1230218 玫、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種監測裝置及其監測方法，特別是 、種可即時L測水系資料之水系監測裝置及其監測方 【先前技術】 10 15 、台灣地形山高水短，加上山坡土地的過度開發，使得 一形成的呵川與湖泊以及人工規劃的排水及蓄水系统 ，均面臨洪峰時_短、洪峰高度增高，以及河水爽雜大 1◊石&成 床及水道過度沖刷與於積等問題。特別是河 ::水庫之;於積，更導致水系之蓄水及調節能力降低，使 侍水、旱災頻傳，造成嚴重的民生問題；加上河川水位暴 漲導致中、下游發生橋樑沖毁、河堤触，及都市低達地 區淹水等災情；以及水流速度增加衍生河床過度沖刷、橋 墩基礎流失’及橋_塌斷裂等危害。而不僅對交通經濟 造成影響，更對人貞之生命財產形成嚴重的威脅。 ^因此，若能對河川與湖泊與排水及蓄水系統等之水系 二貝料，如水位尚低之時變率及河床沖刷與淤積等項目進行 監測，便能依其即時監測資料發布即時預警，以及長期變 化變化趨勢提出因應對策，以保障生命及財產之安全。同 時也能藉由預判災情而即時地進行適當的防範措施，以避 免災害持續惡化擴大，進而消弭可能發生之二次災害。甚 至更能蒐集長期監測資料以建立完整水系資料庫，俾供曰 後河川及水利系統規劃及整治之用。 20 1230218 、傳統上具有遠端遙測或自動監測功能，並應用於監測 =與湖泊及排水與蓄水系統等之水位變化的水位計，依 :ϊ測原理主要分為浮標式及電子式兩大類。浮標式水位 计般具有一能漂浮於水面上如浮筒或浮球等之浮標，藉 機，連動之方式，測讀該浮標之位置，進*量測待測水 面之高低。而電子式水位計則是洲—探針浸泡在水中 時因與水接觸之面積不同導致該探針之電阻或電容值改 $的原理進行水位之量測。但上述兩種水位計均無法直接 «又置於河川或排水系統上進行量測，而必須將河川或排水 1〇 ㈣料測水域之水位，以-連通管的方式將其引導至該 水位计所在之處進行間接量測。但由於豐水期之河川及如 下水道等之排水系統多含雜質及漂浮物，因此反而容易阻 塞該連通管，導致該水位計失效。 而應用於河床與溝渠之沖刷及淤積監測部分，傳統上 15貝ij是以重力式深度量測裝置進行量測，其原理是藉-鋼索 連接-沉錘，利用沉錘之升降以探測河床深度，藉此估計 可床之變化’進而得出河床沖刷與於積之狀況。然該重力 式冰度篁測裝置因藉鋼索繫吊沉鐘，當其探測深度過大 時’易受水流流速、風速影響產生擺動，而無法精確掌握 20 '儿錘降洛河床位置點，甚或擾動河床沖刷後凹陷處表面， 失去量測最大沖刷深度之正輕。反之，若就該鋼索及沉 錘下降路徑以-管件予以拘限及保護，則該管件有遭泥砂 淤積阻塞之虞。 此外，由於河床沖淤演變是河川中常見的重要現象， 1230218 而冲刷的基本原因為輸砂不平衡，當上游來砂量和水流挟 砂能力相等則輸砂達到平衡，此時河床呈現不沖不於的穩 定狀態；若來砂量大於挾砂能力則將產生於積，而來砂量 j於挾〇此力時則產生沖刷，輸砂不平衡將造成河床變 5 10 15 化’使河床橫向及縱向之斷面改變，進而危及設置於河床 上如橋基等之結構物基礎。 由於橋基裸露最大深度往往發生於洪水掏刷時，此時 為橋樑結構最容易發生災害的時期，經歷洪水掏刷後，橋 基將產生㈣絲，但由於㈣砂石所能提供之承載力往 往未能符合原先設計需求，因此縱算事後進行現場河床高 度檢測，仍無法確切得知完整沖刷歷程，以及橋基所歷經 之最大沖刷深度，故必須仰賴現地即時之監測裝置技術， 方能解決此一盲點與難題。然而上述使用於量測沖刷及淤 積深度之，置’受限於人力，以及天候與交通之影響，無 法收集大量快速及完整沖刷歷程之數據資料。不僅無法進 行精確且即時之監測’更難藉由解讀完整沖刷歷程監測紀 錄，提出對於橋樑結構系統與相關水理機制之正確評估。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的是在提供一種可進行即時監測之 水系監測裝置及其監測方法。 本發明之另一目的是在提供一種可進 _ p、日I , 裡j進仃凡整沖刷歷 測之水系監測裝置及其監測方法。 之水系監 本發明之又一目的是在提供一種高度可靠 測裝置及其監測方法。 20 1230218 本發明水系監測裝置是設置於一固定點上，以獲得一 沿垂直水面方向上下延伸之預定範圍内的水系資料，該水 系監測裝置包括一固設於該固定點並沿垂直水面方向上 下延伸之支承柱，以及複數於該預定範圍内沿垂直水面方 5 向間隔地設置於該支承柱上之感測器，藉以獲得在該預定 範圍内的水系資料。 而將上述水系監測裝置應用於水面高度之監測方 法，則包括下列步驟： a) 於一自水面分別向上、下延伸之預定範圍内的複數 1〇 定位點上分別設置複數感測器，該等感測器中至少一感測 器位於水面以上； b) 以該等感測器分別判斷各該定位點之水流狀態；及 c) 以該等定位點之水流狀況獲得水面之高度。 此外，將上述水系監測裝置應用於水流監測之方法， 15 包括下列步驟： a) 於一沿垂直水流方向上下延伸之預定範圍内的複數 定位點上分別設置複數感測器； b) 以該等感測器分別量測各該定位點之水流速度；及 c) 以該等定位點之水流速度獲得該預定範圍内之水流 20 速度分布。 另外，將上述水系監測裝置應用於河床沖刷及淤積之 監測方法，則包含下列步驟： a)於一自河床面分別向上、下延伸之預定範圍内的複 數定位點上分別設置複數感測器，該等感測器中至少一感 1230218 測器埋設於該河床面以下； b)以該等感測器分別判斷各該定位點之水流狀態；及 C)以該等定位點之水流狀況獲得河床面之高度。 ▲本發明之功效，是能以成本較低且可靠度與精確度較 高之裝置及方法，進行快速且大量的水系資料收集，以充 分發揮自動化與即時監測之效果，達到對水系即時與長期 之有效監測，進而保障生命財產之安全。 【實施方式】 、有關本發明之前述及其他技術内容、特點與功效，在 T下配合參相式之四較佳實施例的詳細說财，將可清 楚的明白。在提出詳細說明之前，要注意的是，在以下的 敛述中，類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。 、如圖1至圖4所示，本發明水系監測裝置及其監測方 法之第一較佳實施例是在一試驗用之循環水道如中所進 行之模㈣驗，該水系監測裝置1設置於該循環水道90 内之―固定點9上’藉由控制該循環水道90内之試驗條 件’以驗證該水系監測裝置1能準確地獲得沿垂直一水流 81之水面82方向上下延伸之—敎範圍内的水系資料。 -亥水系&測裝置！包括一固設於該固定點9上之支承 ^2、二沿垂直水面82方向間隔地設置於該支承柱2上之 感測器3,以及—與該等感測器3相連接之資料擷取器4。 該支承柱2沿垂直水面82方向上下延伸，且是以不 f鋼材f製成；但並不以此為限，舉凡如其他金屬材料、 夕料複5材料或陶瓷材料等適合於設置在戶外與潮 1230218 濕之環境條件的材質，均能取代不鏽鋼而為製成該支承柱 2之材質。 該等感測器3位於該預定範圍内且彼此間隔等距離地 叹置於該支承柱2上，各該感測器3具有一固設於該支承 柱2上並沿平行水面82方向延伸之懸臂3 1，以及一設置 於該懸臂31上用以量測該懸臂31受力狀態之感應計32。 在本實施例中，各該懸臂31之材質與該支承柱2相同， 均是以不鏽鋼材質所製成之不鏽鋼片。各該感應計32則 分別設置於各該懸臂31靠近該支承柱2處，各該感應計 32具有一光纖5、一形成於該光纖5上之感應段51及一 包覆該感應段51並固設於各該懸臂31表面上之金屬膜 52，使各該感應計32成為一良好固設於各該懸臂3丨上之 光纖感應計。 如圖1、圖5及圖6所示，各該光纖5具有一用於傳 導光訊號之核心53及一包覆於該核心53外且折射率較古亥 核心53低之外殼54。各該感應計32更具有一形成於各今 感應段51之核心53上的光纖光柵55。在本實施例中，該 等光纖5彼此串聯且該等光柵55之週期彼此相異，故藉 由量測通過各該光柵55之光訊號的波長偏移量，便能獲 得各該對應之感應段51之伸長量，進而判斷出各該對靡、 之懸臂31的變形狀況。因此，各該感應段η除能設置各 該光栅55,而形成一以光波長調變原理進行量測之光纖光 栅感應計（Fiber Bragg Grating sensor，FBG)外，其亦妒以如 光強度調變原理及光相位調變原理等其他形式之感測器 1230218 進行替代，例如非本質式法布立-拍若干涉式感應計 (Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric sensor，EFPI)及布里 光時域反射感應計（Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflector sensor，BOTDR)等；由於各式光纖感應計種類繁 多’故在此不多加贅述。 各該金屬膜52包含一包覆各該感應段51上之第一包 覆層521，及一包覆該第一包覆層521外並以銲錫56焊設 於各該懸臂31表面上的第二包覆層522。各該第一包覆層 521是沿各該光纖5軸線方向連續包覆於各該感應段$ 1外 周面上’其作用在於提供各該感應段51與後續第二包覆 層522間良好結合(bonding)附著效果，本實施例中各該第 一包覆層521為厚度5//m之銅膜，然不限於該厚度及材 質，各該第一包覆層521也能藉如真空濺鍍、真空蒸鍍、 離子披覆（ion plating)或其他能於一非金屬面形成一金屬 層之任何習知技術所產生。 各該第二包覆層522則是形成於各該第一包覆層521 外周面上，以使各該感應段51能與各該懸臂31藉焊接戋 其他方式如濺鍍、蒸鍍、熱擴散接合技術等方式結合。本 實施例中各該第二包覆層522為厚度在1〇至2〇“瓜間之 銅膜，其製作方法是將各該光纖5之感應段51置於銅溶 液中，由無需通電流之無電鍍方式所形成，然其他電鍍2 無電鍍鍍膜方式亦可適用。 須加以說明的是，在本實施例中各該第一包覆層 與各該第二包覆層522之所以採用不同方式形成，主要是 1230218 考I形成各該第一包覆層521之技術，如真空濺鍍等通常 . 成本較高，故以如真空濺鍍方式於各該感應段51上形成 可供各該第二包覆層522附著之最小基本厚度之各該第一 包覆層521後，即改以成本較低之其他無電鍍或電鍍方式 形成各該第二包覆層522,使得各該感應段51能以焊接之 方式焊设於各該懸臂31表面上。然於其變化例中，自然 也能以形成各該第-包覆層521之技術一次形成各該感應· 段51外緣之所有金屬膜52，亦即無第一包覆層521與第 · 二包覆層522之區分。由於各該金屬膜52與各該感應段 _ 51握裹良好，因此將各該金屬膜52焊設於各該懸臂31 上，便此藉由各该金屬膜52使各該懸臂31受擾動時所產 生之形變完整地傳遞至各該感應段5丨上。 因此當该等懸臂31其中任一懸臂3 1受該水流8丨力 量推動而相對於該支承柱2活動時，設置於該懸臂η上 之違感應4 3 2便能以該感應段51量測該懸臂3 1之形變 而測得該懸臂31之受力與否及其受力之大小，進而判斷 該懸臂31是否被涵蓋於該水流81範圍内。 ® 由於该4感應計32是為分別量測各該懸臂3 1受該水 · 流81擾動之影響，故熟習該項技藝者當能推想，如位移 _ 計、傾斜計、速度計、加速度計及壓力計等只要是能感測 出該懸臂3 1受力狀態變化之感應計32均能對本實施例所 揭露之光纖應變計進行替換。更由於各式感應計32種類 繁多，且ϋ不以光纖製成之感應計32為限，因此本實施 例之各該感應汁32當然也能以電子式的感應計32取代。 11 123〇2l8 如圖3所示，該資料榻取器4是用以收集各該感測器 所测付之水系資料。在本實施射，該資料擷取器*具 有一與該等感應計32之光纖5相連接並用以發射光訊號 進入各該光纖5之彻單元41…同樣與料感應計％ 之2纖5相連接並用以接收經過各該光纖5之光訊號之接 收早元42，以及一與該接收單元42連接之分析單元43。 如圖2及圖4所示，以下即藉由於上述循環水道9〇 斤進行包含水面上升、河床掏刷，河床回淤、水面下降 等階段之完整沖刷歷程的監測，以說明本發明水面高度與 珂床冲刷及淤積之監測方法。首先簡單介紹該試驗用之循 %水道90，該循環水道9〇具有一儲水池91、一與該儲水 91相連通之進水塔92、一設置於該儲水池91與該進水 二92間之揚水馬達93、一與該進水塔％相連通之試驗水 槽94、一鄰近該試驗水槽94頭端之進水閥門95、一鄰近 該試驗水槽94尾端之閘門96、一透過該閘門96與該試驗 水槽94相連通之沉砂池97，以及一收集由該沉砂池97溢 出之水的地下儲水槽98。該地下儲水槽98内的水可藉由 一抽水機99抽送至該儲水池91，以供再循環使用。故當 為揚水馬達93將該儲水池91内之蓄水抽送至該位置較高 之進水塔92内後，便能利用高度差、該進水閥門95及該 閘門96控制水流81以設定之水面82高度及流動速度由 該試驗水槽94頭端往尾端流動。在本實施例中，該試驗 水槽94之坡度為3%，且該試驗水槽94容裝有粒徑小於 3mm之砂石以模擬一河床83，該河床83形成有一河床面 12 1230218 84,而該河床面84以下更埋設有一形成有該固定點9之 基座85，以供δ亥水系監測裝置i之支承柱2設置並定位於 其上。 、 為方便說明與討論，在此將該等感測器3由最遠_ 5 基座85處起依序命名為第一感測器3,、第二感測器3，，， 以及第三感測器3，’，。在該水流81流經該試驗水槽94的 過程中’㈣水系監測裝置i進行該水面高度與沖刷及於 積之監測方法，配合圖7所示，包含下列步驟： 步驟100，如圖i及圖2所示，將該水系監測裝置i 10 如上所述設置於該固定點9上，使該支承柱2由該河床面 84以下延伸至水面82以上，該支承柱2更於其所延伸之 預疋範圍内形成有複數没置有該等感測器3之定位點21。 在整個監測過程中，該固定點9始終低於該河床面84,且 在初始狀態下，第一感測器3,、第二感測器3”，以及第 15 三感測器3 ’’’均位於該河床面84以上，其中第一感測器3， 與第二感測器3”更位於該水面82以上。當然，如欲於初 始狀態即能進行沖刷之監測，則可將該等感測器3中至少 一感測器3設置於該河床面84以下。 步驟102，如圖3所示，由該發射裝置41發射光訊號 20 進入該水系監測裝置1之各該感應計32的感應段51。 步驟104，由該接收單元42接收經由各該感應計32 之感應段51的光訊號。在本實施例中是由與該發射裝置 41相同側接收經各该感應段51之光棚 5 5 (見圖5 )反射的反 射訊號。誠如熟悉此項技藝者所了解，亦能由與該發射裝 13 1230218 置41相對側接收通過該光柵55之透射‘號。 步驟106，由該分析單元43以經過該光柵55之光訊 號ΐ測各該懸臂31之形變，由於各該懸臂31之形變是受 水μ 81衝擊力量所產生，因此便能藉由經過各該光柵 5 之光訊號的波長飄移量獲得各該懸臂31之形變，以獲得 其受力變化，進而得以藉由該等感測器3分別判斷各該定 位點21之水流81狀態。 步驟108，如圖！及2所示，以該等定位點21之水流 81狀況獲得水面82之即時高度及河床面84之即時高度。 1〇 步驟110，重複步驟丨们至步驟1〇8,便能獲得完整沖 刷歷程中水面82高度及河床面84高度之歷時變化。 一併配合圖8及圖9所示，由該水系監測裝置丨之試 驗結果可知，該沖刷歷程可分為下列 開始至第·秒為初始階段，此時水流81開二 15 ㈣水系監測裝置1，此時由於該水系監測裝置1由靜止 狀態瞬間受水流81影響，因此受力振動狀態複雜，且非 本試驗所欲分析之㈣，故此部份資料不列入探討。 存第100秒至第300秒為第一階段J，此時由於該等 感測器3中僅第三感測器3，，，有顫動現象，而可知該：流 2〇 81已衝擊第三感測器3”，，但由於第-感測器3,與第二： 測器3”讀數均保持穩定，表示其未受水流81影響，故; 得知水面82高度低於第一感測器3,與第二感測器3”所在 位：，而位於第二感測器3”與第三感測器3”，之間，並可 推得河床面84低於第三感測器3，，，所在位置。 1230218 從第300秒至第500秒為第二階段工工，此時由於該等 感測器3中第二感測器3，，及第三感測器3,，，均有波長偏移 及顫動之現象，而第一感測器3,之讀數仍保持穩定，故可 ，知此時水面82高度已升高至第―感測器3,與第二感測 态3之間，而河床面84高度仍低於第三感測器3，，，。 從第500秒至第650秒為第三階段ΙΠ，此時苐一感測 為3,之讀數仍保持穩定，而第二感測器3，，仍有波長偏移 ，顫動現象，故可推得此時水面82高度仍位於第一感測 器3與第二感測器3”之間。而第三感測器3，，，所獲得讀數 雖有變動但已趨於穩定，表示砂石已逐漸回淤並淹沒第三 感測器3 ，方使得该懸臂31”，受到拘束而使得該感應計 32’’’所測得知變形量逐漸穩定，因此可知河床面料之高度 已逐漸超過第三感測器3 ’’’所在位置。 從第650秒至第1〇8〇秒為第四階段IV，此時第一感 測器3之頊數仍保持穩定，故可知水面82高度仍低於第 一感測器3’所在位置。而第三感測器3，，，之讀數則相當穩 疋，且第一感測器3 ’’之讀數雖有偏移也逐漸趨於穩定，表 不砂石已回淤淹沒接近第二感測器3”所在位置，因此可知 河床面84高度已超過第二感測器3，，所在位置。 從第1080秒至第11〇〇秒為第五階段ν，此時第_感 測器3’之讀數仍保持穩定，即表示水面82高度仍低於第 一感測器3’所在位置。而第二感測器3，，之讀數則開始出 現顫動現象，加上第三感測器3，，，之讀數仍保持穩定，故 可知河床面84高度已下降至低於第二感測器3”所在位 15 1230218 置。 從第_秒至第1250秒為第六階段νι，此時第—感 測器3,之讀數仍保持穩定，而第二感測器3”之讀數也由 顏動迅速進入穩定狀態，故可得知水面82高度已降心 5 帛二感測器3”所在位置。此時第三感測器3，，’之讀數則開 始出現偏移，故可知河床面84高度已下降至第三感測薄 3”’所在位置。 ° 從第U50秒至第1450秒為第七階段νπ，此時第一 感測器3,與第二感測器3”之讀數均保持穩定，而第三感 1〇 測器3”，之讀數則明顯出現顫動現象，故可得知水面82高 度已降低於第二感測器3’，與第三感測器3，，’之間，而河床 面84高度則已下降至低於第三感測器3”，所在位置。 從第1450秒至第17〇〇秒為第八階段νιπ，此時第一 感測器3，、第二感測器3”’以及第三感測器3”，之讀數均 15 保持穩定不變，綜合前一階段之分析結果可知此時水面82 與河床面84均已降低至低於第三感測器3，，，所在位置。 從上述可知本發明水系監測裝置丨及其監測方法確實 能進行水面高度及河床沖刷及淤積之監測，且本發明該水 系監測裝置1構造簡單且無任何機械動作之連接，因此易 *° 於組裝與更換，並相當耐用可靠，且相對於以往的監測裝 置與方法，將可大幅降低生產與維修成本。並由於各該感 應計32是以經由形成於各該光纖5上之光柵55進行各該 懸臂31之量測，並以各該金屬膜52包覆於該感應段51 外’因此能防止外在環境如電磁場、溫溼度，以及水中懸 16 1230218 浮物等因素干擾影響，使得該水系監測裝置j具有極佳的 耐候性與㈣性、較低的故障率及更長的使用壽限。 此外，由於該等感應計32之光纖5是以串聯方式連 接，且形成於各該感應段51之各該光栅55週期相異，故 僅發射一光訊號便能完成全部感應計32之量測，充分達 到I測時間之縮短及取樣頻率的提昇，使得相對反應速度 加快並有效增加予頁警時間，料達到即時監測之效果。當 然如熟習項技藝者所能理解，該等感應計32之光纖5也 可以採並聯之方式，分別與該資料擷取器4連接，不論是 以光偶合||(@未示）同時發射光訊號進人各該感應計32 , 或是以高頻掃描之方式分別發射光訊號進人各該感應計 32 ’均同樣能達到即時監測之效果。 另外，由於是以該資料擷取器4量測光波長偏移量後 進行光電轉換，以獲得數位訊息進行分析監測，因此該水 系監測裝置1不僅能進行快速的現地監測，更能輕易地運 用現有寬頻網路設施進行自動化之遠端監測，且其每一發 射光訊號量測所獲得之水系資料均可視為相同時間所獲 付，故更具有即時監測以及大量快速收集資料之優點。 本發明水系監測裝置及其監測方法之第二較佳實施 例與上述第一較佳實施例大致相同，如圖1至圖4所示， 同樣藉由上述該水系監測裝置丨與該循環水道9〇，於該水 流81流經該試驗水槽94的過程中進行水系監測之試驗， 其差異在於，本實施例是以該水系監測裝置丨進行之一水 流速度之監測，而該水流81之流速相對於上述第一較佳 17 1230218 實施例之水流81速度慢，且該試驗水槽94内並未於置入 任何砂石，配合圖10所示，該水流監測方法則包含下列 步驟： 步驟200，將上述之水系監測裝置j設置於該固定點 9上。本步驟與上述第一較佳實施例之步驟(見圖7)大 致相同，該支承柱2於其延伸之預定範圍内形成有複數設 置有δ亥專感測器3之疋位點21。而與上述步驟1⑼之差異 在於，在初始狀態下，第一感測器3，、第二感測器3，，， 以及第三感測器3’’’均位於水面82以上。 步驟202,由該發射裝置41發射光訊號進入該水系監 測裝置1之各該感應計32的感應段51。 步驟204，由該接收單元42接收經由各該感應計32 之感應段51的光訊號。 步驟206，由該分析單元43以經過該光柵55(見圖5) 之光訊號量測各該懸臂31之形變，由於各該懸臂31之形 變是受水流81衝擊力量所產生，因此便能藉由經過各該 光柵55之光訊號的波長飄移量獲得各該懸臂31之形變， 進而獲得其受力變化，並藉由各該懸臂31之受力變化而 測得水流81速度。由於在水流81範圍内之懸臂31彎曲 變形程度與其受該水流81衝擊之力量成正比，而該水流 81衝擊力量又與該水流81速度成正比，故若以一標準流 速汁（圖未示）對該等感測器3進行校正，便能藉由該等感 測器3分別量測各該定位點21之水流速度。 步驟208，以各該定位點21之水流81速度獲得預定 18 1230218 範圍内即時之水流8 1速度分布，並藉以判斷該水流8 1於 垂直水流81方向上所涵蓋之範圍，即該試驗水槽94底面 至該水流81之水面82的高度。 步驟210,以水流81於垂直其流動方向上涵蓋之範圍 5 及速度分布計算水流量。由於由步驟208能得到該水流81 之水面82高度，且該試驗水槽94之橫截面寬度已知，因 此配合各該感測器3所測得該等定位點21之水流81速度 便能計算出單位時間内之水流量。 步驟212，重複步驟202至步驟210，便能獲得試驗 1〇 祕中水流81速度與其分布之變化，以及整個試驗過程 中之水流量。 如圖2及圖11所示，由試驗結果可知，自試驗開始至 第300秒為第一階段〗，，此時雖水流以開始流動，但由於 該等感測器3均無任何顏動現象，可知未受水流81影響， 15 目此能推得水面82之高度仍低於第三感測器3”，所在\立 置。 從第300秒至第750秒為第二階段π，，此時由於該等 感測器3中僅第三感測器3”，出現波長偏移之現象，^第 一感測器3’與第二感《 3”之讀數仍保持穩定，故可Γ 20 知，此時水面82高度已升高至第二感測器3”與第三感測: 3 ’ ’ ’之間。 σ 從第750秒至第ι_秒為第三階# m，，此時第 測器3’之讀數仍保持穩定，而第二感測器3”盥第' 器3”，均有波長偏移之現象，故可推得此時水面、= 1230218 於第一感測器3’與第二感測器3’’之間；且由於第二感測 器3’’之波長偏移量大於第三感測器3，，，之波長偏移量，表 示該鄰近於該水面82之第二感測器3，，的懸臂31變形量大 於鄰近該試驗水槽94(見圖4)底面之第三感測器3，，，的懸 臂31變形量，故可得知第二感測器3，，所在處之水流81 速度大於第三感測器3”，所在處之水流81速度。 從第1000秒至第1200秒為第四階段IV，，此時第一 感測器3 ’也出現波長偏移之現象，且其波長偏移量大於第 二感測器3’’及第三感測器3’’’之波長偏移量，故不僅可知 水面82高度已超過第一感測器3 ’所在位置以上，更能得 知得到而第一感測器3’所在處之水流81速度大於第二感 測器3及第二感測器3 ’’’所在處之水流81速度。請注意 第二感測器3’’之波長偏移量仍大於第三感測器3，，，之波長 偏移量，更反應出該水流81不同高度之速度明顯不同， 且越接近水面82之速度越快，而越接近該試驗水槽料底 面之水流81速度越慢；同時，第二感測器3，，及第三感測 器3’’’在本第四階段IV，中之波長偏移量均大於其本身在 第三階段III，之波長偏移量，顯示該水流81之整體速度均 同時提高。 從上述可知本發明水系監測裝置丨及其監測方法確實 能同時進行水面82高度及水流81速度之監測，不僅構造 鬥單成本低廉，且相當耐用可靠，且相對於以往測量水 面82高度及水流81速度的監測裝置與方法，將可大幅量 測過程之複雜度，以及量測人貝之安全風險。值得一提的 20 1230218 是，以該水系監測裝置！量測水面82高度及水&8i速度 分布所獲得之水録，進行水流㈣化之㈣，更能應用 於防洪預警方面’使得在洪災之防範上更具主動性，並更 5 10 15 20 有效地增加下游及低漥地區之預警時間，確實達到防洪預 警之效果。 另外，上述該水系監測裝置i及監測方法亦能應用於 長期監測，將長時間所獲得之水系資料進行歸納整理，以 利水資源之_及環境㈣之評估；_由於其能以該資 料擷取器4進行自動化及數位化之監測，故不論是進行即 時監測或於長期㈣㈣及追蹤等，均能大幅降低成本與 人力之需求。 如圖12及圖13所示，本發明水系監測裝置及其監測 方法之第三較佳實施例與上述第一較佳實施例大致相 同，其差異在於在本實施例中，該水系監測裝置丨之結構 與設置方式有所改變。 在本實施例中，該固定點9位於一橋墩7上，因此該 支承柱2是直接地鎖設於該橋墩7上；且該支承柱2具有 一沿垂直水面82方向上下延伸且呈圓柱狀之本體22，以 及複數沿垂直水面82方向間隔地形成於該本體22上並供 水流經過之流道23。各該流道23沿平行於該水流81方向 貫通該本體22,而該支承柱2更形成有複數分別與各該流 道23連通之側向開口 24，各該側向開口 24之開口方向同 時垂直於該水流81及該水面82方向；使得各該流道23 和與其配合之各該側向開口 24形成一位於該本體22側邊 21 1230218 之開槽。如此一來不僅能確保流經各該流道23之水流8ι 順暢外，更能避免粒徑較小之砂石或污泥淤積於各該流道 23中。 各該定位點21位於該本體22鄰近各該流道2;3處， 5 而該等感測器3則分別設置於各該定位點21處並位於各 該流道23内，以感測流經該流道23之水流81。由於各該 感測器3分別位於各該流道23内，且未突伸出各該流道 23範圍之外’因此能藉由該本體22之保護，防止懸浮在 水流81中體積與重量較大之硬塊、礫石，或浮木等異物 10 撞擊各該感測器3導致損壞。藉以增加該水系監測裝置1 之耐久及财用性。 各該感測器3具有一固設於該本體22上並平行於各 该對應之侧向開口 24方向延伸的懸臂3 1，以及一設置於 該懸臂3 1上用以量測該懸臂3 1受力狀態之感應計32。各 15 該懸臂31分別容設於各該流道23内，且不突伸出於該流 道23外，因此能獲得相當良好之保護。更由於各該流道 23為一形成於該本體22側邊之開槽，且各該側向開口 24 方向與各該懸臂31之延伸方向相同，如此一來不僅能使 各該懸臂31正確感應流經各該流道23之水流81外，更 20 能在保護各該懸臂31免遭異物衝擊之同時，藉由各該側 向開口 24直接地由側向排除進入各該流道23内粒徑較小 之砂石或污泥，以避免其淤積於各該流道23中。 各該感應計32同樣具有一光纖5、一形成於該光纖5 上之感應段51及一包覆該感應段51並固設於各該懸臂31 22 1230218 表面上之金屬膜52。因此當該等懸臂31其中任一懸臂3ι 又/瓜經各該流道23之水流81力量推動而相對於該支承柱 2活動時，设置於該懸臂31上之該感應計便能以該感 應段51量測該懸臂31之形變而測得該懸臂31之受力與 5 否及其受力之大小，進而獲得該水流81之水系資料。 如圖丨4所示，本發明水系監測裝置及其監測方法之 第四較佳實施例與上述第三較佳實施例大致相同，其差異 在於在本實施例中，各該感測器3為一網路電子攝影機， 以取代上述第二較佳實施例中各該懸臂31與各該感應計 10 32之組合。 在本實施例中，該支承柱2同樣具有該呈圓柱狀之本 體22，以及該等間隔地形成於該本體22上之流道23，以 及該等分別與各該流道23連通之側向開口 24。 各該定位點21則位於該本體22鄰近各該流道23處， 15 而该專感測器3則分別設置於各該位於該本體22鄰近各 該流道23處之定位點21上。各該感測器3具有一沒入該 本體22内之機體33及一設置於該機體33前端並伸入各 該對應之流道23内之鏡頭34。各該鏡頭34朝向各該對應 之侧向開口 24,以捕捉該流道23之水流81影像。該水系 20 監測裝置1更於鄰近各該感測器3處之該本體22上設置 有複數朝向各該對應之側向開口 24的發光光源3 5，以提 昇各該流道23内之照射光線，使各該流道23能在光線充 足的情況下’藉由各該感測器3清楚呈現各該流道23内 水流81狀況。在本實施例中，各該發光光源35為一發光 23 1230218 一極體，但並不以此為限，鉀如一般白熾燈泡或霓虹燈泡 等’也都能做為該等發光光源35使用。 值得一提的是，由於網路電子攝影機本身即能設定位 址（IP address)，故不須經由任何附加之電腦或上網設備， 便月b直接與現有寬頻網路進行連線。因此各該感測器3能 以一直接進入該本體22内之網路纜線，或者藉由無線上 網设備與現有寬頻網路連線，並藉由現有寬頻網路於任何 地點進行遠端監控。在本實施例中，各該資料擷取器（圖未 示）可以為一特殊設計之監視裝置，當然也可以是一與現有 寬頻網路連線之電腦。 此外，由於該等機體33均位於該本體22内，而各該 鏡頭34分別位於各該流道23内，且未突伸出各該流道以 範圍之外，因此各該感測器3能獲得該本體22相當良好 之保護，以增加耐久及耐用性。由於各該流道23為一形 成於該本體22側邊之開槽，而各該鏡頭34面對方向與各 該側向開口 24之開口方向相同，如此一來不僅能藉由各 該鏡頭34同時觀測各該流道23内外之水流81狀況外， 更能在保護各該鏡頭34免遭異物衝擊之同時，藉由各該 側向開口 24直接地由側向排除進入各該流道23内粒徑較 小之物體，以避免其淤積於各該流道23中。 因此當淤砂導致該河床面84逐漸升高，並淹沒該等 感測器3其中一感測器3 時，由於於砂將封閉該等流道 23中對應之一流道23’’’’，甚至進入該流道23，，，，内，此時 由鄰近該流道23，，，，之該感測器3，，，，，便能將該流道23，，，， 24 1230218 受於砂填滿之影像傳送至該資料擷取器，藉由量测人員由 該顯示幕或藉由電腦影像分析即能判斷出該河床面已 升高至該感測器3’’’’所在位置之定位點2ι以上。 同理，該水面82高度也能藉由如上述之方式，藉由 在水流81中之影像與在該水面82以上之影像的差異，及 各该定位點21已知之高度判斷出該水面82之高度。此 外，該水系監測系統1也能應用於如自然湖泊及人工水庫 等水流81速度較慢或流動方向不明顯處，且同樣能藉由 現有寬頻網路進行遠距離之長期監測。 當然，上述之感測器3也非以網路電子攝影機為限， 其他如超音波偵測器等能於水中使用之感測器，也都能應 用於本發明中，藉由量測該水流81之範圍，進而獲得該 水流81之各項水系資料。 惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之四較佳實施例而已，當 不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專 利範圍及發明說明書内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修 飾，皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是本發明水系監測裝置及其監測方法之第一較佳 實施例的一正視圖； 圖2疋该第一較佳實施例之一側視圖，說明該水系監 測裝置之設置方向； 圖3是該第一較佳實施例之一示意圖，說明該水系監 測裝置之系統架構； 25 1230218 圖4是該第一較佳實施例之一示意圖，說明該水系監 測裝置設置於一循環水道内； 圖5是沿圖1中之v-V剖面線之剖面圖； 圖6是沿圖1中之vi-VI剖面線之剖面圖； 圖7是該第一較佳實施例之一流程圖； 圖8是該第一較佳實施例之一關係圖，說明感測器之 波長偏移量與時間之關係； 圖9是該第一較佳實施例之一關係圖，說明水面與河 床面之高度與時間之關係； 圖10是本發明水系監測裝置及其監測方法之第二較 佳實施例的一流程圖； 圖11是該第二較佳實施例之一關係圖，說明感測器之 波長偏移量與時間之關係； 圖12是本發明水系監測裝置及其監測方法之第三較 佳實施例的一剖面圖； 圖13是該第三較佳實施例之一立體圖；及 圖14是本發明水系監測裝置及其監測方法之第四較 佳實施例的一部份剖面圖。 26 1230218 【圖式之主要元件代表符號說明】 1 水系監測裝置 53 核心 2 支承柱 54 外殼 21 定位點 55 光栅 22 本體 56 銲錫 23 流道 7 橋墩 24 側向開口 81 水流 3 感測器 82 水面 31 懸臂 83 河床 32 感應計 84 河床面 33 機體 85 基座 34 鏡頭 9 固定點 35 發光光源 90 循環水道 4 資料擷取器 91 儲水池 41 發射單元 92 進水塔 42 接收單元 93 揚水馬達 43 分析單元 94 試驗水槽 5 光纖 95 進水閥門 51 感應段 96 閘門 52 金屬膜 97 沉砂池 521第一包覆層 98 地下儲水槽 522第二包覆層 99 抽水機 100.102.104.106.108.110. 步驟 200.202.204.206.208.210.212 步驟 271230218 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof, and in particular, a water system monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof that can instantly measure water system data [previous technology] 10 15 , Taiwan ’s terrain is short, the mountains are high, and the over-exploitation of hillside land makes the formed rivers and lakes and artificially planned drainage and storage systems all face flood peaks_ short, the height of the flood peaks is high, and the rivers are cool and mixed1 Vermiculite & bed formation and excessive erosion and accumulation of water channels. In particular, rivers :: reservoirs; Yuji, further reducing the water storage and regulation capacity of the water system, causing frequent floods and droughts, causing serious livelihood problems; coupled with the surge in river water levels, bridges and rivers in the middle and lower reaches have been destroyed, Disasters such as dyke contact and flooding in low-lying areas of the city; and increased velocities caused by excessive erosion of riverbeds, loss of pier foundations, and bridge-collapse faults. It not only affects the transportation economy, but also poses a serious threat to human life and property. ^ Therefore, if the river system, lakes, drainage and storage systems and other water systems can be monitored, such as time-varying rates of low water levels and river bed scouring and siltation, it is possible to issue real-time warnings based on their real-time monitoring data. , And long-term changes and trends to propose countermeasures to protect the safety of life and property. At the same time, appropriate preventive measures can be implemented immediately by predicting the disaster situation to avoid the continuous deterioration of the disaster, thereby eliminating secondary disasters that may occur. It is even more capable of collecting long-term monitoring data to establish a complete water system database for future river and water conservancy system planning and remediation. 20 1230218, traditionally has a remote telemetry or automatic monitoring function, and is used to monitor the water level changes with lakes and drainage and water storage systems, etc., according to: the principle of measurement is mainly divided into two categories: buoy and electronic . A buoy-type water level gauge has a buoy that can float on the water surface, such as a buoy or a ball. By taking advantage of this, it can measure the position of the buoy and measure the level of the water to be measured. The electronic water level gauge is based on the principle that the probe's resistance or capacitance value changes when the probe is immersed in water due to the difference in the area in contact with the water. However, neither of the above two water level gauges can be directly placed on the river or drainage system for measurement. Instead, the river or drainage must be measured to measure the water level in the water area, and it should be guided to the water level gauge by a -connecting pipe. Where indirect measurements are taken. However, because the rivers and drainage systems such as sewers during the flood season contain impurities and floating materials, it is easy to block the communication pipe and cause the water level gauge to fail. For the erosion and sedimentation monitoring of riverbeds and ditches, traditionally, 15 ij is measured by gravity depth measuring device. The principle is to use-steel cable connection-sinker to detect the depth of the riverbed by lifting the sinker. Based on this, we can estimate the change of available bed, and then get the situation of river bed scour and accumulation. However, the gravity-type ice measuring device is unable to accurately grasp the position of the 20 'Erluo River bed, or even disturb it, due to the use of a steel rope to suspend the clock when its detection depth is too large. The surface of the depression after scouring of the riverbed loses the lightness of measuring the maximum scouring depth. Conversely, if the steel cable and sinker descending path are restricted and protected with -pipe fittings, the pipe fittings may be blocked by silt deposition. In addition, because the erosion and deposition of riverbeds is an important phenomenon common in rivers, the basic reason for erosion is 1230218. The sand transport is unbalanced. When the amount of incoming sand and the capacity of water flow and sand transport are equal, the sand transport is balanced. At this time, the riverbed appears unrushed. Unstable steady state; if the amount of incoming sand is greater than the capacity of sand, it will be accumulated, and the amount of incoming sand j will be scoured at this force, and the imbalance of sand transport will cause the river bed to change 5 10 15 Lateral and longitudinal cross-sections are changed, which in turn endangers structural foundations installed on riverbeds such as bridge foundations. Because the maximum exposed depth of the bridge foundation often occurs during flooding and scouring, this is the period when the bridge structure is most prone to disaster. After the flooding and scouring, the bridge foundation will generate reeling, but due to the bearing capacity provided by vermiculite It often fails to meet the original design requirements. Therefore, even after the on-site river bed height detection is performed, it is still impossible to know the complete scouring process and the maximum scouring depth experienced by the bridge foundation. Therefore, it must rely on the real-time monitoring device technology to solve the problem. This blind spot and problem. However, the above is used to measure the depth of erosion and deposition, and it is limited by manpower, as well as the influence of weather and traffic, and it is impossible to collect a large amount of data about the rapid and complete erosion process. Not only is it impossible to perform accurate and real-time monitoring ’, it is even more difficult to interpret the complete scouring process monitoring record and propose a correct evaluation of the bridge structure system and related hydraulic mechanisms. [Summary of the Invention] The main object of the present invention is to provide a water system monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof capable of real-time monitoring. Another object of the present invention is to provide a water system monitoring device and a monitoring method capable of performing a complete scouring measurement. Water system monitoring Another object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable measuring device and a monitoring method thereof. 20 1230218 The water system monitoring device of the present invention is arranged on a fixed point to obtain a water system data in a predetermined range extending up and down in the direction of the vertical water surface. The water system monitoring device includes a fixed device fixed at the fixed point and up and down in the vertical water surface direction. The extended support pillars and a plurality of sensors arranged on the support pillars at intervals of 5 directions in the vertical water surface within the predetermined range, so as to obtain water system data within the predetermined range. The method for applying the above water system monitoring device to the water surface height monitoring method includes the following steps: a) setting a plurality of sensors on a plurality of 10 positioning points within a predetermined range extending upward and downward from the water surface, respectively, etc. At least one of the sensors is located above the water surface; b) each of the sensors is used to determine the state of the water flow at each of the positioning points; and c) the height of the water surface is obtained based on the current state of the water at the positioning points. In addition, the method for applying the above-mentioned water system monitoring device to water flow monitoring 15 includes the following steps: a) setting a plurality of sensors at a plurality of positioning points within a predetermined range extending up and down in the vertical direction of the water flow; b) using these The sensors respectively measure the water flow velocity of each of the positioning points; and c) obtaining the water flow 20 velocity distribution within the predetermined range by the water flow velocity of the positioning points. In addition, the application of the above-mentioned water system monitoring device to the monitoring method of river bed scouring and sedimentation includes the following steps: a) setting a plurality of sensors on a plurality of positioning points within a predetermined range extending upward and downward from the river bed surface, At least one of the sensors is a 1230218 sensor buried below the river bed surface; b) each of the sensors is used to determine the water flow status of each of the positioning points; and C) the river bed is obtained from the water flow conditions of the positioning points. Face height. ▲ The effect of the present invention is to enable fast and large-scale collection of water system data with low cost, high reliability and accuracy devices and methods, in order to give full play to the effects of automation and real-time monitoring, and to achieve immediate and long-term water system performance. Effective monitoring to ensure the safety of life and property. [Embodiment] With regard to the foregoing and other technical contents, features, and effects of the present invention, the detailed description of the four preferred embodiments of the reference phase formula under T will be clearly understood. Before giving a detailed description, please note that in the following summary, similar elements are represented by the same number. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the first preferred embodiment of the water system monitoring device and the monitoring method of the present invention is a model test performed in a test circulating water channel as shown in FIG. “On the fixed point 9 in the circulating water channel 90“ by controlling the test conditions in the circulating water channel 90 ”to verify that the water system monitoring device 1 can accurately obtain the range extending up and down along the direction of the water surface 82 of a vertical flow 81 Water system information. -Hai water system & measuring device! Including a support ^ 2 fixed on the fixed point 9, two sensors 3 arranged on the support column 2 at intervals along the direction of the vertical water surface 82, and-data acquisition connected to these sensors 3 Taker 4. The support column 2 extends up and down along the direction of the vertical water surface 82, and is made of stainless steel f. However, it is not limited to this. For example, other metal materials, materials such as 5 or ceramic materials are suitable for outdoor installation. The material with wet 1230218 ambient conditions can replace stainless steel as the material for the support column 2. The sensors 3 are located in the predetermined range and are sighed on the supporting column 2 at equal distances from each other. Each of the sensors 3 has a fixing portion fixed on the supporting column 2 and extending in a direction parallel to the water surface 82. The cantilever 31 and an inductive meter 32 disposed on the cantilever 31 for measuring the force state of the cantilever 31. In this embodiment, the material of each of the cantilever arms 31 is the same as that of the support column 2, and are all stainless steel sheets made of stainless steel. Each of the inductive meters 32 is disposed at each of the cantilever 31 near the support column 2. Each of the inductive meters 32 has an optical fiber 5, an inductive section 51 formed on the optical fiber 5, and an inductive section 51 covering the inductive section 51. The metal film 52 fixed on the surface of each cantilever 31 makes each of the inductive meters 32 a good fiber-optic inductive meter fixed on each of the cantilever 3 丨. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, each of the optical fibers 5 has a core 53 for transmitting optical signals and a shell 54 covering the core 53 and having a lower refractive index than the ancient core 53. Each of the sensors 32 further has a fiber grating 55 formed on a core 53 of each of the current sensing sections 51. In this embodiment, the optical fibers 5 are connected in series with each other and the periods of the gratings 55 are different from each other. Therefore, by measuring the wavelength offset of the optical signal passing through each of the gratings 55, each corresponding induction can be obtained. The amount of elongation of the segment 51 further determines the deformation of the cantilever 31 of each pair. Therefore, in addition to each of the sensing sections η, each of the gratings 55 can be set to form a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor (FBG) for measurement based on the principle of light wavelength modulation. Principle and optical phase modulation principle, such as other types of sensors 1230218, such as non-essential Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensor (EFPI) and Brilliant Optical Time Domain Reflection Sensor (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflector sensor, BOTDR), etc .; Because there are many types of fiber-optic sensor meters, so I wo n’t go into details here. Each of the metal films 52 includes a first coating layer 521 covering each of the sensing sections 51, and a first coating layer 521 covering the first coating layer 521 and being soldered on the surface of each cantilever 31 with solder 56. Two coating layers 522. Each of the first cladding layers 521 is continuously covered on the outer peripheral surface of each of the sensing sections along the axis direction of each of the optical fibers 5 '. Its role is to provide a good combination between each of the sensing sections 51 and the subsequent second cladding layer 522. Bonding effect. In this embodiment, each of the first cladding layers 521 is a copper film with a thickness of 5 // m, but it is not limited to the thickness and material. Each of the first cladding layers 521 can also be vacuum sputtered Produced by plating, vacuum evaporation, ion plating, or any other conventional technique capable of forming a metal layer on a non-metallic surface. Each of the second cladding layers 522 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of each of the first cladding layers 521 so that each of the sensing sections 51 can be welded to each of the cantilevers 31 by other methods such as sputtering, evaporation, heat, etc. Diffusion bonding technology. In this embodiment, each of the second cladding layers 522 is a copper film with a thickness of 10 to 20 ”. The manufacturing method is to place the sensing section 51 of each of the optical fibers 5 in a copper solution. It is formed by the electroless plating method, but other electroplating 2 electroless plating methods are also applicable. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the reason why each of the first cladding layer and each of the second cladding layer 522 are different is used. The method of forming is mainly 1230218. I test the technology of forming the first cladding layer 521, such as vacuum sputtering. The cost is high, so the vacuum coating method is used to form each of the first cladding layers 521 with a minimum basic thickness that can be attached to each of the second cladding layers 522 on each of the sensing sections 51. Each of the second cladding layers 522 is formed by other low electroless or electroplating methods, so that each of the sensing sections 51 can be welded on the surface of each of the cantilevers 31 by welding. However, in its modification, naturally, all the metal films 52 on the outer edges of each of the sensing sections 51 can also be formed at once by the technique of forming the first-cladding layers 521, that is, without the first coating layer 521 and the first · The distinction between the two cladding layers 522. Since each of the metal films 52 and each of the sensing sections _ 51 are well gripped, each of the metal films 52 is welded to each of the cantilever 31, and when each of the cantilever 31 is disturbed by each of the metal films 52 The resulting deformation is transmitted to each of the sensing sections 5 丨 intact. Therefore, when any of the cantilever 31 1 is moved by the force of the water flow 8 丨 relative to the support column 2, the violation induction 4 3 2 provided on the cantilever η can be measured with the induction section 51. The deformation of the cantilever 31 determines the force of the cantilever 31 and the magnitude of the force, and then determines whether the cantilever 31 is covered by the water flow 81. ® Since the 4 sensor 32 is used to measure each of the cantilever 3 1 affected by the disturbance of the water and current 81, those skilled in the art can infer, such as displacement meters, inclinometers, speedometers, and accelerometers. As long as the sensor 32 can sense the change in the state of the cantilever 31's force, it can replace the optical fiber strain gauge disclosed in this embodiment. Furthermore, since there are many types of various types of sensor meters 32, and the sensor meters 32 made of optical fibers are not limited, each of the sensor juices 32 in this embodiment can of course be replaced by electronic sensor meters 32. 11 123〇2l8 As shown in FIG. 3, the data acquisition device 4 is used to collect water data measured by each sensor. In this implementation, the data acquisition device * has a fiber 5 connected to the sensors 32 and used to emit optical signals into each of the optical fibers 5 of the unit 41. It is also the same as the fiber 2 of the sensor 5 A receiving element 42 connected and used to receive optical signals passing through each of the optical fibers 5, and an analysis unit 43 connected to the receiving unit 42. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the following is the monitoring of the complete scouring process including the water surface rising, river bed scouring, river bed backlogging, water surface falling and other stages due to the above-mentioned circulating water channel 90 kg to explain the water surface height and Monitoring method for erosion and deposition of Ke bed. First, the circulation channel 90 used in the test is briefly introduced. The circulating water channel 90 has a water storage tank 91, a water inlet tower 92 connected to the water storage 91, and a water tank 91 and the water inlet 92. Water pump 93, a test water tank 94 connected to the water inlet tower, a water inlet valve 95 near the head of the test water tank 94, a gate 96 near the end of the test water tank 94, and a gate 96 through the gate 96 and The test gutter 94 is connected to a grit chamber 97 and an underground water storage tank 98 for collecting water overflowing from the grit tank 97. The water in the underground water storage tank 98 can be pumped to the water storage tank 91 by a water pump 99 for recycling. Therefore, when the storage water in the water storage tank 91 is pumped to the higher water inlet tower 92 by the pumping motor 93, the height difference, the water inlet valve 95 and the gate 96 can be used to control the water flow 81 to set the water level. The height of 82 and the flow velocity flow from the head end to the tail end of the test water tank 94. In this embodiment, the slope of the test water tank 94 is 3%, and the test water tank 94 contains sandstone with a particle size smaller than 3 mm to simulate a river bed 83. The river bed 83 forms a river bed surface 12 1230218 84, and the Below the river bed surface 84, a base 85 formed with the fixing point 9 is further buried, for the support column 2 of the delta water system monitoring device i to be set and positioned thereon. For convenience of explanation and discussion, the sensors 3 are named as the first sensor 3, the second sensor 3, and the third sensor from the farthest _ 5 base 85 in this order. Sensor 3, ',. During the flow of the water flow 81 through the test water tank 94, the 'water system monitoring device i performs the water surface height and scouring and accumulation monitoring method, as shown in FIG. 7, including the following steps: Step 100, as shown in FIG. I and FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the water system monitoring device i 10 is set on the fixed point 9 as described above, so that the support column 2 extends from below the river bed surface 84 to above the water surface 82, and the support column 2 is more than the extension of the water supply monitoring device. A plurality of positioning points 21 where no such sensors 3 are disposed are formed in the range of 疋. During the entire monitoring process, the fixed point 9 is always lower than the river bed surface 84. In the initial state, the first sensor 3, the second sensor 3 ", and the 15th third sensor 3" “All are located above the river surface 84, and the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 3” are further located above the water surface 82. Of course, if scouring monitoring can be performed in the initial state, at least one of the sensors 3 may be disposed below the river bed surface 84. In step 102, as shown in FIG. 3, the transmitting device 41 emits a light signal 20 and enters the sensing sections 51 of the sensors 32 of the water system monitoring device 1. In step 104, the receiving unit 42 receives the optical signals passing through the sensing sections 51 of the sensors 32. In this embodiment, the same side as the transmitting device 41 receives the reflection signal reflected by the light booth 5 5 (see FIG. 5) of each of the sensing sections 51. As is known to those skilled in the art, the transmission ′ number through the grating 55 can also be received by the side opposite to the transmitting device 13 1230218 41. In step 106, the deformation of each cantilever 31 is measured by the analysis unit 43 with the light signal passing through the grating 55. Since the deformation of each cantilever 31 is generated by the impact force of water μ81, it can pass through each The wavelength shift of the optical signal of the grating 5 is obtained by the deformation of each cantilever 31 to obtain its force change, and then the states of the water flow 81 of each of the positioning points 21 can be determined by the sensors 3 respectively. Step 108, as shown! As shown in FIG. 2, the instantaneous height of the water surface 82 and the instantaneous height of the river bed surface 84 are obtained based on the conditions of the water flow 81 at the positioning points 21. 10 Step 110, repeating steps 1 through 10, can obtain the diachronic changes in the height of the water surface 82 and the river bed surface 84 during the complete scouring process. As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 together, from the test results of the water system monitoring device, it can be known that the scouring process can be divided into the following beginning to the second second as the initial stage, at which time the water flow is 81 to 22 and 15 ㈣water system monitoring device 1 At this time, since the water system monitoring device 1 is momentarily affected by the water flow 81 from a stationary state, the stress and vibration state is complicated, and it is not the one to be analyzed in this test, so this part of the data is not included in the discussion. The 100th to 300th seconds are stored as the first stage J. At this time, since only the third sensor 3 of the sensors 3 has a flutter phenomenon, it can be known that: the flow 0811 has hit the third Sensor 3 ", but since the first-sensor 3, and the second: the readings of the sensor 3" remain stable, indicating that it is not affected by the water flow 81, so the water surface 82 is lower than the first sensor Device 3, and the second sensor 3 "are located between, and located between the second sensor 3" and the third sensor 3 ", and the river bed surface 84 can be pushed lower than the third sensor 3 ,,, where. 1230218 The second stage of work is performed from the 300th to the 500th second. At this time, due to the second sensor 3, and the third sensor 3 of the sensors 3 ,, Both have the phenomenon of wavelength shift and flutter, and the reading of the first sensor 3 remains stable, so it can be known that the height of the water surface 82 at this time has risen to the first sensor 3 and the second sensor. State 3, and the height of the river bed surface 84 is still lower than the third sensor 3 ,. From the 500th to the 650th second is the third stage I. At this time, the reading of the first sensor is 3, and the reading is still maintained. Stable while the second sensor 3, still There is a wavelength shift and a flutter phenomenon, so it can be pushed that the height of the water surface 82 is still between the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 3 ″ at this time. The third sensor 3 ,, although the reading obtained has changed, it has stabilized, indicating that the sand and gravel have gradually backlogged and flooded the third sensor 3, so that the cantilever 31 "is restrained and makes the The amount of deformation measured by the sensor 32 '' 'is gradually stable, so it can be seen that the height of the riverbed fabric has gradually exceeded the position of the third sensor 3' ''. From the 650th to the 1080th second is the fourth Phase IV. At this time, the number of the first sensor 3 is still stable, so it can be seen that the height of the water surface 82 is still lower than the position of the first sensor 3 '. The readings of the third sensor 3, and are relatively comparable. It is stable, and the reading of the first sensor 3 ″ is gradually stabilized despite the deviation. The surface sand has been backed up and submerged near the position of the second sensor 3 ″, so it can be seen that the river bed 84 height has reached Beyond the second sensor 3 ,. The fifth stage ν is from 1080 seconds to 1100 seconds. At this time, the reading of the _ sensor 3 'is still stable, which means that the height of the water surface 82 is still lower than the position of the first sensor 3'. However, the reading of the second sensor 3 ′, began to tremble, and the reading of the third sensor 3 ′, remained stable, so it can be seen that the height of the river bed 84 has fallen below the second sensor. The position of 3 ”15 1230218 is set. From the _ second to the 1250 second is the sixth stage νι, at this time the reading of the first sensor 3 remains stable, and the reading of the second sensor 3” is also determined by Yan The movement quickly enters a stable state, so it can be known that the height of the water surface 82 has dropped to the center of the 5th sensor 3 ”. At this time, the readings of the third sensor 3, and 'begin to shift, so it can be seen that the river bed surface The height of 84 has dropped to the position of the third sensing thin 3 "'. ° From the 50th to the 1450s, the seventh phase is νπ. At this time, the readings of the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 3 ″ are both stable, and the third sensor 10 ″ is The reading is obviously tremor, so it can be known that the height of the water surface 82 has been lowered between the second sensor 3 ', and the third sensor 3', and the height of the river bed surface 84 has fallen below the first. Three sensors 3 ", where they are. From the 1450th to 1700th is the eighth stage νιπ, at this time the first sensor 3, the second sensor 3" 'and the third sensor The readings of 3 ”and 15 are both stable and stable. Based on the analysis results of the previous stage, it can be seen that the water surface 82 and the river bed surface 84 have been lowered to the position of the third sensor 3, at this time. The invention of a water system monitoring device 丨 and its monitoring method can indeed monitor the water surface height and the river bed scouring and siltation, and the water system monitoring device 1 of the present invention has a simple structure and no connection of any mechanical action, so it is easy to assemble and replace, Quite durable and reliable, and will greatly Low production and maintenance costs. And because each of the inductive meters 32 measures each of the cantilever 31 through a grating 55 formed on each of the optical fibers 5, and each metal film 52 is covered outside the induction section 51 'So it can prevent the external environment such as electromagnetic fields, temperature and humidity, and 16 1230218 floating objects in the water from affecting the interference, making the water monitoring device j has excellent weather resistance and durability, low failure rate and longer In addition, since the optical fibers 5 of the inductive meters 32 are connected in series, and the gratings 55 formed in the inductive sections 51 have different periods, all the inductive meters can be completed by transmitting only one optical signal. The measurement of 32 fully achieves the shortening of the I measurement time and the improvement of the sampling frequency, which makes the relative reaction speed faster and effectively increases the page alarm time, which is expected to achieve the effect of real-time monitoring. Of course, as those skilled in the art can understand, these The optical fiber 5 of the sensor meter 32 can also be connected in parallel with the data acquisition device 4, whether it is optical coupling || (@not shown) at the same time transmitting optical signals into each of the sensor meter 32, or high frequency The method of transmitting light signals separately into each of the sensor meters 32 'can also achieve the effect of real-time monitoring. In addition, because the data acquisition device 4 measures the optical wavelength offset and performs photoelectric conversion to obtain digital The information is analyzed and monitored, so the water system monitoring device 1 can not only perform fast on-site monitoring, but also easily use the existing broadband network facilities for automated remote monitoring, and the water system data obtained by each optical signal measurement Both can be regarded as being paid at the same time, so it has the advantages of real-time monitoring and a large amount of fast data collection. The second preferred embodiment of the water monitoring device and monitoring method of the present invention is substantially the same as the first preferred embodiment described above, such as As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the water system monitoring test is also performed during the process of the water flow 81 flowing through the test water tank 94 through the water system monitoring device 丨 and the circulating water channel 90, and the difference lies in this embodiment. One of the water flow speeds is monitored by the water system monitoring device, and the flow speed of the water flow 81 is implemented relative to the first preferred 17 1230218 described above. The speed of the water flow 81 is slow, and no gravel is placed in the test water tank 94. As shown in FIG. 10, the water flow monitoring method includes the following steps: Step 200, the above-mentioned water system monitoring device j is set on the fixed Point 9. This step is substantially the same as that of the first preferred embodiment (see Fig. 7). The support post 2 has a plurality of ridge sites 21 provided with the delta sensor 3 within a predetermined range of extension. The difference from step 1) above is that, in the initial state, the first sensor 3, the second sensor 3, and the third sensor 3 '' 'are all above the water surface 82. In step 202, a light signal is transmitted by the transmitting device 41 and enters the sensing sections 51 of the sensors 32 of the water monitoring device 1. In step 204, the receiving unit 42 receives the optical signals passing through the sensing sections 51 of the sensors 32. In step 206, the analysis unit 43 measures the deformation of each cantilever 31 with a light signal passing through the grating 55 (see FIG. 5). Since the deformation of each cantilever 31 is generated by the impact force of the water flow 81, it can be borrowed The deformation of each of the cantilevers 31 is obtained from the wavelength drift of the light signal passing through each of the gratings 55, and then the force change thereof is obtained, and the velocity of the water flow 81 is measured by the change of the force of each cantilever 31. Because the bending deformation of the cantilever 31 in the range of the water flow 81 is directly proportional to the force of the water flow 81, and the impact force of the water flow 81 is directly proportional to the speed of the water flow 81, if a standard flow rate juice (not shown) After the sensors 3 are calibrated, the water flow speeds of the positioning points 21 can be measured by the sensors 3 respectively. Step 208: Obtain a real-time water flow 8 1 velocity distribution within a predetermined range of 18 1230218 at the speed of the water flow 81 at each of the positioning points 21, and judge the range covered by the water flow 81 in the direction of the vertical water flow 81, that is, the test water tank 94 The height from the bottom surface to the water surface 82 of the water flow 81. Step 210: Calculate the water flow based on the range 5 and velocity distribution covered by the water flow 81 in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction. Since the height of the water surface 82 of the water flow 81 can be obtained in step 208 and the cross-sectional width of the test water tank 94 is known, the speed of the water flow 81 of the positioning points 21 measured by the sensors 3 can be calculated. Water flow per unit time. In step 212, repeating steps 202 to 210, the variation of the velocity and distribution of the water flow 81 in the test 10, and the water flow rate during the entire test can be obtained. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 11, from the test results, it can be known that the first stage from the start of the test to the 300th second. At this time, although the water flow starts to flow, because these sensors 3 do not have any facial movement. It can be seen that the height of the water surface 82 is still lower than the third sensor 3 ", which is not affected by the water flow 81. The second stage π is from 300 to 750 seconds. At this time, because only the third sensor 3 "of these sensors 3 has a wavelength shift phenomenon, the readings of the first sensor 3 'and the second sensor" 3 "remain stable, so Γ 20 It is known that the height of the water surface 82 at this time has risen to between the second sensor 3 ″ and the third sensor: 3 ′ ′ ′. σ is the third order # m from the 750th second to the first _second. At this time, the reading of the third sensor 3 ′ remains stable, and the second sensor 3 ”and the third sensor 3” have wavelength deviations. This phenomenon can be inferred that the water surface at this time = 1230218 between the first sensor 3 'and the second sensor 3' '; and because the wavelength offset of the second sensor 3' 'is greater than The wavelength offset of the third sensor 3, represents the deformation of the cantilever 31 of the second sensor 3, which is adjacent to the water surface 82, and is larger than that of the first sensor adjacent to the bottom surface of the test water tank 94 (see FIG. 4). The amount of deformation of the cantilever 31 of the three sensors 3, 3, so it can be known that the speed of the water flow 81 where the second sensor 3, where it is located is greater than the speed of the water flow 81 where the third sensor 3, where it is located. 1000 seconds to 1200 seconds is the fourth stage IV. At this time, the wavelength shift of the first sensor 3 ′ also occurs, and the wavelength shift is greater than that of the second sensor 3 ″ and the third sensor. The wavelength offset of the sensor 3 '", so not only can we know that the height of the water surface 82 has exceeded the position of the first sensor 3', but also the water flow 81 where the first sensor 3 'is located. The speed is greater than the speed of the water flow 81 where the second sensor 3 and the second sensor 3 '' 'are located. Please note that the wavelength offset of the second sensor 3' 'is still greater than the third sensor 3, The wavelength offset reflects that the velocity of the water stream 81 at different heights is significantly different, and the velocity closer to the water surface 82 is faster, and the velocity closer to the bottom of the test tank material 81 is slower; at the same time, the second sense The wavelength offset of the third sensor 3, and the third sensor 3 '' 'in this fourth stage IV is greater than the wavelength offset of itself in the third stage III, which shows the whole of the water flow 81 The speed is increased at the same time. From the above, it can be seen that the water monitoring device of the present invention and the monitoring method thereof can simultaneously monitor the water surface 82 height and the water flow 81 speed. Not only is the construction bucket price low, but it is also quite durable and reliable. The monitoring device and method for 82 height and water flow 81 speed will greatly measure the complexity of the process and the safety risks of human shellfish. It is worth mentioning that 20 1230218 is the water system monitoring device! and & 8i The speed record obtained by the speed distribution can be used for flood prevention and early warning, which makes it more proactive in preventing floods, and it can effectively increase downstream and low levels. The early warning time in the area has indeed achieved the effect of flood prevention early warning. In addition, the above-mentioned water system monitoring device i and monitoring method can also be applied to long-term monitoring, which summarizes and arranges the water system data obtained for a long time, in order to benefit water resources and environmental protection. Evaluation; _ Because it can use the data acquisition device 4 for automated and digital monitoring, whether it is real-time monitoring or long-term tracking and tracking, can greatly reduce the cost and manpower requirements. Figure 12 and As shown in FIG. 13, the third preferred embodiment of the water system monitoring device and the monitoring method of the present invention is substantially the same as the first preferred embodiment described above, and the difference lies in the structure and setting of the water system monitoring device in this embodiment. The way has changed. In this embodiment, the fixing point 9 is located on a bridge pier 7, so the support column 2 is directly locked on the bridge pier 7; and the support column 2 has a cylindrical shape extending up and down along the vertical water surface 82 A main body 22 and a plurality of flow channels 23 formed on the main body 22 at intervals along the direction of the vertical water surface 82 and through which water flows. Each of the flow channels 23 penetrates the body 22 in a direction parallel to the water flow 81, and the support column 2 is further formed with a plurality of side openings 24 communicating with the respective flow channels 23, and the opening directions of the side openings 24 are simultaneously Perpendicular to the direction of the water flow 81 and the water surface 82; so that each of the flow channels 23 and each of the side openings 24 matched with it form a slot on the side 21 2130218 of the body 22. In this way, not only can the smooth flow of water flowing through each of the flow channels 23 be ensured, but also it is possible to prevent the smaller-grained sand or sludge from accumulating in each of the flow channels 23. Each of the positioning points 21 is located in the body 22 adjacent to each of the flow channels 2; 3, and the sensors 3 are respectively disposed at each of the positioning points 21 and located in each of the flow channels 23 to sense the flow The water flow 81 passing through the flow channel 23. Since each of the sensors 3 is located in each of the flow channels 23 and does not protrude beyond the range of each of the flow channels 23, it can be protected by the body 22 to prevent the volume and weight from being suspended in the water flow 81. Foreign objects 10 such as large hard blocks, gravel, or driftwood hit each of the sensors 3 and cause damage. This increases the durability and financial performance of the water system monitoring device 1. Each of the sensors 3 has a cantilever 3 1 fixed on the body 22 and extending parallel to the corresponding lateral openings 24, and a cantilever 3 1 provided on the cantilever 31 for measuring the cantilever 31. Force sensor 32. Each of the cantilevers 31 is accommodated in each of the flow channels 23 and does not protrude outside the flow channels 23, so that it can obtain fairly good protection. Furthermore, each of the flow channels 23 is a slot formed on the side of the body 22, and the direction of each of the lateral openings 24 is the same as the direction of extension of each of the cantilevers 31, so that not only can each of the cantilevers 31 correctly sense Out of the water flow 81 flowing through each of the flow channels 23, more than 20, while protecting each of the cantilevers 31 from the impact of foreign objects, the lateral openings 24 are directly removed from the side to enter the inner particles of each of the flow channels 23. Smaller diameter gravel or sludge to prevent it from accumulating in each of the flow channels 23. Each of the sensor meters 32 also has an optical fiber 5, a sensing section 51 formed on the optical fiber 5, and a metal film 52 covering the sensing section 51 and fixed on the surface of each of the cantilevers 31 22 1230218. Therefore, when any one of the cantilever 31 cantilever is pushed by the force of the water flow 81 of each of the flow channels 23 and moves relative to the support column 2, the induction meter provided on the cantilever 31 can use the induction The segment 51 measures the deformation of the cantilever 31 to measure the force of the cantilever 31 and the magnitude of the force, and then obtains the water system data of the water flow 81. As shown in FIG. 4, the fourth preferred embodiment of the water system monitoring device and the monitoring method of the present invention is substantially the same as the third preferred embodiment described above. The difference is that in this embodiment, each of the sensors 3 is A network electronic camera replaces the combination of each of the cantilever 31 and each of the sensor meters 10 32 in the second preferred embodiment described above. In this embodiment, the support column 2 also has the cylindrical body 22, the flow channels 23 formed on the body 22 at intervals, and the lateral directions communicating with the flow channels 23, respectively. Opening 24. Each of the positioning points 21 is located on the main body 22 adjacent to each of the flow channels 23, and the specialized sensors 3 are respectively disposed on each of the positioning points 21 on the main body 22 adjacent to each of the flow channels 23. Each of the sensors 3 has a body 33 that is submerged in the body 22 and a lens 34 that is disposed at the front end of the body 33 and extends into each corresponding flow channel 23. Each of the lenses 34 faces each of the corresponding side openings 24 to capture an image of the water flow 81 of the flow channel 23. The water system 20 monitoring device 1 is further provided on the body 22 adjacent to each of the sensors 3 with a plurality of light-emitting light sources 35 directed toward each of the corresponding side openings 24 to enhance the irradiated light in each of the flow channels 23 , So that each of the flow channels 23 can clearly present the condition of the water flow 81 in each of the flow channels 23 through each of the sensors 3 in a case where the light is sufficient. In this embodiment, each of the light-emitting light sources 35 is a light-emitting 23 1230218 polar body, but it is not limited thereto, and potassium such as a general incandescent light bulb or a neon light bulb can also be used as the light-emitting light sources 35. It is worth mentioning that because the network electronic camera itself can set the IP address, it is not necessary to connect to the existing broadband network directly through any additional computer or Internet device. Therefore, each of the sensors 3 can be directly connected to the network cable in the main body 22, or connected to an existing broadband network through a wireless Internet access device, and remotely performed at any place through the existing broadband network. monitor. In this embodiment, each of the data acquisition devices (not shown) can be a specially designed monitoring device, and of course, it can also be a computer connected to an existing broadband network. In addition, since the bodies 33 are located in the body 22, and each of the lenses 34 is located in each of the flow channels 23, and does not protrude beyond the range of each of the flow channels, each of the sensors 3 can The body 22 is fairly well protected to increase durability and durability. Since each of the flow channels 23 is a slot formed on the side of the body 22, and the facing direction of each lens 34 is the same as the opening direction of each of the lateral openings 24, so that not only can each of the lenses 34 Simultaneously observe the condition of the water flow 81 inside and outside each of the flow channels 23, while protecting each of the lenses 34 from foreign objects, the lateral openings 24 are directly excluded from each of the flow channels 23 while being laterally excluded. Objects with a smaller particle size are prevented from accumulating in each of the flow channels 23. Therefore, when the silt causes the river bed surface 84 to gradually rise and flood one of the sensors 3, the corresponding one of the flow channels 23 will be closed due to the sand in the sand. Even when entering the flow channel 23 ,,,, and at this time, the sensor 3 ,,,, and the flow channel 23 ,,,, 24 can be subjected to the flow channel 23 ,,,, 24 1230218. The sand-filled image is transmitted to the data acquisition device, and the measurement personnel can determine from the display screen or by computer image analysis that the river bed surface has been raised to the position of the sensor 3`` '' The anchor point is 2m or more. In the same way, the height of the water surface 82 can also be determined by the difference between the image in the water flow 81 and the image above the water surface 82 and the known height of each positioning point 21 in the manner described above. height. In addition, the water system monitoring system 1 can also be applied to places such as natural lakes and artificial reservoirs where the flow speed 81 is slow or the direction of the flow is not obvious, and it can also be used for long-term long-term monitoring through existing broadband networks. Of course, the above-mentioned sensor 3 is not limited to a network electronic camera, and other sensors that can be used in water such as an ultrasonic detector can also be applied in the present invention by measuring the water flow 81 range, and then obtain various water system data of the water flow 81. However, the above are only the four preferred embodiments of the present invention. When the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application and the content of the invention specification of the present invention , All should still fall within the scope of the invention patent. [Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a front view of a first preferred embodiment of a water system monitoring device and a monitoring method of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a side view of the first preferred embodiment, illustrating the water system monitoring device Setting direction; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first preferred embodiment, illustrating the system architecture of the water system monitoring device; 25 1230218 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the first preferred embodiment, illustrating the water system monitoring device being disposed at Inside a circulating water channel; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the vV section line in FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the vi-VI section line in FIG. 1; and FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the first preferred embodiment Figure 8 is a relationship diagram of the first preferred embodiment, illustrating the relationship between the wavelength offset of the sensor and time; Figure 9 is a relationship diagram of the first preferred embodiment, illustrating the water surface and the river bed Relationship between surface height and time; Figure 10 is a flowchart of the second preferred embodiment of the water system monitoring device and monitoring method of the present invention; Figure 11 is a relationship diagram of the second preferred embodiment, illustrating sensing The relationship between the wavelength offset of the device and the time; Figure 12 A sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of the water system monitoring device and monitoring method of the present invention; FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the third preferred embodiment; and FIG. 14 is a first view of the water system monitoring device and monitoring method of the present invention. Partial sectional view of the four preferred embodiments. 26 1230218 [Description of the main components of the diagram] 1 Water system monitoring device 53 Core 2 Support column 54 Housing 21 Anchor point 55 Grating 22 Body 56 Solder 23 Flow channel 7 Pier 24 Side opening 81 Water flow 3 Sensor 82 Water surface 31 Cantilever 83 Riverbed 32 Inductive meter 84 Riverbed 33 Body 85 Base 34 Lens 9 Fixing point 35 Luminous light source 90 Circulating channel 4 Data acquisition unit 91 Reservoir 41 Launch unit 92 Intake tower 42 Receiving unit 93 Ascension motor 43 Analysis unit 94 Test Water tank 5 Optical fiber 95 Water inlet valve 51 Induction section 96 Gate 52 Metal film 97 Grit tank 521 First cladding layer 98 Underground water storage tank 522 Second cladding layer 99 Pump 100. 102. 104. 106. 108. 110. Step 200. 202. 204. 206. 208. 210. 212 Step 27