TW569007B - A method for measuring the total concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in oxygen by means of ion mobility spectrometry - Google Patents
A method for measuring the total concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in oxygen by means of ion mobility spectrometry Download PDFInfo
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- TW569007B TW569007B TW091107488A TW91107488A TW569007B TW 569007 B TW569007 B TW 569007B TW 091107488 A TW091107488 A TW 091107488A TW 91107488 A TW91107488 A TW 91107488A TW 569007 B TW569007 B TW 569007B
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001871 ion mobility spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/622—Ion mobility spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/005—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods investigating the presence of an element by oxidation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/24—Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance or other spin effects or mass spectrometry
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- Immunology (AREA)
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
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Description
569007 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A 7 _ B7_五、發明説明(Ο 本發明係關於藉由離子移動光譜測定法測量氧中一氧 化碳及烴之總濃度的方法。 在積體電路工業中氧常廣泛地使用做爲反應氣體,以 產生氧化物層,而在電路不同活性部份之間作用爲電絕緣 體。如眾所週知,在這些裝置的製造中,所有使用物質的 純度基本上是很重要的;而事實上,可能存在於反應劑或 反應環境中之污染物都會掺入固態的裝置中,因此而改變 彼等之電的特性並引起生產廢料。在製造過程中所用之氣 體規格可隨不同的製造者而改變,並視氣體所用之特定方 法而定。通常’當其雜質含量不超過10 ppb(十億分之一, 也就是說,每109個總氣體分子一個雜質分子);以製造目的 而言,都是可接受的;較佳地,雜質含量係低於1 ppb。因 此,以精確及再現性的方式來測量氣體中極低之雜質濃度 的可行性就變得很重要。 已使用於此一目的之技術是離子移動光譜測定法,在 此藝中係以縮寫IMS爲人所熟知;相同的縮寫也可用在進 行此技術之儀器上,在此情況下乃標示爲”離子移動光譜 測定計”。此技術令人感興趣的是在於其極高的靈敏度,及 儀器的有限尺寸和成本;藉由在合適條件下操作,即可於 一氣體介質中以微微克(pg,亦即克)之量或兆分之一 (ppt,相當於每1012個試樣氣體分子一個待分析物質之分子) .之譜的濃度,偵測到氣體或蒸氣相中的物質。舉例之,吾 人所用之IMS儀器及分析方法係揭示於讓‘渡于美國公司PCP Inc·的美國專利第5,457,326案號及第5,955,886案號。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公着)' 一 -4- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 569007 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明(2) 此技術之物理化學背景相當複雜,恰如IMS分析結果 的解釋一般。爲了解說這些背景及結果,可參閱G.A. Eiceman 及 Z. Karpas 之 ”Ion Mobility Spectrometry” 一書, CRC Press公司1994年發行。 簡述之,IMS儀器基本上係由反應區、分離區及荷電 粒子收集器所組成。 在反應區內,該含有待分析氣體或蒸氣的試樣將會在 載劑氣體中發生通常是藉由63Ni發射出/3放射線的電離作用 。電離作用主要係發生在載劑氣體上,而形成所謂的”反應 物離子”,然後其電荷會視其電子或質子親和力或其電離勢 而分佈到既存之物質上。 反應區係藉由柵條而區隔出分離區,當維持在一合適 電勢時,該榨條可防止反應區所產生之離子進入分離區。 分析上”零時刻”係建立在榨條電勢取消時,讓離子通過分離 區的那一瞬間。 分離區包含一系列的電極,其可製造一讓離子從柵條 運送到收集器之電場。在此區域中係維持在大氣壓力下, 氣體流和離子移動的方向是呈相反的。逆流之氣體(此範圍 內乃定義爲υ飄移氣體”)是一非常純的氣體,其可相當於待 測量雜質含量之氣體,或相當於另一氣體。離子移動速率 將視電場及相同離子在氣態介質中的橫切面而定,如此不 同離子就需不同的時間越過分離區,以及到達粒子收集器 。從”零時刻”至到達粒子收集器之時刻,其所流逝的時間稱 爲”飛行時間”。收集器係連接到訊號處理系統(其可將目前 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐〉 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
-5- 569007 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3) 感知到的數値變成以時間爲函數之最終圖表),其中相對應 到不同離子的峰乃顯示爲”飛行時間”的函數;從此時間點的 測量及試驗條件的了解,要追蹤到分析目標物的存在是可 行的,然而,從峰面積中經由合適的運算法則也可計算出 相對應物質之濃度。 在最共通的模式中,IMS分析法係在帶有正電荷之物 質上進行。而相反地,在氧的情況下則是於反應區形成負 電物質。在此條件下(負電模式),IMS分析法則只能運送具 有電子親和力高過氧的物質,然後,從此氣體中接收到一 電荷;其基本上是發生於二氧化碳,(:〇2的情況中。所以, 分析氧中的雜質便會受到限制。這些物質在氧中的濃度, 較有興趣測量的,舉例之,是一氧化碳,CO、及烴,尤其 是甲烷,CH4。 本發明之目的是提供一種藉由離子移動光譜測定法測 量氧中CO及烴之總濃度的方法。 根據本發明係,該目的可經由一包括如下操作步驟之 方法而達成: a) 將存在於氧氣流中之一氧化碳及烴轉化成二氧化碳; b) 在如步驟a)之轉化後,測量二氧化碳在氧中的濃度 ;以及 c) 從步驟b)之測量中,推衍出一氧化碳及烴之總起初 濃度。 根據本發明之第二個具體實際例,其是使用最初已含 有二氧化碳做爲雜質的氧爲例子(此狀態可經由執行氧之初 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •裝.
、1T 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -6 - 569007 A7 -_ 五、發明説明() 17 粒子收集器 18 裝置 19 光譜 Vi 三向閥 v2 三向閥 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明將參考唯一之圖(示意性地顯示一可實施本發明 方法之系統)而於下文中說明。 根據本發明之方法,該在氧中無法藉由標準IMS分析 法偵測到之CO及烴,可定量地轉化爲二氧化碳,c〇2,相 反地,其在此分析中便可測量得到。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明方法可藉使用如圖1所示之氣體處理系統而實施 。系統1 0包括有,供待檢之氣體用的入口管線11 ;延著管 線Π放置一可將CO及烴轉化成C〇2之系統12 ;系統10可進 一步包括上游及下游之系統1 2、兩個三向閥,V!及V2,其 可從氣體流中將系統12隔開,而延著第二管線11’使氣體流 偏離。IMS分析器13則包括反應區14、經由榨條16而隔開之 分離區15 ;與區14反方向的區15末端,則放置粒子收集器 17(並無進一步說明,如顯示般,其係像供”飛行氣體”用之 入口及出口);收集器是以電的方式接連到裝置18上,其含 有一電子部份,可將來自收集器1 7之電脈衝轉換成數字資 料,以及一運算部份(例如微處理器)以處理這些資料;裝置 18也可依物理方式與IMS儀器整合成單一個體;最後,裝 置18會產生一光譜19做爲分析結果,其中所記錄之峰乃相 對應爲不同的的化學物資(彼等是以在儀器1 3中的飛行時間 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 569007 A7 B7 ' -g 五、發明説明() 爲函數而運送)。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 在如本發明方法之第一個具體實際例中,進入系統i 〇 之整個執热流係藉由合適之操作閥V1及V2而送入轉化系統 12 ’接著進行C◦及烴之轉化反應,而該所處理之氣體將被 送進IMS分析器13內,以進行分析。 在如本發明方法之第二個具體實際例中,操作步驟b) 係如第一個具體實際例的情形進行,而操作步驟b,)則是藉 將進入系統1 0之整個氧氣流經由管線1 1 ’送入分析器丨3中而 進行’在此例子中也是藉由合適之操作閥7!及V2來格開系 統1 2。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 供使CO及烴轉化成C〇2之系統12包含至少一個氧化催 化劑化合物;此類化合物最好是持續不斷地再生,因爲C〇 及烴會以微量存在於幾乎完全由氧組成之大氣中。舉例之 ,可用於此轉化反應之催化劑化合物是某些貴金屬的氧化 物,例如釕、铑、鈀及鉑;其中又以氧化鈀,PdO爲較佳 。Pd◦的最佳操作溫度係在約200至約35 0°C之間。氧化鈀或 供C0及烴轉化之含此化合物的更完整系統皆已商品化,如 Applicant公司、德國公司 Deguss-Huls AG及美國公司 Engelhand Co所販售者。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 569007 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A8 Β8 C8 D8六、申請專利範圍q 1·一種藉由離子移動光譜測定法測量氧中一氧化碳及烴 之濃度的方法,彼包括下列操作步驟: a) 將存在於氧氣流中之一氧化碳及烴轉化成二氧化碳; b) 在步驟a)之轉化後,測量二氧化碳在氧中的濃度; 以及 · c) 從步驟b)之測量中,推衍出一氧化碳及烴之總起初 濃度。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,彼可進一步包括操作 步驟bj,其包含在氧氣流中進行另一不屬於步驟a)之轉化 反應的二氧化碳濃度之測量。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中步驟a)係藉由一 供氣體處理用之系統10而進行,該系統10包括供待檢氣體 用之入口管線(11 ),可轉化一氧化碳及烴之系統(1 2), IMS 分析器(13)及一感測與資料處理裝置18,並藉由可適度操作 的兩個三向閥(V! ; V2),其可安排至該轉化系統之上游或下 游,而將整個進入該處理系統之氣體流送到該系統中,以 使一氧化碳及烴轉化。 4.如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中步驟b’)係藉由 一供氣體處理用之系統10而進行,該系統10包括供待檢氣 體用之入口管線(11),可轉化一氧化碳及烴之系統(12), IMS分析器(13)及一感測與資料處理裝置18,並藉由可適度 操作的兩個三向閥(V! ; V2),其可安排至該轉化系統之上游 或下游,而將整個進入該處理系統之氣體流經由第二管線 送到該分析器中,同時避免通過該可轉化一氧化碳及烴之 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -10- 569007 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍2 系統。 5.如申請專利範圍第3及4項中任一項之方法,,其中該 可轉化一氧化碳及烴之系統包含至少一個對烴之氧化反應 具活性的催化劑化合物,其係選自貴金屬氧化物。 6 ·如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該化合物係氧化 鈀。 7.如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中氧化紀在步驟b )期間係保持在200至350°C的溫度下。 (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· 、1T經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210><297公釐) -11 -
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GB0704547D0 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2007-04-18 | Smiths Detection Watford Ltd | Ion mobility spectrometers |
US7709788B2 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2010-05-04 | Implant Sciences Corporation | Chemical calibration method and system |
GB0813060D0 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2008-08-20 | Micromass Ltd | Mass spectrometer |
US11636870B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Smoking cessation systems and methods |
US11760170B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods |
US11760169B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors |
US11813926B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Binding agent and olfaction sensor |
US11932080B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods |
US11828210B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-28 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction |
US12017506B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-06-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Passenger cabin air control systems and methods |
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US4777363A (en) | 1986-08-29 | 1988-10-11 | Research Corporation Technologies, Inc. | Ion mobility spectrometer |
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