TWI233225B - GaN light emitting diode structure with high reverse withstanding voltage and high anti-electrostatic discharge ability - Google Patents
GaN light emitting diode structure with high reverse withstanding voltage and high anti-electrostatic discharge ability Download PDFInfo
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- TWI233225B TWI233225B TW093126690A TW93126690A TWI233225B TW I233225 B TWI233225 B TW I233225B TW 093126690 A TW093126690 A TW 093126690A TW 93126690 A TW93126690 A TW 93126690A TW I233225 B TWI233225 B TW I233225B
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- alloy
- gallium nitride
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- indium gallium
- emitting diode
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- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum indium Chemical compound [Al].[In] AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IWBUYGUPYWKAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[N] Chemical group [AlH3].[N] IWBUYGUPYWKAMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000002329 Inga feuillei Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007486 ZnGa2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVYDYKVLJBNFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gadolinium Chemical compound [Al].[Gd] UVYDYKVLJBNFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004508 polar body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/15—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
- H01L33/42—Transparent materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
Description
1233225 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種氮化鎵系發光二極體,特別是有關一種具 鬲逆向反抗電壓與高抗靜電能力的氮化鎵系發光二極體結構。 【先前技術】 氮化鍊(GaN)系發光二極體,由於可以藉著控制材料的組成來製作出各 種色光的發光二極體,其相關技術因此成為近年來業界積極研發的焦 點。氮化鎵系發光二極體,除了在各種例如電子時鐘、手機等消費性 電子裝置的顯示功能的傳統應用之外,因為其在亮度與發光效率等方 面的技術突破,更逐漸應用在戶外顯示看板、車用照明等領域。 當應用在這些戶外照明顯示設備時,氮化鎵系發光二極體除了要具有 高亮度與高發光效料,另外健要的要求就是要具有相#高的^向 反抗電壓(Reverse Withstanding Voltage)以及抗靜電(Electr〇static
Discharge,ESD)能力,以便長時間在戶外的嚴苛環境下運作,而具有實 用價值。 仁是傳統的氮化鎵系發光二極體,其習知的結構是以氮化嫁系的氮 1 匕物蟲晶錄在通常是由藍寶石(_㈣所構賴基板上。氮化鎵系 II化物和藍寶石基板的晶格常數的不匹配,常會造成過大應力的累 積,使得習知的氮化鎵系發光二極體的m不佳,進而影響直承 受ESD的能力。 a 〃 用的解決方法是採用—種覆晶(FlipChip)的製程,將氮化 m先-極體和一個由石夕構成的稽納二極體(z_此叫結合在一 起。,-方法雖然確實有效解決了氮化鎵系發光二極體承*㈣能力 的問題但疋’故種覆晶的製程要比習知的氮化鎵系發光二極體製程 1233225 複雜許多。 【發明内容】 本發明提出一種氮化鎵系發光二極體的結構,可以實際解決前 述相關技術中的限制及缺失。 本發明所提出的氮化鎵系發光二極體,其結構與習知的氮化鎵 系發光二極體最主要的差異是利用未摻雜的氮化銦鎵 (InGaN)、或是低能隙(Eg<3.4eV)的未摻雜的氮化鋁銦鎵 (AlGalnN)這兩種材料,在習知的氮化鎵系發光二極體的p型 接觸層之上,形成一層抗靜電薄層。此一抗靜電薄層可以使得 氮化鎵系發光二極體的逆向反抗電壓以及抗靜電能力獲得明 顯改善,進而提升氮化鎵系發光二極體的使用壽命。 第一 A與第一 B圖係分別顯示三種不同材質的抗靜電薄層的 抗靜電電壓與逆向反抗電壓對不同的抗靜電薄層厚度的實驗 數據圖。如第一 A與第一 B圖所示,以未摻雜的In0.2Ga0.8N 所形成、厚度介於5A〜100A之間的抗靜電薄層,顯著地要比 同樣採用In0.2Ga0.8N、相同厚度、但是有矽(Si)與鎂(Mg)摻雜 的抗靜電薄層,有更佳的抗靜電能力與逆向反抗電壓。 除了上述的優點,利用未摻雜的氮化銦鎵、或是低能隙的未摻 雜的氮化鋁銦鎵形成的抗靜電薄層,由於這種材料的低能隙特 性,還可以使得抗靜電薄層與其上的金屬電極或透明導電電極 之間的電阻,要比金屬電極或透明導電電極和p型接觸層更 低,也因此更容易形成歐姆接觸。 茲配合下列圖示、實施例之詳細說明及申請專利範圍,將上述 及本發明之其他目的與優點詳述於後。 1233225 【實施方式】 第二圖係依據本發明之氮化鎵⑽光二極體結構第—實施例 之不意圖。如第二圖所示,此實施例係以C斤lane或R_piane 或A_Plane之氧化鋁單晶(Sapphire)或碳化矽(6H_Sic或4H Sic) 為基板10,其他可用於基板10的材質還包括Si、Zn〇、GaAs 或尖晶石(MgAhCU),或是晶格常數接近於氮化物半導體之單 晶,化物。然後在此基板10之一側面形成一由有一特定組成 的氮化鋁鎵銦(AlaGabIni-a_bN,0$a,b<l,a+b$l)所構成的緩衝層 20、,及在此緩衝層之上的一 n型接觸層邓,此n型接觸層係由 氮化鎵(GaN)系材質構成。然後,在此η型接觸層3〇之上形成一主動 層40此主動層4〇係由氮化銦鎵所構成、而且覆蓋部份^型接觸 層30的上表面。在η型接觸層3〇上表面未被主動層4〇覆蓋的部份, 另外形成有一負電極42。 此貫施例接著在主動層40上形成一 ρ型被覆層5〇。此ρ型被覆 層50係由氮化鎵系材質所構成。在此ρ型被覆層5〇之上,接 著疋一材質為Ρ型氮化鎵的ρ型接觸層60。在此ρ型接觸層6U之上, 即為本發明重點之抗靜電薄層70。在此實施例中,抗靜電薄層7〇係由 未摻雜、具有一特定組成的氮化銦鎵(IndGai dN,〇<把1)所構
成’其厚度介於5A〜100A之間、成長溫度介於600°C〜1100°C 之間。 在抗靜電薄層70上方,此實施例進一步分別形成互不重疊的一正電極 80與一透明導電層82。此正電極8〇可以是由Ni/Au合金、Ni/pt 合金、Ni/Pd合金、Ni/Co合金、Pd/Au合金、Pt/Au合金、Ti/Au合金、 Cr/Au 合金、Sn/Au 合金、Ta/Au 合金、TiN、TiWNx(x>0)、WSiy(y20) 等其中之一、或其他類似金屬材料所構成。此透明導電層82可以是 一金屬導電層或是一透明氧化層。此金屬導電層是由Ni/Au合金,Ni/Pt 合金,Ni/Pd合金,Pd/Au合金,Pt/Au合金,Cr/Au合金,Ni/Au/Be合金, 1233225
Ni/Cr/Αιι合金,Ni/Pt/Αιι合金,Ni/Pd/Au合金及其它類似材料之一所構 成。此透明氧化層是由 ITO、CTO、ZnO:Al、ZnGa2〇4、Sn〇2:Sb、
Ga203:Sn、AgIn02:Sn、In203:Zn、CuAI〇2、LaCuOS、NiO、CuGa02、 SrCu202其中之一所構成。 第三圖係依據本發明之氮化鎵系發光二極體結構第二實施例 之示意圖。如第三圖所示,此實施例和第一實施例有相同的結 構與成長方式。唯一的差別是在抗靜電薄層所用的材質。在此 實施例中’抗靜電薄層72係由未摻雜、具有一特定組成、能隙 小於 3.4eV 的氮化鋁銦鎵(AleInfGaiefN,〇<e,f<1,e+f<1)所構 成,其厚度介於5A〜100A之間、成長溫度介於6〇〇〇c 〜11〇(rc 之間。 ^四圖係本發明之氮化鎵系發光二極體結構第三實施例之示 意圖。如第四圖所示,此實施例和第一、第二實施例有相同的 結構與成長方式。唯一的差別是在抗靜電薄層的結構、材質、 與成長方式。在此實施例中,抗靜電薄層74係由一氮化銦鎵薄 層741與一氮化鋁銦鎵薄層742交互重複堆疊所形成的超晶格 (Supedattice)結構。每一氮化銦鎵薄層741,均係由未摻雜、 具有一特,組成的氮化銦鎵(IngGa^g'CXg^l)所構成,其厚度 岣介於5A〜2〇A之間、成長溫度亦均介於60yc〜11〇〇c>c之 間。不同的氮化銦鎵薄層741的氮化銦鎵組成(即前述分子式 的參數g)不一定相同。每一氮化鋁錮鎵薄層742,均係由未 摻雜、具有一特定組成、能隙小於34eV的氮化鋁銦鎵 (AlJniGan^OclUcLh+icl)所構成,其厚度均介於5A〜2〇a 之間、成長溫度亦均介於600°C〜11〇〇。〇之間。不同的氮化銘 錮鎵薄層742的氮化鋁銦鎵組成(即前述分子式的參數乜〇 不一定相同。 1233225 在此抗靜電薄層74中,最底層(亦即直接位於p型接觸層之 上)可以是氮化銦鎵薄層741,其上再依次堆疊氮化鋁銦鎵薄 層742、氮化銦鎵薄層741,依此類推。或者最底層也可以是 氮化鋁銦鎵薄層742,其上再依次堆疊氮化銦鎵薄層741、氮 化鋁銦鎵薄層742,依此類推。氮化銦鎵薄層741與氮化鋁銦 鎵薄層742依此方式交互重複堆疊,其重覆次數大於或等於二(亦 即氮化銦鎵薄層741的層數與氮化鋁銦鎵薄層742的層數均大 於或等於二)。抗靜電薄層74的總厚度不超過2〇〇a。 以上所述者僅為用以解釋本發明之較佳實施例,並非企圖具上
對本發明作任何形式上之限制,是以,凡有在相同之發明^才 下所作有關本發明之任何修飾或變更,皆仍應包括在本發明$ 圖保護之範齊。 X ^ 【圖式簡單說明】 附圖所顯示係提供作為具體呈現本說明書中所描述各組成) 件之具體化實施例,並解釋本發明之主要目的以增進對本 之了解。 ;
,一、A、第一 B圖係分別顯示三種不同材質的抗靜電薄層的抗靜電1 堅與处向反抗電壓對不同的抗靜電薄層厚度的實驗數據圖。 依據本發明之氮化鎵系發光二極體結構第一實施^ 第f圖係依據本發明之氮化鎵系發光二極體結構第二實施々 之不意圓。 第四,係依據本發明之氮化鎵系發光二極體結構第三實施令 之示意圖。 9 1233225 【主要元件符號說明】 ίο 基板 20 緩衝層 30 η型接觸層 40 主動層 42 負電極 50 ρ型被覆層 60 ρ型接觸層 70 抗靜電薄層 72 抗靜電薄層 74 抗靜電薄層 741 氮化銦鎵薄層 742 氮化鋁銦鎵薄層 80 正電極 82 透明導電層
Claims (1)
1233225 十、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種氮化鎵系發光二極體結構,包括·· 基板’其係由氧化紹單晶(Sapphire)、6H-SiC、4H-SiC:、Si、ZnO、 B GaAs、尖晶石(MgA12〇4)、與一晶格常數接近於氮化物 單晶氧化物之一所製成; _ 緩衝層,係位於該基板之一側面之上,由有一特定組成的氮化鋁 鎵銦(AlaGabIni.bN,〇分山<1,a+bSl)所構成; 一 η型接觸層,係位於該緩衝層之上,由一氮化鎵系材質構成; 一主動層,係位於該η型接觸層之上,且覆蓋部份該η型接觸層之上 表面,由氮化銦鎵所構成; 曰 一負電極,係位於該η型接觸層未被該主動層覆蓋之上表面上; 鲁 一 Ρ型被覆層,係位於該主動層之上,由ρ型氮化鎵系材質所構成; 一 Ρ型接觸層,係位於該ρ型被覆層之上,由ρ型氮化鎵所構成; 一抗靜電薄層,係位於該ρ型接觸層之上,由一未摻雜之氮化銦鎵、 一能隙小於3.4eV之未摻雜之氮化鋁銦鎵、以及一由未摻雜之氮化銦鎵 與能隙小於3.4eV之未摻雜之氮化鋁銦鎵組成之超晶格結構三種材料之 一所構成; / 一透明導電層,係位於該抗靜電薄層之上、且覆蓋其部份表面之一金屬 導電層與一透明氧化層二者之一,該金屬導電層係由Ni/Au合金,Ni/pt 合金,Ni/Pd合金,Pd/Au合金,Pt/Au合金,Cr/Au合金,Ni/Au/Be合金,_ Ni/Cr/Au合金,Ni/Pt/Au合金,Ni/Pd/Au合金其中之一所構成,該透明氧 化層係由 ITO、CTO、Zn0:Al、ZnGa204、Sii02:Sb、Ga203:Sn、AgIn02:Sn、 In203:Zn、CuA102、LaCuOS、NiO、CuGa02、SrCu2〇2 其中之一所構成; 以及 一正電極,係位於該抗靜電薄層之上、未被該透明導電層覆蓋之表面 上,由Ni/Au合金、Ni/Pt合金、Ni/Pd合金、Ni/Co合金、Pd/Au合金、 Pt/Au 合金、Ti/Au 合金、Cr/Au 合金、Sn/Au 合金、Ta/Au 合金、TiN、 — TiWNx(x20)、WSiy(於0)其中之一所構成。 11 1233225 靜電薄層 1項所述之氮化鎵系發光二極體結構,纟中,該抗 〇<-騎構成,度:氮化銦鎵一^ 靜電薄層係!H1項所述之氮化嫁系發光二極體結構,其中,該抗 t ^ ^ 衣務雜、具有一特定組成、能隙小於3.4eV的氮化 鋁銦鎵(A1 In r 、。einfGai^fN,0<e,f<1,e+f<1)所構成,其厚度介於 5A〜100A之間。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之氮化鎵系發光二極體結構,其中,該抗 靜電薄層係由一氮化銦鎵薄層與一氮化鋁銦鎵薄層交互重複堆 豐所形成之超晶格結構,其重覆次數至少為二次,且總厚度不超過 200A,其中,每一氮化銦鎵薄層,厚度均介於5人〜2〇入之間, 且均係由未摻雜、各自具有其特定組成之氮化銦鎵(InkGa^N, 〇<kSl)所構成,每一氮化鋁銦鎵薄層,厚度均介於5入〜2〇A之 間,且均係由未摻雜、各自具有其特定組成、能隙小於3.4eV 之氮化鋁銦鎵(AlpInqGa^p.qN,0<p,q<l,P+q<l)所構成。 12
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