1238601 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係為一種應用於逆流器的脈寬控制器，尤指一種供 力率電路使用並且具有電路異常檢知功能的脈寬控制器。 【先前技術】 、,」吏用直流電源的電器產品，通常在電源電源中會設計有一 =机益以因應不同電器產品的額定功率值，目前常見的逆流 器係可供小瓦特功率（# 150W以下）、中瓦特功率（約 隱及大瓦特功率（謂以上）使用之，其主要技術 :如第二圖所示’其為一般逆流器的電路方塊圖，包含有二脈 路=、(5〇)、-升壓電路(51)、-輸出控制全橋電 0) 及—保護電路（5 3) ’其中第-脈寬控制器（5 出端係連接至該升壓電路（51)，以控制該升壓電 輸出電壓值’而該輸出控制全橋電路（52)則 (51)輸出電源配合另-脈寬控制器（5 〇) ==源後輸出，又該保護㈣（53)的輸入端係連 月載戈二广王橋電路（5 2 )，用以檢測輪出電源是否有 過載或短路狀態，而該保 ^ 至兩脈寬控制哭（5〇) : (53)的輸出端係分別連接 …，二 控制端，故可在檢知有過載或短路 才卩工制兩脈寬控制器無輸出脈調 載或短路異常狀況發生。 “。喊，直到無過 由於逆流器大多設計與蓄電池連接，以 壓後提供予負載使用，池的電力升 高、低電星伴SI _電路（53)係至少包含有 -电土你5隻電路、溫虏 沒保瘦电路荨。其中該保護電路（5 3 1238601 3 )係與該脈寬控制器（5 η、u t 市“（5 〇 )連接，以控制該脈寬控 0)的作動，令脈寬控制器（50) /r_- 在畜^池輸出異常高壓哎 低壓時，停止驅動升壓電路（5 2 ) 一飞 1 ^以碩，忍負载用電的安全。1238601 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is a pulse width controller applied to a countercurrent device, especially a pulse width controller for a power rate circuit and having a circuit abnormality detection function. [Previous technology], "" Electric appliances using DC power supplies are usually designed with a power supply in order to respond to the rated power of different electrical products. At present, common inverters are available for small watts of power (# 150W Below), medium watt power (approximately and large watt power (above)), its main technology: as shown in the second figure 'It is a circuit block diagram of a general inverter, including two pulses =, (5 〇),-boost circuit (51),-output control full bridge circuit 0) and-protection circuit (5 3) 'where the-pulse width controller (5 output end is connected to the boost circuit (51), In order to control the boosted electric output voltage value, and the output controls the full-bridge circuit (52), (51) the output power cooperates with another-pulse width controller (50) == the output after the source, and the protection (53) The input terminal is connected to the Yuezai Guangguang Wangqiao circuit (5 2), which is used to detect whether the power output is overloaded or short-circuited, and the protection to the two pulse width control (5〇): (53) The output terminals are connected to…, two control terminals, so the two-pulse width control of the industrial system can be performed only when an overload or short circuit is detected. No output pulse load or short-circuit abnormal situation occurred. ". Shout until no more. Because the inverter is mostly designed to be connected to the battery and supplied to the load after compression, the power of the pool will rise, and the low power satellite will accompany SI _ circuit (53 ) The system contains at least-5 circuits of the electric soil, and the thin circuit circuit is not protected. The protection circuit (5 3 1238601 3) is connected to the pulse width controller (5 η, ut city "(50)). In order to control the operation of the pulse width control 0), the pulse width controller (50) / r_- stops driving the booster circuit (5 2) when the output of the animal pond is abnormally high and low, 1 ^ 1 Endure the safety of load electricity.
請再配合參閱第四圖所示，係為上述該脈寬控制器 的内部電路圖，其主要包含有： J 一振盡器（5〇1)，择主i^ ^ _ 係主要為一電阻電容振盪器，係依 照電阻态及電容器的數值不同，產 產生不同頻率的三角振盪信 ， :第-摘錯放大器（502)，係連接一穩定直流電屢， 作為设定脈寬的最大值及滞定時間； -第二摘錯放大器（5 〇 3 )，係通常會配合—檢知電阻， =參考電壓比較’纟目的為控制脈波寬度，其—輸人端係與保 濩電路（53)的輸出端連接； 一邏輯運算單元（5 0 4 )，其輸入端係分別與前揭三元 件的輸出端連接，在作邏輯運算後以輸出脈寬調變信號；及 ^组電子開關（5 0 5 ) ( 5 〇6)，係分別連接該邏輯 异早兀（5 〇 4 )的脈寬調變信號輸出端，以輸出可調 寬度信號。 口月配口茶閱第五圖A所示’係為上述脈寬控制器（5 〇 ) 、抆制波形圖，該脈寬控制器的脈寬調變信號主要是由振盪器 〇 1 )輸出的振盪信號與第一、第二偵錯放大器（5 〇 2) ^ 5二3 )的輸出信號比較，當控制信號的電壓值下降時，則 〆寬才工制$ ( 5 〇 )的脈寬會予以調寬，以提供足夠的電壓 、中.亥脈寬控制為（5 〇 )各點詳細信號波形 B所示。 $ 口 1238601 請參閱第六圖所示，係為係為上述高'低電壓及溫度保護 電路（5 3 )的其中二種可能實施例，即主要由一運算放大器 (5 3 1 )組成的一比較器，而比較器的信號輸入端係連接至 一分壓電4( 5 3 2 )，該分壓電路（5 3 2 )可與蓄電池輸 出端連接，或是包含有一熱敏電阻以檢知目前溫度，經過比較 器與一參考輪入端（Vref)比較後，即可將過高或過低電壓或 過溫的狀態反應予該脈寬控制器（5 〇 )，控制該脈寬控制器 (5 0 )如止輸出脈寬調變信號。若此—脈寬控制器（$ 〇 ) 組成的逆流器應用在大功率或中功率電路，當且電路加入一負 載時’則其實際加載前後的輸丨波形變化正如第七圖A、精 示’其中第七圖A係為該逆流器尚未連接負載的輸出波形，由 圖中可知’幾乎沒有脈寬調變波形輸出，㈣七㈣則是該逆 流器連接有一負載的輸出波形圖’由圖十可知，當負載接上時， 該逆流器的脈寬控制器（5 〇 )會比較出電壓降低的變化，而 控制輸出脈波寬度較大的脈波信號。 經前述說明可知，逆流器中脈寬控制器與保護電路為必要 的電路單元，但卻因為脈寬控制器與保護電路為兩個獨立電 路’而增加逆流器的複雜度，再者，對於小功率逆流器來說， 脈寬控制器的輸出脈寬通常被設定為最大’故其中的:錯放大 器並不會再被用來設計成調整脈寬寬度的電路，是以，、^設定 小功率逆流器時，可充份利用該脈寬控制器内的元件。 【發明内容】 $此，本發明的主要目的係、提供—種供小功率逆流器使用 的脈寬控制器，該脈寬控制器係兼具有檢知電路異常狀態的功 能，係依照異常狀態調整輸出或停止脈波信號輪出。 1238601 欲達上述目的所使用之主要技術手段係令該脈寬控制器主 要包含有： 一振盪器’係用以輸出一振盪信號； 至少一保護電路，係由一比較器及分壓器組成，該分壓器 係連接至S玄比#父盗的輸入端，而比較器另一輪入端則連接—^ 考電壓； < ^ 一邏輯運算單元，係接收前揭三元件的輪出信號，並經運 异後輸出脈寬調變信號；及 一組電子開關，係分別連接至該邏輯運算單元的輪出端， 以控制可調脈波寬度信號的輸出； -般脈寬控制器内設的偵錯放大器同樣由運算放大器所組 成’故本發明係利用該其中_組4貞錯放大器的運算放大器予 :設計為-保護電路，令本發明的脈寬控制器即具有電路異常 檢知功能’而當應用在逆流器時，毋需額外設計保護電路，如 此’該逆流器可簡化並且減少電子元件的使用，有助於成本的 本舍明另一日的係提供一鍤 ,^ 1 種具有快速進入保護狀態功倉丨 脈見控制器，由於本發明的你 )保瘦電路係直接使用該脈寬控希 内部放大器，故相較於既有 .,οσ ^ ’之门樣具设計有保護電路的脈笼 制為來說，本發明因為簡省 啤 ^ 1 ’季乂夕兀件，而具有快速反應異常 號’進入保護狀態的功效。 【實施方式】 首先請參閱第一圖所示， ^ 係為本發明的一較佳實施例的電 路圖，其包含有 一振盪器（1 〇 ) 係用以輸出一振盪信號，該振盪器可 6 1238601 為一 R C振盪器，以輸出三角振盪信號； 至少一保護電路（1 1 )，各保護電路（1 1 )係由係由 一比較器（1 1 1 )及一分壓器（1 1 2 )組成，該分壓器（1 1 2 )係連接至該比較器（1 1 1 )的輸入端，而比較器（1 1 1 )另一輪入端則連接一參考電壓（Vref); 一邏輯運算單元（1 3 )，其輸入端係分別連接至該振盪 器（1 0 )及保護電路（1 1 )的輸出端，以接收其輸出信號， 該邏輯運算單元（1 3 )係以振盪器（1 〇 )及保護電路（1 1 )的輸出信號決定是否輸出脈寬調變信號；及 一組電子開關（1 4 ) ( 1 5 )，係分別連接至該邏輯運 异單7L ( 1 3 )的脈寬調變信號輸出端，以控制可調脈波寬度 "ί吕號的輸出。 4配合芩閱第二圖所示，係為本發明的另一較佳實施例， 其與上述電路大多相同，惟，包含有二組保護電路，該兩組保 護:路（1 1 ) ( 1 2 )的分壓器（i i 2 ) ( 1 2 2 )可依 照核=特定電路異常狀態而改變。其中第一組保護電路（1 1 ) 的刀[益（112)係由二個電阻器（R3)(R4)所組成， 其甲。亥刀壓益（1 1 2 )係連接至直流電源輸入端（Vcc)， 以反應直流電源的電壓變化’而具有過壓或低壓保護功能。而 另-保護電路（12)的分壓器（112)則是由一電阻器（r 2)及-熱敏電阻器（R1)所組成，其中熱敏電阻（ri) 會隨著週遭的溫度變化而改變其電阻值，{以該比較器（丄2 1)會得知目前溫度’而決定是否控制調變信號是否輸出，是 以’该保護電路（1 2 )具有過溫保護功能。 由上述說明可知，一般脈寬控制器内設的偵錯放大器同樣 7 1238601 由運算放大器所組成，故本發明係利用其中偵錯放大器的運算 放大器設計為一保護電路，令本發明的脈寬控制器即具有電路 異常檢知功能，而當應用在逆流器時，毋需額外設計保護電路， 如此，該逆流器可簡化並且減少電子元件的使用，有助於成本 的下降，·又，如此一來，本發明會因為簡省較多元件，有效縮 短信號延遲時間，而具有快速反應異常信號，進入保護狀態的 功效。 由上述說明可本#明確實提供一具有檢知電路異常狀 態功能的脈寬控制器，在不變更習用逆流器電路功能的前提 下 度 —本發明應用在逆流器電路上’可有效簡化整體電路的複雜 並減少電子元件的使用。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：係本發明一較佳實施例的電路圖。 第二圖·係本發明另一較佳實施例的電路圖。 第二圖·係習用逆流器的電路圖。 第四圖：係習用脈寬控制器的電路圖。 第五圖A :係習用逆流器的控制信號波形圖。 第五圖B :係第四圖内複數節點的信號波形圖。 第六圖：係第三圖逆流器之保護電路的詳細電路圖。 第七圖A、B :係第三圖連接與未連接負載的輸出脈波信 號波形圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (10)振盪為、 （11)保護電路 (1 1 1 )比較器 （1 1 2 )分壓器 (1 2 )保護電路 （1 2 1 )比較器 8 1238601 (122)分壓器 （13)邏輯運算單元 (1 4 )電子開關 （1 5 )電子開關 (5 0 )脈寬控制器 （5 0 1 )振盪器 (5 0 2 )第一偵錯放大器 (503)第二偵錯放大器 (5 0 4 )邏輯運算單元 ( 5 0 5 ) ( 5 0 6 )電子開關 (5 1 )升壓電路 （5 2 )全橋電路 (5 3 )保護電路 （5 3 1 )運算放大器 (5 3 2 )分壓器 9Please refer to the fourth figure for cooperation. It is the internal circuit diagram of the pulse width controller mentioned above. It mainly includes: J a complete oscillator (5〇1), the main i ^ ^ _ is mainly a resistance capacitor The oscillator generates triangular oscillation signals of different frequencies according to different resistance states and capacitor values. The first-error amplifier (502) is connected to a stable DC power supply for setting the maximum pulse width and hysteresis. Time;-the second error pick-up amplifier (503), which usually cooperates with-sense resistor, = reference voltage comparison, the purpose of which is to control the pulse width, which-the input terminal and the protection circuit (53) The output terminal is connected; a logic operation unit (504) whose input terminals are respectively connected with the output terminals of the front three components, and output a pulse width modulation signal after performing a logic operation; and a group of electronic switches (50) 5) (5 06), which are respectively connected to the pulse width modulation signal output terminals of the logic different early (5 04) to output an adjustable width signal. The mouth and month with mouth tea is shown in the fifth figure A. 'It is the above-mentioned pulse width controller (50), the waveform waveform, the pulse width modulation signal of the pulse width controller is mainly output by the oscillator 01) The oscillation signal is compared with the output signal of the first and second error detection amplifiers (50 2) ^ 5 2 3). When the voltage value of the control signal decreases, the pulse width of the system is $ (50). The width will be adjusted to provide sufficient voltage, and the pulse width control in mid-Haihai is (50) detailed signal waveform B shown at each point. $ 口 1238601 Please refer to the sixth figure, which is one of the two possible embodiments of the above-mentioned high'low voltage and temperature protection circuit (5 3), that is, a circuit consisting mainly of an operational amplifier (5 3 1). The comparator, and the signal input terminal of the comparator is connected to a voltage divider 4 (5 3 2), the voltage divider circuit (5 3 2) can be connected to the battery output, or it contains a thermistor to detect Knowing the current temperature, after comparing the comparator with a reference wheel input terminal (Vref), the state of over-high or under-voltage or over-temperature can be reflected to the pulse width controller (50) to control the pulse width control The controller (50) outputs the pulse width modulation signal as it stops. If this—the pulse width controller ($ 〇) is used in a high-power or medium-power circuit, when the circuit is added with a load, then the output waveform changes before and after the actual load are as shown in Figure 7A 'The seventh picture A is the output waveform of the inverter without a load connected. It can be seen from the figure that' there is almost no pulse width modulation waveform output, and the seven is the output waveform diagram of the inverter with a load connected '. It can be seen that when the load is connected, the pulse width controller (50) of the inverter will compare the change in voltage reduction, and control the output of a pulse wave signal with a larger pulse width. It can be known from the foregoing description that the pulse width controller and the protection circuit in the inverter are necessary circuit units, but the complexity of the inverter is increased because the pulse width controller and the protection circuit are two independent circuits. Furthermore, for small For power inverters, the output pulse width of the pulse width controller is usually set to the maximum. Therefore, the wrong amplifier will not be used to design a circuit to adjust the pulse width. Therefore, set the low power In the case of a counter current, the components in the pulse width controller can be fully utilized. [Summary of the Invention] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a pulse width controller for a low-power countercurrent device. The pulse width controller also has a function of detecting an abnormal state of a circuit, and is based on the abnormal state. Adjust the output or stop the pulse signal rotation. 1238601 The main technical means used to achieve the above purpose is to make the pulse width controller mainly include: An oscillator 'is used to output an oscillating signal; at least one protection circuit is composed of a comparator and a voltage divider. The voltage divider is connected to the input terminal of S 玄 比 #, and the other round-in terminal of the comparator is connected to the ^ test voltage; < ^ a logic operation unit, which receives the round-out signal of the three components before the exposing, And output pulse width modulation signal after different operation; and a set of electronic switches, which are respectively connected to the round end of the logic operation unit to control the output of the adjustable pulse width signal; The error-detecting amplifier is also composed of an operational amplifier. Therefore, the present invention uses the operational amplifier of the 4-group error amplifier: designed as a protection circuit, so that the pulse width controller of the present invention has a circuit abnormality detection function. 'And when it is applied to the inverter, there is no need to design additional protection circuits, so' the inverter can simplify and reduce the use of electronic components, which helps the cost of the next day's system to provide a package, ^ 1 It has the function of quickly entering the protection state. The pulse sees the controller. Thanks to the invention, the thin circuit is directly used by the pulse width control Greek internal amplifier, so compared to the existing gate sample design. In the case of a pulse cage system with a protection circuit, the present invention has the effect of quickly responding to the abnormal number to enter the protection state because of the simple province beer ^ 1 'season eve ware. [Embodiment] First, please refer to the first figure, which is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes an oscillator (10) for outputting an oscillating signal. The oscillator can be 6 1238601 It is an RC oscillator to output a triangular oscillation signal; at least one protection circuit (1 1), each protection circuit (1 1) is composed of a comparator (1 1 1) and a voltage divider (1 1 2) Composition, the voltage divider (1 1 2) is connected to the input terminal of the comparator (1 1 1), and the other round-in terminal of the comparator (1 1 1) is connected to a reference voltage (Vref); a logic operation The input unit of the unit (1 3) is respectively connected to the output of the oscillator (1 0) and the protection circuit (1 1) to receive its output signal, and the logic operation unit (1 3) is based on an oscillator ( 1 〇) and the output signal of the protection circuit (1 1) determine whether to output a pulse width modulation signal; and a set of electronic switches (1 4) (1 5), which are respectively connected to the logic operation order 7L (1 3) Pulse width modulation signal output terminal to control the output of adjustable pulse wave width. 4 As shown in the second figure, it is another preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is mostly the same as the above circuit, but includes two sets of protection circuits. The two sets of protection: circuit (1 1) (1 2) The voltage divider (ii 2) (1 2 2) can be changed according to the core = specific circuit abnormal state. Among them, the blade [yi (112) of the first group of protection circuits (1 1) is composed of two resistors (R3) (R4), and the first one. Hai Dao Ya Yi (1 1 2) is connected to the DC power input terminal (Vcc) and has the function of over-voltage or low-voltage protection in response to the voltage change of the DC power. The voltage divider (112) of the protection circuit (12) is composed of a resistor (r 2) and a thermistor (R1), where the thermistor (ri) varies with the surrounding temperature. To change its resistance value, {the comparator (丄 2 1) will know the current temperature and decide whether to control whether the modulation signal is output or not, so that the protection circuit (1 2) has an over-temperature protection function. From the above description, it can be known that the error detection amplifier built in the general pulse width controller is also composed of an operational amplifier. Therefore, the present invention uses the operational amplifier in which the error detection amplifier is designed as a protection circuit to enable the pulse width control of the present invention. The inverter has a circuit abnormality detection function, and when it is applied to the inverter, there is no need to design an additional protection circuit. In this way, the inverter can simplify and reduce the use of electronic components, which can help reduce costs. In the future, the present invention will save many components and effectively shorten the signal delay time, and will have the effect of quickly responding to abnormal signals and entering a protection state. From the above description, this # clearly provides a pulse width controller with the function of detecting the abnormal state of the circuit, without changing the function of the conventional inverter circuit-the invention is applied to the inverter circuit, which can effectively simplify the overall circuit Complexity and reduce the use of electronic components. [Brief description of the drawings] The first figure is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The second figure is a circuit diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The second figure is a circuit diagram of a conventional inverter. Figure 4: Circuit diagram of a conventional pulse width controller. Fifth Figure A: The control signal waveform diagram of the conventional inverter. The fifth graph B is a signal waveform diagram of a plurality of nodes in the fourth graph. The sixth figure is a detailed circuit diagram of the protection circuit of the inverter of the third figure. The seventh graph A and B are the waveform diagrams of the output pulse signal of the third graph with and without the load connected. [Description of main component symbols] (10) Oscillation is, (11) Protection circuit (1 1 1) Comparator (1 1 2) Voltage divider (1 2) Protection circuit (1 2 1) Comparator 8 1238601 (122) Voltage divider (13) Logic operation unit (1 4) Electronic switch (1 5) Electronic switch (5 0) Pulse width controller (5 0 1) Oscillator (5 0 2) First error detection amplifier (503) No. Two error detection amplifiers (504) logical operation units (504) (5 0 6) electronic switches (5 1) boost circuits (5 2) full bridge circuits (5 3) protection circuits (5 3 1) operations Amplifier (5 3 2) Voltage Divider 9