TWI244556B - Simplified design method and device of electronic personal dosimeter - Google Patents
Simplified design method and device of electronic personal dosimeter Download PDFInfo
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1244556 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 至目前為止,對從事游離輻射作業人員而言,可重複使用之被 動式熱發光劑量計(TLD: Thermoluminescence Dosimeter)為最為普及之 人員體外曝露輻射劑量計,其優點為低成本、成熟、與法規認證完備。 但面對日益嚴謹之游離輻射防護法規及社會要求,其重要缺點日益浮 現:(a)靈敏度極低且準確度不佳,通常計讀週期以月為單位,效用僅 限於事後記錄。即使有較高敏度產品,但又有嚴重之衰退效應,久放 劑ΐ貧料即消失;(b)其劑量計讀採集中離線處理,計讀機增加誤差, 且準確度调校控制程序繁瑣,一次讀完後資料即全部銷毀,無法複查, 不易取信於人。(c)劑量計測不能直讀,無法據以現場連續記錄與立刻 發迗警告,建立有效之線上即時輻射防護系統,不能滿足使用者對安 全感之高期望。 力一 曰甶,由於低成本、低電壓、低Z值矽光電二極體用於人員輻 (率)债檢器發展成功,從199〇年起,使用石夕债檢器電子式人員 j里计即為世界各國核能電廠採用,供管樞域卫作人員使用,取代 游離腔型劑量筆,作為傳統膠>5佩章與熱發光劑量計之輔助劑量管制 gtf丨現代1子式人員劑量計具有下述優點:(a)·即時之個人輻射劑量 ^ t助貞獠解其作業場所輻射纽,透過危機轉,提供工作 μΓδ度安,全感,易於實現輻射劑量管制作業極重要之,,合理抑低 性、目的,(b)·有較熱發細量計高出百倍之輻射靈敏度、方向 χΓ式準確計測性能,加上可與電腦直接聯線作數據交換,無 宜之;^電二^即可集警報輔助與劑量管制二功能於-機;⑹.内含廉 幅提高體技狀妙,以程式大 量限值稱、⑽4精確度,添多樣之人貞/區域輻射劑 (d)利用近代铸體遙^^人管解_ ’ Μ致增加成本。 久保在,4 -科技,右有雨要,輻射劑量數據原始記錄幾乎可永 '、 可_二維陣列碎感測器建立局部污染圖像,取代傳統 1244556 i片二者現代化之有線及無線數位網路環境契合,若有需 要配用者輪射劑量數據記錄幾乎可無遠弗屆,以任何方式監控有而 【先前技術】 章之ΐί ΪΓ員ΐ外貝 =一_5發展可取代現有熱發光劑量計與膠片佩 量⑽量率4路劑篁計,執行體外曝露、強穿與淺表等效劑 目ΙΐΛ 告、涵隸賴«麟雜餘護範圍。 設叶之^^TTTf=法购法雕專為醫用與非醫用人員劑量計測 能光子與貝他射線輻射翻㈣,分別負責再以 製=,„部等效劑量與淺部等效劑量。以此方法產 ㈣杜工疋人員劑置計因複雜度極高,即使於先進國家亦非成 =人土目則國際僅有少數歐盟國家能生產供應聲稱可取代tld,所 明付5法定劑量管理需求(App職d D〇simetry Service,or Dose of =ord)之電子劑量計,由於構造複雜,耗電增加,使得體積及重量較大 輻射調整校正作業繁複,成本高昂,不易廣泛為市場接受。里車又大, 由於技術演進,電付人貞缝計優崎漸紐肖者純防管制單 位嗓解,,此自1994年起,歐洲聯盟多國(英、義、挪威)已正式承認 電子式人貞警報計之記錄法律效力。類雜触學會(H 及國際電子技術委員會(IEC)亦已成立工作小組對趣1 13 27及脱 45B等人員劑量計規鮮瞻正,將電子式人量計納人傳統 量計檢證範圍。 採用二套條器電路搭配不同濾狀電子式人㈣量計雖可達到 符合法定劑Ϊ管理需求,但發展出的產品,無論生產、品管或校正, 均異常複雜,顯得累贅耗電,無法縮小體積,阻礙更輕巧敵儀器之 發展。 1244556 【發明内容】 本發明所提出之設計方法,乃應用近代量產低成本、低耗電具備有 多組數位/類比轉換器(Digital t0 Analog Converter)輸出之微電腦=統單 曰曰片與其強大運算能力’以生產成本低、極省電與輕便易攜為優先*斥 求,取消傳統之三組獨立偵檢器電路搭配固定低能射線輕射鑑別翻 等繁複作法,以四組可調位準電子鑑別器取代之。僅需一組偵檢^電 路搭配不㈣裝材料之商_光電二極體晶片,利用倾器與^鑑 別器臨限電壓與輻射線能量反應變化之數學相關性,直接以程式杵制 獲得不同_賴下之制結果,再與預存之能量反應特性變^輕 射線相依度絲矩陣,_立絲式求解計算射_類與比例,再^ 算正確之等效劑量資料,可以提高儀器對輻射辨識能力與正確性同時 簡化系統之硬體設計複雜度及減省耗電。茲參照所 细 本發明之原理與實絲置綠設計。 輻射偵檢頭與信號處理電路 適用於本發明之商用輻射偵檢頭為矽光電二極體,由於原子序與密 度較接近人體組織、成本低廉、體積較小(〜〇 〇lc c ),工作電壓低了適 於輻射從業人員隨身攜帶作為;⑴等射、線之輕射等電子式等效 劑量監測器應用。由於其工作原理在於每吸收—輕射粒子能量,即產 生游離電荷再魏赌之微㈣壓脈衝,鮮之顯⑽光電二極體 輻射偵測信號處理電路如附圖i所示,必須仰賴濾、片(1〇職除非人員 等效劑量測量範圍之輻射粒子(例如:α射線),石夕光電二極體(搬)吸收輕 射粒子能量產生電離電荷,電荷靈敏前置放大器(1〇3)與極_零補償放: 電路(1〇4)來將矽光電二極體因吸收輻射粒子電離能量產生之電荷信號 放大與定型,再送入鑑別放大器(105)。鑑別放大器為一比較器,盆作 用在將前置放大器送出電壓脈衝高度與一預設之臨限電壓νώ(1〇6、)比 較,只有超過鎌賴者指賴為代練神件之邏輯脈衝。隨後 1244556 再=數n搭配微處理輯算邏輯脈衝之發生快慢與多募,就可以用 ::數以程式等數位信號處理電路(107)演算獲知輻射場之強 ?、 ^ 到之輻射劑量。而臨限電壓之使用,一方面濾除了矽光電 和體口天生;,電產生之雜訊,另一方面也因電壓脈衝形狀高低與輻 射粒子種雜量統計分佈相關性,只要搭瞒#之電子硬軟體設計, 可以應用德練子分析,進而取代特殊設計之㈣,間化之設計 演算出正確之等效劑量。 分辨輻射粒子之傳統作法 ,’使用何種&計,法定人貞體外曝露輻棚量計必須能夠在輻射 線照射下,提供相等魏帶者表皮町―公分深度之深部等效劑量 H(l〇)與表皮以下ο;/公釐深度之淺部等效劑量尋·〇乃。依照目前几〇 系統組成之法定人員體外曝露輻射劑量計工作原理,標準之體外曝露 ,射,效胃劑量計必須能夠提供以下輻射粒子之正確制:⑴· $射線:自 最大旎量 Emax = 500keV(如:Sr-90),700keV(如:Tl_ 204,Cl-36),至 2.3MeV (如·Υ-90); (2)· γ 射線自 Am-241 (60keV)至 N-16 (6MeV); (3)· Z射線自M30 (<20keV)至H150 (120keV)。標準之設計不論是被動 (LiF:Mg,Ti,Hot Pressed 熱發光晶片),或主動(Si Ph〇t〇di〇de,脈衝電子 放大與計數如附圖二)式設計,都是採用三套輻射偵檢器搭配使用不同 材質過濾片(例··皮下一公分深部等效劑量H(10)用lmm厚之AgS塑膠 加0.4mm鐵弗龍組合濾片,等於1000mg/cm2;皮下7〇um淺部等效劑量 Η(0·07)用 38um Aluminized Mylar ;慮片,等於 I7mg/cm2…等等)模擬游 離輻射因穿透人體表皮組織下面不同深度條件所造成之衰減效果,再分 別測里./5,χ,y專各種輪射線傳送於债檢器之輻射能量,利用比較與組 合,依所辨㊂忍出之輻射線種類與能量,換算為深部與淺部等效劑量Η(ι〇), 與Η(0·07)數值。因此,自设計觀點,任何法定人員劑量計之設計必須具 備兩樣功能,一是辨別人員所曝露之輻射線種類、能量範圍與比例,另 外是依辨別結果將測量值換算為輻射防護作業依據之物理量。 1244556 電子電路分辨輻射粒子之理論基礎 本發明揚棄傳統以精密輻射過濾片搭配多只雜器作法,改用舰 器與鑑別社作龍操作,㈣子方錄行_輻難減效果模 擬,僅用-只偵檢器即可達到輕射線種類與能量之辨識,可大幅減省電 子式劑量計電路與機構設計複雜度與耗電所帶來之製造,調整,使用,與 耗電負擔,是達到電子式法定等效劑量監測器微型化之必要手段。 我們以實例說明電子方式執行輕射線種類與能量之辨識原理:我們 僅需-只去除封裝表面樹脂之光面石夕輻射傭器晶片(例加讓2自積 Φ 矽光電二極體,SIEMENS,BPW 34FAS或同級元件)上面加覆点,χ,r輻 射線均能穿透之薄膜(例:38mn Aluminized Mylar漶片,17mg/cmA2 ),偵 檢器後面搭配標準之前置放大與脈衝整型電路,再用可調低限位準 (Vth)之脈咼鑑別裔將定型後之輻射脈衝自雜訊中鑑別分出,並直接變 成數位邏輯脈衝。附圖2所示為在不同能量χ + τ與錄射線照射下, 脈高鑑別器低限位準設定值(Vth)變動對矽輻射偵檢器敏感度 (cps/mrem/hr)特性的影響。將附圖2整理後,若我們用\=2〇1^做£ 準值,在固定偵檢器電壓下,檢查不同種類與能量之輻射粒子敏感度^1244556 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] Until now, for workers engaged in ionizing radiation, the reusable passive thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD: Thermoluminescence Dosimeter) has been the most popular radiation exposure dose for personnel in vitro Its advantages are low cost, mature, and complete regulatory certification. However, in the face of increasingly stringent regulations on radiation protection and social requirements, its important shortcomings are increasingly emerging: (a) Extremely low sensitivity and poor accuracy. The reading cycle is usually in units of months, and its effectiveness is limited to ex post records. Even if there is a high sensitivity product, there is a serious decay effect, and the long-term release of the poor material disappears; (b) its dosimeter reading and offline processing, the meter reading machine increases errors, and the accuracy adjustment control procedures are cumbersome After reading once, all the data will be destroyed, it can not be reviewed, and it is not easy to gain trust. (C) Dosimetry cannot be read directly, can not be based on continuous recording on the spot and immediately issued a warning, establish an effective online real-time radiation protection system, and cannot meet users' high expectations for safety. Li Yiyue said that since the low-cost, low-voltage, low-Z-value silicon photodiodes were successfully used in personnel detectors, since 1990, Shixi debt detectors have been used electronically. The meter is adopted by nuclear power plants in various countries in the world for use by central guards. It replaces the free-cavity dose pen as an auxiliary dose control of traditional glue > 5 badges and thermoluminescent dosimeters. The meter has the following advantages: (a). Immediate personal radiation dose ^ Helps Zhenzhen to resolve the radiation button in his workplace, through the crisis, to provide work μΓδ degrees of safety, full sense, easy to achieve radiation dose control is extremely important, , Reasonable suppression and purpose, (b) · It has 100 times higher radiation sensitivity and direction χΓ type accurate measurement performance than thermal hair meter, plus it can be directly connected with the computer for data exchange, which is not appropriate; ^ It can integrate the functions of alarm assistance and dose control in the machine; ⑹. Contains low cost to improve physical performance, and is based on a large number of program limits, ⑽4 accuracy, and adds a variety of human / regional radiation agents ( d) Using modern cast body remotely ^^ human tube solution _ 'Μ 致increase cost. Kubozai, 4-Technology, with rain on the right, the original recording of radiation dose data is almost permanent, and can be used to create localized pollution images from the two-dimensional array chip sensor, replacing the traditional wired and wireless digital of the traditional 1244556 i-chip. The network environment is suitable. If there is a need, the user can record the dose data of the round shot. It can be monitored in any way. [Previous Technology] Zhang Zhiΐί ΪΓ 员 Ϊ 外 贝 = 一 _5 Development can replace the existing heat. The luminous dosimeter and film dosing rate are 4-way dosage meters, which perform in vitro exposure, strong penetration and superficial equivalents, and are covered by the scope of “Lin Miscellaneous Protection”. Suppose that ^^ TTTf = Faotoufadiao is specially designed for medical and non-medical personnel dosimetry to measure photon and beta-ray radiation. They are respectively responsible for the system's equivalent dose and equivalent equivalent dose. . Due to the extremely high complexity of the production of Dugong's personnel, even if it is in advanced countries, it is not a human settlement. Only a few EU countries can produce and claim that it can replace tld. Due to the complex structure and increased power consumption of electronic dosimeters that require dose management (App D Dosimetry Service, or Dose of = ord), the volume and weight of radiation adjustment and calibration are complicated, the cost is high, and it is not easy to be widely used in the market. Accepted. The car is big. Due to the technological evolution, the electric control system has been voiced by the purely control unit of the New Zealander, and since 1994, many European Union countries (English, French, Norwegian) have officially Recognize the legal validity of the electronic human vigilance alarm record. The Society of Miscellaneous Touch (H and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has also set up a working group to review the dosimeter regulations for personnel such as Qu 1 13 27 and 45B, and will be electronic Traditional people measuring Scope. Although two sets of sliver circuits are used with different filter-type electronic manometers to meet the regulatory requirements for statutory agents, the developed products, whether in production, quality control or calibration, are extremely complicated and appear redundant and consume power. It is impossible to reduce the size and hinder the development of lighter enemy equipment. 1244556 [Content of the invention] The design method proposed by the present invention is to apply modern digital production with low cost and low power consumption. It has multiple digital / analog converters (Digital t0 Analog Converter) output microcomputer = unified single film and its powerful computing power 'Prefers low production cost, extremely power saving and portability * rejection, eliminating the traditional three sets of independent detector circuits with fixed low-energy light beam The complex method of identification and translation is replaced by four sets of adjustable level electronic discriminators. Only one set of detection and detection circuit is required with the quotient of no outfitting material_photodiode chip, using the tilter and the discriminator threshold The mathematical correlation between the voltage and the change in the energy response of the radiation can be directly obtained by the program system. The result of the system depends on the change of the response characteristics of the stored energy. The wire matrix, the vertical wire type calculation and the calculation of the radiation class and the ratio, and then calculate the correct equivalent dose data can improve the instrument's ability to identify and correct the radiation, while simplifying the system's hardware design complexity and reducing power consumption. Reference is made to the principles of the invention and solid green design. The radiation detection head and signal processing circuit are suitable for the commercial radiation detection head of the present invention, which is a silicon photodiode. Because the atomic sequence and density are closer to human tissue, Low cost, small size (~ 〇lcc), low working voltage, suitable for radiation practitioners to carry around; electronic equivalent dose monitor applications such as tritium emission, light emission etc. due to its working principle Each absorption—light emission of particle energy, generates a free charge and then generates a micro-press pulse. The photodiode's photodiode radiation detection signal processing circuit is shown in Figure i. It must rely on filters and filters (1〇 Unless the personnel are in the equivalent dose measurement range of radiation particles (such as: alpha rays), Shi Xi photodiodes (moving) absorb light-emitting particle energy to generate ionized charges, charge-sensitive preamplifiers (103) and polar _ Compensation discharge: a circuit (1〇4) to the silicon photodiode charge signal amplified by the absorption of radiation particles and Crystallization of generating ionizing energy, and then into the differential amplifier (105). The discrimination amplifier is a comparator. The pot is used to compare the height of the voltage pulse sent by the preamplifier with a preset threshold voltage ν. . Then 1244556 = number n combined with the micro processing logic pulse occurrence and multi-recruitment, you can use the digital signal processing circuit (107) such as :: number program to calculate the radiation field intensity?, ^ To the radiation dose. The use of threshold voltages, on the one hand, filters out the noise generated by silicon photoelectricity and the body mouth; on the other hand, because of the correlation between the shape of the voltage pulse and the statistical distribution of the amount of radiation particle species, as long as the concealed # 之The design of electronic hardware and software can use the analysis of moral training to replace the special design, and the interim design can calculate the correct equivalent dose. The traditional method of resolving radiant particles is, 'Which type is used, the legal person's external exposure radiometer must be able to provide the equivalent equivalent of H (l 〇) and the epidermis below the epidermal ο; / mm depth of the equivalent equivalent to find 〇〇. According to the working principle of the legal personnel external exposure radiation dosimeter composed of several tens of systems at present, the standard external exposure, radiation, and efficacy dosimeter must be able to provide the correct system of the following radiation particles: ⑴ · $ Ray: Since the maximum amount of Emax = 500keV (Such as: Sr-90), 700keV (such as: Tl_204, Cl-36), to 2.3MeV (such as Υ-90); (2) · Gamma rays from Am-241 (60keV) to N-16 (6MeV ); (3) Z-rays from M30 (< 20keV) to H150 (120keV). The standard design is either passive (LiF: Mg, Ti, Hot Pressed thermal light-emitting wafer) or active (Si PhOtOdiode, pulse electronic amplification and counting as shown in Figure 2), using three sets Radiation detectors with filters made of different materials (eg. The equivalent dose H (10) in the deep subcutaneous layer with a 1mm thick AgS plastic plus a 0.4mm Teflon combination filter, equal to 1000mg / cm2; subcutaneous 70um Shallow equivalent dose Η (0 · 07) uses 38um Aluminized Mylar; consider tablets, equal to I7mg / cm2 ... etc) to simulate the attenuation effect of free radiation caused by penetrating the human skin epidermal tissue at different depth conditions, and then measure them separately ./5, χ, y The radiant energy transmitted by various wheel rays to the debt detector is compared and combined according to the type and energy of the radiated radiation that can be tolerated. 〇), and Η (0.07). Therefore, from the design point of view, the design of any legal personnel dosimeter must have two functions: one is to identify the type of radiation, the energy range and the ratio of the personnel to be exposed; the other is to convert the measured value to the basis of radiation protection according to the discrimination result. Physical quantity. 1244556 Theoretical basis for resolving radiant particles in electronic circuits. The present invention abandons the traditional method of using precision radiation filters with multiple miscellaneous devices. Instead, it uses warships and identification agencies to operate as dragons. -Only the detector can achieve the identification of the type and energy of light rays, which can greatly reduce the design complexity, power consumption, and power consumption caused by the electronic dosimeter circuit and mechanism design. Necessary means for miniaturization of electronic legal equivalent dose monitor. We use an example to illustrate the principle of identifying the type and energy of light rays electronically: we only need to-only remove the resin chip on the surface of the surface of the package. BPW 34FAS or similar element) with a coating point on it, a film that can be penetrated by χ and r radiation (for example: 38mn Aluminized Mylar diaphragm, 17mg / cmA2), with a standard preamplifier and pulse shaping on the back of the detector The circuit, and then the pulse discriminator of the adjustable low limit level (Vth) discriminates the shaped radiation pulse from the noise, and directly turns it into a digital logic pulse. Figure 2 shows the effect of the low limit setting value (Vth) of the pulse height discriminator on the sensitivity (cps / mrem / hr) characteristics of the silicon radiation detector under different energy χ + τ and recording rays. . After finishing the drawing 2, if we use \ = 2〇1 ^ as the standard value, check the sensitivity of radiation particles of different types and energies under a fixed detector voltage ^
Vth變化之影響,便得到如附圖3所顯示之相對敏感度特性。由於矽=射 4貞檢為對不同種類與能量之輕射粒子因交互作用之不同,敏感度隨 變化特性有相當大差別,我們可以利用此種差異,對單只矽輻射偵檢器h 與類比脈衝放大整型電路所產生之信號,藉變化比較器^^值,利用上述 附圖3圖示之特性,鑑別輻射粒子種類與能量,等於模擬濾片之功能, 同時獲得相當於三只不同測量範圍偵檢器之等效輻射線強度計測值。’ 如此之設計,可在標準射源校準後,很輕易的計算出上述輻射線體外曝 露對人體組織所造成之有效等效劑量或劑量率。 由於以現有之半導體電子技術,上述之脈高鑑別器限電壓調整,極易 11 1244556 利用具備數位類比轉換界面微電腦晶片達成,而且具備可數位化程式之 才呆控弹性,因此本發明提出之早<貞檢器電子方法遠較吻合未來裝置朝微 型與智慧型之實用需要。 單偵檢器之輻射粒子識別方法 本節將詳細述明如何將附圖2、3之單偵檢器對各式各樣輕射粒子 測I之反應特性用於實際電路設計:首先必須要求光電二極體偵檢器 與前置放大器搭配後之信號/雜訊品質必須達到可偵測到對象輕射能量 適用範圍,如冷粒子最少能夠測到T1-204之平均能量250keV與χ射線 Μ30有效能量之20keV。由於採取單一貞檢器之設計對策,我們必須對 · 二極體偵檢器之感測方向施以最少之屏蔽,上面僅加覆召,%,r輕射線 均月b牙透之薄膜/3,X,y幸§射線均能穿透之薄膜(38um Aluminized Mylar濾片,17mg/cmA2 ),並直接使用未包裝之矽光電二極體偵檢晶片 做為债檢器。The effect of the change in Vth results in the relative sensitivity characteristics as shown in FIG. 3. Since silicon = radiation 4 detection is different for light-emitting particles of different types and energies due to different interactions, the sensitivity varies considerably with changes. We can use this difference to detect a single silicon radiation detector h and The signal generated by the analog pulse amplification integer circuit uses the value of the comparator ^^ to make use of the characteristics shown in Figure 3 above to identify the type and energy of the radiation particles, which is equivalent to the function of an analog filter, and at the same time, it is equivalent to three different Equivalent radiation intensity measurement of the measuring range detector. ’With this design, the effective equivalent dose or dose rate caused by the external exposure of the radiation to human tissue can be easily calculated after the calibration of the standard radiation source. Because of the existing semiconductor electronics technology, the above-mentioned pulse height discriminator limit voltage adjustment can be easily achieved by using a microcomputer chip with a digital analog conversion interface, and it has the flexibility to control the digitizable program. Therefore, the invention was proposed early. < The electronic method of chastity detector is far more in line with the practical needs of future devices toward miniaturization and intelligence. Method for identifying the radiation particles of a single detector This section will describe in detail how to use the response characteristics of the single detector of Figures 2 and 3 to various light-emitting particles to measure the I for practical circuit design. The signal / noise quality of the polar body detector and preamplifier must reach the applicable range of the light energy that can be detected. For example, the cold particles can measure at least the average energy of T1-204 250keV and the effective energy of χ ray M30 20keV. Due to the design countermeasures of a single chastity detector, we must apply the least shielding to the sensing direction of the diode detector, and only add a call on it. Fortunately, X, Y § ray can penetrate the film (38um Aluminized Mylar filter, 17mg / cmA2), and directly use the unpackaged silicon photodiode detection chip as a debt detector.
其次我們採用如附圖4所示之電路,以多組具有不同vth設定值(例 如20,40, 60,80與100 mV等五組)之脈高鑑別電路搭配獨立之計數器, 對放大整型處理後之偵檢器輻射脈衝信號,同步進行記錄,假設其所 獲得之脈衝計數率分別為C(20),C(1 2 3 4〇),C(60),C(80)與C(100),參考 附圖2、3,並根據美國能源部對法定劑量計校測實驗室檢定計畫 DOELAP (Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program),將 法定劑量計校測所需之標準輻射粒子分為以下類: 12 1 .Category IIJV-高能 r 射線,Cs-137(E=662keV); 2 .Category Ι,ΙΙΙΑ-低能 χ 射線,M30(平均能量 Eav=20keV),M60 3 (Eav=27keV),M100(Eav=42keV), M150( Eav = 4 70keV), H150 (Eav= 120keV); 1244556 ⑶.Category VA,VB,VC -高低能 /3 射線,Sr-90/Y-90 (Emax = 2.3MeV)Secondly, we adopt the circuit shown in Figure 4 to use multiple sets of pulse height discrimination circuits with different vth setting values (for example, five sets of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mV) with independent counters. The processed detector radiates pulse signals and records them synchronously, assuming that the pulse counting rates obtained are C (20), C (1 2 3 4〇), C (60), C (80), and C ( 100), with reference to Figures 2 and 3, and according to the US Department of Energy ’s DOELAP (Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program), the standard radiation particles required for legal dosimeter calibration are divided into The following categories: 12 1 .Category IIJV-high energy r-ray, Cs-137 (E = 662keV); 2.Category Ⅰ, ΙΙΙΑ- low energy χ-ray, M30 (average energy Eav = 20keV), M60 3 (Eav = 27keV), M100 (Eav = 42keV), M150 (Eav = 4 70keV), H150 (Eav = 120keV); 1244556 ⑶.Category VA, VB, VC-high and low energy / 3 rays, Sr-90 / Y-90 (Emax = 2.3MeV )
Tl-204 (Emax=760keV) 〇 在DOELAP中,為鑑定法定劑量計可信度,除要求劑量計接受上述 各類輻射粒子單獨照射檢查輻射劑量讀值之準確性外,並要求不同之 輻射粒子混合照射,如高低能光子(III & IV),高能光子加高(低)能貝他 (IV&V),低能光子加高(低)能貝他(III&V)···等等。因此,我們依照附圖 3之特性與⑴-⑶分類用Rhg(662keV Cs-137,與1.25MeV Co-60等高能 加馬(X)光子),Rmx (30-60keV低能NIST標準X光子源),Rlx (2〇 keV以 下低能NIST標準X光子源),Rhb(Y-90/Sr-9〇高能貝他粒子),Rlb(T1- 204 馨 低能貝他粒子)分別代表不同輻射粒子之強度(以H(〇 〇7)淺部等效輻射 劑量率mSv/hr表示)。因此我們可以將總脈衝計數率c(Vth)分解為各不 同輻射粒子之計數率Cxx(Vth)成份,且有各自對應之反應因數ρχχ (counts per second per mSv/h ),如下式(1)所示: c(Vth) = ^Fxx(Vth)xRxx (1)Tl-204 (Emax = 760keV) 〇 In DOELAP, in order to determine the credibility of legal dosimeters, in addition to requiring the dosimeter to accept the above types of radiation particles to irradiate individually to check the accuracy of the radiation dose readings, different radiation particles are required. Mixed irradiation, such as high and low energy photons (III & IV), high energy photons increase (low) energy beta (IV & V), low energy photons increase (low) energy beta (III & V) ... etc. . Therefore, we use Rhg (662keV Cs-137, 1.25MeV Co-60 and other high-energy gamma (X) photons) and Rmx (30-60keV low-energy NIST standard X-ray source) according to the characteristics of Figure 3 and ⑴-⑶ classification. , Rlx (low-energy NIST standard X-ray photon source below 20 keV), Rhb (Y-90 / Sr-9〇 high-energy beta particles), and Rlb (T1- 204 sweet low-energy beta particles) respectively represent the intensity of different radiation particles ( Expressed as H (〇07) shallow equivalent radiation dose rate mSv / hr). Therefore, we can decompose the total pulse count rate c (Vth) into the count rate Cxx (Vth) components of different radiation particles, and have their corresponding response factors ρχχ (counts per second per mSv / h), as shown in the following formula (1) As shown: c (Vth) = ^ Fxx (Vth) xRxx (1)
XX B由附圖2我們可利用單獨輻射源之校測統計資料獲得公式(p中在不 同th下所有之反應因數&㈣二㈣抓办灿圳值’參見附表:XX B can be obtained from the attached figure 2 using the calibration statistics of the individual radiation source (all response factors in p under different th & ㈣ ㈣ 灿 Canzhen value ′ see attached table:
60 80 100 19 ±1 15 ±1 15 ±1 19 ±1 17 ±1 17 ±1 28 ±2 22 ±2 18 ±2 1 48 ±10 34 ±8 23 ±5 36 土2 11 ±1 2·5 ±·5 13 I244556 公式(1)亦可改寫為矩陣與向量型式,如公式(2): (2)60 80 100 19 ± 1 15 ± 1 15 ± 1 19 ± 1 17 ± 1 17 ± 1 28 ± 2 22 ± 2 18 ± 2 1 48 ± 10 34 ± 8 23 ± 5 36 soil 2 11 ± 1 2 · 5 ± · 5 13 I244556 Formula (1) can also be rewritten into matrix and vector types, such as formula (2): (2)
C=[F]®R hg,C = [F] ®R hg,
其中,向量 C與 R 分別代表((:(20),(:(40),(:(60),(:(80),(:(100))與(1^巩 Rib,Rmx,Rlx)。而[F]矩陣中則為不同Vth下所有之反應因數Fn。雖然依 照五元一次聯立方程式之求解需要,五組聯立方程式獲得五組Rxx唯一 解如公式⑶: XX (3)Among them, the vectors C and R represent ((: (20), (: (40), (: (60), (: (80), (: (100)), and (1: Rib, Rmx, Rlx)) In the [F] matrix, there are all the reaction factors Fn at different Vth. Although the five-element simultaneous equations are required to solve, five sets of simultaneous equations obtain five sets of Rxx unique solutions, such as the formula: XX (3)
R = [F]~l0C 其中,[F]1為[F]矩陣之反矩陣。除使用公式(3)以矩陣運算求出數學解之 外,我們也可由關3之特性可以看出C(2G)至c(4曝至c(6()),c(i〇〇) 之相對變化看出不同之Rxx種類,歸納如下表: ---—·小问賴射粒子之及离fch例特忖 Vth(mV) C(20)/C(40) C(20)/C(60) C(60)/C(100) Rhb 1.8 2.7 U —Rib 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.6 —Rmx 1Λ 1.3 2.0 1.9 4.5 1.8 f表二,我們可以根據預知工作環境條件與表中三組比值,先行 ^ /读fr _RXX成份,再略除非主要RXX成份所對應之Fxx,簡化[F]矩陣元素 r料猜測之[F*]矩陣,算出其反矩陣鬥],代入公式⑴之聯立方 二可能之近似解。再用近似解代回公式⑴,我們即可以反覆 肩鼻方法,得到其他Rxx唯一解: 1244556R = [F] ~ l0C where [F] 1 is the inverse of the [F] matrix. In addition to using formula (3) to obtain mathematical solutions through matrix operations, we can also see from the characteristics of Guan 3 that C (2G) to c (4 is exposed to c (6 ()), and c (i〇〇) The relative changes show different types of Rxx, which are summarized in the following table: ----- · A small example of the ray emission particle and its separation fch Example Vth (mV) C (20) / C (40) C (20) / C ( 60) C (60) / C (100) Rhb 1.8 2.7 U —Rib 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.6 —Rmx 1Λ 1.3 2.0 1.9 4.5 1.8 f In Table 2, we can predict the working environment conditions and the three groups of ratios in the table first. ^ / Read fr _RXX components, and omit the Fxx corresponding to the main RXX components, simplify the [F] matrix element r to guess the [F *] matrix, calculate the inverse matrix bucket], and substitute it into the formula ⑴ of the joint cube two possible Approximate solution. Substituting the approximate solution back to the formula 反, we can repeat the shoulder-nose method and obtain the other Rxx unique solutions: 1244556
Rn+l =Κη + ^]~ι ®(C-[F]®Rn) (4) 在公式(4)收斂情況下,我們可以依公式(5)之條件確認已獲得解答: 深部與淺部等效劑量H(10),與Η(0·07)之換算 在上節我們利用在預知反應係數矩陣Fxx(Vth)參數後,同時測量不同 之C(vth)值,解出不同能量光子之H(007)淺部等效輻射劑量率強度 馨 仏),1^,1^,1^和1^(11^/111:),等等。而根據美國對人員劑量計之國家 標準ANSI 13.11,對不同能量光子所造成之H(1〇)深部等效輻射劑量率 強度亦可以由淺部等效輻射劑量率強度乘上一定因數換算出來,其換 算表可參考附表三: ' 附表三·不同輻射粒t之Hs(〇.〇7)/Hp(l〇)因數 __ 輻射粒子 Hs(0.〇7):Hp(l〇)因數 Rix(M30,20keV) 1.0 : 0.47 —Rmx(30-70keV) 1.0 : 0.8-0.9 Rig(80-250keV) 1.0 : 1.07 Rhs(>662keV) 1.0 : 1.0 _ Rib?Rhb(Beta) 1.0 : 0.0 【實施方式】 欲没计製造完整之電子式法定劑量計裝置,如附圖5所示,本發明 之T施裝置包括··至少-組如關!所述之輻射碰器⑽)與輕射侦 測信號處理電路(502),其材質、體積、麟鬆對默侧對象放射 15 1244556 線之種類與能量範圍(如前節所述之^3、%、或r等射線),執行有效之吸 收與電氣信賴換朗含碰n輕供應元件提·射倾各之 電壓以執行放射線能量之吸收與信號轉換;—套如關4所述之^比 轉邏輯脈衝信號轉換計數電子裝置㈤),其魏在於㈣檢器產生之 信號加以㈣後,並經五不同臨限預設低限位準之比較器將定 輕射脈衝自雜訊中鑑別分出,„產生五套標準數位邏輯信號輸出, 搭配五組數位脈衝事件計數器及必要之微電腦界面電路;— iff J ^ ^ ^ 體私式微電腦晶片(5〇4)與周邊硬體(5〇5),可能的話,可以選擇包含五组 數位脈衝事件計數ϋ魏之微電腦晶片,直接驅動 數 位邏輯信號,並根據脈麟數量測結果與制者指令,以 法’執行·種贿識無㈣棘部及淺表劑量 微電腦劑量分析軟體設計 任務之執行: 本發明之電子絲賴量計實施裝置,微電腦晶#必須 r in · 、 、 * ΐΓ!=取:微電腦晶片在與輻射碰頭完成硬體連線及測 1 ’由彳祕者透職腦數據界面輸讀射源職與繼」 細=限m(5)舰分_收斂ΐ ^差占而求、公式(3)之深部與淺部等效劑量之對應反矩 $二數值如關_、二所不,均為細偵檢軸錢處理電路,以 況下,用DGELAP指定之鮮射馳氧’” 其舰繼超過五,_貝他與‘量電加= =線之細分類。料,輻獅護之·參數如制者身㈣預主(二 =業騎祕之輻射讀許可觸碼,深部與_等效劑量^ 置率預警及警報限值料。上述參數於確認無誤後,存人非揮= 16 !244556 之資料記憶體之申,接著程式啟動由微電腦晶片執行透過數位/類比 轉換界面完成五組鑑別電壓臨限值之設定,然後啟用輻射偵檢頭,進 入五組計數資料之收集。 2. 為料分析·當完成五組輪射脈衝計數資料測量至足夠數目與時間 後,即可命令微電腦晶片執行輻射源辨識分析作業。主要内容包含: 冰死期修正與輻射源成份估算工作,其目的在於對五組計數資料,利 用附表二之比值比較或輻射作業辨識碼分類方法,預先尋找出所計 測輻射場之主要成份,決定猜測之深淺部等效劑量簡化陣,並 =照公式(3)、(4)、(5)演算,得到各輻射源成份之正確深淺部等效劑 量值。 3·Rn + l = Κη + ^] ~ ι ® (C- [F] ®Rn) (4) In the case of convergence of formula (4), we can confirm that the answer has been obtained according to the conditions of formula (5): deep and shallow Equivalent dose H (10), converted to Η (0 · 07) In the previous section, we used the Fxx (Vth) parameter in the reaction coefficient matrix to predict the value and measure different C (vth) values at the same time. H (007) Shallow equivalent radiation dose rate intensity (Xinyi), 1 ^, 1 ^, 1 ^, and 1 ^ (11 ^ / 111 :), and so on. According to the American national standard for human dosimeters ANSI 13.11, the equivalent radiation dose rate intensity of H (10) deep caused by different energy photons can also be converted by multiplying the equivalent radiation dose rate intensity of the shallow part by a certain factor. For the conversion table, please refer to the attached table III: 'attached table III · Hs (〇.07) / Hp (l〇) factor of different radiation particles t__ radiation particles Hs (0.07): Hp (l〇) Factor Rix (M30,20keV) 1.0: 0.47 --Rmx (30-70keV) 1.0: 0.8-0.9 Rig (80-250keV) 1.0: 1.07 Rhs (> 662keV) 1.0: 1.0 _ Rib? Rhb (Beta) 1.0: 0.0 [Embodiment] To manufacture a complete electronic statutory dosimeter device, as shown in FIG. 5, the T application device of the present invention includes at least-group as off! The radiation bumper ⑽) and the light-emitting detection signal processing circuit (502), the material, volume, and the type and energy range of the radiated 15 1244556 line emitted by the pine to the object on the silent side (as described in the previous section ^ 3,% , Or ray such as r), perform effective absorption and electrical renewal, including touching n light supply components to lift and tilt each voltage to perform radiation energy absorption and signal conversion; The logic pulse signal converts and counts the electronic device ㈤). Its Wei lies in that the signal generated by the detector is added, and the fixed light shot pulse is discriminated from the noise by a comparator with five different thresholds and preset low limit levels. „Generate five sets of standard digital logic signal outputs, with five sets of digital pulse event counters and necessary microcomputer interface circuits; — iff J ^ ^ ^ private microcomputer chip (504) and peripheral hardware (505) , If possible, you can choose to include five sets of digital pulse event counting Wei Wei microcomputer chip, directly drive digital logic signals, and according to the pulse measurement results and the manufacturer's instructions, according to the law 'executive, kind of bribery, recognition Superficial dose Execution of brain dose analysis software design task: In the electronic silk meter of the present invention, the microcomputer crystal #must be r in ·,, * ΐΓ! = Take: The microcomputer chip completes the hardware connection and measurement with the radiation head 1 ' The source and succession of the radioactive source are input and read from the brain data interface of the occultist. `` Fine = limit m (5) ship points_convergence ^ Calculated by the difference. The equivalent response of the deep and shallow equivalent doses of formula (3) The value of the moment $ 2 is as close as possible, and the two are not. Both are fine detection and inspection axis processing circuits. In other cases, the fresh shot oxygen specified by DGELAP is used. " = = The detailed classification of the line. Materials, such as the protection of the spokesman, the parameters such as the manufacturer's body, the pre-master (two = the industry ’s radiation reading permission touch code, deep and _ equivalent dose ^ rate warning and alarm limit material After confirming the above parameters, save the non-volatile = 16! 244556 data memory application, and then start the program. The microcomputer chip will execute the digital / analog conversion interface to complete the setting of five sets of identification voltage thresholds, and then enable radiation. The detection head enters the collection of five sets of counting data. 2. Analysis of the material · When the five sets of round pulses are completed After the counting data is measured to a sufficient number and time, the microcomputer chip can be instructed to perform the radiation source identification and analysis. The main contents include: The ice dead period correction and radiation source component estimation work. The purpose is to use five sets of counting data to use the second table. Ratio comparison or classification method of radiation operation identification code, find out the main components of the measured radiation field in advance, determine the simplified equivalent dose matrix of the shallow and deep part of the guess, and calculate according to formulas (3), (4), (5), get each The correct equivalent dose value of the radiation source composition.
微電腦晶片深淺部等效劑量值顯示與警報:當所計測輻射深淺部等 ,劑量資料被確認可信並完成確認後,韌體程式即可命令電腦依人 員輻射防護管㈣業之要求,執行劑量值顯示鱗報,設計上也可做 特定資料存錄之功能。 4·數2貧料傳錄:為配合轄射成份與劑量運算資料庫之建立與疑難計 Ζϊίΐΐ理,微電腦晶片必須能執行與他種電腦主機數據連線 與貝料傳錄4功能。典型之軟體程式流程圖參見附圖6。Equivalent dose value display and alarm of microcomputer chip depth: When the dose data is confirmed credible and completed, the firmware program can order the computer to execute the dose according to the requirements of the person's radiation protection tube industry. Value display scale report, design can also do the function of specific data recording. 4 · Number 2 Poor Material Recording: In order to cooperate with the establishment and difficult calculation of the radioactive component and dose calculation database, the microcomputer chip must be able to perform data connection with other computer hosts and the shell material recording and recording 4 functions. See Figure 6 for a typical software program flowchart.
17 1244556 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖:標準矽光電二極體輻射偵檢器電路設計示意圖。 第2圖:單濾片單偵檢器電路對不同能量輻射線靈敏度隨鑑別器低限 電壓(Vth)變化之特性曲線圖。 第3圖:以Vth=20mV為基準時,單濾片單偵檢器電路對不同能量輻射 線相對靈敏度隨鑑別器低限電壓(Vth)變化之特性曲線圖。 第4圖:以單濾片單偵檢器電路搭配多組不同vth基準鑑別器與隨機脈 衝事件計數器之電路概念設計方塊圖。 第5圖:實施例採用之微電腦單晶片完整系統設計示意方塊圖。 第6圖:實施例採用之微電腦單晶片韌體設計流程圖。 2·主要元件符號說明 第1圖:(101)濾片,(102)矽光電二極體,(103)電荷靈敏前置放大器,⑼4) 極-零補償放大電路,(105)鑑別放大器,(106)臨限電壓Vth,(107) 含計數器,微處理器,與演算程式之數位信號處理電路。 第 2 圖:(201)M30 X 射線,平均能量<20keV; (202)M60,M100 M150 X 射 線,平均能量27-68keV; (203)中高能加馬與X射線,平均能量 6〇keV-6MeV; (204) Sr-90/Y-90 平均能量 546keV β射線;(205)17 1244556 [Schematic description] Figure 1: Schematic design of standard silicon photodiode radiation detector circuit. Figure 2: The characteristic curve of the sensitivity of the single-filter single-detector circuit to different energy radiations as a function of the lower limit voltage (Vth) of the discriminator. Figure 3: With Vth = 20mV as the reference, the characteristic curve of the relative sensitivity of the single filter single detector circuit to different energy radiations as a function of the lower limit voltage (Vth) of the discriminator. Figure 4: Block diagram of the circuit concept design of a single filter single detector circuit with multiple sets of different vth reference discriminators and random pulse event counters. FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a microcomputer single chip complete system design used in the embodiment. FIG. 6: The microcomputer single chip firmware design flow chart used in the embodiment. 2 · Description of main component symbols Figure 1: (101) filter, (102) silicon photodiode, (103) charge-sensitive preamplifier, (4) pole-zero compensation amplifier circuit, (105) discrimination amplifier, ( 106) Threshold voltage Vth, (107) Digital signal processing circuit including counter, microprocessor, and calculation program. Figure 2: (201) M30 X-ray, average energy <20keV; (202) M60, M100 M150 X-ray, average energy 27-68keV; (203) Medium and high energy Gama and X-ray, average energy 60keV- 6MeV; (204) Sr-90 / Y-90 average energy 546keV β-ray; (205)
Cl-36,Tl-204 平均能量 246keV β射線。 1244556 第 3 圖:(3〇1)Μ3〇 X 射線,平均能量<2〇keV; (302)M60,M100, M150 X 射 線,平均能量27-68keV; (303)中高能加馬與X射線,平均能量 60keV-6MeV; (304) S1-90/Y-90 平均能量 546keV β射線;(305) C1-36,Ή-204 平均能量 246keV β射線。 第4圖:(401)單濾片單偵檢器脈衝整型放大電路;(4〇2)多組並列鑑別器 與隨機脈衝事件計數器電路;(403)多組數位控制臨限值產生器; (404)微電腦主控制器。Cl-36, Tl-204 average energy 246keV β-ray. 1244556 Figure 3: (30) M3O X-rays, average energy <2kekeV; (302) M60, M100, M150 X-rays, average energy 27-68keV; (303) Medium and high energy horses and X-rays , Average energy 60keV-6MeV; (304) S1-90 / Y-90 average energy 546keV β-ray; (305) C1-36, thorium-204 average energy 246keV β-ray. Figure 4: (401) single filter single detector pulse integer amplifier circuit; (402) multiple sets of parallel discriminator and random pulse event counter circuits; (403) multiple sets of digital control threshold generator; (404) Microcomputer main controller.
第5圖:(501)由濾片與矽光電二極體組成之輻射偵檢器;(5〇2難衝整型 與放大電子電路;(503)多組並列鑑別/計數電路;(504)界面週 邊電子電路;(505)微電腦晶片主控制器。 第6圖:(601)開始;(602)完成自測,確認正常設定工作參數,啟動輻射 偵測;(603)多組計數資料收集,射源成份辨識模組啟動;(6〇4) 修改射源辨識成份;(605)建立劑量矩陣,進行反復演算求解; (606)收斂判斷(607)完成劑量成份演算輸出;(608)劑量計通 信模組啟動;(609)繼續或停止;(610)結束。Figure 5: (501) Radiation detector consisting of a filter and a silicon photodiode; (502 difficult to shape and amplify electronic circuits; (503) multiple sets of parallel identification / counting circuits; (504) Interface electronic circuit; (505) microcomputer chip main controller. Figure 6: (601) start; (602) complete self-test, confirm normal setting of working parameters, start radiation detection; (603) multiple sets of counting data collection, The source component identification module is started; (604) Modify the source identification component; (605) Establish a dose matrix and perform repeated calculations; (606) Convergence judgment (607) Complete the dose component calculation output; (608) Dosimeter The communication module starts; (609) continues or stops; (610) ends.
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US8735842B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2014-05-27 | National Applied Research Laboratories | Non-visible particle detection based on smart phone |
TWI459018B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-11-01 | Nat Applied Res Laboratories | Gamma dose rate measurement system |
CN108572382A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-25 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | The measuring method of H ' (0.07) in a kind of β-γ mixed radiation fields |
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US8735842B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2014-05-27 | National Applied Research Laboratories | Non-visible particle detection based on smart phone |
TWI459018B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-11-01 | Nat Applied Res Laboratories | Gamma dose rate measurement system |
CN108572382A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-25 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | The measuring method of H ' (0.07) in a kind of β-γ mixed radiation fields |
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CN110831502A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2020-02-21 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | X-ray misuse protection |
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