「一1-242904- 五、發明說明（1) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種鋰電池電量平衡及充電方法，特 別是關於一種以最低點電壓伏特作為平衡基準水平，以使 串接鋰電池獲得最均勻充電狀態的充電方法。 【先前技術】 各種可攜式產品如呵攜式電視、電動工具、、攝影器材 、可攜式個人電腦等隨著人類電子工藝進步相應而生，而 動力電池是諸多電動產品唯一的動能來源，因此動力電池 的體積、重量、壽命長短與安全條件對電動產品的功能表 _更佔有舉足輕重的角色。 鋰電池具有體積小、重量輕與充/放電幾近百分百回 饋之優點，因此串聯的鋰電池將成為新的動力電池，但是 當鋰電池蕊過充時，將使得鋰電池内部產生鋰金屬與氣體 而發生爆炸；過放時，則使得鋰電池的性能快速衰退。因 此現今往往採用當一串接之數個鋰電池組其中一個電池到 達預定電壓上限即停止充電的方式，以防止過充爆炸的危 險，及其中一個電池到達電壓下限即停止放電的方式，以 防止過放鋰電池的性能快速衰退。但是這樣的充放電方式 ，將使鋰電池組内各電池的差異性，在反覆循環之下，持 #不斷的累積，使得串接鋰電I池的整體荷電能力快速下降 ο . . · . .·、 “ · ·’- 因此，本發明提供一種鋰電池電量平衡及充電方法來 解決前述之缺失。 【發明内容】 '"一 1-242904- V. Description of the invention (1) [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a method for balancing and charging a lithium battery, and in particular, to a method that uses the lowest point voltage volts as the reference level for the balance so that Charging method for connecting lithium batteries in series to obtain the most even state of charge. [Previous technology] Various portable products such as portable TVs, power tools, photographic equipment, portable personal computers, etc. have emerged in response to the advancement of human electronics. Power batteries are the only source of kinetic energy for many electric products. Therefore, the size, weight, length of life, and safety conditions of power batteries play an important role in the function table of electric products. Lithium batteries have a small size, light weight and charge / The advantage of nearly 100% discharge is discharged, so the lithium battery connected in series will become a new power battery, but when the lithium battery core is overcharged, it will cause lithium metal and gas inside the lithium battery to explode; when it is over discharged, then As a result, the performance of lithium batteries is rapidly degraded. Therefore, it is often used as one of several lithium battery packs connected in series. The battery stops charging when it reaches the upper limit of the predetermined voltage to prevent the danger of overcharging and explosion, and stops discharging when one of the batteries reaches the lower limit of the voltage to prevent the rapid degradation of the performance of the over-discharge lithium battery. Will make the difference of each battery in the lithium battery pack, under repeated cycles, keep ## accumulation, making the overall charging capacity of the lithium battery connected in series rapidly decline ο.... The present invention provides a method for balancing and charging a lithium battery to solve the foregoing defects. [Summary of the invention] ''
第5頁 五 本發明之主要目的，在於提供一種鋰電池電量平衡方 法，其採用低點放電平衡的方式使鋰電池組中任一鋰電池 彼此間的電量差異性最小，而得到最佳的電量平衡效果， 使串接的鋰電池能夠保有最佳的蓄電能力。 本發明之另一目的，在於提供一種鋰電池電量平衡方 法，其能夠有效率的讓串接鋰電池組·中的每一鋰電池處-於 平衡狀態，有效降低串接鋰電池組在組裝前所需充電、偵 測、放電的蒒選成本。 本發明之再一目的，在於提供一種鋰電池電量平衡及 鲁電方法，其能夠有效地延長串接鋰電池組的循環使用壽 命i避免習知串接鋰電池會因各電池差異性隨時間不斷的 累積，而導致整體蓄電效能快速降低的缺失，進而有效的 達到利用與節省資源的環保觀念。 本發明之一實施態樣為提供一種鋰電池電量平衡的方 法，在各個鋰電池串併成鋰電池組前或串併成鋰電池組後 時對各個鋰電池進行放電，以使每一鋰電池電壓皆為最低 電壓伏特，達到每一電池的電量都相同及歸零。 本發明之另一實施態樣為提供一種鋰電池電量平衡及 充電方法，其係先監測要串接或巳串接的各個鋰電池的電 ®或電量的差異，當任兩個鋰電池電位或電量差異超過某 一特定值時，採取將要串接或巳串接之鋰電池同步放電至 最低電壓，使各電池電量相同歸零後，再繼續串接充電方 式，藉由進行偵測、放電與充電步驟使串接鋰電池組中各 電池達到蓄電量平衡。 -The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for balancing the lithium battery capacity, which uses a low-point discharge balancing method to minimize the difference in the quantity of electricity between any lithium batteries in the lithium battery pack and obtain the optimal quantity of electricity. The balance effect enables the lithium batteries connected in series to maintain the best power storage capacity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery charge balancing method, which can efficiently put each lithium battery in a series connected lithium battery in a balanced state, effectively reducing the number of lithium batteries connected in series before assembly. Selection cost for charging, detecting and discharging. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery charge balance and power-off method, which can effectively extend the cycle life of a series connected lithium battery pack. Accumulation, resulting in the lack of rapid decline in overall power storage efficiency, and thus effectively achieve the environmental protection concept of utilization and resource conservation. One embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for balancing the lithium battery capacity. Each lithium battery is discharged before the lithium batteries are connected in series or after the lithium batteries are connected in series, so that each lithium battery is discharged. The voltages are all the lowest voltage volts, so that the power of each battery is the same and returns to zero. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery charge balance and charging method. The method first monitors the difference in electricity or charge of each lithium battery to be connected or connected in series. When the power difference exceeds a certain value, the lithium batteries to be connected or connected in series are synchronously discharged to the lowest voltage, so that the battery power is equal to zero, and then the serial charging method is continued. By detecting, discharging and The charging step enables the batteries in the series connected lithium battery pack to reach a power storage balance. -
「1242904_ 五、發明說明（3) 茲為使 貴審查委員對本發明之結構特徵及所達成之 功效更有進一步之瞭解與認識，謹佐以較佳之實施例圖及 配合詳細之說明，說明如後。 【實施方式】 本發明係提供一種鋰電池電量平衡及充電方法，其係 透過低點放電的方式，使串接之每一鋰電1也達^到電量平衡 ，以減少充、放電反覆循環之下，各鋰電池間所持續不斷 累積的差異。 對一串接之鋰電池組進行充、放電時，因各個鋰電池 籲生產誤差，將導致於充、放電時，產生電池的蓄電量差 異性。而此差異性，在充、放電反覆循環之下，將持續不 斷的累積，造成整組串接鋰電池蓄電量隨著使用次數增加 越來越少。本發明即針對此一問題藉由一如第一圖所示之 可偵測電壓/平衡電壓/控制電流之電路裝置1，對串接之 鋰電池進行充/放電與平衡監控，該可偵測電壓/平衡電壓 /控制電流之電路裝置1包括一中央處理器1 2、一平衡控制 電路1 4、一電壓檢測電路1 6與一電流控制電路1 8相連接， 中央處理器1 2與平衡控制電路1 4、電壓檢測電路1 6與電流 ^制電路1 8相連接，用以控制各元件間的運作，來對鋰電 冒組中的每一個·鋰電池進行監控，當鋰電池組中任雨個~魏 電池電壓差異超過一臨界值時（此一臨界值可依所“須精確 度而設定，一般係選擇0 . 0 5〜0 . 5伏件，或為電池0 · 1〜2 0 % 的蓄電量），即對該鋰電池組進行低點放電歸零平衡的步 驟，以使每個鋰電池的電壓下降至最低電壓，接-續再對該"1242904_ V. Description of the invention (3) In order to make your reviewing members have a better understanding and understanding of the structural features and achieved effects of the present invention, I would like to accompany the preferred embodiment diagram and the detailed description, as explained below [Embodiment] The present invention provides a lithium battery charge balance and charging method, which uses a low-point discharge method so that each lithium battery 1 connected in series also reaches the charge balance to reduce the cycle of repeated charge and discharge cycles. The continuous accumulated differences between lithium batteries. When charging and discharging a series of connected lithium battery packs, due to the production error of each lithium battery, it will cause the difference in battery storage capacity during charging and discharging. And this difference, under repeated cycles of charge and discharge, will continue to accumulate, causing the entire group of series connected lithium batteries to store less and less electricity as the number of uses increases. The present invention addresses this problem by The circuit device 1 capable of detecting voltage / balanced voltage / control current shown in the first figure performs charge / discharge and balance monitoring of the lithium battery connected in series. The voltage / control current circuit device 1 includes a central processing unit 1, 2, a balance control circuit 1, 4, a voltage detection circuit 16, and a current control circuit 18, and the central processing unit 12 and the balance control circuit 1 4 The voltage detection circuit 16 and the current control circuit 18 are connected to control the operation of each component to monitor each lithium battery in the lithium battery pack. When the battery voltage difference exceeds a critical value (this critical value can be set according to the required accuracy, generally 0. 5 to 0.5 volts, or 0. 1 to 2 0% of the battery's stored power ), That is, the step of performing low-point discharge to zero balance on the lithium battery pack, so that the voltage of each lithium battery drops to the lowest voltage, and then-
r~K42904- 五、發明說明（4) 鋰電池組進行充電，以防止電量不平衡的情況發生。而該 偵測電壓/平衡電壓/控制電流之電路裝置1可與一般鋰電 池所裝設之保護板結合。 請參閱第二圖，其係本發明之鋰電池平衡基準之放電 曲線圖，於此圖中係一飽和電壓為4. 2伏特，最低電壓為 2 · 8伏特之鋰電池於1 C、0 . 5 C與0 . 2 C電流流速下的放電曲 線圖。以下係針對本發明為何選定以最低電壓來作放電平 衡來進行說明。首先，先澄明，現今於偵測每一鋰電池電 壓狀態時，儘管是如合精密之量測儀器，誤差值的產生是 φ測過程中無法避免，因此，如何選定於一最小誤差範圍 下之基準點作為進行偵測電壓平衡基準，為一相當重要的 課題，此一基準點不僅可以有效地獲得較精準的鋰電池組 電量狀態，更能夠有效的減少需要反覆平衡步驟的次數。 舉一範例來說，請參閱第二圖，鋰電池的放電曲線通常可 以區分為二個部分，該二個部分分別為為圖中標不為a之 平台區域，b之電壓快速下降區域及a與b交界之膝蓋部 (knee)，當選定之放電電壓基準點為圖形中斜率較小之 平台區域（見第二圖中標示a的區段）之電壓中任何一點 ，如3. 7伏特與圖中斜率較大之電壓快速下降區域（見第 費_中標示b的區段）之電量中任何一點，如3. ·2伏特時， 並且摘測的誤差範圍為△ V時，可發現在3. 7± △ V與3. 2± △ / 下，3. 7± △ V伏特，所偵測的電池容量差異顯著的大於3. 2 土 △ V，因此可得知最低電壓之3. 2為較佳的放電電壓偵測基 準點，所以可推之最佳的放電電量基準點須選自電壓快速r ~ K42904- V. Description of the invention (4) The lithium battery pack is charged to prevent the imbalance of electricity. The circuit device 1 for detecting the voltage / balanced voltage / control current can be combined with a protection board installed in a general lithium battery. Please refer to the second figure, which is the discharge curve of the lithium battery balance benchmark of the present invention. In this figure, a lithium battery with a saturation voltage of 4.2 volts and a minimum voltage of 2. 8 volts at 1 C, 0. Discharge curves at 5 C and 0.2 C current flow rates. The following is a description of why the present invention selects the lowest voltage for discharge balance. First of all, first clarify that when detecting the voltage status of each lithium battery, although it is a precision measuring instrument, the error value is unavoidable in the process of φ measurement. Therefore, how to choose a value within a minimum error range The reference point as a reference for detecting the voltage balance is a very important issue. This reference point can not only effectively obtain a more accurate state of charge of the lithium battery pack, but also effectively reduce the number of repeated balancing steps. As an example, please refer to the second figure. The discharge curve of a lithium battery can usually be divided into two parts. The two parts are the platform area that is not marked a in the figure, the rapid voltage drop area of b, and a and B junction knee (knee), when the selected reference point of discharge voltage is the voltage in the platform area of the lower slope of the graph (see the section marked a in the second figure) at any point, such as 3.7 volts and the figure Any point in the amount of electricity in the area where the voltage of the steep slope decreases rapidly (see the section labeled b in the fee section), such as 3. · 2 volts, and when the error range of the test is △ V, it can be found at 3. 7 ± △ V and 3.2 ± △ / down, 3. 7 ± △ V volts, the detected battery capacity difference is significantly greater than 3.2 2 △ V, so we can know that the minimum voltage of 3.2 is more than The best discharge voltage detection reference point, so the best discharge power reference point can be selected from the fast voltage
r—1242904_ 五、發明說明（5) 下降區域之電量其中之一。 請參閱第三圖，其係當利用本發明來對串接鋰電池組 進行歸零平衡的充電步驟流程示意圖，首先如步驟S 1，於 充電前先利用該可偵測電壓/平衡電壓/控制電流之電路裝 置1對串接之鋰電池組進行各個電壓偵測比對，再如步驟 S 2，判撕此時串接鋰電池彼此間電壓差異是否超過一臨界 值，若無超過臨界值，則如步驟S4所述，該組串接之各個 鋰電池彼此間係處於良好平衡狀態，因此，可直接對該電 池組進行充電，直到有一電池電壓達到最大值為止，其中 春充電的過程係可採間歇充電的方式；若超過該臨界值時 ，係如步驟S3所示，係透過如第一圖所示之可偵測電壓/ 平衡電壓/控制電流之電路裝置1對串接之鋰電池進行放電 至每一鋰電池皆為最低電壓，如3. 0伏特，再對該組串接 之鋰電池進行充電，直到有一電池電壓達到最大值為止， 此時串接鋰電池内電力最差之鋰電池與電力最佳之鋰電池 將達到荷電量平衡，也就是鋰電池組將趨向平衡，該串接 電池内每一鋰電池基本上蓄電量達到相同，而獲得最佳的 充電狀態，進而解決習知將因串接中鋰電池組内鋰電池差 ^性的持續的累積，而被強制終止充、放電，進而使得整 y串接鋰電池蓄電量大為降低的情況·發生，大幅度降低鋰 電池因蓄電量不佳汰舊的機會。 更者，因為本發明所使用的偵測之電壓值為最低電壓 伏特，此時已降至最低電壓的串接電池組中的每一鋰電池 彼此間電量差異降最少，也就是說幾乎所有鋰電池之電量r—1242904_ V. Description of the invention (5) One of the electricity in the falling area. Please refer to the third figure, which is a schematic flow diagram of the charging step when the present invention is used to perform zero-balance balancing on a serially connected lithium battery pack. First, as in step S1, use the detectable voltage / balanced voltage / control before charging. The current circuit device 1 performs various voltage detection comparisons on the lithium batteries connected in series, and then according to step S2, it is judged whether the voltage difference between the lithium batteries connected in series at this time exceeds a critical value. If it does not exceed the critical value, Then, as described in step S4, the lithium batteries connected in series are in a well-balanced state with each other. Therefore, the battery pack can be directly charged until a battery voltage reaches a maximum value, in which the charging process in spring can be performed. Intermittent charging is adopted; if the threshold value is exceeded, as shown in step S3, the series-connected lithium battery is detected through the circuit device 1 that can detect voltage / balance voltage / control current as shown in the first figure. Discharge until each lithium battery has the lowest voltage, such as 3.0 volts, and then charge the lithium batteries connected in series until one of the battery voltages reaches the maximum value. The worst lithium battery and the best power lithium battery will reach a charge balance, that is, the lithium battery pack will tend to balance, and each lithium battery in the tandem battery basically has the same storage capacity, and obtains the best state of charge. In order to solve the situation, it is known that the charge and discharge will be forcibly terminated due to the continuous accumulation of poor lithium batteries in the lithium batteries connected in series, which will greatly reduce the storage capacity of the lithium batteries connected in series. Significantly reduce the chance of lithium batteries eliminating old due to poor storage capacity. Furthermore, because the detected voltage value used in the present invention is the lowest voltage volt, each lithium battery in the tandem battery pack that has dropped to the lowest voltage at this time has the smallest difference in power between each other, that is, almost all lithium batteries Pool of electricity
1242904_ 五、發明說明（6) 皆位於零基準點，因此能夠有效的減少串接鋰電池組趨向 電壓平衡時所需要的反覆充電、偵測、放電的循環步驟次 數，進一步達到節省鋰電池在組裝前所需充電、偵測、放 電的篩選成本，有效的達到資源節省，與增進使用上的便 利。 本發明-之鋰電池電量平衡及充電方法也可選定在一串 接鋰電池經過一段使用時間或者一定使用次數後進行或者 在串接前先對各個鋰電池做平衡，然後再串接充電，來消 除鋰電池組内各個鋰電池已累積的差異。 # 再者，本發明可於該可偵測電壓/平衡電壓/控制電流 之電路裝置上裝設一具多彩之LED，以使當對串接電池組 進行充電、偵測、放電等不同步驟時，使用者可以藉由 LED所呈現的色彩判斷出目前該串接電池組所進行的步驟 為何，並直接由色彩目測即可得知是否該串接電池組已經 平衡完畢。 綜上所述，本發明之鋰電池電量平衡及充電方法，其 係以電壓快速下降區域之電壓伏特為放電偵測基準，以將 鋰電池組間個別電池間電容量差異降至最低，以最少的充 $、偵測、放電的循環步驟次數，來獲得最佳的鋰電池間 ，衡效果。 以上所述者、，僅為本發明一較佳實施例而已，並非用 來限定本發明實施之範圍，故舉凡依本發明申請專利範圍 所述之形狀、構造、特徵及精神.所為之均等變化與修飾， 均應包括於本發明之申請專利範圍内。 ~1242904_ V. Description of the invention (6) are all located at the zero reference point, so it can effectively reduce the number of repeated charging, detecting, and discharging cycle steps required when the lithium battery pack is connected to the voltage balance, and further save the lithium battery during assembly The screening cost of charging, detection and discharge required before can effectively save resources and increase convenience. The lithium battery capacity balance and charging method of the present invention can also be selected after a series of lithium batteries are used for a certain period of time or after a certain number of uses, or each lithium battery is balanced before being connected in series, and then charged in series Eliminate the accumulated differences of each lithium battery in the lithium battery pack. # Furthermore, the present invention can install a colorful LED on the circuit device that can detect voltage / balance voltage / control current, so that when different steps such as charging, detecting, and discharging are connected to the battery pack in series , The user can judge the current steps of the connected battery pack by the colors presented by the LED, and can directly know whether the connected battery pack is balanced by visual inspection of the color directly. To sum up, the lithium battery charge balancing and charging method of the present invention uses the voltage volts in the area of rapid voltage drop as the discharge detection reference to minimize the difference in capacitance between individual batteries between lithium battery packs and minimize The number of cycle steps of charge, detection, and discharge to achieve the best balance between lithium batteries. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Therefore, the shapes, structures, features, and spirits described in accordance with the scope of the patent application for the present invention are equally changed. And modifications should be included in the scope of patent application of the present invention. ~
第10頁 -4S4-2904- 圖式簡單說明 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為可偵測電壓/平衡電壓/控制電流之電路方塊圖。 第二圖係本發明之鋰電池平衡基準之放電曲線圖。 第三圖為本發明一串接鋰電池進行充電歸零平衡時之步驟 流程圖。 主要元件符號說明】 1電路裝置 12中央處理器 1 4平衡控制電路 _B電壓檢測電路 1 8電流控制電路Page 10 -4S4-2904- Schematic description [Schematic description] The first diagram is a block diagram of a circuit that can detect voltage / balance voltage / control current. The second figure is a discharge curve diagram of the lithium battery balance reference of the present invention. The third figure is a flowchart of the steps when a lithium battery is connected in series to charge to zero balance. Explanation of main component symbols] 1 Circuit device 12 Central processing unit 1 4 Balance control circuit _B Voltage detection circuit 1 8 Current control circuit