12579481257948
五、發明說明（i ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 π.發明背景 Α.發明領域. 本發明係有關使用三元冷媒及具有包含膨脹器之循環 之冷凍或空調系統，該膨脹器使冷媒自液相膨脹成液相及 条氣相。特別而言’本發明提供一種以新穎及好的方式決 定三元冷媒之組成之方法及系統。 氯氟碳於媒（諸如，二氯二氟甲烷（“R-22”)）呈現對地 球臭氧層之威脅。因此，於空調及冷凍技藝之業者已長期 尋求如氣氟碳冷媒有效但其亦於環境中使用亦安全之冷媒 組成物。此研究已導致三元冷媒之發展，諸如，“ r_4〇7c，， ’以23/25/52之重量比例混合之二氟甲烷（“R_32”）、五氟 乙烷（“R-125”）及1，1，1，2·四氟乙烷（“R-134a，，）之三元混合物 ，其性質係相似於R-22。R-407C、R-134a、R-125、R.32 、R-22及其它之縮寫係由美國加熱冷凍及空調工程師協會 (ASHRAE)所編號且被用於整個工業及本發明之揭露。 使用三元冷媒具有某些問題。冷凍系統周期性地外漏 ’其會造成分餾及造成冷媒組成之改變。使用三元冷媒之 問題係不能決定三元冷媒是否已分餾及其程度。 三元冷媒（諸如R-407C)組成之測量係較測量二元冷媒 之組成更複雜’因為每一組份增加狀態熱力方程式之自由 度，其需輸入更精確之變數以達成解答。決定三元冷媒之 組成之簡單方法將大大地促進新穎之三元冷媒之使用及應 用0 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）V. INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUCTIONS (i) Ministry of Economic Affairs, Intellectual Property Office, Staff Consumption Cooperative, Printing π. Background of the Invention. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a refrigeration or air conditioning system using a ternary refrigerant and having a cycle containing an expander, the expander The refrigerant is expanded from the liquid phase into a liquid phase and a gas phase. In particular, the present invention provides a method and system for determining the composition of a ternary refrigerant in a novel and advantageous manner. Chlorofluorocarbons in the medium (such as dichlorodifluoromethane ("R-22")) present a threat to the Earth's ozone layer. As a result, those in the air-conditioning and refrigeration industries have long sought refrigerant compositions that are effective, such as fluorocarbon refrigerants, but which are also safe to use in the environment. This research has led to the development of ternary refrigerants, such as "r_4〇7c,, 'difluoromethane ("R_32"), pentafluoroethane ("R-125") mixed in a weight ratio of 23/25/52 And a ternary mixture of 1,1,1,2·tetrafluoroethane ("R-134a,") having a property similar to that of R-22. R-407C, R-134a, R-125, R.32, R-22 and other abbreviations are numbered by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and are used throughout the industry and the disclosure of the present invention. There are certain problems with using ternary refrigerants. The refrigeration system periodically leaks out, which causes fractionation and changes in the composition of the refrigerant. The problem of using a ternary refrigerant is that it cannot determine whether the ternary refrigerant has been fractionated and its extent. The measurement consisting of a ternary refrigerant (such as R-407C) is more complicated than measuring the composition of a binary refrigerant. Because each component increases the degree of freedom of the state thermodynamic equation, it requires input of more precise variables to achieve an answer. The simple method of determining the composition of the ternary refrigerant will greatly promote the use and application of the novel ternary refrigerant. 0 This paper scale applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm).
4 言 A7 B7 五、 ^257948 發明說明（ B.習知技藝之描述 其中熱力學性貝被測量及狀態方程式被用以計算冷媒 之組成之方法係已知。例如，美國專利第5,626,〇26號案 (Sumida)描述控制冷凍系統之複雜方法。Sumida描述用以 計算冷媒組成、控制冷凍系統内之壓縮機及膨脹閥之系統 。但是，Sumida所述之方法不被直接應用於三元冷媒。 III.本發明之綜述 本發明之目的係提供一種用以於操作冷凍系統中決定 三元冷媒之組成之好且簡單之方法及系統，及用以完成此 方法之系統。 用以於具有膨脹閥之冷凍系統内決定三元冷媒之組成 之方法包含·於包含膨脹裝置之冷凌迴路中提供具有第一 組份、第二組份及第三組份之三元冷媒；測量該膨脹裝置 上游内之該三元冷媒之上游溫度；於該膨脹裝置内膨脹該 冷媒，如此，該三元冷媒係於該膨脹裝置之下游以蒸氣及 液體相存在；測量該膨脹裝置下游之該三元冷媒之下游溫 度及下游壓力；及以狀態動力學方程式計算該三元冷媒之 組成，其中該計算步驟係假設焓係僅為溫度之函數且該膨 脹裝置上游之該液相内及該膨脹裝置下游之該液相及蒸氣 相内之該第一組份對該第二組份之比例係固定。 決定冷凍迴路内之三元冷媒之組成之系統包含：膨脹 裝置，其被流動連接於冷凍回路且用以使三元冷媒自液體 相膨脹成液體相及蒸氣相；第一溫度感應裝置，被設置用 以測1該膨脹裝置上游之液相内之該三元冷媒混合物之溫 本紙張尺度_㈣國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公餐） I---1 I ------I-------線 (請先閲讀嘴面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 1257948 -_—______B7___ 五、發明說明（3 ) 度；第二溫度測量裝置及壓力感應裝置，其被配置用以個 別測量該膨服裝置下游之該蒸氣相及該液體相内之該三元 冷媒之溫度及壓力，及計算器，其接收自該第一溫度測量 裝置、該第二溫度測量裝置及該壓力感應裝置之輸入值， 且無自其它處理變數之輸入值，及以假設焓係僅為溫度之 函數且該膨脹裝置上游之該液相内及該膨脹裝置下游之該 液相及蒸氣相内之該第一組份對該第二組份之比例係固定 為基準计异該三元冷媒之組成。 如以下將更詳細解釋者，本發明之方法及系統係特別 有用於決定開始時注以R_407c及相似之三元冷媒之系統 内之冷媒之組成。一旦該組成被計算，此計算值可被用於 各種不同目的，包含系統之控制或重新注料之程序。 本發明之額外目的係優點部份係如下所述者，且部份 係由該描述係明顯的，或可藉由實施本發明而學得。本發 明之目的及優點可藉由申請專利範圍所指出之元件及混合 而被實現及達成。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 亦需瞭解前述一般描述及下述之詳細描述僅係例示及 解釋之用，而非如申請專利範圍般用以限制之用。 附圖（其被併入及構成此說明書之一部份）例示本發明 之一實施例，且於詳述一起作為解釋本發明之原則。 IV.圖示簡要說明 第1圖係圖示冷凍系統。 第2圖係描述例示之冷凍組成物之“壓力焓之圓頂形，，特性 :其中梯形a-b-c-d表示例示之冷凍循環；且(>(1表示例示4 A7 B7 V. ^257948 Description of the invention (B. Description of the prior art in which the thermodynamic shell is measured and the equation of state is used to calculate the composition of the refrigerant is known. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,626, No. 26 Sumida describes the complex method of controlling the refrigeration system. Sumida describes the system used to calculate the composition of the refrigerant and control the compressor and expansion valve in the refrigeration system. However, the method described by Sumida is not directly applied to the ternary refrigerant. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for operating a refrigeration system that determines the composition of a three-way refrigerant, and a system for accomplishing the same. The method for determining the composition of the ternary refrigerant in the refrigeration system comprises: providing a ternary refrigerant having a first component, a second component, and a third component in a cold circuit comprising an expansion device; measuring the upstream of the expansion device An upstream temperature of the ternary refrigerant; expanding the refrigerant in the expansion device, such that the ternary refrigerant is present downstream of the expansion device in a vapor and liquid phase Measuring a downstream temperature and a downstream pressure of the ternary refrigerant downstream of the expansion device; and calculating a composition of the ternary refrigerant by a state dynamics equation, wherein the calculating step assumes that the lanthanide is only a function of temperature and the expansion device is upstream The ratio of the first component in the liquid phase and the liquid phase and the vapor phase downstream of the expansion device to the second component is fixed. The system for determining the composition of the ternary refrigerant in the refrigeration circuit comprises: expansion a device connected to the refrigeration circuit and configured to expand the ternary refrigerant from the liquid phase into a liquid phase and a vapor phase; the first temperature sensing device is configured to measure the three in the liquid phase upstream of the expansion device The temperature of the paper mixture of the refrigerant mixture _ (four) national standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 public meals) I---1 I ------I------- line (please read the mouth first Note: Please fill out this page again) A7 1257948 -________B7___ V. Inventive Note (3) Degree; second temperature measuring device and pressure sensing device configured to individually measure the vapor phase downstream of the expanding device And the ternary element in the liquid phase a temperature and pressure of the medium, and a calculator receiving input values from the first temperature measuring device, the second temperature measuring device, and the pressure sensing device, and having no input values from other processing variables, and Is only a function of temperature and the ratio of the first component to the second component in the liquid phase and the vapor phase downstream of the expansion device upstream of the expansion device is fixed as a reference difference The composition of the refrigerant. As will be explained in more detail below, the method and system of the present invention are particularly useful for determining the composition of the refrigerant in the system initially marked with R_407c and a similar ternary refrigerant. Once the composition is calculated, this The calculated values can be used for a variety of different purposes, including the control or re-injection of the system. The additional objects of the present invention are as described below, and some are apparent from the description or may be learned by practicing the invention. The object and advantages of the present invention can be realized and attained by the elements and combinations indicated in the appended claims. Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Intellectual Property Office, and the Consumer Cooperatives. It is also necessary to understand the above general description and the following detailed description for the purposes of illustration and explanation only, and not as limited as claimed. The drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are intended to illustrate one embodiment of the invention. IV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a refrigeration system. Fig. 2 is a view showing the "pressure dome shape" of the exemplified frozen composition, wherein: the trapezoid a-b-c-d represents an exemplified freezing cycle; and (> (1 indicates an illustration)
I257948 A7 """"""' " ------- 五、發明說明（4 ) 之等焓膨脹。 V·較佳實施例之描述 第1圖描述包含壓縮機3、冷凝器5、膨脹裝置（有時於 此後稱為，，膨脹閥，，)7及蒸發器9之例示之冷凍系統。冷東 系統上之測量裝置包含第一溫度測量裝置或感應器13、第 二溫度測量裝置或感應器15及壓力測量裝置感應器17。於 較佳實施例中，測量裝置提供僅需之處理變數輸入值至計 I 异态19,諸如微處理器。另外，一組圖表可被用以自上述 處理變數輸入值計算三元冷媒之組成。 壓縮機3、冷凝器5、膨脹裝置7及蒸發器9藉由第1圖 所示之管線連接成迴路。如熟習此項技藝者所知者之其它 元件可被加至冷凍系統。例如，累積器可被置於壓縮機之 上游以控制供應至壓縮機之供料量。 第2圖之梯形a-b-c-d描述冷;東系統之熱力學操作。於 固疋壓力時，蒸發器9内之蒸發冷媒如d-a線所示自周圍取 丨得熱。蒸氣於壓縮機3内壓縮，然後，熱以線b-c*示之固 定壓力冷凝排出。發生於膨脹閥7内之等焓膨脹係以線c-d 描述之。 於本發明中’於膨脹前液體相内之三元冷媒之溫度藉 由溫度測量裝置13測量。裝置13較佳係被置於緊鄰近膨脹 裝置之入口’即使其可被置於膨脹裝置上游之其它位置， 只要被測量之液體之狀態實質上係相同於進入膨脹裝置者 。膨脹後之體相及蒸氣相之溫度及壓力藉由第二溫度測量 裝置15及壓力測量裝置17測量。再次，裝置15及17較佳係 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公髮） -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀脅面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1257948I257948 A7 """"""' " ------- V. Inventive expansion (4). V. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Fig. 1 depicts an exemplary refrigeration system including a compressor 3, a condenser 5, an expansion device (sometimes referred to as an expansion valve, 7), and an evaporator 9. The measuring device on the cold east system comprises a first temperature measuring device or sensor 13, a second temperature measuring device or sensor 15 and a pressure measuring device sensor 17. In a preferred embodiment, the measuring device provides only the processing of the variable input values to the I-state 19, such as a microprocessor. Alternatively, a set of graphs can be used to calculate the composition of the ternary refrigerant from the above-described processing variable input values. The compressor 3, the condenser 5, the expansion device 7, and the evaporator 9 are connected in a loop by the line shown in Fig. 1. Other components known to those skilled in the art can be added to the refrigeration system. For example, an accumulator can be placed upstream of the compressor to control the amount of feed supplied to the compressor. The trapezoidal a-b-c-d of Figure 2 describes the cold; thermodynamic operation of the East system. At the solid pressure, the evaporating refrigerant in the evaporator 9 is heated from the surroundings as indicated by the line d-a. The vapor is compressed in the compressor 3, and then the heat is condensed and discharged at a fixed pressure indicated by the line b-c*. The equal expansion of the helium occurring in the expansion valve 7 is described by line c-d. In the present invention, the temperature of the ternary refrigerant in the liquid phase before expansion is measured by the temperature measuring means 13. The device 13 is preferably placed in close proximity to the inlet of the expansion device, even though it can be placed at other locations upstream of the expansion device, as long as the state of the liquid being measured is substantially the same as the one entering the expansion device. The temperature and pressure of the bulk and vapor phases after expansion are measured by the second temperature measuring device 15 and the pressure measuring device 17. Again, the devices 15 and 17 are preferably based on the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mil). ------------- Order ---------Line (please read the notice of the face first and then fill in this page) 1257948
五、發明說明（5 ) 被置於緊鄰膨脹裝置之下游側，即使此等測量可發生於其 匕位置，只要冷媒之狀態實質上相同於流出膨脹裝置之冷 媒之狀態。 組成έ己异之操作係考量第2圖之線c-d。膨脹係於理論 上係等焓。依據本發明之計算係假設等焓膨脹，本案發明 人所結論者係足以正確提供有關於諸如R-4〇7c之三元冷 媒之組成之有用資訊。 於本發明方法中，具有第一組份、第二組份及第三組 份之三元冷媒以液體進入膨脹裝置7。壓力降低時，冷媒 離開“壓力焓圓頂形，，（線E)左側之液相區域，且進入該圓 頂形下之所謂之二相區域。於其間垂直線c_d越過線E進入 二相區域時，二元系統可藉由溫度、壓力及焓完全描述。 但是’三元系統具有藉由額外組份所賦予之額外之自由度 。發明人已結論相對較不昂貴及方便之評估可對三元組份 系統為之，其中二組份之比例保持相對固定。 本發明之一要件係假設第一組份對第二組份之比例保 持固定。發明人已結論此假設正確地應用於諸如r_4〇7c 之三元混合物。此假設與等焓膨脹之假設一起能僅使用上 游溫度及下游溫度及壓力作為處理變數計算三元冷媒之組 成。 於較佳貫施例中，三元冷媒基本係由二氟甲烧（‘‘R_ 32”）、五氟乙烷（“R_125，，）及 U，:ι，2-四氟乙烷（“R_134a，，）組 成，且可為，例如，r_4〇7C。於較佳實施例中，R-32對R-125 之比例被假設固定。發明人於此已瞭解此已知冷媒之此等 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀臂面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -------訂---------線丨 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1257948 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明說明（6 ) 組份具有相似之揮發性且形成共沸物。結果，此二組份之 混合物對於此間之目的可被基本上以一組份處理之。 --------------裝--- (請先閱讀臂面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 一旦如R-407C之冷媒被選擇且上述參數被感應且假 設被應用，其具有數個相關之狀態方程式，其可被應用以 決定冷媒之組成，特別是其組份之個別重量比例。一旦此 等假設被應用時，如習知技藝所知者，電腦程式係可購得 作為施行此等計算。用於組成計算之算術之選擇對於熟習 此項技藝者係明顯的。僅作為例示用，副程式rEFPR〇P6( 可直接購自國家標準及測試機構（NIST))可被用以集中物 理性質資料以獲得組份之重量比例。 -線· 藉由本發明之方法及系統達成之結果可被應用於控制 冷凍系統以提供最佳結果。此外，一般於第1圖例示之永 久性方法及系統可被用於周期性地對冷媒之組成物取樣及 決定冷媒是否已藉由外漏而被分餾。一旦知道特定組成物 ，冷媒可被重新注料以具有組份之較佳重量比例。 於另一較佳實施例中，此方法及系統被用以決定外漏 後系統是否已分餾。例如，感應器及/或計算器可被設計 作為暫時裝置或系統，其可於需要時以可移動式附接至冷 束系統。例如，冷凍迴路可被設計成包含膨脹裝置之上游 及下游之口，且感應裝置可基於暫時者被連接至此等口。 使用時，計算器係被可操作地連接至第一及第二溫度測量 裝13，15及壓力測量裝置17之處理變數之輸出。此等感應 器及計算器可被設計成可攜帶式單元。此可攜帶式配置能 本發明之方法及裝置被使用於其間外漏被檢測且操作者要 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公® ) 1257948 A75. Description of the Invention (5) is placed in the immediate vicinity of the expansion device, even if such measurements can occur at its helium position, as long as the state of the refrigerant is substantially the same as the state of the refrigerant flowing out of the expansion device. The operation of the composition is considered to be the line c-d of Figure 2. The expansion is theoretically equivalent. The calculation according to the present invention assumes that the isenthalation is expanded, and the inventors of the present invention have concluded that it is sufficient to correctly provide useful information about the composition of the ternary refrigerant such as R-4〇7c. In the process of the present invention, the ternary refrigerant having the first component, the second component, and the third component enters the expansion device 7 as a liquid. When the pressure is reduced, the refrigerant leaves the liquid phase region on the left side of the "pressure dome", (line E), and enters the so-called two-phase region under the dome shape. During this time, the vertical line c_d crosses the line E and enters the two-phase region. The binary system can be fully described by temperature, pressure and helium. However, the 'ternary system has the additional degree of freedom given by the additional components. The inventors have concluded that the evaluation is relatively inexpensive and convenient. The meta-component system is in which the proportion of the two components remains relatively fixed. One of the requirements of the present invention assumes that the ratio of the first component to the second component remains fixed. The inventors have concluded that this assumption is correctly applied to, for example, r_4 a ternary mixture of 〇7c. This assumption, together with the assumption of isothermal expansion, can be used to calculate the composition of the ternary refrigerant using only the upstream temperature and downstream temperature and pressure as process variables. In a preferred embodiment, the ternary refrigerant is basically composed of Difluoromethane (''R_32'), pentafluoroethane ("R_125,") and U, :ι,2-tetrafluoroethane ("R_134a,"), and can be, for example, r_4〇 7C. In the preferred embodiment, the ratio of R-32 to R-125 is assumed to be fixed. The inventors have learned here that the paper size of this known refrigerant is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the arm surface before completing this page) ---- ---Order --------- Line Ministry of Economic Affairs Intellectual Property Bureau Staff Consumer Cooperative Printed 1257948 A7 ___B7_ V. Description of the invention (6) The components have similar volatility and form azeotropes. As a result, the mixture of the two components can be treated in substantially one portion for the purpose herein. --------------Installation --- (Please read the arm surface precautions and then fill out this page) Once the refrigerant such as R-407C is selected and the above parameters are sensed and assumed to be applied It has several related equations of state that can be applied to determine the composition of the refrigerant, particularly the individual weight ratios of its components. Once such assumptions are applied, as is known to those skilled in the art, computer programs are commercially available as such calculations. The choice of arithmetic for composing the calculations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For illustrative purposes only, the subroutine rEFPR〇P6 (available directly from the National Standards and Testing Institute (NIST)) can be used to concentrate physical property data to obtain a weight ratio of components. - Lines - Results achieved by the methods and systems of the present invention can be applied to control refrigeration systems to provide optimal results. Moreover, the permanent method and system generally illustrated in Figure 1 can be used to periodically sample the composition of the refrigerant and determine whether the refrigerant has been fractionated by external leakage. Once the particular composition is known, the refrigerant can be re-fed to have a preferred weight ratio of components. In another preferred embodiment, the method and system are used to determine if the system has been fractionated after an external leak. For example, the sensor and/or calculator can be designed as a temporary device or system that can be movably attached to the cold beam system when needed. For example, the refrigeration circuit can be designed to include ports upstream and downstream of the expansion device, and the sensing device can be connected to such ports based on the temporary. In use, the calculator is operatively coupled to the output of the first and second temperature measuring devices 13, 15 and the processing variables of the pressure measuring device 17. These sensors and calculators can be designed as portable units. This portable configuration enables the method and apparatus of the present invention to be used for the detection of leaks therebetween and the operator is required to use the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 gong®) 1257948 A7.
五、發明說明（7 ) 知道其間之三元冷媒是否已分餾及/或其程度之情況，而 不會涉及已存在系統中之裝置。感應裝置及計算器可被暫 時插入配置於冷凍系統内之口。 本發明之其它實施例對於熟習此項技藝者於考量說明 書及實施其内揭示之發明變得明顯。說明書及範例需僅被 作為例示用考量，本發明之真正範圍及精神係如下述申請 專利範圍所指示者。 元件符號對照 3…壓縮機 5…冷凝器 7…膨脹裝置（或膨脹閥） 9…蒸發器 13···第一溫度測量裝置或感應器 15···第二溫度測量裝置或感應器 17…壓力測量裝置感應器 19…計算器 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 釐 公 97 2 X 10 2 /V 格 規 4 )A S) N (C 準 標 國 國 中 用 適 度 尺 張 紙V. INSTRUCTIONS (7) Knowing whether the ternary refrigerant has been fractionated and/or its extent, and does not involve devices in existing systems. The sensing device and the calculator can be temporarily inserted into the port disposed in the freezing system. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the <RTIgt; The specification and examples are to be considered as illustrative only, and the true scope and spirit of the invention are as indicated by the scope of the following claims. Component Symbol Control 3...Compressor 5...Condenser 7...Expansion Device (or Expansion Valve) 9...Evaporator 13···First Temperature Measurement Device or Sensor 15···Second Temperature Measurement Device or Sensor 17... Pressure measuring device sensor 19...Calculator Ministry of Economics Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption cooperative printing PCT 97 2 X 10 2 /V Grid 4)AS) N (C standard country with moderate ruler paper