boundary will still shrink. This results in a particularly effective joint effect on the stress tolerance. This heating has excellent adhesion strength for all layers or partial layers, especially the insulation layer even in extreme mechanical and thermal properties. The load can also be durable, so that the best production results are always ensured. According to the scope of claim 19, the layers or layers of the heating coating are applied to the body and dried, burned or formed, & The composite is cooled to room temperature after each burning process. In this way, all of the program parameters can be individually matched to the heating layers, which can be individually adapted to the power demand - always optimally applied. . In addition, according to the ninth item of the patent application scope of the present invention, the steel alloy of the body is homogenized or melt-annealed during the burning process (l0sungsgitihen English solution anneal or soluti〇nize), which has economics for the program. A particularly advantageous effect. This is also helpful if the burn-in temperature is equal to the temperature used for homogenization or solution annealing of the body (Patent No. 2 of the patent application). When the individual layers or layer elements of the heating coating are formed, solution annealing results in stable homogeneous mixed crystallization (α-crystallization). Therefore, 11 1264478 is no longer required for the manufacturing steps of the control. The design according to item 21 of the patent application is particularly advantageous, whereby individual layers are applied by screen printing, by dispersion, by immersion plating (Tauchen, immersion) or by spraying. Therefore, the most appropriate method can be selected for each layer. All layer parameters, such as layer thickness, density, shape, etc., can be 'uniformly and accurately adjusted, thus resulting in a always functional heating coating. - In the design of the 22nd section of the patent application, each layer or layer component is burned or formed in the atmosphere, wherein the burning temperature is between 750 ° C and 900 ° C according to the 23rd item of the patent application. 0 According to Clause 24 of the patent application, the surface of the body is roughened before application of the heating coating (for example by sand blasting). The mechanical properties of such an insulating layer are improved. The method of optimizing chemical adhesion is to clean and oxidize the body according to item 25 of the patent application scope before applying the coating. After the application of the heating coating, the steel alloy of the body is precipitated (auslagern) or age hardened by reannealing according to item 26 of the patent application. The formation of fine intermetallic precipitates (mtermetai Hsch) thus makes the volume of the body less than the standard. Therefore, a compressive stress is generated in the heating coating applied to the body, which can offset the mechanical load of the body for a long period of time, for example, offsetting the internal pressure of the metal pipe. An important point here is that, according to item 27 of the patent application, the precipitation temperature is lower than the burning temperature of the individual layers of the heating coating. Thus, the forming action of the individual layers or layers of the heating coating and the maintenance thereof are not disturbed. In addition, the pressure pre-stress in the heating coating can be increased by 12 1264478 without hindering the use of simple π, gentleman or functionality. The entire process is accurately controlled, so the cost of the program is kept low. Narrative and τ > Ρ one pole; see the description of the patent application scope. [Embodiment] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material is - used. . "and /" two::: the starting material of the steel, such as Yq r λ 1 for the precipitation of the alloy - from NiA1Mo 1 2921. For example, the body constitutes a tube of material having a rounded surface that is free of red heat from the outside of the nozzle, and which is used for injection molding. Broken on the body / heated coating. This heating coating consists of - directly on the path: as a heating element), and a layer of tantalum on the resistor: to protect the heating device from the outside. Heating the sound and the body are joined to each other in a loose manner and - the same composition - complex complex.曰 The material tube is generally subjected to precipitation hardening in two steps, that is, annealing the alloy as a solution, and then hardening or hardening (Alt hardening). However, the individual layers or layer elements of the heated coating are applied and burned or formed in a manner previously thickened, and the alloy is annealed as a solution while the thick paste is being burned. At the beginning of this procedure, the steel body, which has not yet hardened, is first sandblasted after the end of machining, and the mechanical adhesion properties to the heating coating are improved, thus causing a certain surface roughness. Bran spleen and spleen total m ..., silly material 枓 official with ethanol or warm nitrate 13 1264478 acid (10) 03) cleaning ' and at _ 85 〇. . oxygen〖. This produces an oxidized (tetra) film which improves the adhesion of the insulating layer. After the pretreatment is completed, a heating coating is produced. = The starting material of the edge layer should be a kind of dispersion, a thick film paste of the special edge, which uses the nets, also, and recognizes the types of A, B, and B. It is best to, ▲ 卩 brush method (four) Μ degree printing (four) body surface, the individual layers will be applied successively, each of which is smashed. If the desired layer thickness is reached, then the insulating layer is formed in about 8 steps in the appropriate atmosphere, so that the glass (4) in the homogenous hook is formed simultaneously with the sintering and the solution annealing, where it is burned. The inlet temperature corresponds to the temperature at which the bulk is homogenized or the solution is annealed. In addition, by making the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating layer a specific error, matching the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the material tube, when the insulating layer is burned, a mechanical machine is generated. Pressure prestressing. In this way, the stress-resistant connection is made in the composite, so that the insulating layer used as the carrier layer of the heating layer can withstand the pulsating load in the material tube within a certain limit (the internal pressure load is from the technical above to the injection molding). The program affects) without cracking or damage on the heating device. Χ If the body has been cooled to room temperature with the burnt-in insulation, first apply the terminal contacts of the resistor element (and possibly the temperature sensing. And dry. These terminal contacts begin to apply heating and temperature sensing resistors (they are too much tortuous or snails) to do so, where - as in the case of terminal contacts ~ Use conductive paste, they are screen printed or applied to the insulation layer with a supply of 14 1264478. The drying operation is done after the individual layers are applied. All conductive layer elements were then co-fired and cooled to room temperature. Here, the new weight solution is annealed, but this has no final effect on its tissue. The cap layer is also an electrically insulating glass ceramic, which is applied by screen printing, brushing on the resistive element, the terminal contact, and the part of the flange which is still freely exposed, and dried, and then Formed at about 750 ° C to 900 ° C. After the subsequent burn-in procedure, the body was reheated to about 5251 under nitrogen with the applied heating layer and maintained at a temperature of between %. After the end of the holding period, the composite is cooled, and the cooling rate is preferably 10 ° K / min. The precipitated hardened steel shrinks by about 0.07/ in all directions at 525 t: hardening. And when it is cold, it is about lippm/. κ, as such, the layer previously applied and formed by the heating device is again subjected to compressive stress. Precipitation hardening causes additional pressure prestressing, so that the entire heating coating itself can withstand extreme service and internal pressure loads for long periods of time in the material tube. The hot runner nozzle 2 uses this heating layer applied by material bonding to perform the most appropriate temperature equalization (temper ( (3)) in each program stage. After the hardening procedure, the φ A body has a hardness of about HRC52. The μ degree sensing is located in the same plane as the resistance path of the heating layer. The dice tweezers joint is integrated in the heating layer. The heating layer constitutes a layer composite composed of several layers or layer elements. The layer of the composite fish body is joined in a releasable manner to form a heatable composite. Due to the TKR, the heating resistor itself can be used as a temperature sensor. To do this, the voltage is extracted from the desired area of the obstructed path of the spiral or spiral 15 1264478. A portion of the voltage at which the current is known finds the temperature in the relevant region. The extension of the electric power may be obtained by the invention. The invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the individual or all of the heating coating or the immersion plating is applied. However, if you do not use this method, burn it in the same way as thick paste. It can be changed in many ways. The layer or layer component can also be used as a sequel or a sequel, which can be used.
本體的鋼合金也可為一種鎳姑熱工作鋼。重要的一點 :、，該鋼就該加熱層的燒入或燒結作業方面而纟，係適合 门達850〜9〇〇 c的尖峰溫度者。此外’在使用條件下必須 維持高達45(TC溫度及高達2000巴的壓力負荷。 、The steel alloy of the body can also be a nickel hot working steel. The important point is that the steel is suitable for the burning or sintering operation of the heating layer, and is suitable for a peak temperature of 850 to 9 〇〇 c. In addition, it must be maintained up to 45 under the conditions of use (TC temperature and pressure load up to 2000 bar.
我們知道’要使用析出硬化的鋼當作起始材料。這種 情形與一般經由碳麻田散鐵的硬化作業不同——係發生金 屬間析出作用，此析出作用可經由選擇合金而準確㈣： 在硬化時發生的收縮作用使得絕緣層或在整個加熱覆層中 的壓力應力加大’這點使加熱裝置的保持性與功能安全性 大大改善。一般方式硬化的鋼不能達到所有這些功效。人 們會將鋼體以臨界冷却速度冷却。但所需的高溫與高冷却 速率會破壞加熱覆層，這種情事可依本發明用簡單廉價的 方式免。 全部在申請專利範圍中及說明書中 〜门曰Y所述的特點及優點 ’包括結構細節、空間設置及程序步驟 i ^ ^ ^驟，廷些特徵不論是 單獨的互相或組合的，都在本發明的保護範圍内。 16We know that 'precipitated hardened steel is used as the starting material. This situation is different from the hardening operation of the loose iron in carbon field. The intermetallic precipitation occurs, which can be accurately determined by selecting the alloy. (4): The shrinkage that occurs during hardening causes the insulating layer or the entire heating coating. The increase in the stress stress in the 'this makes the heating device maintainability and functional safety greatly improved. Steels hardened in the general way do not achieve all of these efficiencies. The steel will be cooled at a critical cooling rate. However, the high temperatures and high cooling rates required can damage the heated coating, which can be avoided in a simple and inexpensive manner in accordance with the present invention. All of the features and advantages described in the scope of application and in the specification - including the structure details, space settings and program steps i ^ ^ ^, some of the characteristics of the individual or combined, in this Within the scope of protection of the invention. 16