TWI254074B - Manufacturing method of alkylated biomass diesel fuel and product thereof - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of alkylated biomass diesel fuel and product thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI254074B TWI254074B TW092122828A TW92122828A TWI254074B TW I254074 B TWI254074 B TW I254074B TW 092122828 A TW092122828 A TW 092122828A TW 92122828 A TW92122828 A TW 92122828A TW I254074 B TWI254074 B TW I254074B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- biodiesel
- alkylate
- range
- ppm
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 alkane compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexane Natural products CCCCC(C)C GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000304337 Cuminum cyminum Species 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XYGKGASSKJWLTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCC.CCCCCCC Chemical compound CCCCCCC.CCCCCCC XYGKGASSKJWLTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021543 Nickel dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000239226 Scorpiones Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJTGANWAUPEOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N molport-023-220-454 Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO NJTGANWAUPEOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;phosphoric acid Chemical compound P.OP(O)(O)=O IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
- C10L10/16—Pour-point depressants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Description
1254074 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種烷化物生質柴油之製法及其產品, 特別是一種利用生產低級數烷類進行聚合重組,以生成中 碳數合成烷化物質與脂肪酸烷基酯混合所製成之無污染、 高潔淨性之油品能源者。 【先前技術】 生質係指生物之本質,,,應用生質,,簡單的來說,也就 是動物與植物世代繁衍、生長、死亡、回歸自然過程中, 取其可用之物質再循環利用,同時不會造成污染的一種環 保概念。 見今世界上所生產的柴油大多為石化產品,也就是從 油中所楗煉,根據世界能源報告,顯示全球原油蘊藏量 預估只供開採40彳,以今日全球總需求量仍穩定增加的 趨勢來看,油的供應將會吃緊。尤其世界石油埋藏量約 m係埋臧於政治不甚穩定的波斯灣地區,戰爭使全球體認 到開發新能源及替代性燃料的迫切性,同日寺,傳統的石化 燃料往往在使用時會伴隨著許多污染的產生。a此,由植 si , (Bio diesel)的%保燃油即應運而生,由植物油系的生質 木油仏為燃料燃燒雖然亦會產生二氧化碳,但植物可將其 吸,經光合=用轉換為氧氣及生質能(B1〇-energy),成 為完善的±態循環,並& c〇2淨量增力口。植物油脂肪酸甲 曰可生物刀解’又具備防止空氣品質與地球溫室效應再惡 l254〇74 化的好處,石畫眘早曰一 “'疋取經濟有效的替代能源,使用植物油脂 夂•日’、可支撐農業活動及減少對石油之依賴。 依目Μ進國家所開發出來之Bi〇—diesei,其在使用 上主成伤避是依靠著礦物柴油(蒸餾石油),少部份才是 真正改善品質的植物油衍生物(脂肪酸烷基酿)。如:全使 用植物油衍生物,雖3柄、…九γ * 雖疋低巧染但其成本過高,必須靠舍地 政府::大力財務補助才可行,故在現今所使用之生;;油 仍售3有7G%~8n之礦物柴油’以平衡其實際的可行使 用成本。 ’、、、而,當生質柴油當中含有高含量之礦物柴油時,在 使用上同樣會具有如同傳統柴油—般的高污染問題,因為 礦物=中含有硫、芳香烴(族)等空氣污染成份,同時, 樣fe賊者面臨未來主成份礦物柴油因石油短缺而成本高 昇的問題。 口此有鑑於能源短缺及使用能源所造成之環境污染等 問題’本發明人經過努力研究與開發,以研發出—種烧化 物生質柴油之製法以其冑決或減輕上述習用i f柴油之問 【發明内容】 本I明之目的主要係在於提供一種烷化物生質柴油之 製:’其以合成烷化物質取代傳統礦物柴油與植物油衍生 之月曰肪‘烷基酯混合,以降低生質柴油的成本。 為達到上述的目的,本發明之烷化物生質柴油之製法 其主要係包含有下列之步驟: 1254074 數 25 取得碳氧化物以進行加氫脫氧反應 烷類及其暫時性的活性自由基(-ch2-) 重整單碳數烷類及其暫時性的活性自 中碳數烷類以形成合成烷化物質;
以生成C 之單 由基成為c
石炭 C 用醇類酯化脂肪酸成為脂肪酸烷基酯;與 混合合成烷化物質及脂肪酸烷基酯; 或者’將合成烷化物質直接混合油脂以形成生質柴、、由 較佳地,其進一步添加有添加劑,該添加劑係選自 列群組包括有:穩定劑、染料、保存劑、有機金屬與济 點改善劑。 本發明中所製成之烷化物生質柴油,其主要成份包含 有· 3 由單碳數烷及其暫時性的活性自由基重整形成之c〜 C 25中碳數烷類的合成烷化物質;與 植物油或脂肪酸烷基酯。 車乂佺地,生質柴油依使用用途分為熱力及動力之不同 T其進一步含有選擇性添加劑,該添加劑係選自下列群組 有釔定劑、染料、保存劑、有機金屬與流動點改盖 劑。 ° 【貫施方式】 本發明主要係關於一種烧化物生質柴油之製法,其製 去中包括有下列之步驟: 取件碳氧化物以進行加氫脫氧反應以生成C i之單碳 25 1254074 數烷類及其暫時性的活性自由基; 重整單碳數烷類及其暫時性的活性自由基成c _ c 中碳數烷類以形成合成烷化物質; 用醇類酯化脂肪酸成為脂肪酸烷基酿; 混合合成烷化物質及脂肪酸烷基酯或植物油;與 選擇性添加穩定劑、染料、保存劑、有機金屬與流動 點改善劑; 藉此以完成本發明之烧化物生質柴油。 為使貴審查委員能瞭解上述之製作步驟,茲配合圖 式詳細說明如下: 請參考第一圖,此為一加氫脫氧反應程序之流程圖 (Hydrodeoxygenating process,肋〇 pr〇cess),其主要的 原料為純淨的C0為主要物質,其來源是多方面的如以環 保為取向,可從植物(如稻草)中應用煙燻法將c〇2或空氣 轉化’而取付C0做為原料,或由煉鋼廠中轉爐(Basic
Oxygen Furance,Β· 0· F )廢氣中也可取得。 將C0預熱後與氫氣混合,送入一反應器中經觸媒的 催化作用,瓖氫原子取代氧原子與碳連結,以進行加氫脫 氧之反應,反應完成後會形成單碳數(Ci )之烧烴類化合 物及其暫時性的活性自由基(如—呢―))與副產物之水氣和 氧氧將單衩數之烷烴類化合物與副產物分離,並進行純 化以利於重組反應的操作。其中,加氫脫氧反應中所使用 之觸媒為鎳/鋁氧化物,溫度控制為3〇〇〜25〇Gc。 接著明蒼考第二圖,將純化後之烷烴類化合物做為進 ί254〇74 行亚預熱, 一樣應用溫度與觸媒的反應來達到化學的排 、、且合與平 , ’、、w 、μ 5作業,反應卡所使用之觸媒為鎳/二氧化鈦 化物,/為450〜55〇Gc。,其最後所要得到產品為重燒 礦 要係為中碳數碳鏈之烷烴類化合物,+會含有如 害物中的烴類(Paraffine)中所含有之硫或芳香烴等有 貝但其可能為非單一種化合物,因為重整反應不易 :石地控制碳鏈長短及重整後之結才冓,而會形&含有直鍵 3枝鏈之-般烷鏈(norma卜)或異構物烷鏈(iso—),因此為 所種不同刀子s的中碳數烷烴類化合物混合的合成烷化物 貝’其碳素分佈為C3— C25,而應用範圍為C5_C2g,但最佳 的使用1(1圍為Cl3— Cl9。所產生的中碳數烷烴類化合物最 主要為正錢(n~deGane)、戊烧(Pentane)、異戊烧(iso— =ntane)、正庚烷(n—hePtane)、異庚烷(iso-heptane)等 等,而副產物為C3或C4之輕質烷類和氫氣,其中氫氣可 再回收循%利用’輕質烧類可回收作為氣體燃料。此重整 反應所產生之中碳數烷烴類化合物混合的合成烷化物質, 進一步再與植物油或植物油所酯化之脂肪酸烷基酯混合成 本發明之烷化物生質柴油。 用植物油醇類混合,並以氫氧化鈉(Na〇H)為催化劑, 來做脂肪酸的酯化合產生甘油與烷化脂肪酸酯,其反應過 程如下: 1254074 CH2〇CORf CI^OH 1 R-COOR CHOCOR" I 1 3ROH 觸媒(Na〇H) 加熟 CHOH 1 + R”C〇OR CH^OCOR,” CI^OH R”『COOR 100磅原料 三酸甘油g旨 (即油腊) (Triglyceride) 10磅醇類 甲醇或乙醇 (通常使用曱醇) (Methanol or Ethanol) 10磅 副產品甘油 (Glycerine) 100辟產品甲醢 (即生質柴油) (.lvienryi ester οι iany acids or Biodiesel) (註):ΚΛ R' FT及R各代表各種烷基 上述反應中,使用之醇類通常為曱醇或乙醇,產生的 產物為脂肪酸曱酯或脂肪酸乙酯(以下簡稱曱酯或乙酯), 甲酯及乙酯雖可如技術背景中所述可以單獨作為生質柴油 之原料,但因成本過高並不屬於本發明之範疇。接著將酯 化反應完成之脂肪酸烷基酯,以適當之比例混合上述合成 烷化物質,即完成本發明之烷化物生質柴油。 然而,為使本發明之生質柴油更容易保存、燃燒性質 更好,必須選擇性添加穩定劑、染料、保存劑、有機金屬 化合物與流動點改善劑等添加成份,以維持烷化物生質柴 油穩定的品質,各種添加成份及性質說明如下: 1 ·穩定劑(Stabi 1 izer ) 當製作成成品後,必須考慮到其儲運中之化學安定性 ,增加其抗氧化及熱安定性,避免其產生沉澱物或懸浮固 體(Suspend sol id)而發生管路阻礙現象,在此方面將選用 胺(Amine),磷(Phosphate )等系類成份,排除硫化物 (Sulfur compound)成份的使用。 2.染料(Color appearance ; dye) 本染料之目的是要使生產線上操作人員或運輸中及使 用者能分別不同油料,其必須選擇非硫化物,且對排氣無 10 1254074 造成污染者為考量。 3·保存劑(Preservative ) 由於本研發之產品有可能其本身成份就含有水份,或 在儲運中滲入水份而發生微生物之生長,其將會先分解植 物油衍生物(Plant oil derivation)方面之甲g旨或乙醋的 成伤 而使產品品質不佳’故必須加入一些選擇性的殺 _劑(Biocide )來抑制微生物(Microorganism )之生長。 4·有機金屬化合物(Organo metal 1 ic compound ) 此為有機驗土金屬類,如鋇、鎮、鈉、飼等,其可能 的型態如,金屬羧酸(metal carboxylic acid)等等。 其功能是將燃燒後之排放廢氣中如含有氧化硫及氧化 氮(S0X ’ N0X)原本在低於露點(Dew point)時,會產生η S0 2 4 ,HN〇3等酸雨現象,但有了有機鹼土金屬類,會轉變為金 屬鹽化合物(MeS0x,MeN0x)等,而減少氧化硫及氧化氮(s〇x ’ N 0 X)的排放量。 5.流動點改善劑(Pour point depressant) 由於在冬天時氣溫下降,油料的流動性變差,而影響 使用性,因此必須添加一些流動點改善劑,如烷基—曱基 丙稀酸酯共聚物(Alkyl-methacrylate copolymer)或接枝 共聚物(Graft copolymer),這些皆有冷流體促進(c〇id flow improvement)的作用。 綜上所述可以知道本發明之生質柴油具有下列之成份 合成烷化物質; 1254074 植物油或脂肪酸酯化合物;與 選擇性的穩定劑、染料、保存劑、有機金屬或流動點 改善劑。 由於柴油一般使用上之用途分為鍋爐熱力與車輛動力 兩方面’其品質要求各有不同’因此本發明中之成份含量 上各有不同: A·動力生質柴油 1 ·合成 $元化物 g (Synthetic alkylation matter ): 一般範圍47%〜96%,較佳範圍47%〜94%,最佳範圍 78%〜94% 。 2. 脂肪酸烷基酯(fatty alkylester): 一般範圍3%〜95°/◦,較佳範圍3%〜50%,最佳範圍 5%〜50% 。 3. 染料(dye): 一般範圍lppm〜1 Oppm ’較佳範圍1 ppm〜5ppm,最佳範 圍 lppm〜3ppm 〇 4. 保存劑(Preservative ): 一般範圍lOppm〜500ppm,較佳範圍i〇ppm〜i〇〇PPm,最 佳範圍50ppm〜80ppm。 5·流動點改善劑(Pour point depressant) 依地區氣候之需要從-3°C〜~ 20°C,而使用不同添加劑 及劑量。 將以上之成分依序製造流程如下: 一、1 +2 + 5=a充分混合,加熱促使反應使三物質安定 12 1254074 成一相。 二、3 + 4 + 3=充分混合完成。 B、熱力生化柴油 1·合成烧化物質(Synthetic alkylation matter) 一般範圍47%〜96%,較佳範圍47%〜94%,最佳範圍 ‘ 60%〜94% 。 2_ 植物油(plant oi 1 ): 一般範圍3%〜95%,較佳範圍3%〜50%,最佳範圍 5%〜50% 。 馨 3. 有機金屬化合物(Organo metallic compound) 其金屬濃度之一般範圍4ppm〜l〇〇ppm,較佳範圍 15ppm〜70ppm,最佳範圍 20ppm〜40ppm。 4. 保存劑(preservative): 一般範圍lOppm〜500ppm,較佳範圍10ppm〜100ppm,最 — 佳範圍50ppm〜80ppm。 將以上之成分依序製造流程如下: 一、 l+2 = a充分混合。 鲁 二、 3 + 4 + a=充分混合完成。 為證明本發明之生質柴油之高效用及低污染性,以下 分別進行引擎性能測試結果與引擎污染排放測試。 (A)引擎動力性能測試結果 本發明之三種生質柴油(以下編列為bd9505、BD8〇2〇 、BD5050 )與現有之純生質柴油(B100 )與市售礦物高級柴油 13 1254074 $行引擎性能測試,四種生皙呰油之組成如下表· 缝_ BD9505 BD8020 BD5050 邊肪酸甲酯 5. 56% 21.86% 52.81% 免成烷化物質 94.19% 77. 89% 46·94% 1它 0. 25% 0. 25% 0. 25% B100 ----^ 100% 以市售礦物高級柴油添加在Cummins B5· 9測試引擎上 執行馬力測試(power mapping ),以每8〜10rpm為一量測 區間,分別量測引擎自惰轉至最高轉速間,各檢測點之性
能與油耗。引擎使用傳統市售礦物高級柴油之最大馬力輸 出為113_ 0 Kw,最大扭力為517Nm。而使用BD9505、 BD8020、BD5050及B100等四支生質柴油之最大馬力輸出 分別為 104. 2Kw、104· 7 Kw、104. 9 Kw 及 102. 7Kw,最大扭 力則分別為481 Nm、482 Nm、487 Nm、482 Nm。測試結果 見表1,其顯示引擎使用4支生質柴油之最大馬力與使用 礦物高級柴油相較,分別減低7. 8% 、7. 3% 、7. 2% 、^ j /〇 。而扭力則減少5· 8〜7. 0 % 。就整個測試轉速區間之平
均馬力與扭力輸出而言,引擎使用生質柴油之平均馬力較 使用市售礦物高級柴油減少7. 3〜8· 4 % ,平均扭力則降低 八2〜8.0% 。 表1、弓丨擎使用生質柴油與市售高柴之性能比較表 (Cummins B 5.9, Power Mapping Results) *=====—-- Diesel BD9505 BD8020 BD5050 B100 14 1254074 最大馬力輸出,Kw 113.0 104.2 104.7 104.9 102.7 差異百分比 … -7.8% -7.30% - 7.2% -9.1% 最大扭力輸出,Nm 517 481 482 487 482 差異百分比 … -7.0% -6.8% -5.8% -6.8% 平均馬力輸出,Kw 106.1 97.7 97.9 98.4 97.2 差異百分比 … -7.3% -8.0% -7.3% -8.4% 平均扭力輸出,Nm 447.3 411.5 413.9 415.3 412.2 差異百分比 … -8.0% -7.5% -7.2% -7.9% 比油耗,Lr/bhp.hr 255.2 269.2 272.6 269.1 279.5 差異百分比 … 5.5% 6.8% 5.4% 9.5% 比油耗,g/bhp.hr 212.7 212.8 219.0 225.9 244.5 差異百分比 0.1% 3.0% 6.2% 15.0% 為求客觀比較5支油品之耗油性能,本研究將使用各 種油品之引擎油耗轉換成”比油耗”(Brake Speci f ic fuel Consumption,BSFC )來進行比較(同樣見表1 )。引擎使 用市售礦物高級柴油之平均比油耗為212. 7g/bhp-hr,而4 支生質柴油則分別為 212. 8、219. 0、225. 9、244. 5 g/bhp-hr。顯示使用生質柴油之車輛引擎較使用一般柴油 耗油最高達15. 0% 。如以容積比油耗(BSFC,Vol )而言 ,則引擎使用市售礦物高級柴油每小時、馬力需耗油 255. 2公升,相較於使用生質柴油之269。2,272. 6,269. 1 15 1254074 ,279. 5公升,使用生質柴油較使用一般柴油之引擎耗油 。 約 5. 5〜9. 5 % 〇 引擎污染排放測試 引擎使用市售礦物高級柴油執行暫態循環測試,在全 程1 200秒測試過程之總積算馬力(Integrated power )為 9。90075 kw-hr,4 支生質柴油則分別為 8. 98792、8. 98792 ' 、9.12836 及 9.05813 kw-hr,見下表 2。 表2、引擎使用生質柴油與市售高柴之性能比較表 (US-HDD暫態循環測試)
Diesel BD9505 BD8020 BD5050 B100 積算馬力,Kw.hr 9.90075 8.98792 8.98792 9.12836 9.05813 差異百分比 … -9.2% -9.2% -7.8% -8.5% 比油耗,g/bhp.hr 243.86 252.88 260.89 269.35 293.72 差異百分比 3.7% 7.0% 10.5% 20.4% 使用生質柴油之馬力損失為7. 8〜9. 2% ,與前述穩態 馬力測試結果之馬力損失相近。在重量比油耗(g/bhp-hr )方面,使用生質柴油平均比使用礦物高級柴油多出 3. 7〜20. 4 % ,而隨著酯化物(脂肪酸甲酯)生質柴油添加比 例之增加,其耗油程度也隨之上升。 比較引擎使用生質柴油與市售礦物高級柴油之污染排 放情況,cummins B 5. 9柴油引擎使用市售礦物高級柴油 之污染排放指數分別為總碳氫化合物(THC ) : 0· 435 16 1254074 g/bhp-hr、一 氧化碳(CO ) : 2· 05 5g/bhp-hr 、氮氧化物 (NOx ) : 6· 304 g/bhp-hr、粒狀污染物(PM ) : 0· 1324 g/bhp-hr (表3 )。引擎使用 BD9505生質柴油後,THC, C〇,NOx 及 PM 排放分別為 0.309、1.530、5.743、 0. 0 993g/bhp-hr。更換 BD8020、BD5050 及 B100 各種生質 柴油引擎各種污染排放指數亦均較使用高級柴油有降低的 趨勢,見表3。
表3、引擎使用生質柴油與市售高柴之污染排放比較表 (US-HDD暫態循環測試)
Diesel BD9505 BD8020 BD5050 B100 THC, g/bhp.hr 0.435 0.309 0.355 0.317 0.274 差異百分比 — -29.0% -18.4% -27.1% -37.0% CO, g/bhp.hr 2.055 1.530 1.640 1.642 1.822 差異百分比 -25-5% -20.2% -20.1% -11.3% C02, g/bhp.hr 654.7 760.4 767.3 769.2 802.1 差異百分比 … 16.1% 17.2% 17.5% 22.5% Nox, g/bhp.hr 6.304 5.743 5.777 6.012 6.56 差異百分比 —- -8.9% -8.4% -4.6% 4.1 % PM, g/bhp.hr 0.1324 0.0993 0.1036 0.0997 0.0857 差異百分比 -25.0% -21.8% -24.7% -35.3%
引擎使用生質柴油之THC及C0排放指數較使用市售高 級柴油分別減低18.4〜37.0%及11.3〜25.5% 。除BD-100 油品之外,對於NOx的排放均無負面效果。而就柴油引擎 排放物中最為人垢病且易致人體突變性之粒狀污染排放物 17 1254074 而言,使用生質柴油可較使用市售高級柴油減少PM排放 達21. 8〜35. 3%之多,顯示引擎使用生質柴油確能有效降 低THC、C0及PM等污染排放物。 (B)、熱力性能測試 將本發明之生質柴油與習用之礦物柴油,在相同排出 ~ 蒸氣量的基準下進行鍋爐燃燒之熱力實驗,並對廢氣中污 — 染物之含量進行檢測,其結果如下表四與表五: 表四: 項目 單位 柴油 生質柴油 標準 備註 差異% 燃料 L/Hr 80 76.8 4.00 硫 % 0.034 0 -100 CO PPm 347 257 2000 -25.94 S02 ppm 19 0 300 100 Nox ppm 80 95 250 18.75 THC ppm 76 70 150 -7.89 CO kg/hr 0.248 0.1833 S〇2 kg/hr 0.0311 0.0082 Nox kg/hr 0.0938 0.1111 THC kg/hr 0.031 0.0285 排氣 濕度 % 9.89 9.86 溫度 度c 206 219 速度 m/s 5.88 6.12 流量 Nm3/min 17.84 16.39 乾基實測 流量 Nm3/min 16.07 18.19 濕基實測 流量 Nm3/min 9.53 9.51 乾基校正 表五 項目 早ill 柴油 生質柴油 標準 備註 燃料 L/Hr 80 76.8 PM % 92 31 500 -66.30 PM mg/nm3 0.0523 0.0178 排氣 濕度 % 9.98 9.92 溫度 度c 207 217 18 J^^_ 值的注意的是,此熱力實驗中所用之生質柴油並未添 加有機金屬化合物,在表四中,我們可以發現每小時油料 的耗損量方面’生質柴油少了 3.2公升,污染性有毒物質 的硫和二氧化硫並不存在,總碳氫化合物(THC)也較少,然 而生質柴油之氮氧化物(ΝΟχ)較多,其主要之原因在於未添 加有有機金屬化合物,如之前說明可知,添加有機金屬可 以促使氮氧化物的沉積,成為鍋爐灰燼而去除。 另外,在表五中可以發現燃燒廢氣中固體微粒(ρΜ,
Particle matter )的含量,生f柴油也較礦物柴油大為減 少。 由上述實驗可知,本發明之生質柴油具有以下之優點
1 ·烷化物生質柴油雖麸埶佶I 私危A 库…、熱值車乂低、黏度向、流動點高 ,但具有無硫含量、無芳香炉合旦 π曰/工3里且有良好之潤滑性之優 點。 2 ·由排煙污染物分析έ士要 吓、、、°果可知,本發明之烷化物生質 柴油及酯化物生質柴油,均 9具有降低CO、HC、ΡΜ及ΝΟχ( 醋化物生質柴油除外)之優 k ”、、έ ’表現較石化柴油優越。 綜上所述’本發明中利 〜用合成:):元化物質和植物油或脂 肪酸烷基酯混合,以冷士、一、+ 生成〉可染性低之生質柴油,相較於取 代傳統礦物柴油,更能達到 心巧維4裱保的目的,同時並能降 低生質柴油之生產成本,古 有利於產業界能源運用,因此極 19 1254074 具產業上之利用性。 【圖式簡單說明】 (一) 圖式部分 第一圖:加氫脫氧反應單元流程圖。 第二圖:重整單元流程圖。 (二) 元件代表符號
Claims (1)
1254074 拾、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種烷化物生質柴油之製法,其包括有: 取得碳氧化物以進行加氫脫氧反應以生成C 1 數烷類及其暫時性活化自由基(_CH2—); 重整單碳數烷類及其暫時性活化自由基成c 3 — 碳數烷類以形成合成烷化物質; 用醇類酯化脂肪酸成為脂肪酸烷基酯;與 混合合成烷化物質及脂肪酸烷基酯。 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之烷化物生質 製法’其中在混合合成烷化物質及脂肪酸烷基酯後 步添加有添加劑,該添加劑係選自下列群組包括有 劑、染料、保存劑、有機金屬與流動點改善劑。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第2項之烷化物生質柴油 ,其中穩定劑的成份為胺系成份。 4 ·如申請專利範圍第2項之烷化物生質柴油 ,其中穩定劑的成份為磷系成份。 5 如申請專利範圍第2項之烧化物生質柴油 ’其中有機金屬化合物為有機鹼土金屬化合物。 6 ·如申請專利範圍第5項之烷化物生質柴油 ,其中有機金屬化合物為金屬羧酸。 7 ·如申請專利範圍第2項之烷化物生質柴油 其中流動點改善劑之成份為烷基—曱基丙烯酸酉旨 0 8 一種烧化物生質柴油之製法,其包括有: 之單碳 C 25中 柴油之 ,進一 :穩定 之製法 之製法 之製法 之製法 之製法 共聚物 21 Ϊ254074 苴2 1 ·如申請專利範圍第丄8項之烷化物生質柴油 -中有機金屬化合物為有機鹼土金屬化合物。 复2 2 ·如申凊專利範圍第2丄項之烷化物生質柴油 其中有機金屬化合物為金屬羧酸。 2 3 ·如申請專利範圍第丄5項之烷化物生質柴油 中机動點改善劑之成份為烷基—曱基丙烯酸鲳共聚物。 2 4 · —種烷化物生質柴油,其成份包括有: 取得碳氧化物以進行加氫脫氧反應以生成之單碳 數燒類及其暫時性活化自由基(-CH2-),重整單碳數院類 及其暫時性活化自由基成。3一 c25中碳數烷類以形成合成 燒化物質,其範圍為47%〜96% ; 植物油,其範圍為3%〜95% ; 有機孟屬化合物’其範圍為4ppm〜l〇Qppm,以及; 保存片1,其乾圍為lOppm〜500ppm。 2 5 ·如申請專利範圍第2 4項之烷化物生質柴油, 其中合成院化物質範圍為47%〜94% ; 植物油範圍為3%〜50% ; 有機金屬化合物範圍為15ppm〜70ppra ;與 保存劑範圍為l0ppm〜1〇〇ppm。 2 6 ·如申請專利範圍第2 4項之烷化物生質柴油, 其中合成烧化物質範圍為78%〜94% ; 植物油範圍為5%〜50% ; 有枝至屬化合物範圍為20ρρηι〜40ppm ;與 保存劑範圍為5〇ppm〜8〇ppm。 24 1254074 2 7 ·如申請專利範圍第2 4或2 5或2 6項之烷化 物生質柴油,其進一步含有添加劑,該添加劑係選自下列 群組包括有:穩定劑、染料與流動點改善劑。 2 8 ·如申請專利範圍第2 7項之烷化物生質柴油, 其中穩定劑的成份為胺系成份。 2 9 ·如申請專利範圍第2 7項之烷化物生質柴油, 其中穩定劑的成份為填系成份。 3 0 ·如申請專利範圍第2 4或2 5或2 6項之烷化 物生質柴油,其中有機金屬化合物為有機驗土金屬化合 物。 3 1 ·如申請專利範圍第3 0項之烷化物生質柴油, 其中有機金屬化合物為金屬叛酸。 3 2 ·如申請專利範圍第2 7項之烷化物生質柴油, 其中流動點改善劑之成份為烷基-曱基丙烯酸酯共聚物。 拾壹、圖式: 如次頁 25
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