TWI243799B - Non-magnetic nickel powders and method for preparing the same - Google Patents
Non-magnetic nickel powders and method for preparing the same Download PDFInfo
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- TWI243799B TWI243799B TW093109815A TW93109815A TWI243799B TW I243799 B TWI243799 B TW I243799B TW 093109815 A TW093109815 A TW 093109815A TW 93109815 A TW93109815 A TW 93109815A TW I243799 B TWI243799 B TW I243799B
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alcohol compound Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940113120 dipropylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
- H01F1/14733—Fe-Ni based alloys in the form of particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
- Y10S977/775—Nanosized powder or flake, e.g. nanosized catalyst
- Y10S977/777—Metallic powder or flake
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
1243799 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明提供一種鎳粉以及製造方法,尤指一種非磁性鎳粉以及 製造方法。 【先前技術】 鎳(nickel)在元素週期表中係為過渡金屬(计ansηi〇rl metal) ’其隸屬於週期表中第八族(gr〇Up)第四週期(peri〇(j)之鐵 族,並為高熔點與極佳延展性的結晶物質。 鎳粉則係為一種顆粒狀的金屬鎳材,可應用於電子裝置中的内 部電極,例如作為積層陶瓷電容器(multilayer ceramic capacitors,MLCCs)、磁性材料、電接觸材料(eiectrical contact material)、導電膠材料(con(juctive adhesive material)、或催 化劑(catalyst)之用。 此外’鎳係為一種鐵磁性(ferromagnetic)物質,並以鐵磁性 而聞名。而鐵磁性物質係指在具有外加磁場的條件下,物質會有 強烈且持續的磁化作用,甚至當外加磁場被移除時,磁化作用仍 然存在。 當一個非磁性物質被放入一個逐漸增強的外加磁場内時,非磁 性物質首先會以緩慢的速率產生磁化作用,此即為所謂的初始磁 化現象(initial magnetization),隨後磁化作用的產生速率會加 快,並會發生飽和現象(saturation)。而若在飽和現象時,減少 外加磁場的強度,則磁化作用的速率會減弱。然而,其減弱時的 磁化作用方向與增強時的並不相同,形成磁滞環。此外,當外加 1243799 磁場減弱為零時,磁化作用並不會消失,此即為所謂的剩磁現象 (residual magnetization)。而若將外加磁場的方向反相 (reverse),並增加反相磁場的強度,則磁化作用會為停止並且磁 化作用的方向會被反相,此時,既使外加磁場的強度為零,磁化 作用也不為零並且反相殘餘的磁化作用仍存在,因此產生不通過 磁極的封閉的曲線,此即稱為磁化曲線(magnetization curve), 而且磁化曲線與磁區結構(magnetic domain structure)有著非常 密切的關係。 一般而言,磁矩(magnetic moment)係為引起磁化作用的因素 之一,其係由平行的電子自旋(spin)導致,而且通常鐵磁性物質 具有較大的磁矩,此外,鐵磁性物質通常具有平行的自旋團 (clusters of parallel spins)。當提供外加磁場時,磁區會依 磁場的方向排列。而當移除外加磁場時,磁區的方向會有一段長 時間維持不變,並因而產生殘磁性(residua 1 magnetization)。 以溫度而δ ’當鐵磁性物質的溫度上升時,電子會進行無秩序的 自旋熱運動。因此,鐵磁性物質會失去鐵磁性並轉變為順磁性 (paramagnetic)物質,此溫度稱為居禮溫度(curie temperature)。而讓磁通密度降到零所需要的反相磁場大小即稱 為矯頑磁力(coercive force)。 鎳塊(bulk nickel)之居里溫度約為353°C,飽和磁化 (saturation magnetization)性約為 〇·617 T,殘磁性約為 3〇〇 τ, 而矯頑磁力之大小約為239 A/m。 目前為止’錄的同素異形體(allotrope)可分為具有面心立方 (face-centered cubic,FCC)晶體結構的金屬錄與六方最密堆積 結構(hexagonal close packed,HCP)晶體結構的金屬錄。 1243799 一般而言,鎳粉係為面心立方晶體結構的鐵磁性物質,僅有 少數的鎳粉係為六方最密堆積結構晶體結構,因此,鎳粉被預測 認為一種鐵磁性物質。依據史東納理論(Stoner theory),D.A. Papaconstantopoulos等人預測六方最密堆積結構晶體結構的鎳 必為一種鐵磁性物質(請參閱D.A· Papaconstantopoulos,J.L· Fry,N. E. Brener, “Ferromagnetism in hexagonal close packed elements”,Physical Review B,Vol. 39,No· 4,1989· 2. 1, pp 2526-2528)。 如前所述,鎳粉最具代表性的應用係用以作為電子裝置中的 内部電極,然而習知的鎳粉卻有如下之缺點:首先,當以印刷法 形成含有鎳粉的電極糊(paste)並將電極糊鎳作為電子裝置中的 内部電極時,鎳粉會因具有磁性而彼此相互吸引而形成類似磁鐵 (magnet)和磁塊(aggl〇merated)之構造,進而難以形成均勻的電 極糊。其次,在超高頻寬時,磁性物質卻因具有高阻抗之缺點, 而難以應用在超高頻寬的行動通訊以及電腦科技等電子設備中。 【發明内容】 本發明係提供一種非磁性鎳粉以及製造方法,以解決上述之問 本發明係揭露-種非磁性鎳粉以及製造方法。該錄粉具有非磁 ί之特性以及六方最密堆積結構。該方法包含將面心立方晶體結 之錄粉溶於-有機溶劑,以製備—初始材料分散劑,以及加熱 最 ::材料:散劑:以使該面心立方晶體結構之鎳粉轉變為六方 於;2:才,鎳粉。該鎳粉並不呈現磁性凝聚現象,因此,用 维二電極的電極糊若摻有本發明之鎳粉,其電極糊可 持於良好的^狀態。同樣地,即使在高頻寬下,由本發明鎳
Claims (1)
1243799 案號:93109815 94年3月21日修正 拾、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種結晶性非磁性鎳粉,包括具有六方最密堆積晶體結構之 顆粒狀非磁性金屬鎳。 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其中該結晶 性非磁性錄粉之殘磁性(res i dua 1 magnet i zat i on)係小於等 於 2 emu/g 〇 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其中該結晶 性非磁性鎳粉之殘磁性係小於等於1 emu/g。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其令該結晶 性非磁性鎳粉之殘磁性係小於等於0. 2 emu/g。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其中該結晶 性非磁性鎳粉之飽和磁化性係小於等於20 emu/g。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其中該結晶 性非磁性鎳粉之飽和磁化性係小於等於10 emu/g。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其中該結晶 性非磁性錄粉之飽和磁化性係小於等於1 emu/g。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其中該結晶 性非磁性鎳粉之平均顆粒大小係介於30至80 nm。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之結晶性非磁性鎳粉,其中該結晶 性非磁性鎳粉之平均顆粒大小係介於30至300 nm。 17 1243799 案號:93109815 94年3月21日修正 10. —種製造六方最密堆積結構之非磁性鎳粉之方法,該方法包含 下列步驟: (a) 將面心立方晶體結構之鎳粉分散於一有機溶劑,以製 備一初始材料分散劑(starting material dispersion);以及 (b) 加熱該初始材料分散劑,以使該面心立方晶體結構之 鎳粉轉變為六方最密堆積結構之鎳粉。 11. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法,其中該有機溶劑係為二 醇類化合物(glycol based compound)。 12. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之方法,其中該醇類化合物係為 乙二醇(ethyleneglycol)、丙二醇(propyleneglycol)、雙乙 稀乙二醇(diethyleneglycol)、三乙烯乙二醇 (triethy 1 eneglycol)、二伸丙甘醇(dipropyleneglycol)、己 二醇(hexyleneglycol)、或丁二醇(butyleneglycol)。 13. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法,其中該步驟(b)係在150 至380°C之溫度範圍中進行。 14. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法,其中該步驟(b)的加熱溫 度範圍係較該有機溶劑之沸點高或低5°C之内。 15. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法,其中該步驟(b)的加熱溫 度範圍係用以使該初始材料之有機溶劑沸騰。 18
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2003-0022217A KR100537507B1 (ko) | 2003-04-09 | 2003-04-09 | 비자성 니켈 분말 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200420502A TW200420502A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
| TWI243799B true TWI243799B (en) | 2005-11-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| TW093109815A TWI243799B (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-08 | Non-magnetic nickel powders and method for preparing the same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7182801B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1469092B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3936706B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100537507B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1269600C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE602004001160T2 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI243799B (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7727303B2 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2010-06-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Non-magnetic nickel powders and method for preparing the same |
| JP4505633B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-06 | 2010-07-21 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | hcp構造のニッケル粉の製法 |
| KR100601961B1 (ko) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-07-14 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 습식 환원법에 의한 극미세 니켈 분말의 제조방법 |
| KR100845688B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-07-11 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 유기 용액을 이용한 니켈 나노 입자의 표면 처리 방법 |
| TWI440616B (zh) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-06-11 | Polytronics Technology Corp | 過電流保護元件 |
| JP6381992B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-27 | 2018-08-29 | ユニチカ株式会社 | ニッケルナノワイヤー分散液の製造方法 |
| JP7701684B2 (ja) * | 2021-02-09 | 2025-07-02 | 奥野製薬工業株式会社 | 無電解めっき用触媒液 |
| CN116589293B (zh) * | 2023-05-22 | 2025-01-10 | 广东工业大学 | 一种掺镍增强型氮化铝陶瓷及其制备方法 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2537898A1 (fr) * | 1982-12-21 | 1984-06-22 | Univ Paris | Procede de reduction de composes metalliques par les polyols, et poudres metalliques obtenues par ce procede |
| DE3513119A1 (de) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-10-23 | Peter Dr. 4000 Düsseldorf Faber | Verfahren zur herstellung hoeherwertiger nickeloxyde fuer elektrische akkumulatoren auf chemischem wege |
| DE3513132A1 (de) | 1985-04-12 | 1986-10-23 | Peter Dr. 4000 Düsseldorf Faber | Elektrochemisch aktive nickelmasse |
| US5759230A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1998-06-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Nanostructured metallic powders and films via an alcoholic solvent process |
| US6262129B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2001-07-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for producing nanoparticles of transition metals |
| KR100399716B1 (ko) | 2001-06-07 | 2003-09-29 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 니켈 미분말의 제조방법 |
| US6974492B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2005-12-13 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method for synthesis of metal nanoparticles |
| TWI243725B (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2005-11-21 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Method for preparing non-magnetic nickel powders |
| US20060090601A1 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2006-05-04 | Goia Dan V | Polyol-based method for producing ultra-fine nickel powders |
-
2003
- 2003-04-09 KR KR10-2003-0022217A patent/KR100537507B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-07 DE DE602004001160T patent/DE602004001160T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-07 EP EP04252080A patent/EP1469092B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-08 TW TW093109815A patent/TWI243799B/zh active
- 2004-04-08 US US10/819,917 patent/US7182801B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-09 JP JP2004115886A patent/JP3936706B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-09 CN CNB2004100430222A patent/CN1269600C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-03-31 US US11/393,691 patent/US7399336B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1550274A (zh) | 2004-12-01 |
| DE602004001160T2 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
| DE602004001160D1 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
| EP1469092B1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| KR100537507B1 (ko) | 2005-12-19 |
| US20060169372A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| JP2004308014A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
| US20040200319A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| JP3936706B2 (ja) | 2007-06-27 |
| KR20040088133A (ko) | 2004-10-16 |
| US7399336B2 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
| US7182801B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
| TW200420502A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
| EP1469092A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
| CN1269600C (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
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