559647 A7 B7 五、發明説明（i ) 本發明之背景 氣化烴類物質成為合成氣（synthesis gas或syngas)的方法 及優點，通常在工業上為已知的。在高溫氣化製程中，合 成氣一般從如天然氣之氣態可燃性燃料、及固態可燃性有 機燃料產生，如煤炭、殘餘石油、木材、焦油砂、頁岩 油、及城市、農業或工業廢物。氣態或固態可燃性有機燃 料在氣化反應器中與有反應性的含氧氣體-如：空氣、經 富含之空氣或純氧-和溫度調節劑-如：蒸氣-反應，而獲得 合成氣。 經富含之空氣或純氧的產生可藉著空氣分離單元（ASU) 進行。來自空氣分離單元之氧氣轉送到氣化器必須在高壓 下完成，因為氣化器之一般為高的溫度及壓力條件。 所有的有機或無機物質在某些壓力及溫度條件下，可與 氣態或液態氧氣反應。發生的反應會導致火焰或爆炸，是 由於存在於氣態或液態氧中該物質之不可控制的氧化。因 為這些潛在的危險，管線的設計及啟動和停工的方法必須 小心地考慮。 用於管線及控制閥中的許多物質具有高於氣態氧之一般 流動溫度的引燃溫度。因此，在存在含氧氣體時這些物質 的引燃不是一種危險。危險是這些物質由於局部化高溫的 引燃。幾個因素會導致局部化高溫，包括：外來顆粒影 響、振動及流動速度。由外來顆粒影響引燃是由顆粒所導 致，如：藉著含氧氣體之流動所夾帶的焊接渣。當這些顆 粒遇到閥門或其他阻礙物時，如··在管線中的彎曲，該顆 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 559647 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 粒會與閥或管線碰撞。此碰撞會將顆粒的動能轉成足夠的 熱，導致該顆粒或表面撞擊而燃燒。由振動所引起的燃燒 在振動足以產生内部磨擦的部份發生，該磨擦升高溫度到 其引燃點以上《為此理由，在含氧氣體、使用管線中清除 及導引是重要的。當使用高壓含氧氣體或大量含氧氣體必 須被轉送時，流動速度變成重要的事項。一般，若經過管 線或閥門的速度超過200呎/秒，由管線或閥門之壁面所導 致的磨擦會造成物貝的自燃。氧氣使用的速度標準被概述 於壓縮氣體協會小冊（Compressed Gas AMoeiation Pamphlet)G_4.4中，其内容併於本文為參考。 在氣化器啟動時加壓含氧氣體進料管線的習知技藝方法 中’必須均衡通過含氧氣體進料阻斷閥的壓力。前述之流 出閥是藉著節流阻斷閥，用來減緩流出高壓含氧氣體到含 氧氣體進料管線。因為與加壓進料管線相關的大壓力降， 此實施需要許多安全升級，如：昂貴的冶金用於閥門及管 線中’以避免氧氣、防火盾或遙控閥螺管的自燃。在閥門 失靈的情況下，在高壓下大量衝出的含氧氣體會容易地導 致災難意外。因此理想的是發展一種更安全的製程，用來 在預期啟動氣化器時加壓含氧氣體進料管線。 本發明之摘要 本發明提供一種更加安全的溶液，用於在使用含氧氣體 製程單元啟動時加壓含氧氣體進料管線。在將含氧氣體導 入管線之前，主要含氧氣體阻斷閥之所有管線下游以較佳 為氮氣的惰性氣體加壓。藉著以惰性氣體均衡壓力，其排559647 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (i) Background of the invention The method and advantages of gasifying hydrocarbons into synthesis gas (synthesis gas) are generally known in the industry. In high-temperature gasification processes, synthetic gas is generally produced from gaseous flammable fuels such as natural gas and solid flammable organic fuels such as coal, residual petroleum, wood, tar sands, shale oil, and municipal, agricultural, or industrial waste. Gaseous or solid flammable organic fuels are reacted in a gasification reactor with reactive oxygen-containing gases-such as air, enriched air or pure oxygen-and temperature regulators-such as steam-to obtain syngas . The production of enriched air or pure oxygen can be performed by an air separation unit (ASU). The transfer of oxygen from the air separation unit to the gasifier must be completed under high pressure, because the gasifier is generally under high temperature and pressure conditions. All organic or inorganic substances can react with gaseous or liquid oxygen under certain pressure and temperature conditions. The reactions that occur can cause flames or explosions due to the uncontrolled oxidation of the substance in gaseous or liquid oxygen. Because of these potential hazards, the design of pipelines and methods of starting and stopping must be carefully considered. Many materials used in pipelines and control valves have ignition temperatures above the normal flow temperature of gaseous oxygen. Therefore, the ignition of these substances in the presence of oxygen-containing gases is not a danger. The danger is that these substances are ignited by localized high temperatures. Several factors can cause localized high temperatures, including foreign particle effects, vibration, and flow velocity. Ignition caused by foreign particles is caused by particles, such as welding slag entrained by the flow of oxygen-containing gas. When these particles meet the valve or other obstacles, such as the bending in the pipeline, the size of this paper applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 559647 A7 B7 V. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (2) The particles may collide with a valve or a pipeline. This collision converts the kinetic energy of the particle into sufficient heat, causing the particle or surface to hit and burn. Combustion caused by vibration occurs in the part where vibration is sufficient to generate internal friction, which increases the temperature above its ignition point. "For this reason, it is important to remove and guide in oxygen-containing gas and use pipelines. When using high-pressure oxygen-containing gas or a large amount of oxygen-containing gas must be transferred, the flow speed becomes an important issue. Generally, if the speed of passing the pipeline or valve exceeds 200 feet per second, the friction caused by the wall surface of the pipeline or valve will cause spontaneous combustion of the shell. The speed standards for oxygen use are outlined in the Compressed Gas AMoeiation Pamphlet G_4.4, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In the conventional art method of pressurizing the oxygen-containing gas feed line when the gasifier is started, it is necessary to equalize the pressure through the oxygen-containing gas feed blocking valve. The aforementioned outflow valve is used to slow down the outflow of high-pressure oxygen-containing gas to the oxygen-containing gas feed line through a throttle blocking valve. Because of the large pressure drop associated with pressurized feed lines, this implementation requires many safety upgrades, such as expensive metallurgy used in valves and piping ’to avoid spontaneous combustion of oxygen, fire shields or solenoids for remote control valves. In the case of a valve failure, a large amount of oxygen-containing gas flushed out under high pressure can easily lead to a disaster. It is therefore desirable to develop a safer process for pressurizing the oxygen-containing gas feed line when the gasifier is expected to start. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a safer solution for pressurizing an oxygen-containing gas feed line when an oxygen-containing gas process unit is started. Prior to introducing the oxygen-containing gas into the pipeline, all the pipelines of the main oxygen-containing gas blocking valve are pressurized with an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, downstream. By equalizing the pressure with an inert gas, its discharge
559647 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 除以含氧氣體緩慢加壓管線、並曝露含氧氣體於與加壓管 線到高壓相關之大壓力降的危險。 圖示之簡要敘述 圖1顯示用於加壓含氧氣體進料管線的一般習知技藝方 法。 圖2說明本發明的一個較佳具體實施例。 說明用具體實施例之敘述 現在參考圖1，顯示對使用含氧氣體製程單元加壓含氧 氣體進料管線的一種習知技藝方法。一般使用含氧氣體製 程單元是一個氣化器，但是可以是任何使用含氧氣體製程 單元。首先，來自主要含氧氣體座（未顯示）之含氧氣體被 供應到管線1。當氣化器被停工時，阻斷閥2阻斷含氧氣體 流入含氧氣體進料管線及最後流到氣化器。 當氣化器被啟動並且含氧氣體管線必須被置於使用時， 均衡閥5被緩慢地打開，使得含氧氣體可流到管線3中。當 此完成時，流經均衡閥5之含氧氣體遇見一個大壓力降。 因此，含氧氣體以超過200呎/秒的速度行進，當氣體通過 均衡閥2並且意外地由控制閥7所停阻時，增加自燃的危 險。因此管線3是在低壓，理想的是將阻斷閥2及均衡閥5 士置到接近控制閥7 ’以將南壓含氧氣體釋出到管線的份 量減至最少。在管線3以氧氣加壓之後，然後控制閥7被打 開’使得進料含氧氣體到氣化器8中。一些習知技藝方法 不使用均衡閥，另外選擇使用大許多的阻斷閥，來加壓含 氧氣體進料管線。 本紙張尺度適用中® @家標準(CNS) A4規格(21G X 297公爱) 6- 装 訂 線 五、發明説明（4 务明的-個較佳具體實抱例說 的理由，來自圖1的共同元件被給予相二二4 了間早 要座(未顯示)之含氧氣體 2且：自王 闕2避免進人氣化器進科管線2 Γ並且由阻斷 時，氣化器及含氧氣體：;，=:當氣化器準備啟動 氣。如在迚所. 5 v桌系統首先以惰性氣體排 物所“的，惰性㈣為不與T游製程單元中任何 物貝反應的任何氣體。較佳㈣性氣體是氮氣。 當想要加壓含氧氣體進科管線時，經由管線 體：用來加壓氣化器進料管線系統。此是將經加壓：惰； ^月』由官線12及阻斷閥13送到含氧氣體進料管線6而完 。：旦含氧氣體進料管線系統被足夠地加壓，控制閥7 不打開’將經加壓之惰性氣體送到控制閥7之管線部分3上 =一旦惰性氣體的壓力大致等於管線】中之含氧氣體的 i ，控制閥7被關閉’以隔離惰性氣體。均衡閥5及阻斷 :2被打開，並且含氧氣體流到含氧氣體進料管線系統 當敘述惰性氣體的壓力為大致等到含氧氣體的壓力時， 其意為惰性氣體的壓力是當均衡閥5及阻斷閥2被打開時， 使知氧氣會以低於200呎/秒的速度流經閥門。此有減少由 官線或閥門壁面所導致之磨擦的效果，否則其會增加物質 自燃的可能性。 複雜的連鎖（interlocks)也可用來控制加壓含氧氣體進料 管線系統的方法。這些連鎖也確保含氧氣體進料管線系統 在氣化器啟示時被安全地加壓。這些連鎖會進行不同的功 本紙張尺度適财®时標準(CNS) A4規格(21G X 297公复) 559647 A7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) 能。該連鎖也核對氣化器被安全地停工，並且所有的排氣 被完成，並然後核對氣化器壓力及氧氣體進料管線壓力為 低的，較佳為低於每平方吋20磅。然後該連鎖核對含氧氣 體進料管線被隔離並且氮氣壓力是適當地加壓氧氣體進料 管線並且保護氮氣系統。另外，該連鎖也核對當其到了打 開氮氣阻斷閥時，能得到上游氧氣體，以保護氧氣系統。 如果所有的條件存在，連鎖系統容許含氧氣體進料管線被 加壓。一旦被加壓，上游含氧氣體均衡閥及阻斷閥可被打 開。 上面說明的具體實施例意於當做本發明之潛在具體實施 例的簡化流程圖。習知化工技藝者之一必須了解並且欣 賞：任何特別具體實施例的特定細節會不同，並且取決於 所考慮之系統的位置及需要。所有此類能夠達成本發明的 安排、流程改變及具體實施例，被考慮在習知此藝者的能 力内，並且因此在本發明之範蜂内。 如上述所觀，習知此藝者之一必須欣賞：本發明的一個 說明用具體實施例包括在含氧氣體管線中減少磨擦燃燒的 方法。此方法包含以惰性氣體將含氧氣體管線排氣、以惰 性氣體將含氧氣體管線加壓到等於被導入之含氧氣體的壓 力，並且將含氧氣體導入該含氧氣體管線中。較佳地，該 惰性氣體為氮氧，並且該含氧氣體為空氣、經富含之空氣 或純氧。 經加壓之含氧氣體管線較佳地包含含氧氣體控制閥之含 氧氣體阻斷閥上游。含氧氣體控制閥依次為使用含氧氣體 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐） 559647 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 製程單元之上游。當加壓此管線時，惰性氣體被導入含氧 氣體控制閥及使用含氧氣體製程單元之間。含氧氣體控制 閥然後被打開，使能加壓控制閥及含氧氣體阻斷閥之間的 管線。在加壓該管線之後，含氧氣體控制閥被關閉、隔離 在該控制閥之管線上游中的氣體。含氧氣體導入含氧氣體 管線是以打開含氧氣體均衡閥來完成，並且稍後打開含氧 氣體阻斷閥。 許多連鎖也可用來幫助控制此製程。例如··該連鎖之一 可用來核對含氧氣體管線以惰性氣體排氣。另一個連鎖核 對以惰性氣體排出含氧氣體被完成。另一個連鎖可用來核 對惰性氣體壓力是足以以氣體加壓含氧氣體管線到與被導 入之含氧氣體壓力相等。一個連鎖可用來核對含氧氣體管 線被隔離。再者，該連鎖之一可用來核對含氧氣體來源的 壓力是在足夠的壓力下，使得含氧氣體管線以惰性氣體加 壓，並且含氧氣體被導入含氧氣體管線之後，惰性氣體不 流回含氧氣體的來源。 當與含氧氣體進料管線一起使用到氣化反應器時，此方 法為有用的。與氣化反應器一起使用的方法包含將含氧氣 體進料管線以惰性氣體排氣、以惰性氣體加壓含氧氣體進 料管線到與被導入之含氧氣體管線的壓力相等，及導入含 氧氣體管線到含氧氣體管線的步驟。較佳的惰性氣體為氮 氣，並且較佳的含氧氣體為空氣、經富含之空氣或純氧。 許多連鎖也可用來幫助控制含氧氣體進料到氣化反應器 中。例如：該連鎖核對之一可用來核對含氧氣體管線以惰 -9 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂559647 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (divide the danger of slowly pressurizing the pipeline with oxygen-containing gas and expose the oxygen-containing gas to the large pressure drop associated with the pressurized pipeline to high pressure. Brief description of the figure Figure 1 shows the pressure used for pressurization A general conventional technique for an oxygen-containing gas feed line. Fig. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Description of a specific embodiment Now referring to Fig. 1, a pressurized oxygen-containing system using an oxygen-containing system is shown. A conventional technique for gas feed lines. Generally, an oxygen-containing system process unit is a gasifier, but it can be any unit that uses an oxygen-containing system process unit. First, oxygen from the main oxygen-containing gas block (not shown) The gas is supplied to line 1. When the gasifier is stopped, the blocking valve 2 blocks the oxygen-containing gas from flowing into the oxygen-containing gas feed line and finally to the gasifier. When the gasifier is started and the oxygen-containing gas line When it must be placed in use, the equalizing valve 5 is slowly opened so that the oxygen-containing gas can flow into the pipeline 3. When this is done, the oxygen-containing gas flowing through the equalizing valve 5 encounters a large pressure drop. Therefore, the oxygen-containing gas travels at a speed of more than 200 feet per second. When the gas passes through the equalization valve 2 and is accidentally stopped by the control valve 7, the risk of spontaneous combustion is increased. Therefore, the pipeline 3 is at a low pressure, and it is ideal to block the Stop valve 2 and equalization valve 5 should be placed close to control valve 7 'to minimize the amount of oxygen pressure containing oxygen gas released to the pipeline. After line 3 is pressurized with oxygen, then control valve 7 is opened to allow inlet. Oxygen-containing gas is fed to the gasifier 8. Some conventional techniques do not use equalizing valves, and choose to use a larger blocking valve to pressurize the oxygen-containing gas feed line. This paper is applicable in the standard @ @ 家 标准(CNS) A4 specification (21G X 297 public love) 6- Binding line V. Description of the invention (4 Pleasant-a reason for a better specific example, the common components from Figure 1 are given phase 2 2 4 In the early morning seat (not shown) of the oxygen-containing gas 2 and: from Wang Yi 2 to avoid entering the gasifier into the branch line 2 Γ and is blocked by the gasifier and oxygen-containing gas:;, =: when gas The carburetor is ready to start the gas. As in the case. The 5 v table system is first discharged with an inert gas. The nature gas is any gas that does not react with anything in the T process unit. The preferred nature gas is nitrogen. When you want to pressurize the oxygen-containing gas into the pipeline, use the pipeline body: to pressurize the gasifier Feed line system. This is to pressurize: inertia; ^ month "from the official line 12 and the shut-off valve 13 to the oxygen-containing gas feed line 6 to complete .: Once the oxygen-containing gas feed line system is sufficient Pressurized, control valve 7 does not open 'Send pressurized inert gas to line 3 of control valve 7 = once the pressure of the inert gas is approximately equal to the oxygen-containing gas i in the line], control valve 7 is closed' In order to isolate the inert gas, the equalizing valve 5 and the blocking: 2 are opened, and the oxygen-containing gas flows to the oxygen-containing gas feed line system. When the pressure of the inert gas is described as approximately equal to the pressure of the oxygen-containing gas, it means inert gas The pressure is when the equalizing valve 5 and the blocking valve 2 are opened, so that oxygen will flow through the valve at a speed of less than 200 feet per second. This has the effect of reducing the friction caused by the official line or the valve wall surface, otherwise it will increase the possibility of material self-ignition. Complex interlocks can also be used to control pressurized oxygen-containing gas feed line systems. These interlocks also ensure that the oxygen-containing gas feed line system is safely pressurized when the gasifier is revealed. These chains will carry out different functional paper scales Shi Choi ® Time Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21G X 297 public reply) 559647 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (5). The chain also checks that the gasifier is safely shut down and that all exhaust is complete, and then checks that the gasifier pressure and oxygen gas feed line pressure are low, preferably below 20 pounds per square inch. The interlocking check oxygen-containing gas feed line is then isolated and the nitrogen pressure is to properly pressurize the oxygen gas feed line and protect the nitrogen system. In addition, the chain also checked that when it arrived to open the nitrogen blocking valve, it could get upstream oxygen gas to protect the oxygen system. If all conditions exist, the interlocking system allows the oxygen-containing gas feed line to be pressurized. Once pressurized, the upstream oxygen-containing gas equalization valve and shutoff valve can be opened. The specific embodiments described above are intended as simplified flowcharts of potential specific embodiments of the invention. One of the skilled chemical artisans must understand and appreciate that the specific details of any particular embodiment will vary and depend on the location and needs of the system under consideration. All such arrangements, process changes, and specific embodiments capable of achieving the invention are considered within the ability of those skilled in the art, and therefore within the scope of the present invention. As seen above, one of those skilled in the art must appreciate that a specific embodiment of the present invention includes a method for reducing frictional combustion in an oxygen-containing gas line. This method includes exhausting an oxygen-containing gas line with an inert gas, pressurizing the oxygen-containing gas line with an inert gas to a pressure equal to the introduced oxygen-containing gas, and introducing the oxygen-containing gas into the oxygen-containing gas line. Preferably, the inert gas is nitrogen and oxygen, and the oxygen-containing gas is air, enriched air, or pure oxygen. The pressurized oxygen-containing gas line preferably includes an oxygen-containing gas shutoff valve upstream of the oxygen-containing gas control valve. The oxygen-containing gas control valve is in order to use oxygen-containing gas. -8- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 559647 A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (6) Upstream of the process unit. When pressurizing this line, an inert gas is introduced between the oxygen-containing gas control valve and the process unit using the oxygen-containing system. The oxygen-containing gas control valve is then opened to enable the line between the pressurized control valve and the oxygen-containing gas blocking valve. After pressurizing the line, the oxygen-containing gas control valve is closed to isolate the gas in the line upstream of the control valve. The introduction of oxygen-containing gas into the oxygen-containing gas line is completed by opening the oxygen-containing gas equalizing valve, and later opening the oxygen-containing gas blocking valve. Many chains can also be used to help control this process. For example ... One of the chains can be used to check that the oxygen-containing gas line is vented with an inert gas. Another interlocking check was completed by exhausting the oxygen-containing gas with an inert gas. Another chain can be used to verify that the inert gas pressure is sufficient to pressurize the oxygen-containing gas line with the gas to equal the pressure of the oxygen-containing gas being introduced. A chain can be used to verify that the oxygen-containing gas lines are isolated. Furthermore, one of the chains can be used to check that the pressure of the oxygen-containing gas source is under sufficient pressure so that the oxygen-containing gas pipeline is pressurized with an inert gas, and after the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the oxygen-containing gas pipeline, the inert gas does not flow. Back to the source of the oxygen-containing gas. This method is useful when used with a gasification reactor with an oxygen-containing gas feed line. A method for use with a gasification reactor includes exhausting an oxygen-containing gas feed line with an inert gas, pressurizing the oxygen-containing gas feed line with an inert gas to a pressure equal to that of the oxygen-containing gas line being introduced, and introducing the Step from oxygen gas line to oxygen-containing gas line. The preferred inert gas is nitrogen, and the preferred oxygen-containing gas is air, enriched air, or pure oxygen. Many chains can also be used to help control the feed of oxygen-containing gas to the gasification reactor. For example: one of the chain check can be used to check the inertness of the oxygen-containing gas pipeline.
線 559647 A7 B7五、發明説明（7 ) 性氣體排氣被完成。另一個連鎖可用來核對惰性氣體壓力 是足以以氣體加壓含氧氣體管線到與被導入之含氧氣體壓 力相等。一個連鎖可用來核對含氧氣體管線被隔離。再 者，該連鎖之一可用來核對含氧氣體來源的壓力是在足夠 的壓力下，使得含氧氣體管線以惰性氣體加壓、並且含氧 氣體被導入含氧氣體管線之後，惰性氣體不流回含氧氣體 的來源。 當本發明之裝置及方法就較佳具體實施例的方面被敘述 時，習知此藝者明白：變化可應用於在此所述的製程中， 而不悖離本發明之觀念及範疇。對習知此藝者明白的所有 此類類似取代物及改變被視為在本發明之範疇及觀念内。 特別地，必須注意··雖然較佳具體實施例使用氣化反應器 做為使用含氧氣體製程單元來敘述，本發明之裝置及方法 可對任何使用含氧氣體製程單元使用。 裝 訂Line 559647 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (7) Exhaust gas is completed. Another chain can be used to verify that the inert gas pressure is sufficient to pressurize the oxygen-containing gas line with the gas to a pressure equal to the oxygen-containing gas being introduced. A chain can be used to verify that the oxygen-containing gas line is isolated. Furthermore, one of the chains can be used to check that the pressure of the oxygen-containing gas source is at a sufficient pressure so that the oxygen-containing gas pipeline is pressurized with an inert gas, and after the oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the oxygen-containing gas pipeline, the inert gas does not flow. Back to the source of the oxygen-containing gas. When the apparatus and method of the present invention are described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that variations can be applied to the processes described herein without departing from the concept and scope of the present invention. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope and concept of the invention. In particular, it must be noted that although the preferred embodiment uses a gasification reactor as a description using an oxygen-containing system process unit, the apparatus and method of the present invention can be used with any oxygen-containing system process unit. Binding
線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐）Line This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)