TWI249380B - Method for enzymatic coupled with lye peeling of husked seed - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is to provide a method for enzymatic coupled with lye-pretreatment peeling of husked seed such as husked lotus and peanut seeds, which is comprised of two steps as following: firstly, a short period of lye-immersion pretreatment to decompose wax in husked seed peel. Secondly, a multi-enzyme complex of carbohydrase like pectinase, cellulase and hemicellulase, etc., were used to do peeling of husked seed. A rapid and efficient peeling of husked seed with high peeling ratio and high product quality and without any handwork used in conventional method is consequently obtained.

Description

1249380 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a method for peeling a skinned seed with a skin, especially for a skinned seed which has been shelled (eg, shelled lotus seed, shelled) Peanut with skin peanuts, after pretreatment with high temperature for a short time, the alkaline solution attached to the seed coat is washed away, and then the enzymes containing pectin decomposing enzyme, cellulolytic enzyme, hemicellulolytic enzyme, etc. The complex carbohydrate decomposing enzyme treatment, decomposing the pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose on the seed coat, causing the structure of the seed coat and the connection between the seed coat and the seed kernel to collapse, and then removing the spoiled seed coat by flushing to obtain a high-quality peeling seed. Two-stage operation peeling method. [Prior Art] There are about five kinds of peeling methods for fruits and vegetables in the uranium food industry, namely, flame peeling, flash steam peeling, knife peeling, abrasi〇 peeling, and Lye peeling

Peeling) # Wilbur A. Gould. (1996). Unit Operations for the Food Industries· CN publication·), where flame peeling is only suitable for onion peeling; steam peeling is environmentally friendly, but it is required to be at high pressure (15 atmospheres) Under the operation of the force, the equipment is expensive, and can only be operated in batch mode. When the raw materials are loaded and processed, the unloading of fruits and vegetables is less popular; and mechanical peeling (such as: abrasion and peeling and peeling) and chemical peeling (mainly alkali Liquid peeling has the advantages of rapid and large-scale treatment, and under the control of appropriate operating conditions, good peeling product quality can be obtained, such as the knife peeling method to rotate the fruits and vegetables to the stationary knife 7J or reverse. In foreign countries, 1249380 is used for peeling of fruit and pear (see Guo Mingjie (10) 2) • Fruit and vegetable processing technology. Food Science Domain Secret Society published. ), the damage and loss of peeling off the citrus fruit are small; because the surface of the leaves, seeds and fruit of the plant are covered with: thin (four) protective film, to protect the plant from pests and diseases The same type of esters and carbohydrates formed by the scorpion-like squamous scaly scales (see Fushunchuan Jianzang Supervision (10) 3) · μ Yu Nature Application, Second Edition. Fortunately, the study is published in Japan, Tokyo. And vinegar can be saponified and hydrolyzed with an alkaline solution (see He Dongying, Xiaofang Fanglang (1985) • Organic Reaction Theory. Published by Zhongguang Culture Co., Ltd.) even dissociated and dispersed (see Kubota, Murata, and West and West) One Hong (10) 8) • Transport seven washes. Kobayashi Publishing Co., Ltd., Japan, Tokyo. Therefore, when the tomato product is traditionally manufactured, the peeling of the tomato raw material is usually carried out by the sodium hydroxide solution, and the effect is good. Therefore, the mechanical peeling and the chemical peeling are generally used, but the friction peeling method in the mechanical peeling is the vegetable and fruit Φ. Put into the roller coated with corundum (1'〇116〇, friction peeling, its peeling loss may be as high as 25%, and because the surface of the food is round, the surface of the roller is also round, and the contact is only a single point, so peeling The efficiency is lower, and the knife peeling is mostly used for larger and rounded fruits. As for the chemical peeling method, there are also disadvantages, that is, improper control can easily cause high peeling loss and affect product quality, such as flavor, texture and fruit. In addition, chemical peeling still needs to consider the problem of wastewater treatment, and caustic is a common chemical peeling method. If the peeling conditions are not properly controlled, such as: high temperature sodium hydroxide impregnation and peeling, due to the strong action of sodium hydroxide, often The epidermis of the fruits and vegetables is eroded, resulting in the deterioration of the appearance of fruits and vegetables 1249380. This phenomenon also occurs in canned grapefruit (see Levi, A., Samish, Ζ·, Ludin, A., Hershkowitz, E. (1969) Studies on the quality of characteristics of canned grapefruit segments. II Additives improving their drained weight and texture. Journal of Food Tchnology. 4:179; Ludin, A., Samish , 1., Levi, A·, Hershkowitz, E. (1969) Studies on the quality of characteristics of canned grapefruit segments. I Factors affecting the drained weight and texture. Journal of Food

Tchnology· 4:177-178; Levi, A·, Hershkowitz, E., and Ludin, A. (1971) Studies on the quality characteristics of canned grapefruit segments. III. Addition of surfactant agents during the lye-peeling process, to Improve their quality. Journal of Food Tchnology. 6:265), so there is also a low temperature (3 〇 _35. 〇 long time (1G-2G min) oxidizing solution treatment for peeling, its peeling products are good, However, the slow processing speed is its shortcoming. As for the problem of wastewater treatment, in recent years, the industry has replaced the low-enriched sodium oxide (1 -2» with low-enriched sodium oxide solution (10) in the past. Because of the thin skin inside the fruit, 'there is still treatment with the oxidized aging solution. Because the sable is a biological substance, and the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Carrying out the reaction, high specificity of the reaction, ensuring that other cockroaches are not damaged, and it is easier to control the reaction' and the reaction device is simple, and the age can be set (4). The general vegetable 1249380 is made of pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, etc. Put the cells in the membrane with The cells and membranes are connected to the flesh, so that the skin can be peeled off with good working conditions and good results can be obtained (see pretel, Μ·τ., Lozano, P·, Riquelme, F., and Romojaro F). (1996). Pectic enzymes in fresh fruit processing: Optimization of enzymatic peeling of oranges· Process Biochemistry· 32:43-49), so recently the peeling of enzymes has received considerable attention (see steps 1〇111^, 1.11.&11 (1〇1^衍11, 八1(1978)· Sectionizing grapefruit by enzyme digestion. Florida State Horticultural Society. 91: 112-114; Rouhana, A. and Mannheim. CH (1994). Optimization of enzymatic peeling of grapefruit. Lebensraittel-Wissenchaft and Technologic. 27:103-107 ; Soffer· T· SMannheim· C· H· (1996) Optimization of enzymatic peeling of oranges and pomelo. Lebensmittel-

Wissenchaft and Technologic· 7··245-248 ;· Pretel. Μ. T. · Lozano. P.. Riquelme. F.. & Romojaro. F. (1997) Pectic enzymes in fresh fruit processing. Process Biochemistry. 32: 43-49; Janser. E. (1996) Enzymatic peeling of fruit. Food Processing. 3:1 -4), in which Bruemmer and Griffin dipped the grapefruit in the enzyme solution to remove the endocarp and white matter (albedo) And can get good quality pulp split products. At present, the enzyme peeling method is mainly applied to remove the peel of the citrus fruit after removing the exocarp, so as to achieve the purpose of splitting the flesh. Baker and Bruemmer (see 1249380)

Baker, RA and Bruemmer, J. H, (1989)-.Quality and stability of enzymically peeled and sectioned citrus fruit. In: Jen, JJ (ed), Quality factors of Fruit and Vegetables, Chemistry &Technology. Washington DC : Chemical Society Symposium Series· 405:140-148) Several kinds of pectin decomposing enzymes were applied to the removal of citrus endocarp, and the effect on the shelf life of the prepared fruit stem was investigated. After peeling, the quality is good and the storage property is better than that of mechanical and manual peeling. Rouhana and Mannheim also found that pectin and cellulolytic enzymes have a good peeling effect on the grapefruit endocarp, and the enzyme activity can be maintained for a period of time under suitable conditions. The commercially available shelled skin seeds are lotus seeds and peanuts, among which the commercially available lotus seed kernels can be obtained by harvesting, plucking, shelling, peeling, and topping. Each of the above-mentioned processings has been operated manually, which is not only labor-intensive and laborious. Among them, although the detachment and the shelling have been semi-mechanized, the seedlings of the lotus seeds are thin and adhere to the seed kernels, and mechanical peeling has its difficulties. Peeling still relies on manual work, low efficiency, if it is improperly peeled, it is more likely to turn black 'affecting sales; at present, the manual peeling of lotus seeds is extremely high, and it is estimated that the cost of peeling lotus seeds per kilogram is 2, and the pre-treatment cost is 7 Qu Yuan, especially in the case of peeling and taking the difficulty, is the most expensive, so it needs to be solved; as for the peeling of the shelled peanuts (fresh peanut kernels), in order to maintain the integrity of the pellets, it is also carried out manually, with peeling of lotus seeds. Time-consuming labor and other similar issues, in the meantime, although there are Chen Wenbin and others (see Chen Wen / Huang You, Li Yongrong, Qiu Yiyuan (1996). Peanut wet kernel stripping machine trial production 1249380 () · basic technical characteristics of the leather machinery belt Pipi fresh. η, Shizi reported 47·33-46.) Trial production of glutinous glutinous glutinous rice, but the principle of peeling 揉 action, on the heart of the flower, the palm of the hand is difficult to industrialize. Knowing that one skin is peeled off, its peeling efficiency is lower, compared with [invention content], secret (4) peeling technology of skin seeds such as · lotus seeds and peanuts and other seeds peeling side Lu =, as above. As described above, in order to improve the peeling technique of the above-mentioned husked seed, the present inventors (H Yumei and Li Xianrong (see Huang Yuzhen, Li Yirong. Fine. The preliminary study on the release of the enzyme lotus seed. The Taiwan Food Science and Technology Society 30th) Three member conferences, namely -24 'P. 398.)) used to market complex carbohydrate decomposing enzymes such as pectin-degrading enzymes, cellulolytic enzymes, hemicellulolytic enzymes (Visc

PeCtineX) 'A preliminary study on the peeling of the commercially available Dahelian (long grain) shelled lotus seedlings at room temperature (25°〇, 〇. 1% (V/V) concentration), found that the enzyme method can be quickly and effectively The peeling of long-stem lotus seeds is peeled off, and the peeling lotus seeds are not damaged, and the appearance color can also be better than that of the beautiful hand-picked lotus seeds. However, due to the special structure of the lotus seeds, the skin of the seed crown is healthy and healthy, and the film is thick and other. It is thick and has a very close adhesion to the seed kernels. It cannot be removed like other miscellaneous skins. Therefore, in the peeling operation of 4〇_, the peeling rate is only 90% (Fig. 1). The crown area of the seed accounted for 9.16±0·24% of the surface area of the lotus seed (note: the average of 20 lotus seeds), and it was not possible to soak the peeling anastomosis simply by enzyme; the above-mentioned topaz and Li Yirong (2〇〇3) also used low concentration hydrogen. The sodium oxide solution was observed at room temperature for the peeling effect of the dehulled lotus seeds. The hair removal rate of the long-grain or round lotus seeds was less than 5% (see Table 1: 25 ° C, 2% sodium hydroxide solution). It acts on the peeling rate (%) of long and round-shelled lotus seeds, but only needs to be soaked 1 Above 0 min, the lotus seed kernels become slightly darker yellow (Fig. 2), and it is obvious that peeling with enzymes or test liquids is not a good strategy. In the peeling of freshly shelled peanuts, the inventors and others (see Du Rongrong) Chen Yingxue, Li Yirong. 2004. Enzymatic extraction of fresh peanut kernels (unpublished).) The shelled peanuts were also applied with 丨.〇%(4) enzyme solution for 40 min and 8% of 1 (Krc sodium hydroxide solution). Soaking 1〇3" for peeling, it is found that there may be a lot of oil on the peanut film, and it can't be peeled off by the method. The peeling rate is only about 70% (refer to Table 2: Viscozyme solution of shelled peanuts with h 〇%) The peeling result obtained by immersing at room temperature for 4 〇 min), when the sodium hydroxide solution was treated, it was found that the peanut hypocotyl became black and the appearance was not good, and in this case, the peeling rate was only about 60% (refer to Table 3 for shelling peanuts). The peeling result of 8% of the nitrogen oxide solution in the immersion for 10 sec), in addition, the coefficient of variation of the peeling rate obtained by the two treatments is not small, which is unfavorable for actual production. The above results also show that peanut peeling is also carried out simply by enzyme or test liquid. Non-good From the above, it is known that the development of the peeling and peeling seed, such as the peeling and peeling of fresh lotus seeds and peanuts, does have its needs. Table 1

11 8 1249380

Table 2

No damage, no damage

As early as the above-mentioned shelled (four) skin seeds, such as: gambling money and peanuts, after careful review and research, it was found that the use of alkaline, sputum, moon, potassium, organic amines (ammonia), etc. For the σ 虱 虱 虱 虱 、 、 、 、 γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ ; further night 躐 f decomposition, = 素 and other decomposition of enzymes complex carbon hydration; two: dimension = seed cells in the seed coat and associated seed coat and seed between the pectin:, decomposition =, disintegration of the entire seed coat itself and its seed The binding material and "removal of the decomposed seed coat finally complete the invention.", the structure, and the material related to the method of the present invention, the lotus seed has Dahelian (long grain) and Jianlian glutinous rice) Shelled and husked seeds, both of which are Taiwan's main food sashimi varieties; as for peanuts, they use 2: South No. 11 peanuts, one of the two main peanut cultivars in Taiwan (see Cai Chengliang, Yang Yuncong, Zhang Minlang, Yang Yuhua, Lin Wujun (10) 2). Green varieties = miscellaneous grains The annual report of the experimental study, 89:9G—and outside, is often used as: the control variety of the improved species (see Yang Jinxing, Cao Wenlong, Xie Guang, He Qianli, Ji Xinchen, Lu Huangsheng, Lin Junyi) (2_. Improvement of groundnut varieties. Annual report on experimental research of miscellaneous grains crops. 89:55,.) and parents (see Cao Wenlong, Yang Jinxing, Xie Guang, = Qianli Zhang Mingwen, Shen Yunying, Zheng Shuxing, Zhang Longren, Zeng Shengxiong, Yang Yuncong) , You Tianrong, Zheng Shizao, Lin Longxin, Zhou Guolong, Han Qingmei, Zhao Mei, Lin Wanju, Yu Defa, Zhou Minghe, Chen Wuzhang, Zhang Jiansheng (10) 2). Regional trials of new peanuts in the autumn of 87~89 years. Experimental study on miscellaneous grains Annual report. 89:30-54.) As for the alkali-fed chemical steamed butterfly, it is a commercially available reagent __ grade sodium hydroxide particles; the peeling enzyme used is two enzymes that can decompose pectin: Vi Both yme and pectinex, both enzymes are enzyme products for the food industry in Denmark N0V0zyme, the former containing scorpion scorpion anti-water compound decomposition enzymes such as fission (ceHulase), semi-fibrase

Chemicellulase), etc., the branched pectin substance of the soybean cell wall is also decomposed for 13 1249380. The enzyme contained in Pectinex is mainly composed of pect〇lytic enzyme, and also contains less cellulose and half. Cellulose enzyme, the two kinds of compound enzymes have a good pH of around 4.5. After actual peeling test on lotus seeds, it was found that although the peeling performance of both enzymes was effective, the peeling rate of Visc〇zyme was slightly south (refer to Fig. 1), so it was selected as the peeling and peeling seed of the method of the present invention. Use enzymes. 5。 The pH value of the optimum pH of the enzyme is adjusted to a pH of 4.6 by the buffer solution of the solution of sodium citrate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. The peeling method of the peeled skin seed related to the invention, wherein the shelled lotus seed or the shelled peanut, whether soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution or soaked in an enzyme solution, is used to place the shelled lotus seed or peanut in a plastic mesh bag. The inside is slightly tightened and fixed, placed in a beaker containing the solution, and then placed in a constant temperature oscillating water tank to oscillate and peel. The oscillation frequency can be from 0 to 200 rpm (for example, 〇, 50, 100, 150, 200 rpm). The peeling test of the lotus seed has found that the peeling rate increases rapidly with the increase of the oscillation speed, and does not increase after reaching the oscillation frequency (for example, 150 rpm) (Fig. 3), so whether the lotus seed or the metamorphosis is hydrogen Treatment with sodium oxide or enzyme solution, the rate of vibration is fixed at rpm. The peeling method of the peeled skin seed related to the present invention, wherein the concentration of the enzyme is in the range of 〇·1%~1·0% (set to 0·1, 〇·3, 〇·5, 1.0%) At pH 4·5, normal temperature and 150 rpm oscillation, the peeling rate of the peeled round or long-grain lotus seeds reached the highest value when the effect was 40 min, and the highest values were equal (see Figure 4). And Figure 5), so the appropriate enzyme concentration can be selected according to the actual peeling operation requirements to obtain the desired peeling rate. As for the above-mentioned peeling method, regardless of the peeling of the shelled lotus seeds or peanuts, it is appropriate to take the appropriate amount of 14 8 1249380 to be the number of gambling scales, and the peeling effect of the seed enzymes, such as the peeling effect of the seed enzymes, is placed in (4) lotus seeds, placed In a 250 m crucible containing 8 g ml of concentrated mv/v)), 4. 5) enzyme bath, the beaker is covered with plastic wrap and the rubber band is tightly attached and placed at a constant temperature (25 〇Sink woven frequency 15 〇 2 action time total 4 〇 _ 'Every 1 〇 _ take out 3 lotus seeds, rinse water under the test water, observe and calculate the peeling rate, the test is repeated three times, the peeling rate is three times The average surface. The remaining oxidative fresh liquid, (4) enzyme concentration and the effect of peeling effect of different vibrating speeds were also taken at each time point for peeling, and the results were repeated three times. The average representation. As for the metamorphosis of the Huasheng', the peeling observation with high-temperature sodium hydroxide or enzyme solution is carried out in 10 beakers per batch, and the results are expressed as an average of six repetitions. To the old, ί is on (four) peeling important shadow _ After observing the child, use it as a second Wr to make a paragraph. The feasibility of peeling treatment is to take 10 pieces of 3, 5 and 10% sodium hydroxide solution. After soaking for 5 seconds, the lotus seeds are immediately removed, and the attached sodium hydroxide solution is washed away with water. Then, at a normal temperature of pH 4 5, 0 1 $ pS〇C〇Zyme enzyme solution for 2 〇 and 4 〇 minutes, the lotus seeds were taken out, flushed, and their appearance and peeling condition were obtained. The results obtained are shown in Table 4 (Lianzizi After 3, $ and 1% sodium solution 赃-5 sec immersion treatment, and then combined with U% enzyme solution ^ W and 40" bell peeling treatment, flushing _ 脱 New Zealand Lai 咐 咐, from Table 4 After the careful consideration of the above results, the lotus seeds were peeled and gasified. / 0. 0-8. 0 %, temperature: 80-1 〇〇. 〇, soaking time: 2-8 sec; ^sc ^zyme enzyme: concentration 〇. 〇-〇. 9 %, soaking time: 1〇_4〇min, temperature: book temperature and other conditions, with the reaction surface experimental design composed of various treatment combinations for peeling = sacrifice 'seeking lotus seed peeling Rate and seed damage rate and the inverse of the relationship between various places, the surface of the square weight, according to this private way to obtain the Lijia peeling operating conditions, and then operate this 1249380 The condition was subjected to five peeling operations to confirm the peeling effect. The process was as shown in the results of the examples described later and its statistical analysis. As for the peeling conditions of the peanuts, the peeling conditions of the obtained lotus seeds were appropriately corrected, and the silk was also shown in the examples. Table 4 Soaking time (min) 20 40 ---- Helianthus type sodium hydroxide concentrated sodium hydroxide concentrated sodium hydroxide----- degree 3% degree 5% degree 10% round grain 20% crown 60% crown seed coat 60% crown seed coat removal removal skin removal long grain 80% crown species 100% crown species 100% crown species --~~---- skin damaged skin damaged skin damaged round grain 100 % peeling, 100% peeling, outer 100% peeling, ------ Appearance acceptable Acceptable appearance Acceptable long grain 100% peeling, 100% peeling, 100% peeling, ________ Appearance acceptable 60% seed damage All kinds of seed list ___«_1 face minor damage 20 40 ^ middle peeling calculation and accounting 彳 仁 程度 程度 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分 分The role of the first time, the color of the sixth color of the pigment will be the lotus skin ~, the area of the square is No peeling area. Then the total area of the peanuts is obtained without peeling rate. The total table of lotus seeds and peanuts is calculated based on the surface area of the sphere (4 binding 2). As for the long grain 4, the calculation is based on the surface area of the cylinder (2 丨), plus both ends to ^ (set (r2) +h2) 1/2) Calculate it. The side surface area of the cone is 16 8 1249380 The degree of damage of the lotus seed is divided into 7 levels. _ xr7^^ Seriously, from the appearance of the visitor, the bean record heart is salty / recorded 'Where the 7 knife 7 is the damage, the most Qiu becomes the white ψ ν also ^ " A surface of the bad quality is completely falling 'that is, the surface of the lotus seed is completely leather, and the skin has been removed. The silk has turned white, but the appearance is still excellent; so the surface of the lotus seed, the effect of whitening Incremental = raw seed kernels due to oil protection, no damage after peeling, so the entrance to the lotus ======; following the Lai complete, from the side of the 3 points of the Weipi complete, the seed enzymes [ BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The following is a description of the technical scope of the present invention, and the scope of the patent application of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments. Λ Example 1 · One-piece stalk is taken from the detached lotus seed in two stages The treatment is carried out for profit, that is, before the kernel is not damaged, the shelled seed is firstly treated with a high-temperature oxyhydrogen solution, and the seed is taken out to remove the oxidized aged liquid of the attached water, and then the seed is immersed. Enzyme solution towel - after a period of time, remove the seed and flush it with water under the test faucet Solution of the film, in which the lotus seed peeling is caused by hydrogen and oxygen: concentration 2. G-8. G %, temperature: 80-1001, soaking time: 2-8 sec; Viscozyme enzyme: concentration 〇. 〇. 9 %, soaking Time: 10_40 min, temperature: normal temperature, etc., and the reaction surface experiment is mixed into various treatment combinations for peeling observation. The various treatment factors are the results of the examples described below and their statistical analysis. The center combination of the experimental design of the reaction surface can be designed, so there are 2β species in the test hybrid joint. Among them, the center point of the surface effect is repeated for 6 times, so there are a total of & trials, the whole 17 8 1249380 The test design and test results are shown in Table 5 (the results of the two-stage peeling operation reaction surface experiment and its implementation results), and each treatment in Table 5 takes 1Q lotus seeds for testing. Based on the test data Statistical analysis was performed to obtain the response surface equations for each response characteristic (response varmble) as shown in Table 6 (reaction equations for round and long-grain lotus seed in-segment peeling). The linear regression coefficient φ of the five-sided peeling rate and the degree of kernel damage of the long-grained sorghum is almost significant. In the peeling rate, the regression coefficient of the sympathetic term of each operating factor is also awarded, showing It is extremely complicated. The coefficient of determination (R) of each reaction surface equation is above 90. 'The equation of the reaction surface can reasonably describe the relationship between the operation factors and the peeling rate and the damage of the kernel. Using the Lagrange s multiplier method or The stacking method can solve the optimal operating conditions of most lotus seed peeling theory. The best peeling conditions for long-grain and eye-dropping lotus seeds are listed here, which are listed in Table 7 (the optimal conditions for the theory of lotus seed peeling), and according to Table 7. _ The conditions listed are for long-grain and round-grain lotus seed peeling operations to confirm whether the results of the implementation are guilty. Table 8 (Confirmation of the best peeling conditions for lotus seeds) is the result of peeling the obtained five times. It can be seen from the table that under the peeling condition, the peeling rate of long or round lotus seeds is 100%, and the degree of damage of the seed kernels is very slight, especially the coefficient of variation is very small, indicating the uniformity of quality. High, this is quite advantageous for a large number of processing operations. Compared with the peeling rate of pure enzymes, the peeling rate is 90%, which is indeed a lot higher. If the skin is peeled off with the gas and gas solution, the method of the present invention is less likely to cause seed damage, and it is indeed efficacy. 18 8 1249380

0000000000000000000000000000000 1 -1 < lx -- ^ - -- - r-.lI h _ ▲ ΛΜν pwo Li"DL£"D oy LCD LCD mo.oooomo.oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 2.2.2.2.8.88.8.5.5.5.5.2.8.5.5.5.5.5.5Lri5.5· ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo - -上I - ▲ 1i 11 ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 3001 32 398726 593979393628446 0^51· 1· 3· 1—13.5.^—7—13.2.1.5· 1· 4* 7 3· 3· 3-5.2- 3· i—12.2.4· 3· 0^5 3· 4· 4· oooooo 8 00 0800 rilr·丄-: ---!.x , j oooooooooooooo 90008208080 1i 1i 11 1i IX 11 00000080000 /1⁄2 Λυ π I u CO nurj 11 11 1X 1i - < -——- I into 11 ooooo 31 3 7 1 145649967 752641—18 8 · > · ········ 4.—ii—141—-3641433444644473442444 4 19 1249380 Table 6 Round seed lotus seed long grain lotus seed peeling rate seed kernel damage peeling rate seed kernel damage regression coefficient regression coefficient regression Coefficient regression coefficient intercept 95.90** 4. 55** 94.03** 3.90 A 3.89* 0.33** 55.07** 0.05 B 11.67** 0.72** A 25.92** 0.20 C 6.80** 0.76** 48.40** 0.90* D -4. 45* 0.45** 41.73** 0.74 E 16.11** 1.01** 50.92** 1.55** A2- -5.33 0. 16 -42.30** -0.13 B2 -5.33 1.01** 35.35 1.94* * C2 -1.56 - 0.39 -42.30** -0.53 D2 9.69 -0.69 -32.30* -3. 20** E2 -15.33* -0.99* -10.35 0.69 AB 6. 88** 0.07 36.95** 0.30 AC 1.88 -0.04 -31.95** -0.53 AD 15.63** 0.26 -30.70** -0. 14 AE -4. 38* -0.28 -39.45** -0.08 BC -16.87** 0.41* 16. 95** 0.61 BD -5. 62* A 0.04 -23.20** 0.43 BE rr\ -5. 63* A 0.13 31.95** 0.11 \jL) -5. 62 * 0.29 — 38.20** 0.25 CE -5. 63* -0.17 -29.45** 0.14 DE 8.12** -0.37* -33.20** -0.25 R2 0.9368 0.9550 0.9725 0. 9802

Note 1: Sodium hydroxide: A: concentration (%), B: temperature (°C), C: treatment time (sec), enzyme: D: concentration (% (ν / ν)), έ: treatment time (min Note 2 : : Significant at 1% level; * : Significant at 5% level. Table 7 Theoretical peeling rate of sodium hydroxide enzyme (%) Theoretical damage degree Lotus seed species concentration (%) Temperature (°C) Treatment time (sec) Concentration (%) Treatment time (min) Long grain 5.4 100 8 0.1 30 100.00 2.5 round Granules 4.7 100 3 0.1 10 103.17 2.2 20 8 4938 〇 Table 8 Degree of damage of long grain Roundness average degree of damage 2. 88 Average 2.766 Standard 0.241 Standard deviation 0.096 Coefficient of variation 8. 37% Coefficient of variation 3. 33% * : Round granules and The peeling rate of the long granules is 100°/〇, and the detachment is first immersed in 6% of 100 C sodium hydroxide solution for 8 sec, and then immersed in a 1% solution of Viscozyme solution at room temperature for 30 min for peeling. The results of this example are shown in the table. 9 (de-skinning first immersed in 6% of 100 C sodium hydroxide solution for 8 sec, and then immersed in 1% $Viscozyme solution at room temperature for 30 min), the table shows that the peeling rate is nearly 91. %, this result is better than the use of sodium bismuth oxide solution or only the enzyme peeling rate of 56% (Table 3) and 72% (Table 2). Table 9 Test sequence peeling rate (%) Appearance 1 92.9 No damage 2 94.4 No damage 3 89.3 No damage 4 91.0 No damage 5 80.0 No damage 6 96.3 No damage Average soil standard deviation 90.8±5.9 (°/〇) Coefficient of variation 6.5% Example 3·Two-stage peanut peeling 2 In this example, the shelled peanuts were pre-soaked with 6% sodium hydroxide solution for 8 sec, but the concentration of the subsequent Viscozyme enzyme solution was increased to 〇· 3 %, also peeling at room temperature for 30 mjn, the results of this example are shown in the table (the shelled peanuts are first soaked in 6% of 100 ° C sodium hydroxide solution for 8 sec, then 〇. 3 % of Viscozyme solution is often The results of the peeling film obtained after soaking for 30 min in g) show that the peeling rate is further improved to 94%, and among the six replicates, four of them have a peeling rate close to 1%, and the coefficient of variation between the repeats is very high. Small, the time used is also very short, showing that the peeling method of the present invention can perform a large number of high-efficiency operations on the husked seeds. 1249380 Table ίο Appearance No damage Test sequence Peeling rate (%) 1 85.0 99.7 84.1 98.9 No damage No damage

2 3 4 5 Mean ± Standard deviation 9^7. Coefficient of variation 7.9% [Simplified illustration] Figure 1 is the shelling associated with the method of the present invention: Qing = prime for long-grain lotus seeds in two petals ^ ectijiex 5XL) / Diagram of the peeling rate and soaking time in the combined liquid. The f + system and the method of the present invention have the effect of the action of the long-grained and long-grain lotus seeds in the rapid peeling method of the skinned seed with the husked seed.

Ut® grain? Sub-correction _ 1Q and 4. Minutes of the effect of the camera; = the effect of the long-grain lotus seed effect 1 〇 and 4 〇 minutes of the effect of the camera. The Brother 3 ® and the current method have a _ gambling method of peeling the skin with the skin, and the relationship between the oscillating speed _ grain and the lotus seed peeling rate. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the peeling of the rounded lotus seeds by the rapid peeling of the unshelled skinned seeds associated with the method of the present invention. Figure 5 is a quick peeling of the husked skinned seed associated with the method of the present invention. [Explanation of main component symbols] Vertical coordinate · · Peeling rate Horizontal coordinate: Soaking (action) time 22 8

Claims (1)

1249380 X. Patent application scope: 1) A rapid peeling method for peeled seed skins, which is to soak the high temperature test solution of the shelled seed skin for a short time to make the shelled seed skin The morphological changes of the seed coat and further dissociation and dispersion of the fatty acids in the wax cause the structure of the seed coat to be unprotected, and the selected group selected from the group consisting of pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose One or more of the complex carbohydrate decomposition enzyme solutions of the decomposing enzyme are infiltrated into the seed coat and subjected to peeling treatment. 2. A rapid peeling method for a shelled seeded seed, which is obtained by picking up the skinned seed seed for a short time after immersing in an alkaline bath, followed by addition of pectin, cellulose and semi-fiber a group of phenolic compounds, or a compound of two or more kinds of decomposing enzymes, which are de-discriminated at room temperature to decompose the tannin, cellulose and hemicellulose substances in the seed coat, and the structure of the skin The combination of seed coat and seed kernels makes it easy to wash off with water, but can be peeled off. 11