TWI261951B - Smart antenna device applied to base station - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention employs a smart antenna device applied to a base station, which includes a RF radiating unit, an unequal power divider and a Bulter Matrix beam forming network so as to employ four narrower antenna beam width to cover the wider horizontal beam width of the antenna of conventional base station and to reduce the multi-path interference for enhancing the communication quality.

Description

1261951 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a smart antenna device with a main lobe tilting energy and a dual-polarization design. Oblique, upper sideband suppression and anti-cosecant antenna field type smart antenna system. ......V soil called 1 Tu Jiu Bo asked {raw, winter -! The shape of the completion/construction is cylindrical, and may include one to several antennas and receiving antennas on the axis of the sky and at different degrees on the 栌 栌 栌. In the direction of 6^—the base station of the antenna is used in the wrong order = the antenna 'mother group may contain one to three hairs'. 盍 盍 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 ^ 〆 again, 7 flat angle range or sector area and traditional two: the far field of the antenna (four) field type is fan beam): = 3 shape like a flat rectangular box, water) direction length or height is larger ^ Seeing 庋 庋 small and vertical omnidirectional (〇mni d., · Most traditional base station antennas are still (please η丨-d丨rectlonal) or branching-species in the waste of energy 'This is only a small number of eight S to radiate to other directions, and I will use the ancient / number in the I-month t* to dry # i M°, and pass the signal to other directions to disturb other users. ^ It is the 554th patent of the patent notice, the antenna system in the line communication system,

Element for transmitting-beam, the Μ: ν: array of radiation networks for providing Donalu to...the knife is a positive integer; -feed, the feed network includes ·· := array... a radiating element, the number of which can be converted to receive the plurality of signals; each transmission line of the N phase shifter; 1 to a plurality of second number of combiners/distributors for At 1261951, the signals pass through each of the transfer modes, and the signals are transmitted to the first phase by manipulating the second phase shifters after the phase shifter has a number of turns. Line; the first phase shifter has an N number for manipulating the beam based on the signal from the feed network; the second phase is for column based mode, by phase shifting from the beam. A scorpion antenna as described in US Pat. No. 545,714, incorporated in an electronic device, comprising: first resonating with a first frequency signal,

: The r-th shot of the surface is bent with the first plane where the ====γ/τ, and the second is connected to the first one: the first shot is opened between the Korean shots, Cao; the connection part, Used to extend with the :=:τ section, from the connection to the third plane, 4^ opposite to fix the antenna and ground; and the feeder, connect =:: body and outer conductor layer' where the inner conductor The external conductor layer and the grounding portion are electrically connected to the feeding point. *Whether the above cited references are committed? Wenliang antenna system itself, but for the following practical applications in the base station derived from the problem: lack of effective countermeasures: % 1

The conventional technology does not take into account the factors of “users' use of mobile phone habits and the direction of the earth.” Therefore, the antenna elements still use vertical or horizontal polarization, and most of them are two single-polarized structures, occupying the base space. Port < 2. Failure to effectively improve the near-far distance power control problem of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMa). 3 • No improvement has been made to the power carrying capacity of the base station antenna. It can be seen that there are still many room for improvement in the above-mentioned household items. In this case, 7 1261951 people have improved and innovated in view of the above-mentioned practices, and after years of painstaking research, they finally succeeded in researching and developing this piece for application to the base station. Smart antenna device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to provide a smart antenna device for a base station. The polarization diversity of the antenna early is positive 45 degrees and negative 45 degrees, which can improve communication quality. Another object of the present invention is to provide a smart antenna system that can adjust antenna angles at different angles to meet environmental requirements. A third object of the present invention is to provide a smart antenna system that is applied to today's global mobile communication systems and that improves the key technologies of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). Improved Base Station Antenna Power The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a bearer smart antenna system. A smart day applied to a base station

The corresponding position of the forming network. [Embodiment] A line device capable of achieving the above object of the invention includes: a suitable number of gamma 1261951. Referring to Fig. 1, it is an overall configuration diagram of a smart antenna. The invention is mainly divided into three parts in terms of hardware integration: a broadband antenna unit, an unbalanced power splitter 2 (Uneq (four) 丨P〇Wer Divider) and a horizontal beam forming network (Butler Matrix beam forming network 3). 'First fix the antenna unit on the FR4 substrate 4, which is 82 cm long and 39 cm wide, and connect each antenna unit 1 to the unbalanced power splitter 2, and finally to the Butt ^

Matrix beamforming network 3. Both the unbalanced power divider substrate 5 and the substrate 6 of the Matrix beamforming network 3 are made of R〇 material. The antenna measuring system used in the invention has a frequency domain near-field measuring system and an outdoor time domain pulse antenna quantity (four) system, and the near field microwave dark room has a length, a width and a height of 9 A 4.4 λ 3.8 3.8 ft. From 40 GHz to 40 GHz, the time domain pulse antenna measurement system has two transmitting stations with a distance of 115 meters and 236 meters respectively, and the test frequency ranges from ι〇〇ΜΗζ to 2 lakes.

Ansoft HFSS, IE3D and PCAAD are used for simulation and analysis, respectively. Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a structure diagram of a broadband antenna unit. It has a three-lobed three-dimensional structure, 佶. The frequency band designed by the Bowtle antenna is 1 -7 GHz to 2.2 GHz. Because of the winter and the private button, the user terminal of the 仃 仃 通常 usually uses the mobile phone to get used to the earth. In the direction of 45 degrees, the ear of the Α 疋 疋 疋 为 为 为 为 为 的 的 的 的 的 的 另 另 另 另 另 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋 疋The antenna unit needs to be included in the test 1261951. If the design of the antenna unit of the base station is designed to be vertical or horizontally polarized, the polarization direction of the mobile phone is 45 when the mobile terminal uses the mobile phone. The degree of polarization loss factor (P〇larzati〇n Loss Factor; PLF) is 3dB 'that is, the user terminal of the mobile station receives only half of the energy, so we designed the antenna unit of the base station to be dual-polarized. That is, it is a positive 45 degree "negative 45 degree polarization diversity ii (p〇iai^zati〇n Diversity) method, and thus enhance the communication value. In order to meet the needs of the traditional base station, the broadband B〇wtie antenna will be single. Designed into In the form of polarization, the coaxial cable is fed in the simulation. First, confirm that the coaxial cable is 5 〇 ohms; then divide the antenna into two groups by different feeding angles (antenna A) And antenna b), in the designed 1.7GHz~2.2GHz frequency band, the reflection loss of antenna A and antenna B are all below 10dB, and the actual selection of FR4 as the substrate, using the near-field measurement system and adding the reflector as the antenna field The type of measurement 'the measured radiation field E-plane and H-plane of the far field of antenna A and antenna B are shown in Fig. 3A, Fig. 2B, and the far field radiation pattern of antenna A and antenna B. The half-power beamwidth of E_p]ane is about 80 degrees, and the half-power beamwidth of H-plane is about 12 degrees, which increases the gain of antenna A and antenna B measured by the reflector. The antenna gain of antenna a and antenna B is about 5 5dBi~6.6dBi in the designed frequency range of 1.7GHz~2.2GHz. Table 1 increases the gain of 夭 反射 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Antenna A 6-322(dBi) 5.593 (dBi) Antenna B 6.622(dBi) 5.939(dBi) 6· ' 46(dBi) ____________________________ __________________________________ 6-346(dBi) Please refer to Figure 4 for the construction of the unbalanced power splitter. The vertical section antenna field design in this multi-beam base station antenna system uses the unbalanced power knife adapter 2 (IJ nequa 1 P 〇 D D D , , 利用 利用 利用 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Lobe Level) and anti-cosecant antenna field type (csc2 0, Antenna pattern). The main beam down tilted 7 degree function. Because in the cellular communication system, each base station antenna must be responsible for the users in its service area. From the energy point of view, the main lobe needs to point to the service. In the range, the radiant energy is not wasted, and too much radiant energy is avoided to interfere with the adjacent base station and the user, so the main lobe must be tilted. The upper side band is suppressed (Upper Side l〇be Levej) because the base station service object is the user who is located on the surface of the earth, and the antenna has the best transmit and receive main beam ((7) with n in the direction perpendicular to the ground to be able to illuminate The entire coverage area is correct, so the energy of the upper side of the tribute should be as small as possible to avoid interference with the adjacent base station. The anti-cosecant antenna field type (cs, Antenna Patt called the work 1 is anti-cosecant The form of the antenna field type is large, &gt; This can improve the long-distance power control problem of wide-band code division multiplex access (WCDMA). The amplitude error is shown in Table 2, and its error display is limited. The measured vertical 1261951 With the direct cut surface light field type, the phase error is shown in Table 3. Because the phase is changed, the wavelength changes accordingly. Therefore, only the phase of the center frequency is used as long as the phase error does not exceed the temperature. Anti-cosecant antenna = type average nj' JM O g , see, because if the error phase exceeds 10 degrees, the anti-cosecant antenna field cannot be presented exactly. frequency 1.95GHz S91 0.0 Table 2 Actual measurement and analog amplitude error Poor S81 S71 S61 S51 S41 -3.5 -6.7 -9.6 2.2 2.8 S31 ^2.8 S21 —------- - 7.3 Table 3 Actual measurement and simulation phase error

Ά波东forming does not 'ButierMatrix beamforming network 3 is to provide each antenna unit in the array with the same size amplitude, and each antenna alone to produce an equal phase difference, while coffee (10) is 12 1261951, the same way The input 埠3 1 of 3 is equal to the number of output 埠32, and one of the inputs 埠3 1 is fed, and the same is generated at each output 埠32.

The Antenna Beam-Width covers the wide range of field patterns of traditional base station antennas. Dushan Khan w people 琛 early 1 yuan, so the antenna array light shot and use four narrow antennas - width) 'to reduce the multipath path &amp; square bit beam width (azimuth beam interference and can increase The amount of users. During the production process, the UneqUal Power Divider 2 and the BuUer Matrix beamforming network use the RO material instead of the rigid material, and the R〇 material also improves the internal loss. This smart antenna system will replace the traditional base σ antenna, and the traditional base station antenna needs to withstand about W, so the substrate is made of RO material and its power bearing (Power Handling) will reach 100 W 'will solve the base station. The problem of antenna power carrying.

The Butler Matrix Beamforming Network 3 uses two sets of BuUer 波束^ίχ beamforming networks, and each set of Butler Matrix beamforming networks controls a polarization direction. In the production process of the Butler Mairix beamforming network, FR4 and R〇 materials were used as the substrate respectively. First, the FR4 material was used as the substrate and the IE3D simulation software simulation was used. If the signal is from [丨1126951 In each antenna unit, between 7Γί4 in the designed frequency band, the phase generated from 丨.7GHz~2.2GHz, _, is the 45°' signal fed from the L2 terminal and the phase λ θ between the parent antenna elements , ^ sentence 35 degrees, and the signal is fed from the RI terminal, the difference between the parent antenna elements is negative 45 degrees, and the signal is fed from the R2 terminal, the phase difference between each antenna unit is negative 丨35 Degrees, while measuring the phase difference between the input signals from the different input 在 in each, 'spring single 7L as shown in Table 4' can be seen at the center and self-specialized. When the frequency is 1.95 GHz, the phase difference between the antenna elements and the actual value is about 4 degrees compared with the actual value. The g frequency is 1.7 (3Hzi^ 2 /, 2.2 GHz, the phase generated between the antenna elements). The difference between the difference and the actual phase is large, and there is an error of 10 degrees. This is because the wide-band branch-coupler and the 45-degree phase shifter are designed with a center frequency of 95 GHz, so if the frequency deviation is larger, The phase difference between the antenna elements will be different from the actual value. But Butl

Uer Matrix beamforming network uses (10) material as the substrate, using coffee simulation software for simulation, respectively measuring the phase difference generated by the input signal from different input 在 in each antenna unit, as shown in Table 5, which can be seen in When the center frequency (9) is gamma, the phase difference generated between the antenna elements is closer to the phase error of 'about #6 degrees. When the frequency is 2 and 2.2, the phase difference between the antenna elements is The actual phase difference is large, about 12 degrees of error, and the phase difference generated by the input signal from different input 在 is maximum P degree, that is, the phase difference generated between each antenna unit is not Maintain a beam width broadening of the 1261951 antenna array radiation pattern and increase the antenna gain zero (First Null). Figure 5 shows the use of pcAAD k different input 埠 to feed the signal at each antenna unit, which will cause a reduction and The first simulation software simulates the phase # or f produced between the phases. &amp; n ± .. The difference is 1 2 degrees 衿, the stimuli caused by the radiation pattern of the antenna array. Table 4 measures different ^^埠 feed-in signals ^^ produces a phase difference between each antenna element

1 ΔΦ 2 ΔΦ 3 Δ Φ 4 \ :亍, 0 0 -55.2 -55.2 -36.6 -91.8 -51.3 -143.1 1 -47.3 -47.3 -43.4 -90.7 -46.6 -137.3 ,1 /:, 0 -41.5 -41.5 - 48.8 -90.3 -42.9 -133.2 't'.i R 0 -128.2 -128.2 -146.1 85.7 -123 -37.3 2 0 -133.7 -133.7 -139 87.3 -135.6 -48.3 0 -140.5 -140.5 -136.9 82.6 -125.8 -43.2丨u L2 N2I.9 121.9 147.9 ^90.2 "126_2 36 0 135.6 135.6 133 -91.4 139.1 47.7 w 0 126.1 126.1 142.6 -91.3 134.4 43.1 L1 0 49.4 49.4 37.2 86.6 55.1 141.7 0 45.4 45.4 43.6 89 47.2 136.2 0 42.3 42.3 48.3 90.6 42.1 132.7 U Table 5 R0 material When the substrate input 埠 feed signal produces a phase difference between each antenna unit liput Oulput Ant 1 Ant 2 Ant 3 I Ant 4 17 GHZ 0 -BB 1 -141 5 R1 195GHz 0 -44.8 -90.2 1 2.2 GHz 0 履 2 ^.8 1 436 17 GHz 0 -127.7 -266.5 1 -402 R2 195GHz 0 -136.9 -273.6 [ -407.4 2.2 GHz 0 -145 -270.4 1 -412.9 17GH7 0 51.1 92.5 ! L1 f.95GKz 〇 43 86.5 Ϊ 129.2 12 GHz 0 38 88 j 129.8 17 GHz 0 132.4 274.1 I 399.5 L2 1.95GKZ 0 132 267 ί 402 2,2 GHz 0 140 264. 1 ! 1 406.1 15 1261951 The invention has the following advantages: 1. Combining the broadband double-polarized Tianyuan gentleman's acupoint, the 杲... with a dual-polarized design to improve the communication quality and right #, u , ^ χ , effective subtraction; the area of the antenna array. 2. Horizontal field type design (Yuyi·Yuancheng four beam widths are thinner horizontal section The field type covers the horizontal tangent field of the traditional base &amp; antenna to reduce the impact of multiple paths. 3 · Vertical field type meets the requirements of the tenth design. ·The anti-cosecant antenna field type and the main beam are tilted downward by 7 degrees to improve the far-distance power control problem of wide-band eight-axis 4-knife code access (WCDMA). . The above is a list of the possible examples of the creation of the creation, but the example and (4) limit the scope of the patent of the creation, and the equivalent of the spirit of the creative technique is The yoke or change of the temple will be included in the patent scope of this case. In summary, the case is not only innovative in terms of technical thinking, but also has many of the above-mentioned functions that are beyond the reach of conventional methods. p γ has been filled with statutory creative patents that meet the novelty and progressiveness, and is worth half a day. In accordance with the application for ribbing, the 恳 恳 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准 核准BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Please refer to the following (d) drawings of the present invention for further understanding of the technical contents of the present invention and its effects; the drawings relating to the embodiments are: Figure 1 is the entirety of the smart antenna Figure 1 shows the structure of the broadband antenna unit; Figure 3A shows the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna A for increasing the amount of reflectors; Figure 3B shows the attenuation of the antenna B for increasing the amount of reflectors. Field E-plane and H-plane diagram; Figure 4 is the construction diagram of the unbalanced power splitter; and Figure 5 is the construction diagram of the Butler Matrix wave velocity forming network. [Main part representative symbol] 1 Broadband antenna unit 11 Positive 45 degree and negative 45 degree polarization diversity 2 Unbalanced power splitter 21 Unbalanced power splitter output 3 Butler Matrix beamforming network 31 Butler Matrix beamforming network Input But32 Butler Matrix Beamforming Network Output 埠4 FR4 Substrate 5 Unbalanced Power Distributor Board 6 Butler Matrix Beamforming Network Substrate

Claims (1)

I261951 ^ X. Patent application scope: 1 · A smart antenna device applied to a base station is a multi-beam antenna system using an antenna array, which includes: a plurality of broadband antenna units designed to be dual-polarized Form, disposed on a substrate of a younger brother; disposed on a second substrate, providing main lobe tilt, upper sideband suppression, and 10,000-cut antenna field function; a horizontal beamforming network, located in a first On the three substrates, the plurality of broadband antenna units can be used to generate the same magnitude of amplitude and equal phase difference words. Each of the frequency antennas is connected to the unbalanced power splitter, and the «Hai non-balanced power splitter is connected. The foot is connected to the corresponding pin of the horizontal beamforming network. 2. As described in item 1 of the patent application scope, the type of antenna device used in the base station is the # antenna device, and the double-polarized form of the medium-sized broadband antenna unit is positive 45. Polarization diversity with degrees and negative 45 degrees. 3. As described in claim 1 of the scope of the patent application, the application is applied to the base station, and the control can be performed by controlling each of the unbalanced power splitters: the size and phase of the bat to achieve the main lobe The function of tilting, upper sideband suppression and anti-aliasing antenna field type. 4. If the patent application scope 帛 3 type antenna dreams, the kind of wisdom applied to the base station - the angle of the main lobe tilt is preferably 7 degrees. 18 126,1951 γ 5. If the application is specific, the antenna device described in item 1 shall have the same number of horizontal beamformings. Inputs and rounds of the smart network applied to the base station. 6. The type of antenna described in item 1 of the patent application is applied to the base station's wisdom 8. 9 type antenna device, i. The medium and younger brothers - the material of the substrate is FR4 material. The material of the second substrate used in the base station type antenna device 1 is the R 〇 material as described in the scope of the patent application. 2. The invention described in the third paragraph of the patent application is a kind of wisdom applied to the base station! The antenna is disposed. The material of the third substrate is made of a material. Wisdom As described in the scope of the patent application, the intelligent dust antenna device is used in the base station, wherein the horizontal beamforming network uses an antenna wave speed of 20 to 23.5 degrees. 19 J261951 x XI, schema: Figure 1 p iI261951 X #261951 ^ Scsui(i#r tyst^Ri just xm earned: h such as _ehi in ait tearing Sphrite^lιοί im^mom ΗΰνοίΡΉ: ΊΪ ?telaji24lkxa: Lir^i^^y. wj φ :^ aut ρλ vm Ψήξϊ^φ: 13⁄43⁄43⁄43⁄4欣仏利 g: Right 3!dB Cfr F«1 ^Χ-Ρίίϊ - Ααψ m 1261951,,UI &gt;b„&amp;mj?t4: !DL ^ΓΡίύ: n TnMlaQ,wsy):When you know Pgigg^y): i^〇H toq.r L尔~2 Welcome to lib Avoid ^e^ reiiCftPcxm: -413⁄4^ i&amp; Scapnir Shapes: Π·1 ΡΛΙΙ^Πι^ C#iF«l .X »P j6l 3 B 32 □c D cl· ♦